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(BQ) Part 1 book “Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery” has contents: Preoperative health status evaluation, wound repair, infection control in surgical practice, preprosthetic surgery, principles of more complex exodontia, postoperative patient management,… and other contents.
This page intentionally left blank CONTEMPORARY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY This page intentionally left blank SIXTH EDITION CONTEMPORARY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY James R Hupp, DMD, MD, JD, MBA Founding Dean and Professor of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Medicine Professor of Surgery School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina Edward Ellis III, DDS, MS Professor and Chair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Director of OMS Residency University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, Texas Myron R Tucker, DDS Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Educational Consultant Charlotte, North Carolina Isle of Palms, South Carolina Adjunct Clinical Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Louisiana State University New Orleans, Louisiana 3251 Riverport Lane St Louis, Missouri 63043 CONTEMPORARY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY, SIXTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-09177-0 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc Copyright © 2008, 2003, 1998, 1993, 1988 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein) Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein ISBN: 978-0-323-09177-0 Acquisitions Editor: Kathy Falk Developmental Editor: Courtney Sprehe Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Project Manager: Sara Alsup Design Direction: Teresa McBryan Cover Designer: Ashley Tucker Text Designer: Maggie Reid Working together to grow libraries in developing countries Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org My contributions to this book are dedicated to my wonderful family: Carmen, my wife, best friend, and the love of my life; our children, Jamie, Justin, Joelle, and Jordan; our daughter-in-law, Natacha; and our precious grandchild, Peyton Marie James R Hupp To all the partners in my surgical practice, and the residents and fellows that have made my surgical career so fulfilling Myron R Tucker To the many students and residents who have allowed me to take part in their education Edward Ellis III This page intentionally left blank Contributors Brian B Farrell, DDS, MD Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, Louisiana Private Practice Carolinas Center for Oral and Facial Surgery Charlotte, North Carolina Thomas R Flynn, DMD Former Associate Professor Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Harvard School of Dental Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Private Practice Reno, Nevada Antonia Kolokythas, DDS, MS Assistant Professor/Research Director Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Clinic Cancer Center University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois Stuart E Lieblich, DMD Associate Clinical Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine Farmington, Connecticut Senior Attending Staff Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hartford Hospital Hartford, Connecticut Landon McLain, MD, DMD, FAACS McLain Surgical Arts Huntsville, Alabama Michael Miloro, DMD, MD, FACS Professor and Head Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois John C Nale, DMD, MD Carolinas Center for Oral and Facial Surgery Charlotte, North Carolina Edward M Narcisi, DMD Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Restorative Dentistry Clinical Co-director, The Multi-Disciplinary Implant Center Clinical Co-director, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian/Shadyside School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh Private Practice Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Mark W Ochs, DMD, MD Professor and Chair Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh Professor Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania vii This page intentionally left blank Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery P O Q R T S Figure 15-15, cont’d O, Occlusal view of the final prosthesis in place P, Final prosthetic result Q, Final full-face photo R, Final profile photo S, Final lateral cephalometric radiograph T, Final panoramic radiograph 280 Implant Treatment: Advanced Concepts and Complex Cases A Chapter | 15 | B D C F E Figure 15-16 Edentulous spaces in maxilla and mandible augmented with autogenous grafting A, Preoperative frontal view B, Preoperative occlusal view of maxilla C, Preoperative occlusal view of mandible D, Preoperative panoramic radiograph Note the pneumatized maxillary sinuses and atrophic posterior mandibular anatomy E, Iliac crest exposure and initiation of cortical bone harvest F, Cortical and cancellous bone harvested from iliac cresta 281 Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery H G J I K Figure 15-16, cont’d G, Surgical exposure of atrophic posterior mandible H, Fixation of the cortical bone graft I, Simultaneous implant placement and sinus lift prior to placement of the bone graft J, Completion of the graft placement in the maxillary sinus K, Panoramic radiograph after grafting 282 Implant Treatment: Advanced Concepts and Complex Cases Chapter | 15 | N L M O P Q Figure 15-16, cont’d L, Mandibular implant placement M, Radiograph after placement of mandibular implants N, Frontal view of the completed prosthetics O, Occlusal view of the completed maxillary prosthetics P, Occlusal view of the completed mandibular prosthetics Q, Final radiograph 283 Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery A B C D E F Figure 15-17 Edentulous space in mandible augmented with BMP and allogenic bone graft A, Periapical of right posterior mandibular teeth demonstrates advanced focal periodontal bone loss B, Lateral view of the posterior right mandible months after extraction of the first and second molars C, The left posterior mandible is healing following extraction of the second molar D, Surgical view of the cupped-out right mandibular defect E, Packaging of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) F, View of the absorbable collagen sponges (ACS) that have been impregnated with the sterilely reconstituted recombinant BMP (rhBMP-2) After 15 minutes, the BMP becomes adherent to the moistened collagen sponges 284 G H I J K L M Figure 15-17, cont’d G, Collagen sponges cut into small strips and mixed with particulate corticocancellous bone H, Fine titanium mesh contoured to an ideal alveolar ridge form and packed with BMP on ACS with particulate bone The “titanium crib” is secured to the native ridge with 1.2-mm self-drilling screws (This type of alveolar ridge reconstruction is an extended application or “off-label” use of the BMP.) I, A type I collagen membrane is laid over the titanium crib prior to closure This serves as an internal dressing and scaffold should there be any slight leakage or wound separation J, Tension-free primary soft tissue closure K, One-week postoperative panoramic radiograph showing titanium crib and graft re-establishing normal alveolar ridge height L, View of titanium crib at surgical re-entry months after grafting M, Right mandibular ridge with matured regenerated bone 285 Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery N O P Q Figure 15-17, cont’d N, Lateral view of the prepared wide-diameter (6 mm) osteotomy sites, with guide pins checking spacing, parallelism, and alignment with opposing natural dentition O, Appearance of right mandibular ridge 10 days postoperatively with 5-mm high healing abutments At placement, the implants demonstrated good primary stability and, thus, allowed single staging and optimizing soft tissue healing P, Individually restored molar implants Q, One-year follow-up periapical film Note the improved bone quality on the distal aspect of the bicuspid 286 Implant Treatment: Advanced Concepts and Complex Cases Chapter | 15 | A B C D E F G Figure 15-18 Totally edentulous mandible requiring grafting A, Initial clinical photo of severely atrophic mandible B, Lateral cephalometric radiograph C, Panorex showing extreme atrophy of entire mandible D, Extraoral approach for bone grafting E, Exposure of anterior mandible F, Autogenous bone harvested from the iliac crest The graft includes a corticocancellous block as well as additional marrow G, Grafts in place 287 Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery H I J K L M Figure 15-18, cont’d H, Wound closure I, Cephalometric radiograph after grafting J, Panorex radiograph after graft placement K, Intraoral exposure of anterior mandible at time of implant placement L, Placement of implants M, Cephalometric radiograph after implant placement 288 Implant Treatment: Advanced Concepts and Complex Cases Chapter | 15 | N O P Q Figure 15-18, cont’d N, Panorex after implant placement O, Implants uncovered, ready for restoration P, Prosthesis totally supported by implants The prosthesis is elevated due to increased interarch space resulting from maxillary and mandibular atrophy Q, Prosthetic overlay to fill space between mucosa and prosthesis and to add support to lower lip area 289 Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery A B 1.0mm C 1.0mm D E 3.5mm x 10mm 3.5mm x 10mm F Figure 15-19 Nonrestorable maxillary dentition restored with conventional anterior implants and posterior zygomaticus implants A, Occlusal view of edentulous maxilla B, Radiographic guide (duplicated from the approved transitional denture) and bite registration C, threedimensional reconstruction of edentulous maxilla D, Virtual planning for implant placement in edentulous maxilla with the simulated prosthesis in place E, Virtual implant placement F, Surgical guide and fixation pins 290 Implant Treatment: Advanced Concepts and Complex Cases Chapter | 15 | H G J I Stability Precision L Stability in the bridge framework Precision in the connecting screw joints K Figure 15-19, cont’d G, Surgical guide in place with bite registration and insertion of fixation pins H, Surgical guide in place with mixture mounts I, Implant drill preparing osteotomy J, Placement of the implant K, Surgical exposure for placement of the zygomaticus implant L, Diagram of the intended surgery—a combination of zygomaticus implants and endosseous implants 291 Part | III | M Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery N O P Q R 292 Figure 15-19, cont’d M, Placement of zygomaticus implant N, Immediately after surgery, after placement of all implants O and P, Radiographs of implants placed Q, Occlusal view of maxilla after months of healing R, Laboratory cast of maxilla Implant Treatment: Advanced Concepts and Complex Cases Chapter | 15 | T S U V W X Y Z Figure 15-19, cont’d S, Computer design of planned zirconia framework for hybrid prosthesis T, Preparation for an open-tray transfer impression U, Impression transfers in place for impression of mandible V, CAD-CAM (computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing) zirconia framework W and X, Completed porcelain to zirconia hybrid prosthesis Y, Completed prosthetics Z, Patient’s smile at completion of treatment (L, Courtesy of Nobel Biocare USA, LLC, Yorba Linda, CA.) 293 Part | III | Preprosthetic and Implant Surgery ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Portions of this chapter have been adapted from Chapter 14: Contemporary implant dentistry In Peter E Larsen PE, McGlumphy EA, eds: Contemporary oral and maxillofacial surgery, ed St Louis: Mosby, 2008 The authors appreciate the contribution of Dr Daniel B Spagnoli, who provided some of the case material BIBLIOGRAPHY Becker W, Becker BE, Polizzi G: Autogenous bone grafting of bone defects adjacent to implants placed into immediate extraction sockets in patients: A prospective study Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 9:398, 1994 Becker W, Hujoel P, Becker BE: Effect of barrier membranes and autologous bone grafts on ridge width preservation around implants Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 4:143–149, 2002 Bell RB, Blakey GH, White RP, et al: Staged reconstruction of the severely atrophic mandible with autogenous bone graft and endosteal implants J Oral Maxillofac Surg 22;630:1135–1141, Bone regeneration by the osteopromotion technique using bioabsorbable membranes: an experimental study in rats Boyne PJ: History of maxillary sinus grafting In Jensen Ole T, editor: The sinus bone graft, ed 2, Hanover Park, IL, 2006, Quintessence Publishing Co Inc., pp 3–12 Boyne PJ, Lilly LC, Marx RE, et al: De novo bone induction by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in maxillary sinus floor augmentation J Oral Maxillofac Surg 63:1693–1707, 2005 Chiapasco M: Early and immediate restoration and loading of implants in completely edentulous patients Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 19(Suppl):76–91, 2004 Chiapasco M, Consolo U, Bianchi A, Ronchi P: Alveolar distraction osteogenesis for the correction of vertically deficient edentulous ridges: A multicenter prospective study on humans Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 19:399–407, 2004 Dahlin C, Sennerby L, Lekholm U, et al: Generation of new bone around titanium implants using a membrane technique: an 294 experimental study in rabbits Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 4:19, 1989 Fugazzotto PA: GBR using bovine bone matrix and resorbable and nonresorbable membranes Part 1: histologic results Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 23:361–369, 2003 Jensen OT, Greer, Jr RO, Johnson L, Kassebaum D: Vertical guided bone-graft augmentation in a new canine mandibular model Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 10:335–344, 1995 Jensen OT, Cockrell R, Kuhike L, Reed C: Anterior maxillary alveolar distraction osteogenesis: A prospective 5-year clinical study Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 17:52–68, 2002 Jensen OT, Shulman LB, Block MS, Iacono VJ: Report of the Sinus Consensus Conference of 1996 Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 13(Suppl):11–45, 1998 Kahnberg KE, Henry P, Hirsch JM, et al: Clinical evaluation of the zygoma implant: year follow-up at 16 clinics J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65:2033–2038, 2007 Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K, Lozada J: Immediate placement and provisionalization of maxillary anterior single implants: 1-year prospective study Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 18:31–39, 2003 Lazzara RJ: Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: surgical and restorative advantages Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 9:333, 1989 Marx RE, Shellenberger T, Wimsatt J, et al: Severely resorbed mandible: Predictable reconstruction with soft tissue matrix expansion (tent pole) grafts J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:878–888, 2002 Orentlicher G, Goldsmith D, Horowitz A: Applications of 3-dimensional virtual computerized tomography technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery: Current therapy J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68(8): 1933–1959, 2010 Ozan O, Turkyilmaz I, Ersoy AE, et al: Clinical accuracy of different types of computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in implant placement J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67(2):394–401, 2009 Rosen PS, Summers R, Mellado JR, et al: PA The bone-added osteotome sinus floor elevation technique: Multicenter retrospective report of consecutively treated patients Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 14:853–858, 1999 Sandberg E, Dahlin C, Linde A: Bone regeneration by the osteopromotion technique using bioabsorbable membranes: An experimental study in rats J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51:1106–1114, 1993 Sclar AG: Strategies for management of single-tooth extraction sites in aesthetic implant therapy J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62(9 Suppl 2):90–105, 2004 Terry BC: Subperiosteal onlay grafts In Stoelinga PJW, editor: Proceedings Consensus Conference: Eighth International Conference on Oral Surgery, Chicago, IL, 1984, Quintessence International Toffler M: Osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation: A clinical report Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 19:266–273, 2004 Triplett RG, Nevins M, Marx RE, et al: Pivotal, randomized, parallel evaluation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/absorbable collagen sponge and autogenous bone graft for maxillary sinus floor augmentation J Oral Maxillofac Surg 67:1947–1960, 2009 ... Disease 11 Renal Problems 11 Renal Failure 11 Renal Transplant and Transplant of Other Organs 12 Hypertension 12 Hepatic Disorders 12 Endocrine Disorders 13 Diabetes Mellitus 13 Adrenal... Clinical Professor Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Louisiana State University New Orleans, Louisiana 32 51 Riverport Lane St Louis, Missouri 63043 CONTEMPORARY ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY,... Neuropathology, 618 James R Hupp 23 Surgical Management of Oral Pathologic Lesions, 448 Edward Ellis III 31 Management of Temporomandibular Disorders, 627 John C Nale and Myron R Tucker PART VI: ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL