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UNIT 5: ADVERBS Nhóm 5: - Trần Mai Nam Phương - Đoàn Thị Thanh Tâm I Definition II Formation III Function IV Classification V Comparison MINI GAME Where are adverbs ? He drives carefully go everywhere together Last year was the worst year of my life They 1.He drives carefully (How) 2.They go everywhere together (Where) Last year was the worst year of my life (When) I DEFINITION What is an adverb ? Adverbs tell us something about the action ( modify a verbs) in a sentence, i.e telling us how, when, where,etc., something happens or is done II FORMATION 1.Simple adverbs: often, very, ever, ect 2.Derived adverbs: carefully, completely, happily, ect 3.Compound adverbs: selfconfidently, whole-heartedly, crossmodally, ect 3 COMPOUND ADVERBS: Normally forming adverbs by adding –ly to adjectives, but not all –ly words are adverbs, they may be adjectives Many adverbs formed by adding –ly to adjectives Regular general: Add –ly to adj, including those with thhe endings shown: Consonant + -e Vowel + -le Vowel + -l nice/nicely sole/solely oral/orally but notice full/fully wise/wisely pale/palely carefull/carefully but whole/wholy cool/coolly Other words endings with –e Consonant + -le Vowel + -e Drop –e and add –y only: able/ably regrettable/regrettably Drop –e and add –ly: due/duly true/truly single/singly Words ending with –y: change –y to –i and add -ly Happy/happily gay/gaily but lazy/lazily dry/drily pretty/prettily shy/shyly Words ending –ic: Add –ally cryptic/cryptically but public/publicly ethnic/ethnically Distinguish adverbs: between adjectives and Not all related adjectives have exactly the same meanings with the equivalent adverbs : It is our present problems ( now, current) We’ll be there presently ( soon) They are presently living in Vietnam (now, currently) Some –ly words having same from for adjectives and adverbs : Hourly daily monthly yearly nightly weekly fortnightly early Eg: What’s the point of having daily papers delivered weekly? - But annual ( adj) and annually (adv); also kindly ( adverbs and old-fashioned adjective), through current adj is kind Some –ly words not adverbs, they are adjectives only, deriving from: - noun & verbs: beastly, beggaredly, costly, cowardly, friendly, leisurely, likely, lovely, masterly, misterly, worldly - adjectives: deadly, elderly, lively, lonely, lowly, sickly - others: silly, ugly Eg: He acted in a cowardly way ( He acted cowardly) They greeted us in a friendly manner ( They greeted us friendly) Note also: deadly poison (adj) but fatally injured (adv) Adjectives and adverbs with the same form (without –ly) and derived adverbs adjective adverb -ly adverb clear glass/writing, etc Stand clear of the doors Speak clearly You’re clearly right Close encounters Come close A closely guarded secret A direct train We drove direct to Leeds It doesn’t directly concern me It’s not easy Take it easy- there’s no hurry You’ll pass the exam easily Fine hair/weather He’s doing fine now Finely chopped onion High hopes/ a high roof Jump as high as you can We think highly of you A slow train The workforce is going slow The train was going very slow Sorry Wrong number You’ve done it all wrong I wrongly imagined that she loved me Adjectives and adverbs without –ly We use the ‑ly ending to add to adjectives to convert them to adverbs But many adverbs do not have the ‑ly ending Some words have identical forms as adjectives and adverbs eg: Bang-bang! You’re dead => adj You’re dead right, dead slow => adv a-series: - Adverbs: aboard abreast aloud apart abroad ashore ahead aside - Adjective or adverb: afloat, afoot, aloof, alone, amiss, astray - End-position: He lived alone Last year, they went abroad III FUNCTION Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, nouns, other adverbs and whole phrases or sentences Example Function Sit quietly! modifying a verb (sit) Claire was rather quiet modifying an adjective (quiet) That week seemed to go byincredibly slowly modifying another adverb (slowly) It takes quite a lot of courage to jump from a plane modifying a noun phrase (a lot of courage) I’m going for a run later so I don’t want to eat anything now modifying the whole clause (I’m going for a run) Personally, I don’t like the plans modifying the whole sentence (I don’t like the plans) It gives the speaker’s attitude We often use commas with the adverb when it modifies the whole sentence IV CLASSIFICATION: Adverbs of Manner: will explain how an action is carried out Eg: She speaks English well. Adverbs of place : will help explain where an action happens Eg: Here you are! Adverbs of Frequency: are used to express time or how often something occurs Eg: John is always on time Adverbs of Time: while seemingly similar to adverbs of frequency, tell us when something happens Eg: Last Monday, we took the final exams Adverbs of Purpose: help to describe why something happened Eg: Because I was late, I jogged a little faster 6: Adverbs of Quantity: describe quantity Eg: The champion has won the prize twice V COMPARISON: The comparison of adverbs is similar to the comparison of adjectives, though not identical Regular comparison : The one-syllable adverbs use er in the comparative form, and est in the superlative form. Absolute early fast hard high late loud near soon Comparative earlier faster harder higher later louder nearer sooner Superlative earliest fastest hardest highest latest loudest nearest soonest V COMPARISON: Adverbs which end in -ly or have three or more syllables each form the comparative with more and the superlative with most. Absolute angrily brightly dimly freely gladly heavily loudly quietly sweetly terribly Comparative more angrily more brightly more dimly more freely more gladly more heavily more loudly more quietly more sweetly more terribly Superlative most angrily most brightly most dimly most freely most gladly most heavily most loudly most quietly most sweetly most terribly Exceptionally, with a few words, both types of comparison are possible: often => more often/ oftener => most often/ oftenest quickly => more quickly/ quicker => most quickly/ quickest Irregular comparison: Absolute Comparative Superlative badly worse (than) worst (the) far farther farthest far further furthest little less least much/many more most well better best Examples: Of the two teddy bears, which you like better? This has to be the farthest I have ever walked in my life 3 Not compared adverbs: here, there, now, then, when, where, why, how THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ! ... ever, ect 2.Derived adverbs: carefully, completely, happily, ect 3.Compound adverbs: selfconfidently, whole-heartedly, crossmodally, ect 3 COMPOUND ADVERBS: Normally forming adverbs by adding... and adverbs without –ly We use the ‑ly ending to add to adjectives to convert them to adverbs But many adverbs do not have the ‑ly ending Some words have identical forms as adjectives and adverbs. .. CLASSIFICATION: Adverbs of Manner: will explain how an action is carried out Eg: She speaks English well. Adverbs of place : will help explain where an action happens Eg: Here you are! Adverbs of