VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES *********** TRẦN THỊ MINH ASSESSING THE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 (Đánh giá chất lượng dịch tựa đề phim tiếng Anh phát hành cụm rạp CGV từ năm 2011 đến năm 2014) M.A COMBINED PROGRAMME THESIS Major: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 HANOI – 2016 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ******** TRẦN THỊ MINH ASSESSING THE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 (Đánh giá chất lượng dịch tựa đề phim tiếng Anh phát hành cụm rạp CGV từ năm 2011 đến năm 2014) M.A COMBINED PROGRAMME THESIS Major: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor: ASSOC.PROF.DR.LÊ HÙNG TIẾN HANOI - 2016 ACCEPTANCE I hereby state that I: Tran Thi Minh, QH2013, being a candidate for the degree of Master accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Hanoi, 2016 Trầ n Thi Minh ̣ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all the people who have supported and inspired me to complete this thesis The success of this paper is also attributable to them First and foremost, I would like to send my heartfelt gratitude towards my beloved supervisor, Assoc.Prof.Dr.Le Hung Tien for his enthusiasm and dedication, his critical comments and timely feedback, his constant understanding and encouragement Had it not been for his tremendous support, I could never have been able to complete this research I would also like to express the sincerest thanks to Quang, Thu, and Thanh, who willingly spent time participating in the study and openly shared their experiences and opinions Without their help, this paper would not have been finished Furthermore, I would love to extend my profound gratitude to all the teachers who have taught me translation, interpreting, and research methodology as well as my family and friends who have never neglected to support and encourage me so that I could overcome many obstacles during the study Last but not least, I would like to thank all the readers for their interest in the paper i ABSTRACT In Vietnam, together with the rapid development of the movie industry, movie translation has become a dominant aspect of translation Aware of the importance of movie translation, quite a few domestic researches have investigated the issue Although movie title translation seems to be surrounded by intense controversy, the quality of translated titles has received little attention of Vietnamese researchers Thus, in an attempt to settle controversy, this research investigates the quality of the translations of English movie titles released by CGV, which is regarded as the leading company in theatre business in Vietnam and techniques that can be used by the translators here to produce successful translations This goal was achieved by qualitative and quantitative approaches in the two phases of the study In the first phase, document analysis method with movie titles serving as instrument was utilized to examine the quality of the translations based on the translation quality assessment model proposed by Newmark In the second phase, three translators who produced successful translations were requested to participate in the face-to-face semi-structured interviews in order to find some techniques that can be used in translating movie titles from English into Vietnamese in CGV Cineplex The results from both phases show that (1) most of the translations meet one criterion in the TQA model introduced by Newmark; (2) translators share some common techniques while still having their own way to deal with movie title translation The findings from the study hopefully will benefit not only translators who work with movie title translation but also researchers and people who are interested in the issue ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACCEPTANCE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT ii INTRODUCTION I Statement of the problem and the rationale of the study II Aims and objectives of the study III Significance of the study IV Scope of the study V Methods of the study VI Organization of the paper CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 1.1.1 An overview on translation strategies and equivalence The concept of translation 1.1.2 Strategies of translation 1.1.2.1 Methods of translation 11 1.1.2.2 Procedures of translation 14 1.1.3 An overview on translation equivalence 20 1.2 Translation quality assessment 22 1.2.1 A review on models of translation quality assessment 22 1.2.2 TQA model by Newmark 25 1.3 An overview on movie titles 27 1.3.1 Definition of movie 27 1.3.2 Classification of movies: 28 1.3.3 Movie titles in English 30 1.3.3.1 Functions of movie titles in English 30 1.3.3.2 Characteristics of movie titles in English 32 1.4 Principles in translating movie titles 34 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39 2.1 Qualitative approach 39 2.2 Setting 39 iii 2.3 Design of the study 40 2.3.1 Phase 41 2.3.1.1 Sampling 41 2.3.1.2 Data collection method 42 2.3.1.3 Data collection procedures 42 2.3.2 Phase 45 2.3.2.1 Sampling 45 2.3.2.2 Data collection method 46 2.3.2.3 Data collection procedures 47 2.3.2.4 Data analysis procedures 48 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 49 3.1 Phase one 49 3.1.1 Assessing the translations of animation titles 49 3.1.2 Assessing the translations of action movies’ titles 57 3.1.3 Assessing the translations of comedy titles 68 3.2 Phase two 74 3.2.1 Case 1: Quang 74 3.2.2 Case 2: Thanh 76 3.2.3 Case 3: Thu 78 3.2.4 Summary of findings in cases 79 CONCLUSIONS 81 I Summary of findings 81 II Recommendations 82 III Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research 83 REFERENCES 86 APPENDICES I APPENDIX 1: I APPENDIX 2: II APPENDIX 3: VI iv LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND ABBREVIATIONS List of figures Figure 1.1 Newmark‟s V_diagram of translation methods Figure 1.2 House‟s TQA model Figure 2.1 The process of releasing a local movie title in CGV Cineplex Figure 3.1 Strategies employed in translating titles of animations Figure 3.2 Quality of translations of animation titles classified according to Newmark‟s TQA framework Figure 3.3 Strategies employed in translating titles of action movies Figure 3.4 Quality of translations of action movie titles classified according to Newmark‟s TQA framework Figure 3.5 Strategies employed in translating titles of comedies Figure 3.6 Quality of translations of comedy titles classified according to Newmark‟s TQA framework List of tables Table 3.1 Translations of animation titles fully meet the TQA framework Table 3.2 Translations of animation titles only meet assessor‟s standard Table 3.3 Translations of animation titles only meet the translator‟s standard Table 3.4 Translations of animation titles fail to meet the TQA framework Table 3.5 Translations of action movie titles fully meet the TQA framework Table 3.6 Translations of action movie titles only meet the assessor‟s standard Table 3.7 Translations of action movie titles only meet translator‟s standard Table 3.8 Translations of action movie titles fail to meet the TQA framework Table 3.9 Translations of comedy titles fully meet the TQA framework Table 3.10 Translations of comedy titles only meet translator‟s standard Table 3.11 Translations of comedy titles fail to meet the TQA framework v List of abbreviations OALD Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary SL Source language ST Source text TL Target language TT Target text TQA Translation quality assessment vi INTRODUCTION In this initial part, the problem and the rationale, the aims and objectives, the scope, and the significance of the whole paper are presented Most importantly, the research questions are identified to serve as a guideline for the whole research I Statement of the problem and the rationale of the study The French artist and novelist, Baker (2004, p.40) believes that “Movie is so important that it has become the first arts of human world” In Vietnam, despite being a fledgling industry, motion pictures have been rapidly developed and widely loved by Vietnamese people, young and old alike According to Trinh (cited in Megastar Hé Lộ Doanh Số, 2012), in Vietnam, film industry “has maintained significant growth” in the past few years and “the box office revenue of Megastar alone rises from $13.8 million in 2009 to $47.8 million in 2012” In 2012, Hollywood‟s films occupied up to “80% of the movies screened in Megastar Cineplex alone” (Thị Trường Điện Ảnh, 2012) As a result, movie translation, apart from book translation or news translation, has become a dominant aspect of translation in the country Aware of this trend, quite a lot of dedicated Vietnamese researchers have conducted studies on movie translation “A Study on Film Translation” by Van (1999) and “A Study on the Translation of Filmscripts in English to Vietnamese” by Thanh (2001) are some examples, to name but a few The studies cover many facets of movie translation such as translating film scripts, translating idioms in movies However, translating movie titles are not addressed in these researches despite its importance Meanwhile, as Prendergast (n.d.) states, one of the factors that can help movie-makers “market” their product” and “plays a critical role” in the success of a movie is its title This viewpoint is shared by many other researchers and translators such as Patterson (2008), May (2010), etc As a good title can “arouse the readers‟ interest to see a movie”, the translation of film title is of importance” (Mei, 2010) REFERENCES Andersen, M V (2010) The fate of movie titles in translation Denmark: Aarhus University Baker, M (1992) 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movie titles (Bachelor thesis) Watzlawik, M., & Born, A (2007) Capturing identity: Quantitative and qualitative methods Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc Wengraf, T (2001) Qualitative research interviewing Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc Woolcock, M., & Rao, V (2003) Integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches in program evaluation In Bourguignon, F & Silva, L A P (Ed.), The impact of economic policies on poverty and income distribution (pp 165-190) New York: World Bank and Oxford University Press 94 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: TITLES OF ANIMATIONS IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS DESCRIPTIVE TITLES Source Text The Croods The Smurfs Monster University Planes Rio How to train your dragon Penguins of Madagascar Free Birds The Boxtrolls 10 Kungfu Panda 11 Puss in Boots 12 Ice age 4: Continental Drift 13 Wreck-it Ralph 14 Frankenweenie Target Text Cuộc phiêu lưu nhà Croods Xì trum Lò đào tạo qi vật Thế giới máy bay Rio Bí kíp luyện rồng Biệt đội chim cánh cụt Madagascar Giải cứu gà tây Hội quái hộp Kungfu Panda Mèo Đi-hia Kỷ băng hà 4: Lục địa trơi dạt Rap-phờ đập phá Chó ma Frankenweenie ALLUSIVE TITLES Source language Frozen Tangled Brave Despicable me Target Language Nữ hoàng băng giá Cơng chúa tóc mây Cơng chúa tóc xù Kẻ trộm mặt trăng I APPENDIX 2: TITLES OF ACTION MOVIES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 AND THEIR TRANSLATIONS ALLUSIVE TITLES Source Language Oblivion Dead man down Now you see me RED guns Prisoners Edge of Tomorrow Bait Interstellar 10 Fury 11 Equalizer 12 Limitless 13 Abduction 14 In time 15 Chronicle 16 Act of Valor 17 Safe 18 Dark Shadows 19 The cold light of day 20 Total Recall 21 Stolen 22 Act of Valor 23 Premium Rush Target Language Bí mật trái đất diệt vong Kẻ báo thù Phi vụ kỷ CIA tái xuất Điệp vụ mang Lần theo dấu vết Cuộc chiến luân hồi Bẫy cá mập Hố đen tử thần Cuồng nộ Thiện ác đối đầu Trí lực siêu phàm Truy kích Thời khắc sinh tử Sức mạnh vơ hình Biệt kích ngầm Mật mã sống Lời nguyền bóng đêm The cold light of day Truy tìm ký ức Cướp siêu hạng Biệt kích ngầm Tốc độc kinh hồng DESCRIPTIVE TITLES Source language Target language The last stand Chốt chặn cuối Jack Reacher Jack Reacher Spiders Nhện khổng lồ II GI Joe: Retaliation GI Joe: Kẻ báo thù Iron Man Người sắt Fast and Furious Fast and furious Star Trek: Into the darkness Star Trek: Chìm vào bóng tối Man of steel Người đàn ơng thép World War Z Thế chiến Z Whitehouse down Giải cứu nhà trắng The lone ranger Kỵ sĩ cô độc Pacific Rim Siêu đại chiến The Wolverine Người sói The mortal Instruments: The city of bones Runner runner Vũ khí bóng đêm: Thành phố xương Át chủ Legendary: Tomb of the dragon Legendary: Mộ rồng Escape plan Vượt ngục The Hunger Games: Catching fire The Hunger games: Bắt lửa Thor 2: Dark world Thor 2: Thế giới bóng tối Need for speed Đam mê tốc độ Captain America 2: Winter Soldier X-men: Days of future past Captain America: Chiến binh mùa đông X-men: Ngày cũ tương lai Godzilla_Galaxy Studio Quái vật Godzilla Transformer 4: Age of Extinction Transformer 4: kỷ nguyên hủy diệt Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb The Pyramid Đêm viện bảo tàng: Bí mật hầm mộ Bí ẩn kim tự tháp Dracula Untold Ác quỷ Dracula: Huyền thoại chưa kể III The Maze Runner Giải mã mê cung Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle Ninja rùa The November Man Sát thủ tháng 11 Lucy Lucy The Prince Mật danh He who dares Kẻ liều lĩnh Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit Jack Ryan: Đặc vụ bóng đêm The lone survivor Sống sót The Tourist Du khách bí ẩn I Am Number Số Fair game Trò chơi sòng phẳng The Warrior's Way Con đường chiến binh The Adjustment Bureau Bản đồ định mệnh Source Code Mật mã gốc Fast and Furious Fast and furious Super Super Priest Giáo sĩ Xmen: First Class Xmen: First class Transformers 3: Darkmoon Transformer 3: Darkmoon Cowboys and Aliens Cao bồi quái vật hành tinh Rise of the Planet of the Apes Sự dậy loài khỉ Real Steel Tay đấm thép Tower Heist Siêu trộm nhà chọc trời Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol Nhiêm vụ bất khả thi 4: Chiến dịch bóng ma Giờ đen tối The Darkest Hour IV Contraband Phi vụ ngầm Underworld Awakening Thế giới ngầm trỗi dậy Safe House Safe house Man on a Ledge Người đàn ông gờ tường Journey 2: The Mysterious Island Journey 2: Hòn đảo huyền bí Immortals Chiến binh Wrath of the Titans Sự phẫn nộ vị thần Battleship Chiến hạm The Avengers Biệt đội siêu anh hùng Men in Black III Men in black III ATM ATM The Dictator Kẻ độc tài The Dark Knight Rises Kỹ sĩ bóng đêm trỗi dậy Savages Những kẻ man rợ Resident Evil: Retribution Vùng đất dữ: Báo thù The Man with the Iron Fist Người đàn ơng có tay đấm sắt Guardian of the Galaxy Vệ binh dải ngân hà V APPENDIX 3: TITLES OF COMEDY MOVIES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014 DESCRIPTIVE TITLES Source Language Target Language Bad Teacher Cô giáo chiêu Bridesmaids Phù dâu Friends with Benefits Yêu không ràng buộc What's Your Number Anh số A Few Best Men Dân chơi kiểu Úc The Three Stooges Ba chàng ngốc The Other Woman Vợ, người yêu, người tình Gulliver‟s Travels Gulliver du ký The Watch Dân phòng tinh nhuệ ALLUSIVE TITLES Source Language Target Language No Strings Attached Yêu không ràng buộc Something Borrowed Yêu lầm bạn thân This Means War Cuộc chiến tình yêu What to Expect When You're Expecting Tâm bà bầu Playing for Keeps Yêu So Undercover Nữ đặc vụ xinh đẹp The Heat Cuộc chiến nảy lửa VI ... IV.Scope of the study First, although Assessing the translation of English movie titles released in CGV Cineplex from 2011 to 2014 has been set as the title of the whole study, the samples of the. .. researcher to conduct a study on Assessing the translations of English movie titles released in CGV Cineplex from 2011 to 2014 II Aims and objectives of the study First of all, the research... UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES ******** TRẦN THỊ MINH ASSESSING THE TRANSLATIONS OF ENGLISH MOVIE TITLES RELEASED IN CGV CINEPLEX FROM 2011 TO 2014