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(BQ) Part 2 book Netter''s concise radiologic anatomy presents the following contents: Section 4 - Abdomen, Section 5 - Pelvis and perineum, Section 6 - Upper limb, Section 7 - Lower limb. Invite you to consult.
4 Section Abdomen Rectus Abdominis Rectus abdominis muscle Tendinous intersections Inguinal ligament Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Plate 244) Surgical incisions through the rectus abdominis can be made transversely because the abdominal nerves run in that direction and the healed scar appears very similar to one of the many tendinous intersections within the muscle Clinical Note 214 Abdomen Rectus Abdominis Rectus abdominis muscle Tendinous intersections Inguinal ligament Curved coronal reconstruction, abdominal CT • The rectus sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles • The inguinal ligament (Poupart’s) is the thickened inferior border of the external oblique aponeurosis Abdomen 215 4 Anterior Abdominal Wall Muscles Rectus sheath External oblique muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Linea alba Internal oblique muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Cross section of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Plate 246) Because of the dense fascia investing the rectus muscles, a rectus sheath hematoma, which may occur after muscle injury in a patient with coagulopathy, develops within a tight, nonelastic space and can become remarkably firm Clinical Note 216 Abdomen Anterior Abdominal Wall Muscles External oblique muscle Internal oblique muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Linea alba Transversus abdominis muscle Axial section, abdominal CT • The linea alba is composed of the interweaving fibers of the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles and is important surgically because longitudinal incisions in it are relatively bloodless • The composition of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath changes superior and inferior to the arcuate line (of Douglas), which is where the inferior epigastric artery enters the sheath Abdomen 217 4 Abdominal Wall, Superficial View Internal thoracic vein Thoracoepigastric vein Paraumbilical veins Veins of the anterior abdominal wall (Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Plate 250) Varicosity of the paraumbilical veins is associated with portal hypertension (often caused by cirrhosis) and is termed caput medusa Varicosity of the thoracoepigastric vein is similarly associated with portal hypertension and also with increased pressure or obstruction in the IVC because blood from the lower body then uses this vein to return blood to the heart via the SVC Clinical Note 218 Abdomen Abdominal Wall, Superficial View Abdominal wall collaterals Thoracoepigastric vein Paraumbilical veins Coronal volume rendered, CE CT of the superficial abdominal wall veins (From Lawler LP, Fishman EK: Thoracic venous anatomy: Multidetector row CT evaluation Radiol Clin North Am 41(3):545-560, 2003) • Abdominal wall collaterals join the internal thoracic (mammary) and lateral thoracic veins to return venous blood to the IVC • The paraumbilical veins communicate with the portal vein via the vein in the ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver), which is the obliterated umbilical vein • When pathology obstructs normal flow, collateral vessels may dilate and become tortuous as shown in this CT Abdomen 219 4 Inguinal Region Plane of section Inferior epigastric artery and vein External iliac artery and vein Peritoneum Urinary bladder Anterior view of the inguinal region (Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Plate 255) When the bladder fills, it expands in the extraperitoneal space between the peritoneum and the abdominal wall Thus, the bladder may be penetrated (suprapubic cystotomy) for removal of urinary calculi, foreign bodies, or small tumors without entering the peritoneal cavity Clinical Note 220 Abdomen Inguinal Region External iliac artery and vein Rectus abdominis muscle Inferior epigastric artery and vein Urinary bladder Oblique axial mm thick MIP, CE CT of the abdomen and pelvis (red lines in the reference images indicate the position and orientation of the main image) • The inferior epigastric vessels are an important landmark for differentiating between indirect and direct inguinal hernias Pulsations from the artery can be felt medial to the neck of an indirect hernia and lateral to the neck of a direct hernia • The inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath approximately at the arcuate line, which is where the formation of the sheath changes Inferior to the line the aponeuroses of all of the abdominal muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle whereas superior to the line, half of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle and all of the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis pass posterior to the rectus muscle Abdomen 221 4 Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus lumborum muscle Transversus abdominis muscle Iliacus muscle Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Plate 256) Grey-Turner’s sign, ecchymosis in the flank resulting from retroperitoneal hemorrhage (most often from hemorrhagic pancreatitis), occurs as the blood spreads from the anterior pararenal space to between the two leaves of the posterior renal fascia and subsequently to the lateral edge of the quadratus lumborum muscle Clinical Note 222 Abdomen Index Neck (Continued) CT axial, 63 volume rendered, 21, 23, 25, 61, 69 CTA, oblique sagittal, 27 lateral view of, 6, medial sagittal section of, 64 MRI, axial, 71 muscles of anterior view of, 22-23 lateral view of, 20-21 posterior, 148-149, 150-151 soft tissues of, 61 veins, 68-69 Nerve roots, spinal cord, 136-137 Nerves See specific nerves Neurohypophysis, 116, 117 Nose, 40-41 See also Nasal entries Nucleus pulposus, 124, 125 Nursemaid’s elbow, 348 Nutcracker syndrome, 278 O Obliquus capitis inferior muscle, 150, 151 Obstetric ultrasound, 195 Obturator artery, 397 acetabular branch, 394 Obturator externus muscle, 404 CT, volume rendered, 405 MRI axial, 313 coronal, 293, 411 Obturator foramen, 286, 287 Obturator internus muscle, 292, 308, 410 MRI, coronal, 309, 411 Obturator nerve, 405 Occipital artery, 28, 66 CTA, volume rendered, 29, 67 Occipital bone, clivus portion of, 18 Occipital condyle, 108 CT, coronal, 109 MRI, coronal, 85 Occipital nerve, greater, 29 Oculomotor nerve (III), 94, 95 O’Donoghue, triad of, 415 Odontoid process (dens), 8, 10 cruciate ligament over, 18 CT coronal, 109 465 Odontoid process (dens) (Continued) oblique coronal, 19 volume rendered, 9, 11 fracture of, MRI axial, 19 coronal, 85 Olecranon, 354 CT, volume rendered, 355 MRI, axial, 351 Olecranon fossa, 348, 349 Olfactory bulbs, 42-43 Olive, 100 Omental bursa, 232 CT, volume rendered, 235, 241 oblique section of, 234-235 Omental foramen of Winslow, 234, 235, 250 Omentum, greater, 248-249 Omohyoid muscle, superior belly, 22, 23 Ophthalmic artery, 80, 81 Ophthalmic nerve (V1), 94, 95 Ophthalmic vein MRI, axial, 81 MRI, sagittal, 77 Optic chiasm, 94, 104, 116 MRI, axial, 105 MRI, coronal, 95 MRI, sagittal, 117 Optic nerve (II), 44, 76, 78, 80, 104 CT axial, 45 oblique, 79 MRI axial, 81, 105 sagittal, 77 Optic neuritis, 44 Optic pathway, 104-105 Optic tracts, 104, 105 Oral cavity, 36, 55-57, 64, 65 CT, sagittal, 37 Orbicularis oculi muscle, 77 Orbicularis oris muscle, 50 CT, volume rendered, 51 MRI, axial, 49 Orbit blowout fracture of, 47 coronal section of, 74-75 CT, oblique, 79 inferior fornix of, 77 lateral view of, 76-77 466 Orbit (Continued) medial wall of, 46 MRI axial, 81 coronal, 75 sagittal, 77 superior view of, 78-79, 80-81 Orbital fat, 81 Osborne’s band, 353 Os odontoideum, Osteoarthritis of first metatarsophalangeal joint, 428 of shoulder, 327 Otitis media, 86 Oval window, 83, 88 Ovary, 288-289, 294 CT, axial, 289 left, 296, 297 MRI, coronal, 295 right, 297 ultrasound of, 297 Oxytocin, 117 P Palate hard, 32, 34, 36-37 CT, sagittal, 35 CT, volume rendered, 3, 33, 55 soft, 36-37, 64 MRI, sagittal, 65 Palatoglossus muscle, 109 Palmar ligaments, 370-371 Palmar scaphotriquetral ligament, 377 Pancreas, 232, 234, 240-241, 246, 250, 254, 258 CT coronal, 259 oblique coronal, 233, 251 volume rendered, 235, 241, 247 CTA, coronal, 255, 267 Pancreatic cancer, 240, 258, 265 Pancreatic ducts CT, oblique coronal, 245 obstruction of, 244 Pancreatitis, 244 Papillary muscle anterior, 190, 191 CTA, oblique, 191 posterior, 190, 191 Index Paranasal sinuses, 40-41 axial view of, 44 CT axial, 45 coronal, 47 sagittal, 35 volume rendered, 33 Paraspinal muscles, 144 Parasympathetic innervation, abdominal viscera, 205 Paratracheal nodes, 178, 179 Paraumbilical hernias, 228 Paraumbilical veins, 218, 219 varicosity of, 218 Parotid duct, 60 Parotid gland, 56, 60-61, 62 CT, volume rendered, 61 MRI, axial, 57 Pars interarticularis CT, volume rendered, 123 fractures of, 10 Patella, 418, 419 Patellar ligament, 418, 419 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 197 Peau d’orange skin, 156 Pectinate line, 310, 311 Pectoralis major muscle, 20, 156, 338, 340-341 clavicular head of, 341 CT coronal, 341 oblique sagittal, 339 volume rendered, 21 in mammogram, 157 sternocostal head of, 341 absence of, 340 Pectoralis minor muscle, 337, 338 CT, oblique sagittal, 339 Pedicle axis, fractures of, 10 lumbar, 122 CT, 123, 127 L4, 126, 127, 134, 135 L5, 134, 135 MRI, coronal, 135 Pelvic diaphragm, 309 Pelvic pain, 296 Pelvic splanchnic nerves, 291, 311 Pelvic surgery, 274 Index Pelvis, 286-287 bone and ligaments of, 286 CT axial, 289 coronal, 315 oblique, 275 oblique axial, 221, 299 volume rendered, 287, 405 female, 288-289 sagittal view of, 290-291 superior view of, 294-295 ultrasound of, 297 male left lateral dissection of, 316 MRI, axial, 313 MRI coronal, 293, 295, 309, 399 sagittal, 291 parasagittal section of, 282 Pelvoureteric junction, 276 Penis, 306 body of, 312, 313 coronal section of, 292-293 cross section of, 300-301 crus of, 292, 293 deep artery of, 300 MRI axial, 313 coronal, 293, 301, 399 Pericardial effusion, 210, 211 Pericardiocentesis, 210 Pericarditis, 210 Pericardium, 210-211 Perilymph, 83 Perineal muscle, 298, 312 CT, oblique axial, 299 MRI, axial, 313 Perineum female, 298-299 male, 312-313 Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), 392 Perirenal fat, 280 CT, oblique sagittal, 281 MRI, coronal, 261 Peritoneal cavity, 235 Peritoneum, 220 Peroneal artery, 392, 393 Peroneal nerve common, 424-425 deep, 424, 425 467 Peroneal nerve (Continued) MRI, 425 superficial, 424, 425 Peroneal tendon tears, 430 Peroneus brevis muscle, 424 Peroneus brevis tendon, 427, 430 MRI, sagittal, 431 Peroneus longus muscle, 423, 424 Peroneus longus tendon, 430, 431 Peyronie’s disease, 312 Phalanx, proximal head, 386, 387 Pharyngeal constrictor muscle, superior, 56 Pharyngeal region, arteries of, 66-67 Pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube, 82, 86, 87 CT, volume rendered, 33 opening of, 32, 33 Pharynx, 36 CT axial, 63 sagittal, 37 median sagittal section of, 64-65 posterior wall of, 36 recess of, 40 MRI, axial, 41 Phrenic nerve, 169, 198 and pericardial pain, 211 Phrenicocolic ligament, 246, 247 Phrenicoesophageal ligament, 206 Piriformis muscle, 408, 409, 410 MRI, coronal, 411 Pisiform bone CT, volume rendered, 365 MRI, axial, 377 Pisohamate ligament, 377 Pituitary gland, 116-117 anterior lobe of, 116, 117 MRI coronal, 95 sagittal, 117 posterior lobe of, 116, 117 stalk of, 94, 95 Plantar aponeurosis, 436-437 Plantar arteries, 432, 433 Plantar fasciitis, 436, 437 Plantar nerves, 432, 433 Poland syndrome, 340 Pons, 100, 101, 102 MRI, coronal, 85 MRI, sagittal, 103 468 Popliteal artery, 392, 415 CTA, 393 Popliteal fossa, 391 Popliteal vein, 391, 403, 415 MRI, axial, 415 MRI, sagittal, 421 Popliteus muscle, 417 Popliteus tendon, 414, 416, 420 MRI, axial, 415 MRI, coronal, 417 Porta hepatis, 248-249, 250-251 Portal hypertension, 218 Portal triads, 242 Portal vein, 219, 242, 250, 258 Portal venous phase, CT scanning, 259 Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), 414, 416, 420 injury of, 414 MRI axial, 415 coronal, 417 sagittal, 421 tears of, 421 Posterior descending (interventricular) artery, 186, 187 Posterior interosseous nerve, 362 Posterior interventricular groove, 186 Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), 130, 131 Posterior tibial artery, 392 Posterolateral artery, 186 Posterolateral branches, coronary, 188, 189 Pott’s fracture, 434, 435 Pouch of Morison, 280, 281 Poupart’s ligament, 215 Preprostatic sphincter, 303 Prevertebral muscles, 24-25 Pringle maneuver, 250 Profunda femoris artery, 392, 396 CTA, 393, 397 Pronator teres muscle, 351 Pronator teres tendon, 347 Prostate gland, 292, 302-303 cancer of, 304 coronal section of, 292-293, 304-305 MRI, coronal, 293, 305 zonal differentiation in, 305 Pseudoaneurysm, 202-203 Psoas abscess, 224 Index Psoas muscle, 152, 224-225, 276, 398 CT, coronal, 225, 267, 277 MRI axial, 153 coronal, 135 Pterion, Pterygoid canal, nerve of (Vidian nerve), 39 Pterygoid muscles, 40, 54-55 lateral, 40, 52, 54 CT, volume rendered, 55 MRI, axial, 41 MRI, sagittal, 53 medial, 40, 54 CT, volume rendered, 55 MRI, axial, 41, 57 Pterygopalatine fossa, 38-39 Pterygopalatine ganglion, 38, 39 Ptosis, 74 Pubic bone, symphyseal surface of, 286, 287 Pubic symphysis, 290, 291 Pubofemoral ligament, 395 Pudendal artery, internal, 316, 317 Pulmonary artery left, 170, 176, 196, 202 CT, 171, 177 CTA, volume rendered, 197, 203 in infant, 196 right, 176, 198 CT, 177 CT, volume rendered, 199 Pulmonary emboli, 176, 177 CT for, 403 Pulmonary function testing, 175 Pulmonary trunk, 176, 182 CT, 177, 183 CTA, volume rendered, 197 Pulmonary veins CT, 171 oblique sagittal, 205 volume rendered, 199 CTA oblique, 191 volume rendered, 203 left, 190, 191 left inferior, 170, 171, 202, 203 left superior, 202, 203 right, 198, 199 Putamen, 98, 99 Index Pyloric canal, 237 Pyloric valve, 236, 237 Pylorus, 238, 239 Q Quadrangular space, 332-333 Quadratus femoris muscle, 408, 410 MRI, axial, 409 MRI, coronal, 411 Quadratus lumborum muscle, 146, 152, 222-223, 224, 280 CT, oblique sagittal, 281 MRI axial, 153 coronal, 147 Quadratus plantae muscle, 438 MRI, 439 oblique, 433 sagittal, 437 Quadriceps femoris muscle group, 400401 Quadriceps femoris tendon, 418, 419 R Radial collateral ligament, 346 MRI, coronal, 347, 359 rupture of, 346 Radial head subluxation, 348 Radial nerve injury to, 362, 385 MRI, axial, 351 Radiocarpal joint, 368, 369 Radiocarpal ligament, 373 Radiolunate ligament long, 370, 371 MR arthrogram, 371 short, 370 Radiolunatotriquetral ligament, 371 Radioscaphocapitate ligament, 370, 371 Radiotriquetral ligament, 373 Radioulnar joint dislocation of, 354 distal, 354, 368 CT, volume rendered, 355 MRI, coronal, 369 middle, 355 proximal, 355 469 Radius, 344, 354-355 annular ligament of, 346, 348 arthrogram, lateral, 349 distal ends of, 356-357 dorsal tubercle of, CT, volume rendered, 363 fractures of, 354, 355, 356, 357 head of, 354, 360 CT, volume rendered, 355 MRI, coronal, 359 MRI, 345 styloid process of, 354, 356, 366, 368, 373 CT, volume rendered, 355, 357, 367 MR arthrogram, coronal, 371 MRI, coronal, 369 tuberosity of, 322, 345, 354, 360 CT, volume rendered, 355 MRI, coronal, 361 ulnar notch of, 356 CT, volume rendered, 357 Rectal abscess, 310 Rectal nerves, 291 Rectocele, 290 Rectum, 290, 308 coronal view of, 308 MRI coronal, 309 sagittal, 291 Rectus abdominis muscle, 214-215, 216 CT axial, 217 coronal, 215 oblique axial, 221 tendinous intersections of, 214, 215 Rectus capitis muscles, 150, 151 Rectus femoris muscle, 300 MRI, coronal, 401 Rectus posterior muscles, 150, 151 Rectus sheath, 215, 216 hematoma, 216 layers of, 217 Recurrent laryngeal nerve, 30, 203 Renal agenesia, 273 Renal arteries, 226, 268, 278 CTA, 269, 271 inferior, 270, 271 left, CT, axial, 279 MRA, coronal, 227 Index 470 Renal arteries (Continued) right, 271, 279 superior, 270, 271 variations of, 270-271 Renal calculi, 276, 277 Renal colic, 272 Renal cortical cyst, 261 Renal fascia, 152 Renal fat, 152, 153 Renal pelvis, 272-273 MRI, coronal, 261 urogram, 273 Renal veins, 278 CTA, 271 left, 264, 282 CT, axial, 279 CT, sagittal, 283 CT, volume rendered, 265 Retinal artery, central, 80 Retinal tumor, 77 Retromandibular vein, 56, 57 Retroperitoneal disease, 152 Retroperitoneal hemorrhage, 222 Ribs, 164 CT coronal, 223, 277, 341 oblique axial, 163 volume rendered, 165, 247 eleventh, 277 first, 26, 336 CTA, 27, 337 fractures of, 160 joints between, 164-165 tenth, 246, 247 twelfth, 223 tubercles of, 164, 165 Right atrium, 186, 210 CT coronal, 183 volume rendered, 199 CTA, 187 Right coronary artery (RCA), 186 Right ventricle, 210, 211 Rima glottidis, 70, 71 Rotator cuff, 331 muscles of, 325, 334 See also specific rotator cuff muscles tendinitis, 344 Rotatores cervicis muscles, 146, 147 Round ligament of liver, 195, 219 of pelvis, 288-289 CT, axial, 289 lipomas of, 288 Rugae, gastric, 238 CT, oblique, 237 in upper GI exam, 239 S Saccule, 89 Sacroiliac joint (SIJ), 129 Sacrum, 128-129 ala of, 128, 129 auricular surface of, 128, 129 canal of, 128, 129 cornu of, 128, 129 CT, 127, 129 first vertebra of, 290 lumbarization of, 123 MRI, sagittal, 291 hiatus of, 128, 129 insufficiency fracture of, 129 median crest of, 128, 129 MRI, coronal, 147 posterior foramina of, 128, 129 Saddle joint, 381 Salivary calculi, 62 Salivary glands, 62-63 See also specific glands tumors of, 61 Salpingopharyngeus muscle, 87 Santorini, duct of, 245 Saphenous veins, 390-391 CT, volume rendered, 391, 403 long (great), 390, 391, 403 short (small), 390, 391 Sartorius muscle, 300, 412 MRI, axial, 413 MRI, coronal, 401 Scalene muscles, 20, 24-25 anterior, 20, 24, 25, 342 CT, volume rendered, 21, 25 middle, 20, 24, 25 origin and insertion of, 25 posterior, 20, 24, 25 Scalene triangle, 24 Scaphocapitate ligament, 377 Index Scaphoid bone, 357, 366, 368 area on radius for, 356 CT, volume rendered, 367 dorsal groove of, 373 fracture of, 368, 380 MRI, coronal, 369 Scapholunate ligament, 369 Scapula, 162 CT oblique axial, 163 oblique sagittal, 339 volume rendered, 121 spine of, 338, 339 Scarpa’s fascia, 313 Sciatica, 134 Sciatic foramen, greater, 407 CTA, volume rendered, 317 Sciatic nerve, 406-407, 410, 412 common fibular division of, 413 gluteal region, 408-409 injury to, 406 irritation of, 408 MRI, axial, 407, 409 tibial part of, 405 Sciatic notch, greater, 286, 287 Scoliosis, 144 Sella turcica, 4, Semicircular canals, 88 anterior, 82, 88, 89 CT, coronal, 83, 109 lateral, 88, 89, 106, 107 MRI axial, 107 oblique coronal, 89 posterior, 88, 89 Semilunar cusps, 192, 193 Semimembranosus muscle, 412, 413 strain of, 412 Seminal vesicles, 302-303 Semispinalis capitis muscle, 148-149 Semispinalis cervicis muscle, 148, 149 Semispinalis muscles, 147 Semispinalis thoracis muscles, 146 Semitendinosus muscle, 412, 413 Sensory neurons, cell bodies, 136 Septal cartilage, 34, 35 Serratus anterior muscle, 162, 163 Sesamoid bones, 438 CT, volume rendered, 367, 429 medial, 428, 429 471 Shoulder anterior view of, 322-323, 330-331 biceps tendon in, 328-329 dislocations of, 327, 335 glenoid fossa of, 324-325 MR arthrogram axial, 323, 335 coronal, 329 sagittal, 331 MRI coronal, 335 oblique coronal, 327, 333 muscles of anterior, 340 origins and insertions of, 322 oblique parasagittal view of, 338 posterior view of, 332 sagittal view of, 330-331 supraspinatus in, 326-327 Sialogram, 61 Sialolithiasis, 63 Sigmoid colon, 230, 262, 290 coronal view of, 308 CT coronal, 263 oblique coronal, 231 MRI, sagittal, 291 Sigmoid sinus, 92, 93 Singultus, 168 Sinuses cerebral, 92-93, 96-97 cavernous, 94-95 confluence of, 96, 97 hypoplasia of, 92 inferior sagittal, 92 MRA, 93 MRI, sagittal, 97 sigmoid, 92, 93 straight, 92, 93, 96, 97 superior sagittal, 90-91, 92, 93, 96 transverse, 92, 93, 148 coronary, 186, 187 ethmoid CT, coronal, 47 MRI, axial, 81 frontal, 38, 46 CT, oblique sagittal, 39 CT, volume rendered, 47 lactiferous, 156 maxillary, 40, 46-47 472 Sinuses (Continued) CT, coronal, 47 CT, oblique coronal, 73 MRI, axial, 41 MRI, sagittal, 53, 77 paranasal, 40-41 axial view of, 44 CT, axial, 45 CT, coronal, 47 CT, sagittal, 35 CT, volume rendered, 33 sphenoid See Sphenoid sinus Sinusitis, 45 Sinusoids, liver, 242 Skull basal view of, 2-3 base, CT, volume rendered, foramina, 2, 3, 4, interior view of, 4-5 Small bowel, 282 arteries of, 254-255 CT coronal, 259 oblique coronal, 231 sagittal, 283 lymph vessels and nodes of, 260 veins of, 258-259 Snapping finger, 384 Soft palate, 36-37, 64 MRI, sagittal, 65 Soleus muscle, 422, 423 Sphenoethmoidal recess, 45 Sphenoid, greater wing of, 44, 45 Sphenoid sinus, 32, 34, 36, 44-45, 94 CT coronal, 83 sagittal, 35, 37 volume rendered, 33 MRI coronal, 95 sagittal, 117 Sphincter of Oddi, 244, 245 Sphincters anal See Anal sphincter muscles lower esophageal, 206, 207 preprostatic, 303 vaginal, 299 Spinal accessory nerve (XI), 100, 101 Index Spinal cord MRI, axial, 19 veins of, 142 Spinal nerves CT myelography, 137 dorsal rootlets, 136, 137 lumbar, 134-135 MRI, coronal, 135 nerve roots, 136-137 S1, 134, 135 Spinal stenosis, 122, 132 Spinous processes, 142, 146, 164 lumbar, 122, 124 CT, oblique axial, 125 CT, volume rendered, 123 L4, 126 MRI, coronal, 147 thoracic CT, volume rendered, 121, 165 MRI, sagittal, 133 T7, 120, 121 T11, 133 Spleen, 232, 234, 258 accessory, 247 CT coronal, 223, 259, 267 oblique coronal, 233 volume rendered, 169, 235, 247, 249 injury to, 246 in situ, 246-247 Splenic artery, 249, 247, 252 CTA, 269 CTA, volume rendered, 253 Splenic flexure of colon, 229, 246 Splenic vein, 246, 247, 258 CT, axial, 279 CT, coronal, 259 CT, volume rendered, 247 Spondylolisthesis, 123 Spondylophytes, cervical, 12, 13 Spondylosis, cervical, 12-13 Staghorn calculus, 277 Stellate ganglion, 110-111 Stem cells, 194 Sternocleidomastoid muscle, 20, 22, 30, 60, 62 CT, axial, 31, 63 CT, volume rendered, 21, 23, 25, 61 Sternohyoid muscle, 20 CT, volume rendered, 21, 23 Index Sternum, 160, 340 CT coronal, 341 volume rendered, 161 CTA, coronal, 167 Stomach, 204, 232, 234, 246, 254, 258, 282 body of, 236, 237 CT coronal, 259, 267 oblique, 237 oblique coronal, 233 oblique sagittal, 205 sagittal, 283 volume rendered, 235, 241, 247 CTA, coronal, 255 fundus of, 206, 236 in situ, 236-237 mucosa of, 238-239 orthotonic, 237 rugae of, 238 CT, oblique, 237 in upper GI exam, 239 variations of, 236 Straight sinus, 92, 96 MRA, 93 MRI, sagittal, 97 Strap muscles, 23 Stroke, 66, 112, 114 Styloglossus muscle, 56 Stylohyoid ligament, 6, Stylohyoid muscle, 56 Styloid process of radius, 354, 356, 366, 368, 373 CT, volume rendered, 355, 357, 367 MR arthrogram, coronal, 371 MRI, coronal, 369 of temporal bone, CT, coronal, 109 CT, volume rendered, of ulna, 354, 356, 362, 366, 355, 357, 363, 367 Stylopharyngeus muscle, 56 Subarachnoid space, 137 Subclavian artery, 15, 28, 336 CT, volume rendered, 25 CTA oblique sagittal, 27 volume rendered, 29 groove for, 170 473 Subclavian artery (Continued) left, 184, 202 CT, 171, 185 CTA, volume rendered, 203 right, 26-27, 184 thyrocervical trunk of, 26 CTA, oblique sagittal, 27 Subclavian vein, 180 CT, oblique axial, 181 puncture, 159 Subcostal groove, 140 Sublingual gland, 48, 62-63 Submandibular duct, 48, 60 Submandibular gland, 22, 48, 58, 60-61, 62-63 CT axial, 63 volume rendered, 23, 59, 61 MRI, axial, 49 Suboccipital nerve, 151 Suboccipital triangle, 17, 150-151 Subphrenic abscess, 232 Subphrenic recess, 232, 233 Subscapular artery, 336, 337 Subscapularis muscle, 325, 334-335, 338 CT, oblique sagittal, 339 insertion of, 335 MR arthrogram, axial, 335 MRI, coronal, 335 tears of, 334 Subscapularis tendon, 324, 330 MR arthrogram axial, 335 sagittal, 325, 331 tear of, 324 Subtalar joint, 428, 429 Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve, 424, 425 Superior fornix, orbit, 77 Superior gluteal artery, 316, 317 Superior gluteal nerve, 411 Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tear, 322 Superior mesenteric artery, 226, 240, 252, 254, 256, 258, 262, 264, 270, 278, 282 CT axial, 279 coronal, 259 oblique axial, 257 Index 474 Superior mesenteric artery (Continued) oblique coronal, 233 sagittal, 283 volume rendered, 241 CTA, 269 coronal, 255 volume rendered, 253 MRA, coronal, 227 vasa recta of, 233 Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, 282 Superior mesenteric vein, 230, 258, 264, 278 CT, coronal, 259, 263 CT, volume rendered, 241 Superior oblique muscle, 74, 78-79 CT, oblique, 79 MRI, coronal, 75 paralysis of, 79 Superior oblique tendon, 78-79 Superior rectus muscle, 74, 76 MRI, coronal, 75 MRI, sagittal, 77 Superior sagittal sinus, 90-91, 92, 96 MRA, 93 MRI axial, 91 coronal, 91 sagittal, 97 Superior tarsal muscle of Müller, 74 Superior thyroid artery, 28, 29 Superior vena cava (SVC), 176, 182, 198, 200 compression of, 203 CT, 177 coronal, 183 oblique, 201 oblique sagittal, 205 volume rendered, 199 obstruction of, 201 Supinator muscle, 345 Supraclavicular nerves, 169 Supraglenoid tubercle, 322, 324 arthrogram, axial, 323 Suprapubic cystotomy, 220 Suprarenal glands See Adrenal glands Supraspinatus muscle, 325, 326-327, 328, 332 MRI arthrogram, coronal, 329 Supraspinatus muscle (Continued) oblique coronal, 327, 333 tear of, 324 Supraspinatus tendon, 324, 326, 330 impingement of, 329 injury to, 326 MRI arthrogram, sagittal, 325, 331 oblique coronal, 327 Suspensory ligaments of breast, 156, 157 of duodenum, 233 in mammogram, 157 Sustentaculum tali, 428 CT, volume rendered, 429 MRI, oblique, 433 Sympathetic trunk, cervical, trauma to, 111 Syringocele, 292 T Taenia coli, 257 Talocalcaneal coalition, 433 Talus bone, 426, 434 CT, volume rendered, 427 MRI coronal, 435 oblique, 433 Tarsal sinus, 426, 427 Tarsal sinus syndrome, 426 Tarsal tunnel, 432-433 Taste buds, 56 Tectal (quadrigeminal) plate, 102, 103 Teeth, maxillary, 46 Temporal artery, superficial, 66 CT, volume rendered, 51 CTA, volume rendered, 67 Temporal bone, 83 Temporalis muscle, 50 CT, volume rendered, 51 MRI, axial, 105 Temporal lobe, 44 MRI, oblique coronal, 89 Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), 50, 52-53 articular disk of, 54 CT, volume rendered, 55 dislocation of, 52 MRI, sagittal, 53 Tendinosis, 361 Tennis elbow, 358, 359 Index Tensor fascia latae muscle, 313, 411 Tensor veli palatini muscle, 87 Teres major muscle, 332, 333, 337 Teres minor muscle, 325, 333 Teres minor tendon, 324, 325 Testes, 306-307 arteries and veins of, 314 MRI, coronal, 301 ultrasound of, 307 Thalamus, 98, 99 Thighs See also specific structures anterior, 300, 401, 402-403 arteries of, 392-393 axial sections through, 412-413 CT, volume rendered, 403 MRI axial, 413 coronal, 401 posterior, 406, 408-409 Third ventricle, 103 Thoracic artery, internal, 26, 166-167 CTA, coronal, 167 CTA, oblique sagittal, 27 Thoracic duct, 178, 180-181, 260 CT, oblique axial, 181 Thoracic inlet, 181 Thoracic outlet syndrome, 24 Thoracic spine CT, volume rendered, 121, 165, 229 fractures of, 120 MRI, sagittal, 133 posterior view of, 120-121 T7 spinous process, 120 T12, 229 Thoracic veins CTA, coronal, 167 internal, 166, 167, 201, 218, 219 lateral, 219 Thoracoacromial artery, 336, 337 Thoracoepigastric vein, 218, 219 Thoracolumbar spine CT, coronal, 223 herniation in, 131 MRI, sagittal, 131 Thorax, 160-161 CT, 173, 175, 201 Thrombosis cerebral venous, 96 leg, CT for, 403 venous sinus, 90 475 Thumb, carpometacarpal joint of, 365 Thymus, 180 Thyrocervical trunk, 26, 28 branches of, 27 CTA oblique sagittal, 27 volume rendered, 29 Thyrohyoid muscle, 22 Thyroid cartilage, 70, 71 Thyroid gland, 68-69 axial section of, 30-31 CT axial, 31 coronal, volume rendered, 69 CTA, volume rendered, 29 isthmus of, 68, 69 lobes of, 31, 68, 69 Thyroid ima artery, 69 Thyroid tissue, ectopic, 68 Thyroid veins, 69 Tibia fracture of, 435 MRI axial, 425 coronal, 417 spines of, 417 tubercles, 417 Tibial artery anterior, 392, 393 CTA, 393 posterior, 392, 393 Tibial collateral ligament, 414 Tibial-fibular joint, 425 Tibialis posterior muscle, 423 Tibialis posterior tendon, 435 Tibial nerve, 432 Tibiocalcaneal ligament, 435 Tibionavicular ligament, 435 Tibiotalar ligament, 435 Tinnitus, 82 Tongue, 36, 55-57 bites, lateral, 59 coronal section of, 58-59 CT axial, 63 sagittal, 37 volume rendered, 55, 59 innervation of, 108, 109 intrinsic, 58, 59 lacerations of, 58 Index 476 Tongue (Continued) MRI, axial, 49, 57 piercing, 57 Torticollis, congenital, 20 Torus tubarius, 40, 41 Trachea, 22, 30, 64, 178, 180, 198 compression of, 203 CT axial, 31 coronal, 179 oblique axial, 181 volume rendered, 199 MRI axial, 111 sagittal, 65 Tracheobronchial nodes, inferior, 178, 179 Tracheostomy, 22 Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), 302 zonal differentiation in, 305 Transverse carpal ligament, 376 Transverse interfascicular septum, 433 Transverse ligament of atlas, 18 MRI, axial, 19 of hip, MR arthrogram, 395 Transverse mesocolon, 256 Transverse processes of atlas (C1), 16, 17 cervical, 24 CTA, volume rendered, 17, 123 lumbar, 122, 123, 124 Transverse sinus, 92 MRA, 93 semispinalis capitis and, 148 Transversospinalis muscle group, 147 Transversus abdominis muscle, 144, 153, 216, 222, 224 aponeurosis of, 221 CT axial, 217 coronal, 145, 223 oblique, 275 Trapezium, 364, 365, 370, 373, 374, 376, 380 CT, volume rendered, 365, 381 MRI arthrogram, coronal, 371 axial, 375, 377 coronal, 379 Trapezius muscle, 148, 150 CT, coronal, 149, 151 CT, volume rendered, 151 Trapezoid, 376, 377 Treitz, ligament of, 233 Triad of O’Donoghue, 415 Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFC), 368, 369 Triangular space, 332-333 Triceps brachii muscle, long head of, 325, 332 MRI, coronal oblique, 333 Tricuspid valve, 192 Trigeminal nerve mandibular branch (V3), 3, 55 maxillary branch (V2), 38, 94 ophthalmic branch (V1), 94 MRI, coronal, 95 Trigger finger, 384 Trimalleolar fracture, 435 Triquetrocapitate ligament, 377 Triquetrum, 357, 368, 373 MRI, coronal, 369 Trochlea, 78, 79 Trochlear nerve (IV), 94 lesion of, 79 MRI, coronal, 95 paralysis of, 78 Trochlear notch, ulna, 354, 355 Tubal ligation, 294 Tumors mediastinal, 198 pituitary, 116 retinal, 77 salivary gland, 61 Tympanic cavity, 86-87 Tympanic membrane, 87 U Ulcers, gastric, 238 Ulna, 344, 354-355 coronoid process of, 347 distal, 356-357 MRI, 345 radial notch of, 354, 356 CT, volume rendered, 357 styloid process of, 354, 355, 356, 357, 362, 363, 366, 367 supinator crest of, 347 Index Ulna (Continued) trochlear notch of, 354, 355 tuberosity of, 345 Ulnar artery, 376, 377 Ulnar canal, 377, 378 Ulnar collateral ligament, 346 MRI axial, 353 coronal, 347, 361 rupture of, 346 tears of, 383 Ulnar nerve, 350-351, 352, 374, 376, 378 compression of, 350, 351, 352, 377 deep branch of, 378 dorsal branch of, 378 injury to, 378 MRI axial, 351, 375 coronal, 379 palmar branch of, 378 superficial branch of, 378 at wrist, 378-379 Ulnocarpal ligaments, 370, 371 Ultrasound See also specific structures obstetric, 195 and pelvic pain, 296 transrectal, 302, 305 Umbilical arteries, 194, 195 Umbilical cord, 194-195 Umbilical hernias, 228 Umbilical region, 228, 229 Umbilical veins, 194, 195 Umbilicus, 282, 283 Uncinate process cervical, CT, volume rendered, 13 pancreatic, 241 Uncovertebral joints (of Luschka), 12, 13 Ureters, 272, 274, 276-277, 288, 314-315 calculus in, 315 CT coronal, 315 oblique, 275 injury to, 274, 314 pelvic aspect of, 274-275 in urogram, 273 Urethra, male, 300, 301 coronal section of, 304-305 MRI, coronal, 305 477 Urinary bladder, 220, 274, 276-277, 288, 290, 292, 294, 302-303, 314 coronal section of, 292-293, 304-305 CT axial oblique, 221 coronal, 225, 315 oblique, 275 MRI coronal, 293, 295, 305 sagittal, 291 reflux into, 303 ultrasound, 297 vesiculography, 303 Urogram, 273 Uterine (fallopian) tube, 294-295 Uterus, 288, 294-295 and adnexa, 296-297 body of, 290, 294, 296 MRI, coronal, 295 MRI, sagittal, 291 ultrasound of, 297 CT, axial, 289 fundus of, MRI, coronal, 295 ultrasound of, 195 Utricle, 89 Uvula, 36, 37 Uvulopalatoplasty, 36 V Vagal plexus, 204 Vagina, 290 CT, oblique axial, 299 lesions of, 298 MRI, sagittal, 291 opening of, 298, 299 sphincter of, 299 Vagotomy, 204 Vagus nerve (X), 30, 57, 100-101, 205 CT, axial, 31 MRI, axial, 101 Varicosity of abdominal veins, 218 of superficial leg veins, 390 Vasa rectae, 254 CT, oblique coronal, 233 CTA, coronal, 255 Vasopressin, 117 Vastus lateralis muscle, 300 Index 478 Vastus medialis muscle, 300, 402 CT, volume rendered, 403 Vater, ampulla of, 244, 245 Veins See specific veins Venous plexuses, vertebral, 142-143 Venous sinus See also Sinuses, cerebral hypoplasia of, 92 thrombosis, 90 Ventricles brain fourth, 102, 103 lateral, 98, 99 MRI, axial, 99 MRI, sagittal, 103 third, 103 heart CT, coronal, 183 CTA, axial, 211 CTA, sagittal, 211 hypertrophy of, 182 left, 182, 183, 190-191, 210, 211 right, 182, 210, 211 Vermiform appendix, 230, 231 Vertebrae See also Cervical spine; Lumbar spine; Thoracic spine arch, posterior, 132 body of, 142, 152 joints between, 164-165 lumbar, 122 CT, 127 CT, volume rendered, 123, 235 CT myelogram, axial, 139 fractures of, 126 L1, 139, 234, 235 L2, 124 L4, 126, 127, 134, 135 ligaments of, 130-131 MRI, coronal, 135 MRI, sagittal, 139 oblique section at, 234 thoracic fractures of, 120 MRI, sagittal, 131, 133 T12, 131, 133 Vertebral artery, 14-15, 110, 112, 150 in atlas, 16-17 CT, volume rendered, 151 CTA, volume rendered, 15, 17, 67 dissection of, 14 lateral view of, 14 Vertebral artery (Continued) MRA, 113 MRI, axial, 101 Vertebral column, veins of, 142 Vertebral disk See Intervertebral disk Vertebral foramen See Intervertebral foramen Vertebral venous plexuses, 142-143 Vertigo, 88, 107 Vesical arteries, superior, 195 Vestibular window, 83, 88 Vestibule bony labyrinth, 88 ear, 82 CT, coronal, 83 mouth, 56 Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), 106-107 Vidian nerve, 39 Visual field deficits, 104 Vocal fold, 70, 71 Volar plate, MRI, lateral, 387 Vomer, 34, 35 Vomerine groove, 34, 35 W Wharton’s duct, 48, 60 White matter, 99 Wilkie’s syndrome, 282 Willis, circle of, 115 Winslow, epiploic foramen of, 234, 235, 250 Wirsung, pancreatic duct of, 244, 245 Wrist bones of, 368-369, 380-381 carpal tunnel of, 374-377 coronal section of, 368 CT, volume rendered, 357, 363, 365, 367, 381 dorsal ligaments of, 372-373 extensor muscles of, 362-363 flexor muscles of, 364-365 fractures of, 356 joints of, 368-369 MRI arthrogram, 371, 373 coronal, 369 palmar ligaments of, 370-371 palmar view of, 364, 366 ulnar nerve in, 378-379 Index Wrist drop, 362, 385 Wryneck, 20 X Xiphoid process, 160, 161 479 Z Zona orbicularis, 394, 395 Zygapophyseal joints See Facet joints Zygomatic arch, 60, 61 Zygomaticus major muscle, 50, 51 ... to the 12th rib and thereby can act as an accessory respiratory muscle by allowing the diaphragm to exert greater downward force by preventing upward movement of the 12th rib Abdomen 22 3 4 Psoas... longer vein compared to the right Abdomen 22 7 4 Abdominal Regions Right and left lateral rectus (semilunar) planes Left and right midclavicular lines T 12 L1 10 L2 L3 Transverse colon Transpyloric plane... edition, Plate 24 2) The umbilical region remains a region of abdominal muscle weakness after birth, and umbilical or paraumbilical hernias can develop at any age Clinical Note 22 8 Abdomen Abdominal