Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Chuyên đề Nghiên cứu một số giao thức định tuyến điển hình trong mạng cảm biến không dây wireless sensor network (WSN) giới thiệu tổng quan về mạng cảm biến không dây, giao thức và các phương pháp định tuyến trong mạng với những ưu và nhược điểm để có thể hiểu rõ hơn về mạng cảm biến đưa ra sự lựa chọn sáng suốt phù hợp với ứng dụng của mạng để được tối ưu nhất. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
.El BQ GL&O DVC VA DAO TAO TRUtING HAI HQC THANG LONG —o0o- CHUYEN BE TOT NGHIEP DE TAI: NGHIEN CtiU MOT SO CIAO THUG DINH TUYEN DIEN HINH TRONG MEM CAM BIEN KHONG DAY WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) Gilo vien hutng din : Th.S Mang Tiling minh Sinh vien thyt hit'n : Ngo VG Timg MA sink vien : A13050 HA NQI - 2013 Li' 'Li Myc Luc Danh muc hinh anh Danh mitc bang bieu Uri noi dau Chu giai thuat ngt1 va via tit 4 Chuang 1: TOng quan ye mang cam bien kh8ng day 1.1 Gieri thieu chung ye mpg cam bien thong day 1.2 Cau frac mang cam bien thong day 1.2.1 Cac yeu to anh huang den cau tnic mans cam bien khong clay 1.2.2 Kien tnic giao thirc mang 14 1.2.3 Cac cau trk dac thing cita mpg aim bien thong dly 16 1.3 ling dung cita mang cam bien khang day 20 1.3.1 l'ing dung quart dpi 21 1.3.2 ling dung mai tnrbng 23 1.3.3 l'ing dung chilm sec stem khee 24 1.3.4 ring dung gia dinh 25 1.4 Ket luan chtrcmg I 25 Chuang 2: Cac phucmg phip djnh tuyin riming cam bien kh8ng day 26 2.1 Gioi thieu chung 26 2.2 NhOng thich thirc ve djnh tuyen mpg cam bien thong day 26 2.3 Ck van de ya thiet ke giao thin djnh tuyen 27 2.3.1 Dec tinh thay doff thei gian vi trat to sip xep cita mang 27 2.3.2 Rang buOc ye tai nguyen 27 2.3.3 M8 hinh dit lieu mang cam bien thong day 27 2.3.4 Cach truyen ditlieu 28 2.4 Phan loci va so sank cac giao thin djnh tuyen mang cam bien thong day 29 2.5 Giao thirc tam dO lieu 32 2.5.1 Flooding va Gossiping 32 2.5.2 SPIN 34 2.5.3 Directed Diffusion 36 2.6 Giao thtic phan cap 39 2.6.1 LEACH 2.6.2 PEGASIS 2.6.3 ARPEES 2.7 Giao thfrc dva tren vi tri 2.7.1 GAF(Global Assessment of Functioning) 2.7.2 GEAR 2.8 Ket lufin chucmg II Chuang 3: Tim hieu each host dOng cfia giao thee djnh tuyen ARPEES 3.1 Pha thinhl#p cum vi thuol twin Iva chip gun tnreng: 3.2 Pha thu th#p de lieu 3.2.1 Thu th(ip de lieu ben gun 3.2.2 Thvc hien thu thop de lieu 3.2.3 Lira chip nut chuyen flip vi hlnh tuyen throng Ket Lu4n Tii lieu tham lditio 39 42 43 45 45 47 49 50 50 52 52 53 53 56 57 Danh muc hinh anh Hinh 1.1: Cau tree mang cam bien khong day Hinh 1.2: CAu 40 nut cam bien Hinh 1.3: Kin tree giao thirc mang cam bien kheng day Hinh 1.4: CAu tnic phing curt mang cam bien khong day Hinh 1.5: CL true tang cira mang cam bien khOng day Hinh 1.6: Ceu tnic mang phan cep eh& nang theo 16p Binh 1.7: yang dung quail diji Hinh 1.8: Lang dung mei tnrevng Hinh 1.9: ling dung cham the set khoe Hinh 2.1: MO hinh truyen dO lieu gifts sink vi cac nut Hinh 2.2: Truyen gel Flooding Hinh 2.3: Ba tin hieu bat tay elm SPIN Hinh 2.4: Hoot dOng dui SPIN Hinh 2.5: Hoat dOng ca ban dui Directed Diffusion Hinh 2.6: M6 hinh man, LEACH Hinh 2.7: Qua trinh thief leap nut & Qua trinh en (hob Hinh 2.8: Vi du ye Wei lo GAF Hinh 2.9: Sr chuien trang thai GAF Hinh 2.10: Chuyen tiep dja quy GEAR Hinh 3.1: Lau de cira trang thai thin nhet Hinh 3.2: Hinh thinh gun dua tren sir lden vi thuat loin lua chip gun throng Hinh 3.3: Lim de cea giao thirc ARPEES pha the hai Is, a 10 11 15 17 17 18 21 23 24 29 33 34 35 38 40 41 46 46 48 51 51 55 Danh muc bang bieu Bang 2.1: Phan lo3i va so sanh met se giao they chip diking WSN Bang 2.2: Mieu to interest se dung the cap thuOc tinh- gia hi 32 37 Loi not diu Trong vai nam gAn day mang cam bien khling day (Wireless Sensor Network - WSN) dA tr6 nen rat quan tong diri song hang Bat dau phat trien Nisei cac cmg dung quan den, gib day mang cam bien duqc sir dung rat nhieu link Arc khic nhu: Gam sat moi truirng, chain sec sirs kh6e, ngoi nhe thong minh hay dieu khien giao thong Wri se hei to cua cong nghe ky thu3t vi dien tir, ding ngh'e mach tich hq?, casing ngh'e cam bien va xir 15r tin hieu dA tao nheng thiet bj cam bien rat nho, da chec nang von gia thap dA lam tang kha nang ung dung dm mpg cam bien kh8ng day Hien mang cam bien khong day dang duqc eng dung rat reing rAi cac qui& gia co nen khoa hqc phat trien nhu x49, Nhot, Chau Au Mang cam bien kh6ng day la met cong nghe mei, da duqc cac nuec co nen khoa hoc phat trien nghien ctiu trien khai rOng rai va di thu duqc nhieu teu Tuy nhien Viet Nam, cong nghe chi dang duqc nghien ciru vi trien khai nheng filth vuc va quy m6 nh6, song von nheng tin diem va kha nang Wang thich cao nen tuang lai, ding nghe mang cam bien prong day se duqc eng dung rOng rAi nhieu lienh virc khic cua cuOc song , Trong nOi dung tai lieu em se giai thieu tong quan ve mang cam bien khong day Giao that va cac phucmg phip djnh tuyen tong mang von nhihig tin va nhuqc diem de c6 the hieu r8 han ve mang cam bien dua se lea chqn sang St phi' hqp v6i img dung dm mang de duqc tOi uu nhAt Em xin chin thimh cam an se giep der tea tit Hoing Trong Minh, se Wong can vi gerp $r cua thAy dA gulp em hoan de tai Chti giii thu#t ngir va viet tit Tir viet tit AOA Nghia tieng anh Angle Of Arrival Nghia tie.ng viet Gesc tai AHLoS Adhoc Localization System Hg thong djnh vj ad hoc CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access Da truy cop phan chia theo ma so Da truy nhop cam bien song mang GAF Geographic Adjustment FactoR GPS Global Positioning System He thong djnh vj toan au IP Internet Protocol Giao thtic intemet LEACH Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Lightweight Time Synchronization protocol Phan cal nhOm thich ung ding suat thap Giao thirc deng lx") gitra ben phat va ben nhan Dieu lchien truy nhap truyen thong LTS MAC PLF QoS RBS RF RSSI SPIN Medium Access Control Perceptive Localization Framework Quality of Service Chit ltrong djch vo Reference Broadcast Synchronization Radio Frequency Thing b0 gang bfi tham chieu Tin so v8 tuyen Receiver Signal Strength Indicator Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation Nhen tin hieu cueing des Giao tithe djnh tuyen bit tay thong tin cam bien TDMA TDOA Time Difference Of Arrival Da truy nhop phan chia then then gian Chenh Lech thin gian den TOA Time Of Arrival Thin gian den UTC Coordinated Universal Time WSN Wireless Sensor Network Thai gian ph6i hqp town A cau Mang cam bien khong day Time Division Multiple Access Chuang 1: TOng quan ve mang cam bien khong day 1.1 Gial thieu chung ve mang cam bien khong day Trong nhang nam gin day, rat nhieu mpg cam bien khong day (Wireless Sensor Network - WSN) di va Bang dirqc phat trier va trien khai cho nhieu cac img dung khk nhu: theo doi sy thay di cua m8i tnrong , han, giam sat cac mat trap quan sir, phat hien va tham viec tan cong bing hat nhan, sinh hoc va hofi hoc, chuin doin sy hong h6c cua may m6c, thiet bi, theo diu va giam sat cac bac sy, benh nhan ding nhu quan 19 thuoc cac benh vien, theo doi va dieu khien giao th8ng, cac phuong tien xe c0 Hon nem v6i sy tien bq cong nghe gin day va hOi etv cim he thing cac cong nghe nhu ky thot vi din cong nghe nano, giao tiep khong day, cong nghe mach tich hqp, vi mach phan cam bien, xir 19 va tinh town tin hiey da tao nhihig cam bien c6 kich think nho, da chirc rang, gia thap, cong suit tieu thy thip, lam tang lcha nang ung dung rung Si mia mang cam bien khong day Mat mang cam Min kh6ng day (Wireless Sensor Network — WSN) la mat ?wing bao gam nhieu node cam bien nho lien kit voi bang song vo tuyen Ccic node la nhQng ,thiet bi don gicin, nho gon, co gici va tieu thy it nang lumg, giao tiep thong qua cac kit not khong day, co nhiem 114 cam nhan, (lac, tinh toe; nham myc dich thu them, tap trung die lieu de chta cac quyet dinh town cac ye m6i ending ttt nhien Nheng nut cam bien nho be bao gam cac thinh phlin: Cac 1,1) vi xir 19 rat nho, b0 nhe gith han, b0 phin cam bien, bq thu phat khong day, nguen nuoi Kich thuec cua cac cam bien thay doi tir to nhu hOp giay cho den nho nhu hat bui, thuOc vao timg img dung Khi nghien thu ve mang cam bien kh8ng day, met nhiing dic diem quan va then ch8t de la than gian sting dm cac cam bien hay chinh sy giei han ye nfing luqng cim chung Cac net cam bien you au tiOu thy cong swat thip Cfic net cam bien host dOng co gi6i han va not chung la khong the thay the duqc nguon cung cap Do do, mang truyen thong tap trung vao dat &ITN cac dich vy chat lirqng cao, thi cac giao thirc mang cam bien phai tip trung dau tien vao bao toan cong suit Mang cim bien cO mdt so dkic diem sau: - CO kha nang ttr t6 chirc, yeu call it hoOc killing co su can thiep cila nguiri - Truyen thong khong tin coy, quang ba pham vi hcp va djnh tuyen multihop - Trial khai day clic va kha fling ket hqp gitra cac mit cam bien Cau hinh mang thay doi thuiyng xuyen phu thuOc vao fading va hu h6ng br cac nut Cac gieri hart ve rnOt nang luqng, cong suit phat, b0 nher va cong suet tinh town - Chinh nhOng dOc tinh di dua nfring chitin luqc maxi va nhemg you cau thay dSi thief ke mang cam bien 1.2 CAu trtic mang cam bien khong dily 1.2.1 Ck yeu to inh hwerng den du frac mang cim bien khang day Cac cau tnic hien cho mpg Internet va mpg ad hoc Ichong day kh8ng dung duqc cho mang cam bien khong day, mOt so 15, sau: - SS luqng cac nut cam bien mang cam bien co the len gip nhieu lin so luorng nut mang ad hoc - Cac nut cam toren de bj lOi - Ciu tritc mang cam bien thay doi kha thuong zuyen - Cac nut cam bien chit yeu sir dung truyen thong lcieu quang bi, hitt cac mang ad hoc deu dui tren viec truyen diem - diem - Cac nut cam bien bj gieri hart ve !ling luqng, kha nang tinh town va be nher - Cac nut cam bien co the kh8ng co s6 nhon ding toan ceu (global identification) (ID) vi chimg co mOt s6 luqng len mao din va mOt so luqng lern cac net cam bien Do vay, cau true mang mei se: - Ket hop yin a nang Itrong va kha fling dinh tuyen - Tich hop der lieu vi giao thirc mang - Truyen nang lugng hieu qui qua cac phtrong tien kung day - Chia se nhiem vµ gifra cac nut lan Cac nut cam bien duqc phan bS met sensor field nhir t hinh (1.1) MOi met nut cam bien c6 kha nang thu thop der va (Unit tuyen lai den cac sink o S), mrInternet & Ve tinh -s-r< Node quail 19 tic vg Nguin sir dung o c D C B • •A Tnrbna cam ban Cac node cam bleu Hinh 1.1: Cdu Ink mgng cam ban kung day ve Da lieu &roc dinh tuyen lai den cac sink Sri met an true da diem nhu hinh tren Cac sink c6 the giao tiep vei cac nut quan 19 nhiem vu (task manager node) qua mpg Internet hoc ve tinh Sink la met thuc the, tai thong tin dirge you cau Sink c6 the la thyt the ben mang (la met nut cam bien) hoc ngoai mang Thuc the ngoai mang co the la mot thiet bi thgc su vi du nhu may tinh xich tay ma tucmg tac vei mang cam bien, hoc ding don than chi la met gateway ma not vei mang khac len nhu Internet not ma cac you cau thgc sir doi vei cac thong tin lay tir met vai nut cam bien mpg tang that tir yang den yang tier, theo c6 the duqc kin% tao bin viec dua dau hieu cong suit cao beri sink Viec quay Wing nut chit chu6i nham dam bao Gong bang ti'eu thy nang luqng giira cac net mang Tuy nhien cling can chit y rang viec thay &Si co din den nut chit rin xa tram ca sec, sink, nut lai can yeu cau ding suit cao ae truyen den tram ca so Viec tap trung dir lieu tnang dac theo chuOi Din tien chain leader se gut mgt tin hieu eci nut can cling ben phai cueri chugi ; Trong nhon dirge tin hieu nut cuoi se gin dir lieu no thu ltrqm duqc den nut lan can theo chieu xu8i chuei, sau not top trung dir g lieu va lai tiep tuc guff den nut lin can gin no nhat, cir nhu vOy cho den giri den nut chit Sau nut chit se lai tap trung dir lieu va gin den sink MOc dit don gian nhung m8 hinh tap trung clang chuei de gay tre truck de lieu tap trung duqc truyen den sink MOt phuang phap ae giam dO tree la tap trung du lieu song song duc theo churn, va se tang giam nhieu han neu cac nut dugc trang bi b0 thu phat sir dung CDMA Dung PEGASIS se giii quyet dugc yin de ve mac) dau gay beri viec hinh thinh cac cum dOng LEACH va giant dirge s6 lan truyen va nhonbang viec tap hqp au lieu Tuy nhien PEGASIS lai co tre throng truyen Ian , veri cac nut xa chtnii Han nita nut chinh c6 the xay hien tugng that c8 chai 2.6.3 ARPEES ARPEES (adaptive routing protocol with energy efficiency and event clustering for wireless sensor networks), Net dOc trung thiet ke giao thirc ARPEES la dap ling thich nghi giita tot uu hoa nang luqng,phan cum theo sir kien, va truyen tai da nut Mix tieu cua giao thirc la tim tuyen clueing truyen tai ten tin cho du lieu da duct tap hqp teri tram goc c6 tinh den quan he tradeoff gala luqng nang lugng lai(tOi tm h6a) cita nut chuyen giao va khoing each tir nut chuyen giao teri tram gific(tuyen clueing ngin nhat) Nang lugng va khoing each dirge dung lam tham so cho viec lea chip tuyen clueing truyen tai.Cfic thong so chi phi dm giao thirc nhu sau: myc tieu IA giam tieu thy Wang luqng - Nang luqng tieu thy va can bang a cac nut c6 phAn nang lug► du tit thAp ham bang cach phan tan nang luqng tieu thy cho viec tap hqp,thu thap &Tr lieu, truyen tai cho cac nut khac - Cach tiep can gong va phan tan: xay dyng thuot town phan cum phial) tan theo yeu cau,trong cac thong so duqc cam bien cita sir kien hay doi tucyrig duqc sir dyng de phan clan Met nut co the dua quyet dinh ma kh6ng can co sir dieu khi'En tap trung Veri phtrcmg thirc phan cym dOng theo sr kien, cac cym duqc tao thinh dva tren (ha diem va thin gian sr kien xay moi throng Do do, kich thuerc cua phAn hog dang mang se bien thien va so luqng cym kh8ng phy thuOc vio s8 luqng cac nut mang Them vio de, phuang thirc glop tiet kiem rang luqng beri chi met plan cua mang duqc kich hog phan ung lai met sir - Tuy'en clueing tOi uu: so luqng cac nut trung gian tren duerng truyen hoac chi phi lien ket duqc sir dyng lam thong so chi phi de chon tuyen duemg tEi uu kha nang co nghia giao thirc co ;chi nang dap - KM hang thich img tot cho cac img dyng lem yeti sv thay doi nhanh cua topo mpg chong lai lei lien ket viec them vio cac nut mei thay the cho cac nut thi khong nen anh huemg den mang dang hog dOng - Kiem soat overhead: giao thirc phai tOi thieu boa cac trao dEi dieu IchiEn can thiEt cho viec phan cym, Iva chon cym tracing va xir ly tren nut chuyen giao - TM uu h6a: thy& &rang Iva chon boi giao thirc co anh huemg tea hieu nang mang ve dO tre, hru luqng thrc va dO tier kiem nang luqng DE dat tEi uu hoa giao thirc can phai tinh toin tai nang luqng pin, 1)6 nher, bang thong 2.7 Giao that dip teen A tri Mvc tieu chinh cua giai e thuat dinh tuyen la dua vao cac thong tin v'e vi tri cita cac not cam hien de tim mOt throng di hieu qua den dich Loai dinh tuyen rat phu hqp yeti mane cam bien nai ma vied tap trung du lieu la k9 thuot him ich de giim thieu vied truyen bin tin den tram ca so bang, each loai b6 su du thira gicra cac gni den tir cac ,nguonkhic Loai dinh tuyen yeu eau sir tinh town va luqng dau truyen dart thap Ta se xem Jet mOt so giao that dinh tuyen dkr ► teen tri nhtr sau: 2.7.1 GAF(Global Assessment of Functioning) Giai thuat chinh xac theo dia 1$, (GAF) dua tren vi tri co hi'eu qui ve mat nang luqng dugc thiet ke chi yen cho cac mang Ad-Hoc di dOng, nhung ding c6 the tip dung cho mpg cam bien GAF khai that vied du thira du lieu mang bang cich coi mOt tap hqp cac nut man la tuung dating nhin tir giao thud lop tren GM chia vimg quan sat cac hinh vuong nho, bat 1c9 cac not nio hinh vuong ding deu c6 the giao tiep vo tuyen yeti bat 1(9 not nio n'am,trong hinh vuong ben canh.GAF du nil nang luting bang cich tit cac nut khong can thiet mang ma khong anh huifing den mirc di) chinh xac cua dinh tuyen N6 tao met huh ao cho vang bao phi* MIA nut &mg GPS cua no — vi tri xac dinh de ket hqp vai ding mot diem tren lir& ma duqc coi la toting dining e tinh den gia cita vied dinh tuyen gni Su ttnmg dating nhu vay dirge tan dung de gill cac nut (filth vi yang lath xac dinh trang thai nghi de net kigm nang luting Vi vay GAF co the tang ding ke thai gian song cua mang cam bien ma so twang cac nut tang len MOt vi du cu the duqc dua hinh (2.10) Trong hinh ye nay, not co the truyen den bat ki not nao so cac not 2, va va cac not 2, 3, co the truyen tat nut Do cac not 2, 3, va la tucmg dating va so nut co the trang thai nghi Cic nut chuyen trang thai tir nghi sang hoat dOng fan luqt de cho cac tai duqc can bang Co ba trang thai dugc dinh nghia GAF, li phit hien (discovery), de xac dinh cac nut e lan can hoat dOng (active), the hien su tham gia vio qui trinh Binh tuyen va nghi (sleep) song dugc tat di Su chuyen trang thai GAF dugc mieu to o hinh (2.11) Not nio nghi bao lau lien quan den cac thong so dirge dieu chinh qui trinh (Milt tuyen De dieu lchien di dOng, moi nut hien u6c down thei gian tai kited kith dia no va giri thong tin den not Ian can r r r C B A r r r r r r r Hinh 2.8: V' 414 he& ao GAF Cac not dang khong hoot ddng dieu chinh than gian nghi cua chting phit hgp cac thong tin nick duqc tir cac nut lan can de gift cho viec dinh tuyen duce chinh xac Tnrerc than gian ran khoi ltreri cua cac nut dang hoot deong qua hon, cac nut dang nghi thoit khoi tong thai va met so cac nut troy nen hoot dOng Nh4n bi'n tin phit hi4n tht clic nut cao hcrn Hinh 2.9: Sy chuydn trgng thai GAF GAF co gang gift mpg hoot dOng bang cach girt cho cac nut 0i dien luon a the dd hoot dOng mdi vimg a lueri ao dm no Cac ket qua mo phang da chi rang GAF thgc hien toi thieu se duqc nhu giao thirc djnh tuyen mon Ad-Hoc thong thuong not den Mn that goi va tang tiled gian song cita mpg bang cach het kiem nang luqng Mac dit GAF la mdt giao thirc duo tren vj tri, no cling co the duqc coi la nhu mdt giao attic phan cap ma cac clue diva tren vj tri dja Iy Doi yeti moi vimg hied xic djnh, mai nut doi dien hoot dOng a truyen di lieu den cac nut khk Tuy nhien nut chi' nhu met nut chii khOng thuc hien bat cu met nhiem vp hqp nhat hay tap trung dit lieu nao- nhu cac giao thirc phan cap thong thutmg 2.7.2 GEAR Vic sir dung th8ng tin ve dia 1/ ph6 bien cac y'e'u cau den cac yang thich hap vi cac you cau dit lieu thueng bao g8m cac thulec tinh dia 1/ Giao thirc GEAR (Geographic and Energy-Aware Routing) dimg su nhon biet ye nang luqng va cac phircmg phap thong bao thong tin ve dia I/ tai cac nut Ian can Viec dinh tuyen thong tin theo vimg dia 1/ rat c6 ich cac he thong xk dinh vi tri, va dac biet la mpg cam bien Y Wong hon the so luqng cac yeu cau a Directed Diffusion bang cach quan tam den met vimg xac dinhhon la giri cac ieu eau taxi toan rnang GEAR cai tien ham Directed Diffusion diem va vi the du tit duqc nhieu nang luqng ham Trong giao thirc GEAR, mOi met nut gift met estimated cost va met learned cost qua trinh den dich qua cac net lin Estimated cost la ski ket hip vita nang luqng du va khoang ckh den dich Learned cost t la su cai lien coa estimated cost giai thich cho viec dinh tuyen xung quanh cach8c mpg Hoc xay S met nut khong co bat Id met nut Mn can nao gan ham so vei vimg dich horn la chinh no Trong trutng hqp 'thong co met hoc nao thi estimated cost bang vei learned cost Learned cost duqc truyen nguqc loi hop mOi Mn met goi den dich lam cho viec thiet lap duerng cho gel tiep theo duqc dieu chinh Co pha giii thutit nay: ChuyEn tiep goi dern Wing dich: GEAR dimg ckh fir chc, net ran can dip trai su nhan biet ve nang luqng va vi tri dla 1/ de dinh tuyen gel den vimg dich Co tnrerng hqp can quan tarn: Khi ton tai nhieu horn met nut Ian can gan horn so vei dich: GEAR se chip hop tiep theo s6 tat ca cac nut Ian can gan dich hon - Khi ma tat ca cac nut deu xa ham: truemg hqp se co met 16 hieng GEAR chip hop tiep theo ma lam toi thieu gia chi phi ciia nut Ian can Trong truang hap nay, met se cac nut Ian can duqc chop de chuyen tiep ea dip tren learned cost Lip chan co the duqc cap nhat sau theo su hei ti cAa learned cost su6t qua trinh truyen goi Neu goi dugc , chuyen den vimg, no co the truyen der Chuyan tiep g6i lieu yang d6 co die bang each chuyen tiep dia 19 a quy hoac flooding co gigi han Flooding co gi6i han ap dung tot twang hqp cac sensor trien khai khong day d4c C3 nhtmg mang co mat de sensor cao, flooding dia 19 de quy lai hieu qua ye mat fling lugng hon la flooding co giei han Trong twang hqp de, ngued ta chia vimg thinh yang nho ye tao ,4 ban copy cim goi Vic chia nh6 va qua trinh chuyen tiep deep tpc cho den vimg chi I nut, vi du nhu hinh (2.10) De th6a man cac dieu kien chang ta dung giii thuot chuyen tiep dia 19 44 qui de truyen goi yang Tuy nhien, vgi nhang yang mat dO thap, chuyen tiep dia 19 a quy doi khong hoin thanh, dinh tuyen vo tic dung met vimg dich fling trugc sO hop g6i di qua wort qui gioi han Trong trueng hqp chung ta ding flooding co gigi han O 0 r ir, , , ; 'fir,bb • ,0 „?‘: O o 0 mi DO' lieu Mit cam iing Hinh 2.10: Chuyan tiep dia beide quy GEAR 2.8 Ket 1u4n chug:mg II Chucmg di tong ket va dua s kha nhieu cac giao thirc dinh tuyen Moi giao thirc deu co nhcmg uu va nhuqc diem rieng Hien nay, da co rat nhieu cac cai tien cua cac loai giao thirc dugc dua ra, va cho ket qua rat kha quan Viec lira chgn loai giao thirc nao hoan town phi thugc vao img dung ma chimg to trien khai Mac du su hoat Ong cua cac giii thuit djnh tuyen day hira hgn van de sir ding hieu qua nang lugng, cac nghien ciru sau can phai xfic djnh ro cac van de nhu chat lacing dich vu caa cac img dung dm cac cam bien hinh anh va cac img dung then gian thuc Chirong 3: Tim hieu cfich ho3t dOng ciia giao thtit dinh tuyen ARPEES Boat dOng cua ARPEES duce chia thinh cac yang, m& yang bao gem pha duce the hien hinh : pha lap cvm vi lva chgn cvm tnremg theo sau ben pha truyen tai der lieu d6 der lieu dugc truyen ten tram gOc qua cac net chuyen giao 3.1 Pha thInh gip cum vi thu4t toin Iva chyn cum truirng: Ban du, tat ca cac nut mango gang thai nahi de tiet lciem nang lugng Khi mot sv kien duqc phat hien mpg, cac nut gan vi tri xay sv kien duqc kich hoot vi se, tien hanh dac thuOc tinh dA duqc chi dinh cam hien Neu gia nhan to cam bien cao ban mirc ngutmg dinh tusk, cac net d6 se dfirc thi thuot town nh6m cvm vi chqn cvm truemg Cac nut Thing ba g6i tin REQCLUSTER tai cac nut hang x6m Ban tin bao gem ID dm not, mirc nAng luqng lai va thong tin mil to dor lieu cam bien duqc sv kien: REQCLUSTER (ID(i),ERes(i),I(01 (5) Sau cac nut se dat bt) dem thati gian toi U Trong khoang then gian tl,moi nut se nhan ban tin REQCLUSTER tir tat ca cac nut cum vi thvc thi ham chqn Cluster_Head nhu sau: (6) FcH(i) = ER.(i) x I(i) , vgi mqi i thuOc X MaxFCH(i) -> Cluster Head Trong X la tap cac nut duqc kich hoot bed su kien Khi khoang theri gian t k'e't thuc, nut co gia tnj F cH (i) len nhat se tv bau no lam cvm trueing Cum twang se luu tat ID cita tat ca cac nut tap cac nut duce kich hoot X, vi lap lich TDMA de sip xep cho timg nut lan Itrqt girl du lieu toi cvm twang Chtic nAng cim lich la tranh viec xung dOt truyen tai dir lieu va dong bQ h6a gift cac nut ben cvm Cac nut 1ai ty dat minh lam nut vien vi cher dqi de nhan lich TDMA fir cum tnremg Vgi Etch di ducat sip xep, cac nut co the tit cac phan thu nhan tin hieu ngoai trir khoang thin gian truyen tai dir lieu BEGIN The first stage Back to Sleep/listen mode Broadcast REQ_CLUSTER Sense data and wait for time slot i to transmit to CH Wait G to receive all REQ_CLUSTER (i) Vi e X) N N - Store cluster's members - Broaden? TDMA Send data to CH L TO THE SECOND STAGE Hinh 3.1: Luu aia trgng that th& nhal (a) (b) (c) (d) Hinh 3.2: Hinh cym chzu tren sv kin viz thigh town lva ch9n cym triton Trong hinh 3.2a, nut tir n1 den n9 xic dinh str kien va chuyen sang tr4ng thai boat &Ong sau quang bi cac ban tin REQCLUSTER de trao d6i thong tin CS hinh 2b chimg ta chi minh boa not n2 va n5 quang ba du lieu 2c: nut n5 trer thinh cum truemg va quana bi ban tin ve lich TDMA toi cac nut mang 2d: cac vien trona cvm Ian Itnyt giri dit lieu cam bien ye cum tnremg theo nhtmg khe thai gian sap xep lich Thuat town day dam bao nut yeti mire nang luqng lai lem nhit va gan' nhat veri sv kien xay duqc Iva chip lam cum tnremg Them ncra chimg ta chi sir dung mQt loaf ban tin de tao cvm va chip cum tnrang Do co the lam giam so luong cac ban tin dieu lchien gay overhead ding thin gian luqng de lieu truyen tai tir cac nut tea cum truerng (se duqc mo to a pha sau) beri cvm trtremg la nut a gan sv kien va da thu thAp duqc sin nhieu de lieu hem cac nut a xa sv kien 3.2 Pha thu th(ip dt lieu CS pha chimgta sir clung cac nut trung gian de chuyen tiep cac goi tin tir cum throng teri tram gee Cac nut trung gian Ian hrqt phai quyet dinh hang x6m nao se nhan poi tin chuyen tiep Pha truyen dit lieu bao gom ba hoat ding chinh: 3.2.1 Thu thilp dist' lieu ben cgm: Sir dung lich TDMA, moi nut cam bien chuyen cac thong tin cam bien tai u da cum truengtrong khe thei gian truyen d duqc dinh truk MOt each don at , tiet kiem fling luqng la tat bQ thu nhan khOng sir clung qua gian M trinh truyen tai Cvm truerng bat buOc phai lien tvc Ethan dit lieu tir cac nut cum MOt van de cot 16i a day la cac net cam bien duqc nhom lai cum bao quanh sv kien: viec truyen tai se rieu ton mire nAng Itrqng thip nhAt khoing each grita cvm tnremg va cac nut cam bien la nho MOt van de khac a day la dQ uu fien cua moi nut Itch TDMA Nhu da de cap truck do, mei cvm truong co thong tin ve mo ta de lieu bitn tin cila tat ca cac net khk thuOc cvm - I(i) Nha d6 no co the sap xep this tit va khoang thei gian cho timg nut truyen tai dit lieu Nut co nhieu mo ti dit e lieu se truyen tai trudrc nhieu khe thai gian hon cac nut khac Theo sv sap xep nay, tat ca cac nut se ducm, phan khe thai gian nhat dinh de cam bien mei trueng va truyen du lieu cam bien ve cvm twang 3.2.2 Thut hien thu thcip diet lieu Nang luqng dung xir 19 du lieu it ham rat nhieu so vei nang luong de truyen tai der lieu Do d6 viec thu thop de lieu bAng each xir 19 cuc be) la rat quan tong de toi thieu hem nang limns sir dung De tranh viec truyen tai der lieu du thira, cum twang thuc hien viec tong hqp dir lieu tir dit lieu thu thAp duce, va theo de giam luqng du lieu the can gin tai tram goc Da lieu ne, cimg veri cac thOng tin duqc yeu cau beri tram goc, duqc truyen tai tram gOc theo kieu multi-hop 3.2.3 Ltra chin nut chuyen tiep vi hinh thinh tuyen lining Trong giao thirc nay, cum truing sau co goi tin sin sang truyen di se lua chip nut chuyen tiep de giri tai tram goc von tuyen duel% multi-hop thay cho viec truyen true tiep goi tin nhu giao thirc LEACH Dau tien, cum twang se twang ba ban tin REQ,RELAY tai tat ca cac nut pham vi ket not cua no de tim kiem nut chuyen tier) MOi nut nhan ban tin REQ_RELAY se tinh toan =lc nang luqng lai cita no va khoang each tai tram goc, ghi ket qua vac, ban tin ACK_RELAY va girl lai cho cum twang gun twang dqi rihan het cac g6i tin ACK RELAY tir cac net img cir lam nut chuyen tie? va kiem tra xem no co the truye7n true tiep di: lieu tai tram goc hay khong Neu khong cum twang se thuc hien chirc ruing Relay_Node de chip nut chuyen tiep.Ntit chuyen hap mong muon can thea man so dac diem: Nut chuyen tier) co mire nang luqng lai lern nhAt Nut chuyen tiep tang gAn tram gee Gang tot Viec co nghia no co khoing each len nhat so vii cum twang va khoing each ngin nhat ton tram gee - Tuyen duOng multi-hop got On nhu la duang thing gifra cum twat va tram Sau nhan ban tin REQRELAY tir tat ca the ung cu vien, cum twang se c6 duqc thong tin can thiet ve cau tit mpg 1-hop (cau trim mang lien ke) Tiep theo cum twang se tinh Wan ham Relay_Node de Ira chqn nut chuyen flop tot nhat Ham duqc dinh nghia nhu sau: FRN (I) = ERes (j) X x cos a j,V j E Y viEY Max F RN (j) —4 Relay Node set as Trong do: ERes(i) : nang luqng lai cita nut ung cir j d(CH,j) va d(j,BS) : khoing ton tir cum twang tai j va khoing ckh tir • , j ten tram goc Y: tap cfic img cu vien de Iva chqn nut chuyen tiep pham vi tin hieu dm cum twang aj la gia trj g6c gieri han tfio beri nut j, cum twang va tram gOc cos aj c6 the tinh duqc thong qua bieu thirc: d(CH, j) + d(CH,BS) - d(j, BS) cos a = 2d(CH, j)d(CH, BS) chqn lam net chuyen bap ei nut , Nut dat gia trj FR/s (j) lern nhAt se duqc tiep theo, nut chuyen tap se hoat don? nhu clan twang va tim hem nut chuyen tiep tiep theo Qua trinh tim kiern tuyen duang chuyen tiep se lap lai cho tai den duqc tram Wk Cuoi ding, tuyen &rang truyen thi uu se duqc tfio beri ck nut chuyen tiep gifta cum twang va tram gOc CH receives-and aggregates data Broadcast REQ _ROUTE Wait to receive all ACK_ROUTE • Loop for finding next relay node Set as Relay Node Max FRN W Back to sleep/listen mode CH transmit data to base station Loop for transmitting data to base station N via selected path NEXT ROUND Hinh 3.3: Lieu c#o ctia giao fink ARPEES pha thin hai Ket Lu4n Khai niem mang cam Bien, dac biet la dinh tuyen mang cam bien khong day ttran4 d8i la gm doi yeri nhieu ngtrici lam viec linh vtrc vien thong Chuxen de em da trinh bay met each tong quan nhat ye mpg cam bien ya dinh tuyen mpg cam bien khong day Vbi tinh nang uu yiet ya irng dyng da clang ma khong phai mang nio ding c6, tuang lai khong xa mang cam bien khong day se duqc ?hat then rang rai ya nhanh chong Em by wing yen chuyen de nay, se Op Phan vie vi'ec nghien ciru ye link true twang doi man me Viet Nam Trong pham vi ,chuyen de nay, em da nghien cfru duqc nhimg net lchai quit nhat ye mang cam bien ya dinh tuyen mang Do kien auk han che, nen chuyen de cua em khong the tranh lchoi nhung thieu sot, em mong nhan duqc sir phe binh, citing Op cua cfic thay be mon ding nhu khoa de chuyen de cua em duqc !loan thien Tai lieu tham khao Wireless Sensor Networks, Ian F Akyildiz Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Protocols, Performance and Control Editor FRANK L LEWIS, PH.D Holger Karl Andreas Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2005 Cac ky thuot phin nhom cac mpg cam bien - TS TS Nguyen Quy sy- Le Nh3t Mang, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks - Holger Karl at University of Paderbom, GERMANY, Andreas Willig - Hasso-PlattnerInstitute at the University of Potsdam, GERMAN Protocols, and Aplication — KAZEM SOHRABY, DANIEL MINOLI, TAIEB ZNATI Energy Efficient Communication Protocolfor Wireless Microsensor Networks- Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Han Balakrishnan, Massachusetts Instituteof Technology, Cambridge http://www.omnetpp.org./ http://dtvt.org 10 http://www.ebook.edu.vn 11 http://www.google.com.vn ... to interest se dung the cap thuOc tinh- gia hi 32 37 Loi not diu Trong vai nam gAn day mang cam bien khling day (Wireless Sensor Network - WSN) dA tr6 nen rat quan tong diri song hang Bat dau phat... khong day 1.1 Gial thieu chung ve mang cam bien khong day Trong nhang nam gin day, rat nhieu mpg cam bien khong day (Wireless Sensor Network - WSN) di va Bang dirqc phat trier va trien khai cho... Lech thin gian den TOA Time Of Arrival Thin gian den UTC Coordinated Universal Time WSN Wireless Sensor Network Thai gian ph6i hqp town A cau Mang cam bien khong day Time Division Multiple Access