This page intentionally left blank SCIENCE AND SENSATION IN ROMANTIC POETRY Romantic poets, notably Wordsworth, Blake, Coleridge, and Keats, were deeply interested in how perception and sensory experience operate, and in the connections between sense-perception and aesthetic experience Noel Jackson tracks this preoccupation through the Romantic period and beyond, both in relation to late eighteenthcentury human sciences, and in the context of momentous social transformations in the period of the French Revolution Combining close readings of the poems with interdisciplinary research into the history of the human sciences, Noel Jackson sheds new light on Romantic efforts to define how art is experienced in relation to the newly emerging sciences of the mind and shows the continued relevance of these ideas to our own habits of cultural and historical criticism today This book will be of interest not only to scholars of Romanticism, but also to those interested in the intellectual interrelations between literature and science n o e l j a c k s o n is Associate Professor in the Literature Section of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology cambridge studies in romanticism Founding editor Professor Marilyn Butler, University of Oxford General editor Professor James Chandler, University of Chicago Editorial Board John Barrell, University of York Paul Hamilton, University of London Mary Jacobus, University of Cambridge Claudia Johnson, Princeton University Alan Liu, University of California, Santa Barbara Jerome McGann, University of Virginia Susan Manning, University of Edinburgh David Simpson, University of California, Davis This series aims to foster the best new work in one of the most challenging fields within English literary studies From the early 1780s to the early 1830s a formidable array of talented men and women took to literary composition, not just in poetry, which some of them famously transformed, but in many modes of writing The expansion of publishing created new opportunities for writers, and the political stakes of what they wrote were raised again by what Wordsworth called those “great national events” that were “almost daily taking place”: the French Revolution, the Napoleonic and American wars, urbanization, industrialization, religious revival, an expanded empire abroad, and the reform movement at home This was an enormous ambition, even when it pretended otherwise The relations between science, philosophy, religion, and literature were reworked in texts such as Frankenstein and Biographia Literaria; gender relations in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Don Juan; journalism by Cobbett and Hazlitt; poetic form, content, and style by the Lake School and the Cockney School Outside Shakespeare studies, probably no body of writing has produced such a wealth of comment or done so much to shape the responses of modern criticism This indeed is the period that saw the emergence of those notions of “literature” and of literary history, especially national literary history, on which modern scholarship in English has been founded The categories produced by Romanticism have also been challenged by recent historicist arguments The task of the series is to engage both with a challenging corpus of Romantic writings and with the changing field of criticism they have helped to shape As with other literary series published by Cambridge, this one will represent the work of both younger and more established scholars, on either side of the Atlantic and elsewhere For a complete list of titles published see end of book SCIENCE AND SENSATION IN ROMANTIC POETRY NOEL JACKSON CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521869379 © Noel Jackson 2008 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published in print format 2008 ISBN-13 978-0-511-38673-2 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 hardback 978-0-521-86937-9 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate For Nora Contents List of illustrations Acknowledgments List of abbreviations page ix xi xiii Introduction: Lyrical forms and empirical realities: reading Romanticism’s “language of the sense” PART I SENSES OF HISTORY: BETWEEN THE MIND 21 AND THE WORLD Powers of suggestion: sensation, revolution, and Romantic aesthetics 23 The “sense of history” and the history of the senses: periodizing perception in Wordsworth and Blake 64 PART II AND SENSES OF COMMUNITY: LYRIC SUBJECTIVITY “T H E CULTURE OF THE FEELINGS” 101 Critical conditions: Coleridge, “common sense,” and the literature of self-experiment 103 Sense and consensus: Wordsworth, aesthetic culture, and the poet-physician 132 PART III THE PERSISTENCE OF THE AESTHETIC: AFTERLIVES OF ROMANTICISM 163 165 John Keats and the sense of the future vii viii Contents More than a feeling? Walter Pater, Wilkie Collins, and the legacies of Wordsworthian aesthetics 197 Notes Select bibliography Index 221 271 284 Select bibliography 279 Levere, Trevor Poetry Realized in Nature: Coleridge and Early Nineteenth-Century Science Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981 Levinson, Marjorie Keats’s Life of Allegory: The Origins of a Style New York: Blackwell, 1988 Wordsworth’s Great Period Poems: Four Essays Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984 Liu, Alan Wordsworth: The Sense of History Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1989 Lloyd, David and Paul Thomas Culture and the State New York: Routledge, 1998 Locke, John An Essay Concerning Human Understanding vols Ed Alexander Campbell Fraser New York: Dover, 1959 Luka´cs, Georg Soul and Form Trans Anna Bostock Cambridge: MIT Press, 1974 Magnuson, Paul Reading Public Romanticism Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998 Marcuse, Herbert Negations: Essays in Critical Theory Trans Jeremy J Shapiro Boston: Beacon, 1968 Marx, Karl Capital: A Critique of Political Economy Trans Ben Fowkes vols New York: Vintage, 1976 Early Writings Ed T B Bottomore New York: McGraw Hill, 1963 The Marx-Engels Reader Ed Herbert Tucker New York: Norton, 1978 Matlak, Richard “Wordsworth’s Reading of Zoonomia in Early Spring.” The Wordsworth Circle 21 (1990): 76–81 Matthews, Pamela R and David McWhirter, Eds Aesthetic Subjects Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003 McGann, Jerome The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983 The Poetics of Sensibility: A Revolution in Literary Style Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 McLane, Maureen Romanticism and the Human Sciences: Poetry, Population, and the Discourse of the Species Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000 McSweeney, Kerry The Language of the Senses: Sensory-Perceptual Dynamics in Wordsworth, Coleridge, Thoreau, Whitman, and Dickinson Montreal: McGill University Press, 1998 Mee, Jon Romanticism, Enthusiasm, and Regulation: Poetics and the Policing of Culture in the Romantic Period Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003 Miall, David S “The Body in Literature: Mark Johnson, Metaphor, and Feeling.” Journal of Literary Semantics 26, no (October 1977): 191–210 “The Displacement of Emotions: The Case of ‘Frost at Midnight’.” The Wordsworth Circle 20 (Spring 1989): 97–102 “Wordsworth and The Prelude: The Problematics of Feeling.” Studies in Romanticism 31 (1992): 233–53 Mill, John Stuart Autobiography New York: Columbia University Press, 1924 280 Select bibliography Essays on Poetry Ed F Parvin Sharpless Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1976 Millar, John Observations on the Prevailing Diseases in Great Britain, Together with a Review of the History of Those of Former Periods, and in Other Countries London, 1798 Milton, John Complete Poetry and Selected Prose Ed Merritt O Hughes New York: Macmillan, 1965 Modiano, Raimona “Coleridge’s Views on Touch and Other Senses.” Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 81 (1978): 28–41 Monro, Alexander Three Treatises on the Brain, the Eye, and the Ear Edinburgh: Bell and Bradfute, 1797 Moravia, Sergio “From Homme Machine to Homme Sensible: Changing Eighteenth-Century Models of Man’s Image.” Journal of the History of Ideas 39, no (January-March 1978): 45–60 Mullan, John Sentiment and Sociability: The Language of Feeling in the Eighteenth Century Oxford: Clarendon, 1988 Onorato, Richard The Character of the Poet: William Wordsworth’s The Prelude Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971 Paine, Thomas The Rights of Man Ed Henry Collins New York: Penguin, 1984 Parker, Reeve Coleridge’s Meditative Art Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975 Pater, Walter Appreciations New York: Macmillan, 1910 The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry The 1893 Text Ed Donald L Hill Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980 Peacock, Thomas Love Nightmare Abbey and Crotchet Castle Ed Raymond Wright Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969 Perkins, David Wordsworth and the Poetry of Sincerity Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964 Pfau, Thomas Wordsworth’s Profession: Form, Class, and the Logic of Early Romantic Cultural Production Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997 Phillips, Mark Salber “Relocating Inwardness: Historical Distance and the Transition from Enlightenment to Romantic Historiography.” PMLA 118.3 (May 2003): 436–49 Society and Sentiment: Genres of Historical Writing in Britain, 1740–1820 Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000 Pinch, Adela Strange Fits of Passion: Epistemologies of Emotion, Hume to Austen Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997 Poovey, Mary A History of the Modern Fact: Problems of Knowledge in the Sciences of Wealth and Society Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998 Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation, 1830–1864 Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995 Porter, Roy “Medical Science and Human Science in the Enlightenment.” In Inventing Human Science: Eighteenth-Century Domains Ed Christopher Fox, Roy Porter, and Robert Wokler Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995 Select bibliography 281 “Medicine, Politics, and the Body in Late Georgian England.” In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the French Revolution, Ed Kevin Sharpe and Steven N Zwicker Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998 Porter, Roy, and Laura Mulvey Roberts, eds Literature and Medicine During the Eighteenth Century London: Routledge, 1993 Rayan, Krishna “Suggestiveness and Suggestion.” Essays in Criticism 19 (1969): 309–19 Redfield, Marc The Politics of Aesthetics: Nationalism, Gender, Romanticism Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003 Reid, Thomas Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man Cambridge: MIT, 1969 An Inquiry into the Human Mind, on the Principles of Common Sense Ed John Duggan Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982 Richards, Graham Mental Machinery: The Origins and Consequences of Psychological Ideas, Part 1: 1600–1850 Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992 Richardson, Alan British Romanticism and the Science of the Mind Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001 Richardson, Samuel Clarissa; or, the History of a Young Lady Ed Angus Ross New York: Penguin, 1985 Roe, Nicholas “ ‘Atmospheric Air Itself ’: Medical Science, Politics and Poetry in Thelwall, Coleridge, and Wordsworth.” In 1798: The Year of the Lyrical Ballads Ed Richard Cronin Houndmills: Macmillan, 1998 John Keats and the Culture of Dissent Oxford: Clarendon, 1997 The Politics of Nature: William Wordsworth and Some Contemporaries 2nd edn Houndmills: Palgrave, 2002 Wordsworth and Coleridge: The Radical Years Oxford: Clarendon, 1988 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques The First and Second Discourses Trans Roger D Masters and Judith R Masters New York: St Martin’s, 1964 Rowland, Ann “Wordsworth’s Children of the Revolution.” SEL 41, no (Autumn 2001): 677–94 Schaffer, Simon “Self-Evidence.” In Questions of Evidence: Proof, Practice, and Persuasion Across the Disciplines Ed James Chandler, Arnold I Davidson, and Harry Harootunian Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994 Scrivener, Michael Seditious Allegories: John Thelwall and Jacobin Writing University Park: Penn State University Press, 2001 Shelley, Mary Frankenstein Ed Marilyn Butler Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994 Shelley, Percy Bysshe The Complete Poetry of Percy Bysshe Shelley vol 2, ed Donald H Reiman and Neil Fraistat Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004 Shelley’s Poetry and Prose 2nd edn ed Donald H Reiman and Neil Fraistat New York: Norton, 2001 Simpson, David Wordsworth’s Historical Imagination: The Poetry of Displacement New York: Methuen, 1987 282 Select bibliography Siskin, Clifford The Historicity of Romantic Discourse Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988 “Wordsworth’s Prescriptions: Romanticism and Professional Power.” In The Romantics and Us: Essays in Literature and Culture Ed Gene Ruoff New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990 The Work of Writing: Literature and Social Change in Britain, 1700–1830 Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998 Smith, Adam The Theory of Moral Sentiments Ed D D Raphael and A L Macfie Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981 Smith, Barbara Herrnstein Contingencies of Value: Alternative Perspectives for Critical Theory Cambridge: Harvard, 1988 Smith W A Dissertation Upon the Nerves London: W Owen, 1768 Sperry, Stuart M Keats the Poet Rev edn Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994 Stauffer, Andrew M Anger, Revolution, and Romanticism Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005 Sterne, Laurence A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy Ed Graham Petrie New York: Penguin, 1986 Stewart, Dugald Collected Works Ed William Hamilton 11 vols Edinburgh: T and T Clark, 1877 Stewart, Susan Poetry and the Fate of the Senses Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001 Swann, Karen “Suffering and Sensation in ‘The Ruined Cottage.’” PMLA 106, no (January 1991): 83–95 Thelwall, John Essay, Towards a Definition of Animal Vitality: Read at the Theatre, Guy’s Hospital, January 26, 1793; in which Several of the Opinions of the Celebrated John Hunter are Examined and Controverted London, 1793 Poems, Chiefly Written in Retirement 1801; rpt Oxford: Woodstock, 1989 The Politics of English Jacobinism Ed Gregory Claeys University Park: Penn State University Press, 1995 Thompson E P The Making of the English Working Class New York: Penguin, 1968 Van Sant, Ann Jessie Eighteenth-Century Sensibility and the Novel: The Senses in Social Context Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 Vickers, Neil Coleridge and the Doctors, 1795–1806 Oxford: Clarendon, 2004 Weber, Max The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Trans Talcott Parsons New York: Scribner’s, 1958 Whytt, Robert, Observations on the Nature, Causes, and Cure of those Disorders which are commonly called Nervous, Hypochondriac, or Hysteric, To which are prefixed some Remarks on the Sympathy of the Nerves London, 1768 Wilde, Oscar The Soul of Man Under Socialism and Selected Critical Prose Ed Linda Dowling New York: Penguin, 2001 Williams, Nicholas Ideology and Utopia in the Poetry of William Blake Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998 Select bibliography 283 Williams, Raymond Culture and Society, 1780–1850 New York: Harper and Row, 1958 Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society Rev edn New York: Oxford University Press, 1983 Marxism and Literature Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977 Winter, Alison Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998 Wolfson, Susan Formal Charges: The Shaping of Poetry in British Romanticism Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997 Woodmansee, Martha The Author, Art, and the Market: Rereading the History of Aesthetics New York: Columbia University Press, 1994 Wordsworth, Dorothy Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth Ed Mary Moorman Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970 Wordsworth, William The Fenwick Notes of William Wordsworth Ed Jared Curtis Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1993 The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth Vol 1: The Early Years, 1787– 1805 2nd edn ed Ernest de Selincourt; rev edn Chester L Shaver Oxford: Clarendon, 1967 The Poems Ed John O Hayden vols Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977 Poems, in Two Volumes, and Other Poems, 1800–1807 Ed Jared Curtis Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971 The Prelude: 1799, 1805, 1850 Ed Jonathan Wordsworth, M H Abrams, and Stephen Gill New York: Norton, 1979 The Prose Works of William Wordsworth Ed W J B Owen and Jane Worthington Smyser vols Oxford: Clarendon, 1974 The Ruined Cottage and The Pedlar Ed James Butler Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979 Worthen, John The Gang: Coleridge, the Hutchinsons, and the Wordsworths in 1802 New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001 Wright, John P “Metaphysics and Physiology: Mind, Body, and the Animal Economy in 18th-Century Scotland.” In Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment Ed M A Stewart Oxford: Clarendon, 1990 Wylie, John Young Coleridge and the Philosophers of Nature Oxford: Clarendon, 1989 Young, Edward The Complaint; or, Night Thoughts Ed Stephen Cornford Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989 Youngquist, Paul Monstrosities: Bodies and British Romanticism Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003 Yousef, Nancy Isolated Cases: The Anxieties of Autonomy in Enlightenment Philosophy and Romantic Literature Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004 Zimmerman, Sarah M Romanticism, Lyricism, and History Albany: SUNY Press, 1999 Index Abrams, M H 29, 126, 250 abstraction 8, 9, 10, 71, 73 4, 150 1, 153 9, 178 and aesthetic value 165 6, 169 70, 172 5, 183 , 194, 198 and embodiment 10, 12 13, 14 15, 135 6, 151 9, 158 historical-materialist critiques of 31, 32, 134 5, 150, 168, 188 90, 204 see also associationism Adair, James Makittrick 150 1, 157 Addison, Joseph 12, 231 Adorno, Theodor W 15, 60 1, 69, 131, 200, 252, 263 aesthetic, the autonomy of 3, 8, 11, 13 14, 15, 28 9, 59 0, 178, 182, 209 historicity of 2, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 16, 16 0, 18, 24 ideology of 3, 16, 17 19, 24 6, 42, 134, 148, 182, 198, 204, 220 reparatory function of 6, 23, 113, 132 4, 137 , 145, 154 6, 159, 160, 161 the “return to” 13 14, 167, 220 aesthetics 2, 25 determinations of value in 12, 19, 20, 166 8, 197 0, 203, 205 6, 210, 218 20 and the medical sciences 1, 8, 15, 44 5, 68 Alison, Archibald 41 Aristotle 137 Arnold, Matthew 20, 40, 135, 165, 166, 175, 180, 192, 209 on Wordsworth’s “healing power” 132, 134, 137 , 140, 148, 160, 166, 206 7, 216 see also aesthetic; reparatory function of associationism 8, 26, 35, 36, 41, 72, 77 new historicist interpretations of 81 3, 204 5, 266 Babbitt, Irving 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 45 Baker, Keith 70 Barbauld, Anna Letitia 47, 59 Bate, Walter Jackson 29, 171 Baumgarten, Alexander Beddoes, Thomas Bell, Charles 120, 170, 178 80, 182 Benhabib, Seyla 252 Benjamin, Walter 69, 96 Bennett, Andrew 169, 172, 174 Bentham, Jeremy Berkeley, George 35, 114, 230 Bewell, Alan 245 Blake, William 18, 91 America, A Prophecy 92 5, 458 “Annotations to Wordsworth’s Preface to The Excursion” 67 “Auguries of Innocence” 72, 98 “The Human Abstract” 94 “Introduction” to the Songs of Innocence 47 “Jerusalem” (Preface to Milton) 32 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 93, 244 Milton 64, 91, 98 Vala, or The Four Zoas 95 Bloom, Harold 104, 138, 171, 201 Bourdieu, Pierre 19, 24 5, 27, 42, 167, 195, 197 , 199, 265 Braddon, Mary Elizabeth 211 Bromwich, David 177, 262 Brown, Thomas 36 7, 230 Burke, Edmund 45 7, 73, 96, 110 Reflections on the Revolution in France 5, 43, 48, 53 Burney, Frances 45 Bush, Douglas 264 Byron, Lord George Gordon 137, 161, 194 Cameron, Sharon 185, 186 Campbell, Thomas 171 Carpenter, William 216 Carroll, Lewis 154 Caruth, Cathy 241 Caygill, Howard 25 284 Index Chandler, James K 68 Cheyne, George 75 Clery, E J 152 Coleridge, Hartley 37 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 41, 44, 128, 143, 147, 178, 208 Biographia Literaria 48, 103, 127 8, 139 40, 160 “Dejection: An Ode” 186 “Frost at Midnight” 18, 107, 118 23, 125 Notebooks 105, 107, 117, 123, 127 “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” 152 The Watchman 5, 43 on Wordsworth (excluding Biographia Literaria) 7, 10, 140 Collins, Wilkie 20, 200, 201, 212 19 The Moonstone 201, 214 19 The Woman in White 213 on Wordsworth 215 16 Collins, William 214 common sense 19, 36, 103 4, 106 7, 109 10, 113 2, 121 2, 124, 127 defamiliarization of 23, 29, 107, 114 15, 116, 117 18, 121 2, 124, 126, 158, 159, 212 Condillac, E´tienne Bonnot de 70, 97 consensus 16, 19, 133 5, 139, 147 8, 157 derivation from physiology 145 resistance to in The Excursion 141 Wordsworth’s provisional notion of 136, 158 1, 160 1, 160 2, 258 see also aesthetic, reparatory function of; “consentaneity”; sensibility, ethics of “consentaneity” 146 8, 149, 156, 159 Cooper, Astley 179, 181 Corbin, Alain 64 5, 68 9, 84, 85 Courthope, W J 212 Cullen, William 68, 76, 87, 88, 145, 240, 241 “An Essay on Custom” 77 8, 79 custom 73, 76 8, 79, 127 Darwin, Erasmus 5, 36 The Temple of Nature; or, The Origin of Society 4, 35, 37 Zoonomia, or, the Laws of Organic Life 35, 77, 86, 87, 88, 89, 242 Davy, Humphry 5, 44 5, 112, 129 de Bolla, Peter 13, 225 De Quincey, Thomas 90 1, 129 30, 215, 217, 252 Derrida, Jacques 151 2, 153, 258 Descartes, Rene´ 105, 245 Dewey, John 189 Dickens, Charles 142 didacticism 11, 148, 207 285 disinterestedness Kantian 108 9, 130, 197 in relation to the senses 108 10, 131, 176 82 A Dissertation Upon the Nerves (1768) 146 Donoghue, Denis 267 Eagleton, Terry 26, 134, 148 electricity 263 animal 54 effects of writing compared to 47, 51, 53 4, 55 9, 58 Eliot, George 195 6, 264 Eliot, T S 29, 34 empiricism 2, 4, 35, 69 70, 72, 110 11, 113 14 Empson, William 82 3, 207 Engels, Friedrich 189 experimentation in empiricist philosophy and science 56, 105 6, 107, 111 13, 113 17, 122, 129 in literary practice 19, 105, 106 7, 109 10, 111, 117 18, 121 2, 126, 129, 130, 131, 215, 217 Febvre, Lucien 64, 65, 68 9, 70 feeling 2, 3, 7, 9, 13, 18 19, 26, 67 8, 108 , 134, 136, 138, 145 9, 161 2, 183 , 200, 206 10 see also pleasure; sensibility; touch Ferguson, Frances 250 Ford, Jennifer 4, 129, 249 Foucault, Michel 65 6, 76, 98, 148, 237, 241 The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences 64, 65 6, 67, 71, 95, 107 Franc¸ois, Anne-Lise 266 French Revolution 4, 5, 11 12, 18, 27, 32, 43 9, 140 Fricker, Sara 123 Gallagher, Catherine 222, 263 Galvani, Luigi 54, 56 Commentary on the Effects of Electricity on Muscular Motion 56 George III, king of England 45 Gifford, Don 67 Godwin, William 5, 71, 150 Goldsmith, Oliver 122 Goodman, Kevis 14, 226, 237 gothic 9, 12, 152, 198, 202 Gramsci, Antonio 103 Gray, Thomas 142 Guillory, John 166 8, 195 Hacking, Ian 111 Hallam, Arthur Henry 59 60, 61, 202, 215 286 Index Hamilton, Paul 3, 221 Harrington, Anne 178 Hartley, David 77, 82 Hartman, Geoffrey 40, 82, 84, 195, 262 Hays, Mary 42, 43, 74 Hazlitt, William 62, 103, 176 7, 180 on Wordsworth 104 Hegel, G W F 2, 210 Helve´tius, Claude-Adrien 70, 71, 176 history of the senses 64 75, 80, 84 6, 98 Hobbes, Thomas 87 Hollander, John 127 Home, Everard 144 Hough, Graham 208 human sciences, the 1, 6, 8, 65 6, 67, 105 Hume, David 46, 51, 76, 108, 114, 124, 142, 247 Hunter, John 54 Hutchinson, Sara 153, 156 Huyssen, Andreas 210 ideal presence (see Kames, Lord Henry Home) interiority 7, 14, 18, 31, 50, 55, 56 8, 60, 61, 104 7, 110, 120 5, 131 Jacobus, Mary 106 Jameson, Fredric 13, 224 Jarvis, Simon 266 Jeffrey, Francis 40 1, 128 Johnson, Samuel 145 Johnston, Kenneth Jones, Chris 12, 228 Kames, Lord Henry Home 85 6, 143, 150, 157 Kant, Immanuel 14, 15, 106, 108 10, 117, 130, 197 Kaufman, Robert 15, 221 Keats, John 9, 14, 19, 65, 200, 205, 209, 263 “To Autumn” 182 “Bards of passion and of mirth” 175, 178 “In drear-nighted December” 184 8, 192 Endymion 165, 171, 183 “The Eve of St Agnes” 193 The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream 6, 133, 137 “To Kosciusko” 181 “Lamia” 192 4, 196 “To My Brother George” (epistle) 38 9, 172 , 182 “Ode on a Grecian Urn” 184, 187, 191 “Ode to a Nightingale” 184, 187, 195 “On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Once Again” 193 “Sleep and Poetry” 133, 172, 173, 174, 180, 264 “Specimen of an Induction to a Poem” 172, 184 “When I have fears” 182 Kittler, Friedrich 12, 224 Klancher, Jon 50 Knapp, Steven 257, 260 Korsgaard, Christine 108, 123 Kosciusko, Tadeusz 181 Kramnick, Jonathan Brody 171 Lacan, Jacques 194 Lamb, Charles 10 11 Langan, Celeste 140, 256 Law, Jules 113 Lessing, G E 28 Levinson, Marjorie 27, 30 4, 81, 168 9, 173, 174, 191, 192, 194 Liu, Alan 81, 225 6, 412 Lloyd, David and Paul Thomas 134, 157 Locke, John 4, 70, 87, 134, 191 Luka´cs, Georg 3, 60 Mackenzie, Henry 218 Mackintosh, James 45 Manning, Peter 157, 257 Marcuse, Herbert 134 Marx, Karl 17, 31, 142, 151, 158, 168, 170, 188 , 191 McGann, Jerome J 24, 182 McLane, Maureen 237 Mee, Jon 228 meter 97 8, 126 Miall, David S 126 Mill, John Stuart 17, 123, 138, 156 Millar, John 75 6, 78 Milton, John 34 5, 54, 82, 87 8, 250 Monro, Alexander secundus 116, 122, 145 Morton, Timothy 262 Natarajan, Uttara 261 nerves / nervous system 3, 54, 77, 93 4, 144, 145 80, 178 80 see also electricity, animal; feeling; sensibility Nietzsche, Friedrich 135 Oliphant, Margaret 213, 218 Paine, Thomas 45, 47 Parker, Reeve 119, 120 Pater, Walter 11, 20, 200, 201, 207 13 anonymously reviewed in the Examiner 211 12, 214 on Wordsworth 208 10 Peacock, Thomas Love 11, 147, 171 Pease, Allison 265 Index periodization of disease in medical writing 75 6, 78 historical 18, 65 6, 67 8, 68 9, 80 and historiographical operation of poetry 18, 67 5, 74 5, 78 80, 85, 86, 91, 97 Phillips, Mark Salber 85, 86, 90 physiology 3, 5, 68, 75 politicization of during the French Revolution 4, 5, 45 6, 145 see also aesthetics, and the medical sciences; human sciences; nerves / nervous system Plato 137 pleasure 14, 26, 138, 194, 202 6, 224, 226 Poe, Edgar Allan 34 Poovey, Mary 134 Postone, Moishe 259 Pottle, Frederick 69 Priestley, Joseph 47 Redfield, Marc 2, 253 Rees, Alexander 76 Reid, Thomas 37, 110, 117, 120, 122, 125, 128 An Inquiry into the Human Mind 36, 43, 113 , 248 see also common sense; suggestion Richards, I A 259 Richardson, Alan 179, 221 2, 239 Richardson, Samuel 146 7, 219 Ritter, Johann 112 Roe, Nicholas 181 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 46, 70, 105, 151 Ruskin, John 34, 185 Sartre, Jean-Paul 69 Schaffer, Simon 111 12 Schiller, Friedrich 139, 258 Schorer, Mark 92 self-experimentation (see experimentation) sensibility age of 10, 37, 94, 136, 145, 218 19, 223 ethics of 41 2, 149, 178 82, 187 and Revolutionary politics 12, 48 see also history of the senses; interiority; nervous system Shaftesbury, Earl of, Anthony 113, 176 Shakespeare, William 35, 152, 190 Shapin, Steven 116 Shelley, Mary 241 Shelley, Percy Bysshe 147 The Cenci 34 A Defence of Poetry 5, 49, 58, 62, 126, 189 Hellas 62 “Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” 191 287 “Julian and Maddalo” 94 “On launching some bottled filled with Knowledge into the Bristol Channel” 234 A Philosophical View of Reform 58 Prometheus Unbound 18, 58, 61 2, 78, 97 “Sonnet, To a balloon, laden with Knowledge” 58 Sidney, Philip 81 sight (see vision) Simmel, Georg 69 Simpson, David 154 Siskin, Clifford 134, 148, 253 Smith, Adam 176, 241 Smith, Barbara Herrnstein 167, 259 solipsism, charges of (see interiority) Southey, Robert 44, 171 Spenser, Edmund 165, 170, 172, 174, 193 Starobinski, Jean 262 Sterne, Laurence 10, 146, 148 9, 255 Stewart, Dugald 36, 113, 125, 129, 251 Stewart, Susan 237 Strickland, Stuart 112 suggestion 18, 26, 33, 34 7, 40, 42, 57, 77, 135, 172, 233 and historical consciousness 18, 26 8, 30, 32, 34, 43 4, 45, 49 50, 61 likened to action of electricity 39, 43 and literary suggestiveness 28, 29, 32, 34, 37 41, 44, 59, 62, 215 Swann, Karen 198, 202, 266 Symonds, J A 212 Taylor, Jenny Bourne 219 Tennyson, Alfred 59 Terada, Rei 249 Thelwall, John 28, 44, 50 Essay, Towards a Definition of Animal Vitality 54 The Hope of Albion; or, Edwin of Northumbria 51, 52 4, 55 “To the Infant Hampden” 53 “Lines, written at Bridgewater” 52 “On the Origin of Sensation” 55 “Prefatory Memoir,” Poems, Chiefly Written in Retirement 52, 55 The Rights of Nature 50 touch 10, 12 and historical experience 84, 91, 93 Vendler, Helen 260 Vickers, Neil 242 vision 12, 31, 39, 43, 72, 84, 114 17, 126, 203 Voltaire 132, 143 288 Index Ward, Thomas Humphry 166, 171 Warton, Thomas 171 Weber, Max 193 Whytt, Robert 145 Wilde, Oscar 11, 62 Williams, Helen Maria 231, 232 Williams, Nicholas 96 Williams, Raymond 69, 132, 133, 136, 142, 161 Wolfson, Susan J 251 Wordsworth, Dorothy 154, 157, 257 Wordsworth, William 7, 9, 13, 32, 93, 169 , 180, 212, 214, 215 17, 254 “Advertisement” to Lyrical Ballads 23, 109 “Animal Tranquillity and Decay” 157 The Convention of Cintra 139 “Elegaic Stanzas, Suggested by a Picture of Peele Castle in a Storm” 230 “Essay, Supplementary to the Preface” (1815) 6, 191 The Excursion 136, 140 4, 147, 223, 254 “Expostulation and Reply” 147 “I wandered lonely as a Cloud” 119, 205 6, 266 “Letter to the Bishop of Llandaff ” 232 “Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey” 1, 4, 18, 27, 30 3, 39, 43, 49 50, 52, 57, 72, 83, 122, 144, 169, 205, 217 Note to “The Thorn” 2, 40, 44, 68 “Ode: Intimations of Immortality” 169, 186 “The Poet’s Epitaph” 137 Preface to Lyrical Ballads 10, 23, 38, 41, 44, 49, 55, 89, 103, 108, 124, 126, 127, 130, 187, 198, 202, 208 Preface to Poems (1815) 155 The Prelude (1805) 7, 18, 74, 81 2, 139, 204, 258 on French Revolution 11, 43, 74, 79, 83 4, 88 91, 243 history of human sensibility / “infant babe” (Book 2) 70 5, 78 80, 239 “By pleasure and repeated happiness, / So frequently repeated” (Book 1) 203 5, 206, 216 renewal of sensation in 80 Simplon Pass episode (Book 6) 10, 32, 82 3, 84 on the “suggestive” imagination 38, 39 40, 41, 43, 48, 49, 147 “Two consciousnesses” (Book 2) 85 “Prospectus” to The Recluse 67, 74 The Recluse “Resolution and Independence” 18, 136, 152 The Ruined Cottage MS.B 10, 14 “Simon Lee, the old Huntsman” 124, 125 “The Tables Turned” 248 Wyvill, Christopher 47 Young, Arthur 233 Young, Edward 33, 244 Youngquist, Paul 145, 239 cambridge studies in romanticism g e n e r a l ed i t o r ja me s c ndl e r, University of Chicago Romantic Correspondence: Women, Politics and the Fiction of Letters MARY A FAVRET British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire NIGEL LEASK Poetry as an Occupation and an Art in Britain, 1760–1830 PETER MURPHY Edmund Burke’s Aesthetic Ideology: Language, Gender and Political Economy in Revolution TOM FURNISS In the Theatre of Romanticism: Coleridge, Nationalism, Women JULIE A CARLSON Keats, Narrative and Audience ANDREW BENNETT Romance and Revolution: Shelley and the Politics of a Genre DAVID DUFF Literature, Education, and Romanticism: Reading as Social Practice, 1780–1832 ALAN RICHARDSON Women Writing about Money: Women’s Fiction in England, 1790–1820 EDWARD COPELAND 10 Shelley and the Revolution in Taste: The Body and the Natural World TIMOTHY MORTON 11 William Cobbett: The Politics of Style LEONORA NATTRASS 12 The Rise of Supernatural Fiction, 1762–1800 E J CLERY 13 Women Travel Writers and the Language of Aesthetics, 1716–1818 ELIZABETH A BOHLS 14 Napoleon and English Romanticism SIMON BAINBRIDGE 15 Romantic Vagrancy: Wordsworth and the Simulation of Freedom CELESTE LANGAN 16 Wordsworth and the Geologists JOHN WYATT 17 Wordsworth’s Pope: A Study in Literary Historiography ROBERT J GRIFFIN 18 The Politics of Sensibility: Race, Gender and Commerce in the Sentimental Novel MARKMAN ELLIS 19 Reading Daughters’ Fictions, 1709–1834: Novels and Society from Manley to Edgeworth CAROLINE GONDA 20 Romantic Identities: Varieties of Subjectivity, 1774–1830 ANDREA K HENDERSON 21 Print Politics: The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England KEVIN GILMARTIN 22 Reinventing Allegory THERESA M KELLEY 23 British Satire and the Politics of Style, 1789–1832 GARY DYER 24 The Romantic Reformation: Religious Politics in English Literature, 1789–1824 ROBERT M RYAN 25 De Quincey’s Romanticism: Canonical Minority and the Forms of Transmission MARGARET RUSSETT 26 Coleridge on Dreaming: Romanticism, Dreams and the Medical Imagination JENNIFER FORD 27 Romantic Imperialism: Universal Empire and the Culture of Modernity SAREE MAKDISI 28 Ideology and Utopia in the Poetry of William Blake NICHOLAS M WILLIAMS 29 Sexual Politics and the Romantic Author SONIA HOFKOSH 30 Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition ANNE JANOWITZ 31 Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School: Keats, Shelley, Hunt and their Circle JEFFREY N COX 32 Rousseau, Robespierre and English Romanticism GREGORY DART 33 Contesting the Gothic: Fiction, Genre and Cultural Conflict, 1764–1832 JAMES WATT 34 Romanticism, Aesthetics, and Nationalism DAVID ARAM KAISER 35 Romantic Poets and the Culture of Posterity ANDREW BENNETT 36 The Crisis of Literature in the 1790s: Print Culture and the Public Sphere PAUL KEEN 37 Romantic Atheism: Poetry and Freethought, 1780–1830 MARTIN PRIESTMAN 38 Romanticism and Slave Narratives: Transatlantic Testimonies HELEN THOMAS 39 Imagination Under Pressure, 1789–1832: Aesthetics, Politics, and Utility JOHN WHALE 40 Romanticism and the Gothic: Genre, Reception, and Canon Formation, 1790–1820 MICHAEL GAMER 41 Romanticism and the Human Sciences: Poetry, Population, and the Discourse of the Species M A U R E E N N M CL A N E 42 The Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic TIMOTHY MORTON 43 British Fiction and the Production of Social Order, 1740–1830 MIRANDA J BURGESS 44 Women Writers and the English Nation in the 1790s ANGELA KEANE 45 Literary Magazines and British Romanticism MARK PARKER 46 Women, Nationalism and the Romantic Stage: Theatre and Politics in Britain, 1780–1800 BETSY BOLTON 47 British Romanticism and the Science of the Mind ALAN RICHARDSON 48 The Anti-Jacobin Novel: British Conservatism and the French Revolution M O GRENBY 49 Romantic Austen: Sexual Politics and the Literary Canon CLARA TUITE 50 Byron and Romanticism JEROME MCGANN ED JAMES SODERHOLM 51 The Romantic National Tale and the Question of Ireland INA FERRIS 52 Byron, Poetics and History JANE STABLER 53 Religion, Toleration, and British Writing, 1790–1830 MARK CANUEL 54 Fatal Women of Romanticism ADRIANA CRACIUN 55 Knowledge and Indifference in English Romantic Prose TIM MILNES 56 Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination BARBARA TAYLOR 57 Romanticism, Maternity and the Body Politic JULIE KIPP 58 Romanticism and Animal Rights DAVID PERKINS 59 Georgic Modernity and British Romanticism: Poetry and the Mediation of History KEVIS GOODMAN 60 Literature, Science and Exploration in the Romantic Era: Bodies of Knowledge TIMOTHY FULFORD, DEBBIE LEE AND PETER J KITSON 61 Romantic Colonization and British Anti-Slavery DEIRDRE COLEMAN 62 Anger, Revolution, and Romanticism ANDREW M STAUFFER 63 Shelley and the Revolutionary Sublime CIAN DUFFY 64 Fictions and Fakes: Forging Romantic Authenticity, 1760–1845 MARGARET RUSSETT 65 Early Romanticism and Religious Dissent DANIEL E WHITE 66 The Invention of Evening: Perception and Time in Romantic Poetry CHRISTOPHER R MILLER 67 Wordsworth’s Philosophic Song SIMON JARVIS 68 Romanticism and the Rise of the Mass Public ANDREW FRANTA 69 Writing against Revolution: Literary Conservatism in Britain, 1790–1832 KEVIN GILMARTIN 70 Women, Sociability and Theatre in Georgian London GILLIAN RUSSELL 71 The Lake Poets and Professional Identity BRIAN GOLDBERG 72 Wordsworth Writing ANDREW BENNETT 73 Science and Sensation in Romantic Poetry NOEL JACKSON ...This page intentionally left blank SCIENCE AND SENSATION IN ROMANTIC POETRY Romantic poets, notably Wordsworth, Blake, Coleridge, and Keats, were deeply interested in how perception and sensory... CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United... aisthesis or feeling, that the interdisciplinarity of the present study – the conjunctive and of Science and Sensation in Romantic Poetry – is chiefly dedicated For while sustained by its commitment