Study on genotypic differences in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and yield related traits in different rice genotypes under different nitrogen levels

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Study on genotypic differences in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and yield related traits in different rice genotypes under different nitrogen levels

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Nitrogen is the major nutrient element required for the plant growth and development. In rice, development of varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency will reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application. This study was investigating the genotypic differences in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and yield related traits of 12 different rice genotypes under two different nitrogen levels viz., T1 and T2. Different physiological and agronomical characters were measured in selected 12 genotypes, growing in field. The photosynthetic rate was recorded higher (23.3 μmol CO2 m -2 s -1 ) with rice genotype Sampada. Efficiency parameters including Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Harvest Index were studied in order to determine NUE. Chlorophyll content was recorded maximum in vegetative stage under 100% RDN and in reproductive stage under T1 and T2 in NUE genotype of Vardhan and minimum in low NUE genotype Sampada x Jaya/3 under T1 and T2 treatments. Total Dry Matter, grain yield and leaf nitrogen content were higher in high NUE genotype Vardhan. High chlorophyll content in case of Vardhan under low nitrogen content support their higher grain yield and total dry matter content. The Nitrogen Use Efficiency (7.11) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (12.50) were lower when treated with 100% of recommended Nitrogen. The maximum average grain yield of 824 g m-2 was registered in Vardhan genotype.

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2484-2493 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.289 Study on Genotypic Differences in Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yield and Yield Related Traits in Different Rice Genotypes under Different Nitrogen Levels V Aparna1*, S Narender Reddy1 and D Subrahmanyam2 Department of Crop Physiology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India Department of Plant Physiology, IIRR, Rajendranagar, Telangana, 500030, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Keywords Nutrient, Genotypes, Rice, Nitrogen use efficiency, Recommended dose of nitrogen Article Info Accepted: 17 March 2019 Available Online: 10 April 2019 Nitrogen is the major nutrient element required for the plant growth and development In rice, development of varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency will reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application This study was investigating the genotypic differences in photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and yield related traits of 12 different rice genotypes under two different nitrogen levels viz., T1 and T2 Different physiological and agronomical characters were measured in selected 12 genotypes, growing in field The photosynthetic rate was recorded higher (23.3 μmol CO m-2 s-1) with rice genotype Sampada Efficiency parameters including Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Harvest Index were studied in order to determine NUE Chlorophyll content was recorded maximum in vegetative stage under 100% RDN and in reproductive stage under T1 and T2 in NUE genotype of Vardhan and minimum in low NUE genotype Sampada x Jaya/3 under T1 and T2 treatments Total Dry Matter, grain yield and leaf nitrogen content were higher in high NUE genotype Vardhan High chlorophyll content in case of Vardhan under low nitrogen content support their higher grain yield and total dry matter content The Nitrogen Use Efficiency (7.11) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (12.50) were lower when treated with 100% of recommended Nitrogen The maximum average grain yield of 824 g m-2 was registered in Vardhan genotype Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crop grown and is consumed by one-third of the world’s population In order to support the increasing population the yields has to be increased Nitrogen is an important primary constituent of the nucleotides, amino acids, proteins, chlorophyll and several plant hormones It is one of the most important nutrients in improving crop yields Nitrogen is responsible for improving panicle number and grain weight and responsible for reducing spikelet sterility (Fageria, 2009) Though, application of nitrogen fertilizers increases crop yields, increased use of N fertilizers 2484 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2484-2493 effects global N cycle, depletion of ozone layer and also causes nitrate leaching problems in soil (Hakeem et al., 2012) Out of the total amount of applied nitrogen, only 30– 40% of the applied N reaches the plant and the remaining is lost to the environment (Raun and Johnson, 1999) Hence, using Nefficient genotypes is an important strategy in reducing cost of production as well as environmental pollution Nitrogen use efficiency has been defined as grain yield per unit of N available in the soil (Good et al., 2004) At higher N rates, the decrease in NUE indicates that rice plants could not absorb or utilize N at higher rates or that N loss exceeded the rate of plant uptake Nitrogen use efficient genotypes can be defined as plants which can absorb and accumulate higher N content and grow well and yield better under low N conditions (Mi et al., 2007) NUE is relatively low in rice as major part of N applied to rice is released as gaseous N, effecting environment and reducing econo0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 8.9 7.9 8.0 9.8 8.9 9.1 9.4 8.4 8.5 296 311 303 296 288 291 296 299 297 18.4 20.1 16.4 22.0 17.9 20.4 19.5 19.6 24.1 19.1 24.2 24.6 23.6 23.1 20.9 23.3 0.4 1.04 1.5 21.2 19.6 20.3 23.3 20.8 21.7 20.3 21.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 8.2 8.8 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.2 7.7 8.2 9.4 10.1 8.8 9.6 9.9 9.0 9.2 9.5 0.2 0.6 0.8 8.8 9.5 8.1 8.9 9.1 8.6 8.4 8.8 319 315 303 288 302 296 292 302 288 312 288 304 301 295 297 298 304 313 296 296 301 295 295 300 2490 10 15 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2484-2493 Table.4 The influence of nitrogen on partial factor productivity of nitrogen in different rice genotypes Genotypes Varadhan x BPT 5204/6 Varadhan x BPT 5204/10 Sampada x Jaya/2 Sampada x Jaya/3 Varadhan x MTU 1010/2 Rasi x Jaya/2 Varadhan BPT-5204 Sampada Jaya MTU-1010 Rasi Mean Treatment (T) Genotypes (G) TxG Nitrogen Use Efficiency T1 T2 15.88 6.30 10.40 6.70 13.26 8.38 9.52 5.32 14.44 7.59 15.78 8.15 15.94 8.51 11.84 6.15 12.88 7.91 13.86 8.70 16.38 4.06 15.22 7.49 13.78 7.11 0.14 0.10 0.17 Mean 11.09 8.55 10.82 7.42 11.02 11.97 12.23 9.00 10.40 11.28 10.22 11.36 10.44 Table.5 The influence of nitrogen on root, stem and leaf nitrogen in different rice genotypes Genotypes Varadhan x BPT 5204/6 Varadhan x BPT 5204/10 Sampada x Jaya/2 Sampada x Jaya/3 Varadhan x MTU 1010/2 Rasi x Jaya/2 Varadhan BPT-5204 Sampada Jaya MTU-1010 Rasi Mean Treatments (T) Genotypes (G) TxG Root nitrogen (%) T1 T2 Mean 0.72 0.80 0.76 T1 0.43 Stem N(%) T2 Mean 0.50 0.46 T1 1.28 Leaf N(%) T2 Mean 2.12 1.70 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.64 0.65 0.65 1.50 1.84 1.67 0.71 0.57 0.72 0.79 0.82 0.92 0.75 0.70 0.82 0.58 0.66 0.50 0.79 0.73 0.51 0.69 0.70 0.51 1.85 1.75 1.66 1.98 2.00 1.98 1.91 1.88 1.82 0.65 0.86 0.72 0.68 0.73 0.65 0.99 0.73 0.88 0.75 0.79 0.81 0.78 0.80 0.95 0.82 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.77 0.81 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.73 0.97 0.77 0.50 0.40 0.57 0.62 0.42 0.36 0.64 0.50 0.52 0.48 0.77 0.68 0.81 0.60 1.06 0.70 NS 0.19 NS 0.51 0.44 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.48 0.85 0.60 1.94 1.68 1.91 1.51 1.57 1.47 1.45 1.60 2.19 2.35 1.93 1.66 1.91 1.65 1.53 1.90 NS NS NS 2.07 2.02 1.92 1.59 1.74 1.56 1.49 1.80 2491 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2484-2493 Table.6 The influence of nitrogen on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and Harvest Index in different rice genotypes Genotypes (G) Photosynthetic rate/ Harvest index (%) Leaf N T1 Varadhan x BPT 5204/6 Varadhan x BPT 5204/10 Sampada x Jaya/2 Sampada x Jaya/3 Varadhan x MTU 1010/2 Rasi x Jaya/2 Varadhan BPT-5204 Sampada Jaya MTU-1010 Rasi Mean Treatments (T) Genotypes (G) T xG T2 Mean T1 T2 Mean 23.15 11.84 17.50 51 46 48 12.64 12.69 12.67 45 48 47 11.80 12.29 10.83 12.17 13.26 12.31 12.05 11.50 12.79 49 46 49 48 43 49 48 44 49 9.48 12.13 8.55 14.77 11.66 13.86 13.50 12.97 10.25 49 10.12 48 10.73 47 14.80 48 12.05 45 13.93 46 14.44 45 12.73 47.3 11.02 8.10 12.90 14.83 12.44 14.00 15.37 12.50 0.80 0.17 0.29 In conclusion, present study found that there are wide variations in physiological parameters, grain yield, N content in different plant parts as well as nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield efficiency and harvest indices among genotypes under two nitrogen regimes With the exception to Vardhan x BPT 5204/6, MTU-1010 and Rasi all the entries included in this field experiment showed reduction in grain yield under 50% RDN Vardhan and Rasi x Jaya/2 recorded highest average grain yield with high nitrogen use efficiency Hence, they were identified as nitrogen efficient genotypes because they consistently produced high grain yield 50 53 43 48 53 29 50 46.5 NS NS NS 50 50 45 48 49 38 47 46.9 Acknowledgement I acknowledge the help received from Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during the research work References Devika, S., Ravichandran, V., Boominathan, P (2018) Physiological analyses of nitrogen use efficiency and yield traits of rice genotypes Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 23, 100–110 Gomez, K.A and Gomez, A.A (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, second ed John Wiley & 2492 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(4): 2484-2493 Sons, New York, USA, 680 pp Good, A G., Shrawat, A K., Muench, D G (2004) Can less yield more? Is reducing nutrient input into the environment compatible with maintaining crop production? Trends in Plant Science, 9, 597–605 Li, Y., Yang, X., Ren, B., Shen, Q., Guo, S (2012) Why Nitrogen Use Efficiency Decreases Under High Nitrogen Supply in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation, 31, 47–52 Mae, T (1997) Physiological nitrogen efficiency in rice: nitrogen utilization, photosynthesis and yield potential Plant and Soil, 196, 201-210 Makino, A., Shimada, T., Takumi, S., Kaneko, K., Matsuoka, M., Shimamoto, K., Nakano, H., Miyao Tokutomi, M., Mae, T., Yamamoto, N (1997) Does decrease in ribulose1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase by antisense RbcS lead to a higher N-use efficiency of photosynthesis under conditions of saturating CO2 and light in rice plants? Plant Physiology, 114, 483–491 Pramanik, K., and Bera, A.K (2013) Effect of seedling age and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, chlorophyll content, yield and economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4, 3489-3499 Rajput, M.K.K., Ansari, A.H., Mehdi, S., Hussain, A.M (1988) Effect of N and P fertilizers alone and in combination with OM on the growth and yield of Toria Sarhad Journal of Agriculture Research, 4, 3-6 Sage, R.F and Pearcy, R.W (1987) The nitrogen use efficiency of C3 and C4 plants Plant Physiology, 84, 959–963 Sun, Y., Maa, J., Sun, Y., Xu, H., Yang, Z., Liu, S., Jia, X., Zheng, H (2012) The effects of different water and nitrogen managements on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China Field Crops Research, 127, 85–98 Yoshida, S and Coronel, V (1976) Nitrogen nutrition, leaf resistance, and leaf photosynthetic rate of the rice plant Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 22, 207-211 Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, S., Lei, Q., Liu, J., He, J., Zhai, L., Ren, T., Liu, H (2015) Identifying critical nitrogen application rate for maize yield and nitrate leaching in a Haplic Luvisol soil using the DNDC model Sci Total Environ 514, 388–398 How to cite this article: Aparna, V., S Narender Reddy and Subrahmanyam, D 2019 Study on Genotypic Differences in Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yield and Yield Related Traits in Different Rice Genotypes under Different Nitrogen Levels Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci 8(04): 2484-2493 doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.289 2493 ... Reddy and Subrahmanyam, D 2019 Study on Genotypic Differences in Photosynthetic Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Yield and Yield Related Traits in Different Rice Genotypes under Different. .. 0.29 In conclusion, present study found that there are wide variations in physiological parameters, grain yield, N content in different plant parts as well as nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield. .. of different water and nitrogen managements on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hybrid rice of China Field Crops Research, 127, 85–98 Yoshida, S and Coronel, V (1976) Nitrogen nutrition,

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