CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN I CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả mợt điều có thể xảy hiện tại tương lai ➢ Cấu trúc If clause, Simple present Main clause Simple future Eg: If he runs, he will get there on time The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail ➢ Dạng đặc biệt, biến thể: If clause, Simple present Main clause May/might Can/may Must/should Present Simple future continuous Use Khả Example If the fog gets thicker, the plane may Cho phép be diverted If you finish your homework, you Khuyên bảo can go out If you want to lose weight, you must Nhấn mạnh eat less bread If you are looking for Peter, you will hành động find him upstairs diễn Present Perfect Simple future hiện tại Nhấn mạnh If you have finished, you may go May/might hành động out kết thúc/hoàn thành trước một hành động khác ❖ Câu điều kiện loại 0: dùng để diễn đạt thật tổng quan, kiện khoa học luôn xảy với một điều kiện định If clause, Simple present Main clause Simple present Eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up If he comes, call me = Call me if he comes II CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả mợt điều khơng có thật hiện tại If clause, Simple past Main clause Would + inf (be → were) Eg: Fact: I don’t have a map (HT) → If I had a map, I would lend it to you If someone tried to blackmail me, I’d call the police If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you) If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work (I don’t live near my office) ➢ Lưu ý: • Chúng ta có thể thay “would” bằng “could, should, may, might… ” • If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work = If I were to live near my office, I’d be in time for work • Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Eg: - If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work = Were I to live near my office, I’d be in time for work - If I were you, I’d plant around the house (= You had better/should plant around the house) = Were I you, I’d plant around the house = If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house III CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả mợt điều khơng có thật q khứ If clause, Past perfect, Main clause would/could/might/should + have + V3 Eg: Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize → If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam Lưu ý: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: - If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened → Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened - If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam → Had he not helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam Câu điều kiện trộn If clause, Past Perfect (III) Main clause Would + inf (II) Example If I had caught that plane (Thường có trạng từ chỉ thời last night, I would be dead gian: now, ….) now If he had taken my advice, Simple Past (II) he would be rich now would/could/might/should + If I knew she was short of have + V3 (III) money, I should have lent her more If I knew my mother was coming to see me, I’d have prepared more food MỘT SỐ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ẨN OTHERWISE: NẾU KHƠNG THÌ (II, III) My farther pays the fee, otherwise I wouldn’t be here (II) = If my father didn’t pay the fee, I wouldn’t be here My teacher helped me Otherwise, I wouldn’t have passed the exam (III) WITHOUT If it were not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II) → Without the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II) If it hadn’t been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam → Without his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam Đảo ngữ IF IT WEREN’T FOR = WERE IT NOT FOR (II) Were not for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II) Đảo ngữ IF HADN’T BEEN FOR + HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR (III) Had it not been for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam BUT FOR = WITHOUT But for the sun, life on Earth wouldn’t exit (II) But for his help, I wouldn’t have passed the exam (III) UNLESS + CLAUSE = IF NOT = TRỪ KHI, NẾU KHÔNG Don’t call me unless you need help (I) = If you don’t need help, don’t call me Provided that/supposing that = if (I, II) = Nếu như, cho rằng Provided that it is sunny, shall we go out AS LONG AS/SO LONG AS: miễn là, với điều kiện I’ll lend you some money as long as you pay me back by Friday EVEN IF: cả nếu Even if you give me money, I won’t come tto that party You must go even if you are ready 10 ONLY IF: Chỉ nếu I will let you go out only if you have finished your homework 11 WHETHER….OR NOT = IF….OR = liệu hay không You must go whether you are ready or not 12 WONDER IF: phân vân liệu I wonder if he loves me (or not) 13 IF ONLY = I WISH + CLAUSE = 14 OR/OR ELSE = nếu khơng Hurry up! Or/Or else you’ll be late for school = Hurry up! If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for school 15 IN CASE + CLAUSE: phòng IN CASE OF + NOUN: trường hợp Bring umbrella in case it rains In case of emergency, call 115  ...II CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả mợt điều khơng có thật hiện tại If clause,... I’d plant around the house = If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house III CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả mợt điều khơng có thật q khứ If clause, Past... lent her more If I knew my mother was coming to see me, I’d have prepared more food MỘT SỐ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN ẨN OTHERWISE: NẾU KHƠNG THÌ (II, III) My farther pays the fee, otherwise I wouldn’t be