CHỦ ĐỀ 4: ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ A LÝ THUYẾT I ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ (TO V) • Làm chủ ngữ Ex: To become a pilot is my wish • Làm bổ ngữ Ex: My dream is to play for the national team • STUDY TIP Sau động từ help dùng to V V Ex: I can help you (to) prepare meal II Làm tân ngữ số động từ (V + to V): aim, afford (có thể), agree, appear (có vẻ), arrange, ask, attempt, beg (cầu xin), bother (phiền), care, claim (quả quyết), decide, demand, deserve (xứng đáng), determine, expect, fail, guarantee (đảm bảo), happen (tình cờ), hestitate (do dự), hope, learn, manage, neglect, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend (giả vờ), promise, prove (chứng tỏ), rếu, resolve (kiên quyết), seem, swear (thề), tend (có xu hướng), threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish, would like, would love,… Ex: He decided to rent a house in the city center • Đứng sau tân ngữ số động từ (V + O + to V): advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, convince (thuyết phục), enable, encourage, expect, forbid (cấm), force, invite, instruct, need, oblige (bắt buộc), order, permit, persude, remind, reqest (yêu cầu), require, teach, tell, train, urge (thúc giục), want, warn, wish, would like,… Ex: Mary inveted us to join the trip to the countryside • Đứng sau số tính từ: able, unable, amazed (ngạc nhiên), anxiuos (lo lắng), boring, certain, dangerous, delighted (vui vẻ), dificult, disappointed, eager (háo hức), easy, glad, good, happy, hard, important, lovely, pleased, ready, sory, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng),… Ex: It is difficult to answer these questions = To answer these questions is dificult • Đứng sau từ: what, when, where, who, which, how mệnh đề danh từ: Ex: I didn’t know what to at that time • Đi với từ thứ tự như: the first, the second, the third…, the tenth, the next, the last, the only Ex: Jim was the last to enter the room • Dùng để diễn đạt ý mục đích Ex: We study English to get a job ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ (V) • III Đứng sau tân ngữ số động từ (V + O + V): have, help, let, make Ex: Don’t let him enter the room • Đứng sau tân ngữ số động từ (V + O + V): feel, hear, notice, observe, overhear, see, watch (khi hành động xảy lần hành động chứng kiến từ đầu đến cuối) Ex: I heard the children shout at each other (nghe thấy toàn lộn) Lưu ý: Khi hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần hành động chứng kiến phần sử dụng V-ing Ex: I heard the children shouting at each other (chỉ nghe thấy phần cãi lộn, khơng nghe từ đầu) • Đứng sau số động từ cụm thành ngữ: hear tell (nghe nói), make believe (giả bộ), make (cố xoay xở), let fall (rơi), let go (thả ra), let (it) slip (lỡ lời) Ex: I didn’t have a lot of money but I had to make DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) • Làm chủ ngữ Ex: Jogging is very good for health • Làm bổ ngữ Ex: My hobby is playing the guitar • Làm tân ngữ (đứng sau động từ, cụm động từ): admit (thừa nhận), anticipate (lường trước), appreciate (cảm kích), avoid, complete, confess, deter (trì hỗn), delay, put off, postpone, deny, detest (ghét), discuss, dislike, dread (sợ), enjoy, escape, excuse (thứ lỗi), fancy, feel like, finish, give up, hate, imagine (tưởng tượng), involve (dính líu, liên quan), keep (on), look forward to, mention, mind, mis (bỏ lỡ), pardon (tha thứ, tha lỗi), practise, quit (ngừng, dừng), recall (hồi tưởng), recollect (nhớ lại), resent (bực tức), resume (lại tiếp tục), resist (ngăn lại), risk, smell, spend, suggest, understand, waste,… Ex: Sue feels like reading comics • Đứng sau số cấu trúc: be fed up with (chán ngấy), be capable of (có khả năng), be busy; be/ get used to, be accustomed to (quen với), be responsible for; It’s no use/ good (vơ ích), It’s (not) worth, There’s no point in (vơ ích); can’t/couldn’t help (khơng thể khơng); How about, what about; have fun, have a good/ great time (vui vẻ), have a hard/ difficult time, have dificulty/ trouble,… Ex: It’s no use asking him to join us • Đứng sau giới từ: about, at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, with, … Ex: Tom is interested in learning Vietnamese • Đứng sau cụm động từ: - IV Believe in, carry on, complain about, end up, give up, insist on, put off, succeed in, think of,… Ex: He has given up smoking - Apologize (to sb) for, blame sb for (đổ lỗi), excuse sb for (tha lỗi, thứ lỗi), forgive sb for (tha thứ), prevent + O + from, stop + O + (from) (ngăn chặn), thanks sb for,… Ex: You can’t stop us (from) going out with them - Lie/ sit/ stand + (adv) + V-ing Ex: He sat smoking by the window • Đứng sau liên từ: while; when; before; after;… Ex: While walking to the house, I saw him DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ Động từ nguyên thể Danh động từ V STUDY TIP Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + V-ing Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room VI To be + PPII -This work needs to be finished, -I hope to be invited to the party Being + PPII -I hate being stared at -I am interested in being given money by my mother ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ HOẶC DANH ĐỘNG TỪ CĨ NGHĨA GIỐNG NHAU • Dạng 1: begin, bother (bận tâm), continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose (dự đinh), start, can’t bear, can’t stand Ex: They continued to sing/ singing • Dạng 2: advise/ allow/ permit/ recommended + O + to V = be advised/ allowed/ permitted/ recommended + to V She doesn’t allow tme to smoke in her room Ex: I’m not allowed to smoke in her room ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ HOẶC DANH ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ HOẶC DANH DỘNG TỪ CÓ NGHĨA KHÁC NHAU Consider + V-ing – cân nhắc Ex: We are considering moving to the country Go on + V-ing – tiếp tục (một hoạt động) Ex: If you go on drinking like this, you will make yourself ill Mean + V-ing – có nghĩa Ex: Failure on the exam means having to learn one more year Need + V-ing – cần làm Consider to V – coi Ex: He is considered to be have the finest tenor voice Go on + to V – tiếp tục (làm việc khác) Ex: After discussing the english speaking club, we went on to sing Mean to V – dự định, có ý định Ex: I’m sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you Need to V – cần làm Ex: The garden doesn’t need watering Stop + V-ing – ngừng làm việc Ex: He stopped smoking last year Try + V-ing – thử làm việc Ex: Why don’t you try using another key? Forget/ regret/ remember + Ving – quên/ tiếc/ nhớ làm việc (làm rồi) Ex: He regrets leaving school early I Ex: We will need to show our passports Stop + to V – dừng lại để làm việc Ex: The drivere stopped to have lunch Try + to V – cố gắng làm việc Ex: Susan tried to lift the heavy box Forget/ regret/ remember + to V – quên/ tiếc/ nhớ làm việc (chưa làm) Ex: Remember to send this letter for me B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Câu hỏi tinh tuý (từ đề thi Bộ GD – ĐT) No one can avoid by advertisements A having B being influence influenced C tobe D influencing influenced Connecticut was the fifth off the orriginal thirteen states the Constitution of the united States A ratified B have ratified C to ratify D ratify The room needs for the weddding A decorating B to decorate C decorate D be decorate I’m sure you’ll have no the exam A difficulty to B difficulties to pass pass C difficulty D difficulties passing passing I am considering my job Can you recommend a good company? A to move B moving C to change D changing The restaurants on the island are expensive, so it’s worth a packed lunch B taking C to D take take My teacher reminded me my essay carefully before handing it in A checking B to check C to have D checked checked Kadit looked deeply hurt and surprised when A to scold B scolding C having D scolded scolded Working as a volunteer gives here a chance to develop her interpersonal skills, promote friendship, and her own talent A discover B discovered C discovering D to discover 10 He promised his daughter a new bicycle as a birthday present A to B buy C buying D to buy buying A taken Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences EXERCISE 1 John and Karen persuaded me the conference A attending B attend C to attend D attended You are late I expected you here earlier A be B to be C being D to being He took to me about and my work A follow/ criticise B following/ criticise C follow/ D following/ I miss my old friends A seeing B see C to see D being seen We had a lot of fun at the picnic A to play B playing C to D enjoying enjoy Did you manage the book you were looking for? A found B to find C find D finding The arrested man denied anywhere near the bank A being B been C to be D be When we last met we told you we planned A to move B move C moving D being moved You are wasting your time to persuade him He will never help you A tried B trying C to try D try We don’t allow you in our house A.smoke B.smoked C.smoking D to smoke John had planned to go go sailing yesterday but a torm prevented him from A being gone B to go C go D going 10 He could smell something A.burning B to burn C burnt D.burn EXERCISE I hope you don’t mind to come and meete her A to be asked B asking C to ask D being asked criticising criticising Most of the students completed their research papers on time A writing B to write C to be written D being written The government hopes inflation by strict control of the economy A reduce B reducing C to reduce D to reducing Does your job involve a lot of people? A to B meeting C meet D to be meet met I don’t like by you in public A be scolded B to be scolded C being scoled D scolding I don’t’t recommend in that restaurant The food’s awful A eat B ate C eating D to eat I’d better It’s nearly o’clock I’m supposed her at 8.10 A hurry – to meet B to hurry – meet C hurry – meeting D hurry – to be met 10 If she catches you her diary, she will be angry with you A to read B being read C read D reading EXERCISE Mark the letter A, B, C, orr D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction Too much water makes plants turning brown on the edges of their leaves A B C D The National Basketball Association will not let any athlete to continue playing in the A B league unless he submits boluntarily to treatment for drug addiction C D He was seen enter the house at midnight , so he shouldn’t say he didn’t it A B C D Computers have made access to information instantly available just by push a few A B C D buttons When I got home, Ann was lying in bed think about what a wonderful time she had had A B C D Yesterday he said he regretted not to have gone to the exhibition last week A B C D He stopped to smoke because cigarettes are harmful to his health A B C D When there are low sales, companies often decide developing new products A B C D It’s not that I don’t like her, but I object to be called that by her I am not her “budddy”, A B C am I? D 10 The lady who had invited us heard me tellling my wife that the dinner was terrible , so I A B C was embarrassed D EXERCISE Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D that hsas the same meaning as the given one “If I were you I would go to the doctor” Eban said to Ebele A Eban advised Ebele that to go to the doctor B Eban told Ebele to become a doctor C Eban advised Ebele to go to the doctor D Eban told Ebele that he would go to the doctor My teacher wouldn’t let me leave early A My teaher refused to let me leave early B My teacher refused letting me leave early C My teacer allowed me to leave early D My teacher permitted me to leave early It is poitnless to try to make him change his mind A It is a waste of time trying to making him change his mind B It is a waste of time to try to make him change his mind C There is no time to try make him change his mind D There is no time trying to make him change his mind She is now sorry that she didn’t learn English earlier A She hopes to learn English earlier B She wishes to learn English earlier C She regrets not learning English earlier D She apologised not learning English earlier We don’t think it to stay up late A We don’t get used to staying up late B We used to stay up late C We are unaccustomed to staying up late D We are used to staying up late To get to work on time, they have to leave at 6.00 a.m A They are always leave for work at 6.00 a.m B Getting to work on time, for them, means leaving at 6.00 a.m C They have to leave very early to chatch a bus to work D Leaving at 6.00 a.m, they have been late for work The doctor advised him to go the local hospital for a check-up A He advised to go to the international hospital for a check-up B He was advised to go to the hospital where he is now living for a checkup C He was advised to go to the best hospital for a check-up D For a check-up, he was topld to stay at home It’s a waste of time trying to explain anything to him A He should be given information B It’s not worth trying to expain anything to him C To save time, explain it to him D It’s well worth trying to explain things to him The man said it was true that he didn’t follow the rules A The man refused to follow the rules B The man accepted breaking the rules C The man promised to follow the rules D The man admitted not following the rules 10 I would like you to help me to lift this heavy box up A Do you mind to help me to lift this heavy box up? B Would you mind help me to lift this heavy box up? C Do you mind helping me to lift this heavy box up? D Do you mind to helping me to lift this heavy box up? II Bài tập C ĐÁP ÁN VÀ GIẢI THÍCH ĐÁP ÁN Câu hỏi tinh túy EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE I B C A C D C A B B A D B D A C C A A D C C A A C D GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT B A B C B Câu hỏi tinh túy Đáp Từ khóa Giải thích B B C A B D D C D B A D A B D 10 A A D B C án 1.B avoid by the fifth ratify: 2.C 3.A the room needs decorate have no difficulty considering job It’s worth reminded me looked … hurt and surprised scold: rầy la, trách mắng a chance to develop… promote… and… promised 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.A II Động từ avoid + V-ing nên loại C Căn vào giới từ by cần chọn động từ dạng bị động nên loại A D The fifth từ thứ tự nên cần dùng với to V chọn to ratify phù hợp Tạm dịch: Connecticut bang thứ số 13 bang phê chuẩn Hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ S + need + to V: cần làm S + need + to be + PPII/ V-ing: cần làm Căn phòng cần dọn dẹp chuẩn bị cho đám cưới Cấu trúc have (no) difficulty + V-ing chọn đáp án C Consider + V-ing → loại A C Để kết hợp với job cần dùng change move Cấu trúc it’s worth + V-ing → chọn đáp án B Cấu trúc remind sb + to V → chọn đáp án D Căn vào nghĩa câu, chọn động từ dạng bị động → loại A, B, C Đáp án D Tạm dịch: Kadit nhìn tổn thương chống bị mắng Căn vào and cần cấu trúc đồng dạng với động từ develop, promote → chọn đáp án A Cấu trúc promise to V →chọn đáp án A Bài tập EXERCISE Đáp án Từ khóa 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.D persuade miss have a lot of fun manage deny plan waste allow prevent 10.A smell Giải thích Persuade sb to sth: thuyết phục làm Miss doing sth: bỏ lỡ làm việc Have a lot of fun doing sth: vui thích làm việc Manage to sth: cố gắng làm việc Deny doing sth: phủ nhận làm việc Plan to sth: lên kế hoạch làm việc Waste sth doing sth: lãng phí thời gian làm việc Allow sb to sth: cho phép làm Prevent + O + from doing sth: ngăn chặn ai/ làm việc Smell + O + V-ing: ngửi thấy EXERCISE Đáp án Từ khóa 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A mind expect take complete hope involve like recommend had better 10.D catch Giải thích Mind + V-ing/being + PPII: phiền Expect sb to sth: mong chờ, mong muốn làm Take to doing sth: thích/ thích thú làm Complete soing sth: hồn thành việc Hope to sth: hy vọng làm việc Involve + V-ing: liên quan Like V-ing/being + PPII: thích làm việc gì/được làm làm Recommend doing sth: đề nghị làm -had better + V: nên làm -be supposed to: có bổn phận/ nhiệm vụ phải Catch sb doing sth: bắt gặp làm việc EXERCISE Đáp án Từ khóa 1.C make 2.A let 3.A was been 4.D 5.C by was lying in bed 6.C regret 7.A stopped 8.D decide 9.B object 10.B hear Giải thích Cấu trúc: make + O + V: bắt buộc, làm cho… Sai turning, sửa thành turn Cấu trúc: let + O + V: cho phép làm Sai to continue, sửa thành continue Cấu trúc: hear, see… + O + V-ing: → dạng bị động: be heard/ seen + V-ing Sai enter, sửa thành entering Danh động từ (V-ing) sau giới từ sai push, sửa thành pushing Cấu trúc: S + sit/ stand/ lie + (adv of place) + V-ing: diễn tả hai hành động diễn đồng thời Sai think sửa thành thinking Cấu trúc: S + regret + (not) V-ing/ (not) having PPII: hối tiếc khơng làm Sai not to have gone, sửa thành not having gone -stop + V-ing: ngừng làm việc -stop + to V: dừng lại làm việc Sai to smoke, sửa thành smoking Cấu trúc: decide to sth: định làm Sai developing, sửa thành to develop Cấu trúc: object to V-ing: phản đối làm Sai to be Sửa thành to being Hear sb to sth: nghe toàn việc Hear sb doing sth: nghe phần việc Sai telling, sửa thành tell EXERCISE Đáp Từ khóa Giải thích án 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.C advised Ebele to go to Tạm dịch: “ Nếu bạn tơi khám bác sĩ” Eban nói với Ebele B, D sai nghĩa, A sai ngữ pháp → chọn C (Eban khuyên Ebele nên khám bác sĩ) refused to let me Tạm dịch: Cô giáo không cho phép sớm leave B, D sai ngữ pháp, C sai nghĩa chọn A (Cô giáo từ chối cho sớm) It is a waste of time Cố gắng làm cho anh áy thay đổi ý nghĩ vơ ích trying C, D sai nghĩa (there is no time: khơng có thời gian) B sai ngữ pháp regrets not learning Tạm dịch: Cơ hối tiếc không học tiếng anh sớm D sai nghĩa (apologize: xin lỗi) A, B sai ngữ pháp → chọn D (Regret + V-ing: hối tiếc làm gì) are used to staying up Tạm dịch: Chúng không nghĩ thức đêm khó late A, B, C sai nghĩa → chọn D getting to work on Tạm dịch: Để đến chỗ làm giờ, họ phải từ lúc time A nghĩa chua hoàn chỉnh; C, D sai nghĩa → chọn B was advised to go Tạm dịch: Bác sĩ khuyên anh đến bệnh viện địa phương để khám sức khỏe A, C, D sai nghĩa, chọn B (câu chủ động chuyển thành bị động) Local hospital = the hospital where he lives It’s not worth trying Tạm dịch: Thật lãng phí thời gian cố gắng giải thích thứ cho anh A, C, D sai nghĩa → chọn B (it’s a waste of time + V-ing = It’s not worth + V-ing) admitted not Tạm dịch: Người đàn ơng nói việc anh không chấp following hành luật thật A, B, C sai nghĩa → chọn D (Người đàn ơng thừa nhận khơng chấp hành luật) Do you mind Tạm dịch: Tôi muốn bạn giúp nâng họp lên helping me A, D, B sai ngữ pháp (would/do you mind: yêu cầu làm cách lịch sự) → chọn C ... other (chỉ nghe thấy phần cãi lộn, khơng nghe từ đầu) • Đứng sau số động từ cụm thành ngữ: hear tell (nghe nói), make believe (giả b ), make (cố xoay x ), let fall (rơi), let go (thả ra), let (it)... ngữ ( ứng sau động từ, cụm động t ) : admit (thừa nhận), anticipate (lường trước), appreciate (cảm kích), avoid, complete, confess, deter (trì hoãn), delay, put off, postpone, deny, detest (ghét),... mind, mis (bỏ l ), pardon (tha thứ, tha lỗi), practise, quit (ngừng, dừng), recall (hồi tưởng), recollect (nhớ lại), resent (bực tức), resume (lại tiếp tục), resist (ngăn lại), risk, smell, spend,