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Studying this thesis, that gets a lot of knowledge to understand more about the items of cognitive linguistics. Studying, applying, using cognitive linguistics is of large significance with us in dealing with numerous problems of linguistics that was not explained by classic theory. Especially with foreign language learners like me, cognitive linguistics opened a new view so that they can approach foreign language easier.
ĐẶNG THỊ TUYẾT NHUNG VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Đặng Thị Tuyết Nhung ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN LYRICS BY ED SHEERAN MA2 THESIS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE COVER PAGE COURSE: 2016 -2018 HANOI, 2018 VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Đặng Thị Tuyết Nhung CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN LYRICS BY ED SHEERAN Field: English Linguistics Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Phạm Hiển, Ph D HANOI, 2018 DECLARATION BY AUTHOR I declare that this thesis “Conceptual Metaphors of Love in Lyrics by Ed Sheeran” is created by my own findings and I am the sole author of this thesis To the best of my knowledge, with the exception of the indication of reference, this thesis is carried out without using any other author’s work and is submitted after a carefully checking progress in order to fulfill the requirements of the M.A degree Author’s signature Đặng Thị Tuyết Nhung Approved by SUPERVISOR Phạm Hiển, Ph.D Date: i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is completed with lots of working hours and is contributed by a large amount of enthusiasm, effort and assistance from many people Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Phạm Hiển, Ph.D for the all support of my research, for his patience, motivation, and immense knowledge His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis I also would like to send my special thanks to Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph.D who gave me important help with some ideas and documents Additionally, I am so grateful for Ed Sheeran who wrote wonderful songs which is loved by fans all over the world and me too His lyrics are filled by deep feelings in the different ups and downs motions, especially in Love It is the source of inspirations for me to this thesis, giving data for this work Finally, I want to grateful to my family for all, who are always supportive and enthusiastic to me during the progress of making this thesis ii ABSTRACT This thesis studies on the Conceptual Metaphor of Love in the song’s lyrics of Ed Sheeran in the framework theory of Lakoff and Johnson (1980/2003), Kovecses (2002) Who also claimed that Love is an abstract concept which is often understood via conceptual metaphors to find out the meaningful, not just being meaning First of all, I want to show some main views of Cognitive Linguistics which is basic theory to understand the concept of conceptual metaphor From that I want to research classifications of conceptual metaphors, each kinds of these are understood following the points of conceptual metaphor of Lakoff & Johnson and Kovesces, and then looking at their examples, throughout to get comprehension about them Second, I want to mention to classical metaphor and its history’s definition in order time to be defined by famous researchers in this time, this work is to improve that the difference between classical metaphor and conceptual metaphor, which is, makes us not misunderstand between conceptual metaphor and metaphor Third, I study the lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s songs to find out how Ed SHeeran used metaphors through fifteen songs which I chose to research Finally, I found that conceptual metaphor is not just classical metaphor and it is not feared, like we have thought Following Lakoff and Johnson in Metaphors We Live By, metaphor is being in everyday life Thus, we are not difficult to meet somewhere in life without metaphor Studying conceptual metaphor or conceptualization and using it in life is important with English learners, especially with us who learn English as foreign language in get knowledge iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THE THESIS S: Fifteen songs of Ed Sheeran in ordered number (following Table 1) SM: Structural Metaphors in lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s fifteen songs (following number sections of chapter 3) OM: Ontological Metaphors in lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s fifteen songs (following number sections of chapter 4) : having metaphor iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Fifteen songs of Ed Sheeran in ordered number …………… …04 Table 2: List of Structural Metaphors in lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s fifteen songs ……………………………………………………………………………….41 Table 3: Structural Metaphors in lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s fifteen songs …… 43 Table 4: List of Ontological Metaphors in lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s fifteen songs ……………………………………………………………………………… 54 Table 5: Ontological Metaphors in lyrics of Ed Sheeran’s fifteen songs … 56 v TABLE OF CONTENTS conceptual metaphor of love in lyrics by ed sheeran ( ĐÃ SỬA 1).doc - _Toc526894934 DECLARATION BY AUTHOR i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THE THESIS iv LIST OF TABLES v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims of the Study 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Methodology 1.7 Structure of the Study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Cognitive Linguistics 2.2 Metaphor Theory 2.3 Conceptual Metaphors 10 2.3.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory 10 2.3.2 Conceptual Metaphor Domain 13 2.3.3 Classifications of Conceptual Metaphors 15 2.3.3.1 Orientational Metaphors 16 2.3.3.2 Structural Metaphors 18 2.3.3.3 Ontological Metaphors 19 2.4 Love 21 2.4.1 What is Love? 21 vi 2.4.2 Conceptual Metaphor of LOVE 22 2.5 Ed Sheeran and His Song Lyrics 23 2.6 Chapter Summary 24 CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN THE SELECTED LYRICS BY ED SHEERAN 26 3.1 LOVE IS A JOURNEY 26 3.2 LOVE IS FIRE 29 3.3 LOVE IS PAIN 31 3.4 LOVE IS WAR 32 3.5 LOVE IS POSSESSION 33 3.6 LOVE IS MADNESS 34 3.7 LOVE IS FUTURE 34 3.8 LOVE IS SAFETY 35 3.9 LOVE IS CLOSENESS 36 3.10 LOVE IS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF TIME 37 3.11 LOVE IS HAPPINESS 37 3.12 LOVE IS AN UNITY 38 3.13 LOVE IS A DESIRE 39 3.14 Chapter Summary 40 CHAPTER 4: ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN THE SELECTED LYRICS BY ED SHEERAN 44 4.1 LOVE IS AN OBJECT 44 4.2 LOVE IS A PERSON (GIRL, WOMAN, DOCTOR) 46 4.3 LOVE IS A CONTAINER 48 4.4 LOVE IS FLUID (IN A CONTAINER) 50 4.5 LOVE IS A SOURCE OF WARMTH 51 4.6 LOVE IS FOOD 52 4.7 Chapter Summary 54 vii CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 57 5.1 Recapitulation 57 5.2 Concluding Remarks 58 5.3 Implications 59 5.4 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies 61 REFERENCES 63 SOURCES OF MATERIALS USED 66 APPENDIX 1: CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS SELECTED FROM ED SHEERAN’S SONGS I APPENDIX 2: ED SHEERAN’S FIFTEEN SONGS USED IN THE THESIS X viii My, my, my, my, oh give me love M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover, M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover, M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover, M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover, M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover, M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover, M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover (love me, love me, love me) M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover (give me love), M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover (give me love), M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover (give me love, love me), M-my my, m-my my, m-my my, give me love, lover (give me love) My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love, XL My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love, My, my, my, my, oh give me love 10.Kiss Me One, two, three, four Settle down with me Cover me up Cuddle me in Lie down with me And hold me in your arms And your heart's against my chest, your lips pressed to my neck I'm falling for your eyes, but they don't know me yet And with a feeling I'll forget, I'm in love now Kiss me like you wanna be loved You wanna be loved You wanna be loved This feels like falling in love Falling in love XLI We're falling in love Settle down with me And I'll be your safety You'll be my lady I was made to keep your body warm But I'm cold as the wind blows so hold me in your arms Oh no My heart's against your chest, your lips pressed to my neck I'm falling for your eyes, but they don't know me yet And with this feeling I'll forget, I'm in love now Kiss me like you wanna be loved You wanna be loved You wanna be loved This feels like falling in love Falling in love We're falling in love Yeah I've been feeling everything From hate to love XLII From love to lust From lust to truth I guess that's how I know you So I hold you close to help you give it up So kiss me like you wanna be loved You wanna be loved You wanna be loved This feels like falling in love Falling in love We're falling in love Kiss me like you wanna be loved You wanna be loved You wanna be loved This feels like falling in love Falling in love We're falling in love 11 How Would You Feel You are the one girl And you know that it's true XLIII I'm feeling younger Every time that I'm alone with you We were sitting in a parked car Stealing kisses in the front yard We got questions we should not ask but How would you feel, if I told you I loved you? It's just something that I want to I'll be taking my time, spending my life Falling deeper in love with you So tell me that you love me too In the summer, as the lilacs bloom Love flows deeper than the river Every moment that I spend with you We were sat upon our best friend's roof I had both of my arms round you Watching the sunrise replace the moon How would you feel, if I told you I loved you? It's just something that I want to XLIV I'll be taking my time, spending my life Falling deeper in love with you So tell me that you love me too We were sitting in a parked car Stealing kisses in the front yard We got questions we should not ask but How would you feel, if I told you I loved you? It's just something that I want to I'll be taking my time, spending my life Falling deeper in love with you So tell me that you love me too Tell me that you love me too Tell me that you love me too 12.Thinking Out Loud When your legs don't work like they used to before And I can't sweep you off of your feet Will your mouth still remember the taste of my love? Will your eyes still smile from your cheeks? And, darling, I will be loving you 'til we're 70 XLV And, baby, my heart could still fall as hard at 23 And I'm thinking 'bout how people fall in love in mysterious ways Maybe just the touch of a hand Well, me—I fall in love with you every single day And I just wanna tell you I am So, honey, now Take me into your loving arms Kiss me under the light of a thousand stars Place your head on my beating heart I'm thinking out loud Maybe we found love right where we are When my hair's all but gone and my memory fades And the crowds don't remember my name When my hands don't play the strings the same way (mmm ) I know you will still love me the same 'Cause, honey, your soul could never grow old, it's evergreen And, baby, your smile's forever in my mind and memory I'm thinking 'bout how people fall in love in mysterious ways Maybe it's all part of a plan XLVI Well, I'll just keep on making the same mistakes Hoping that you'll understand That, baby, now Take me into your loving arms Kiss me under the light of a thousand stars Place your head on my beating heart Thinking out loud Maybe we found love right where we are (oh, oh) La, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, lo-ud So, baby, now Take me into your loving arms Kiss me under the light of a thousand stars Oh, darling, place your head on my beating heart I'm thinking out loud But maybe we found love right where we are Oh, baby, we found love right where we are And we found love right where we are 13.Happier Walking down 29th and park XLVII I saw you in another's arms Only a month we've been apart You look happier Saw you walk inside a bar He said something to make you laugh I saw that both your smiles were twice as wide as ours Yeah you look happier, you Ain't nobody hurt you like I hurt you But ain't nobody love you like I Promise that I will not take it personal baby If you're moving on with someone new Cause baby you look happier, you My friends told me one day I'll feel it too And until then I'll smile to hide the truth But I know I was happier with you Sat in the corner of the room Everything's reminding me of you Nursing an empty bottle and telling myself you're happier Aren't you? XLVIII Ain't nobody hurt you like I hurt you But ain't nobody need you like I I know that there's others that deserve you But my darling I am still in love with you But I guess you look happier, you My friends told me one day I'll feel it too I could try to smile to hide the truth But I know I was happier with you Baby you look happier, you I knew one day you'd fall for someone new But if he breaks your heart like lovers Just know that I'll be waiting here for you 14.Small Bump You're just a small bump unborn In four months you're brought to life You might be left with my hair But you'll have your mother's eyes I'll hold your body in my hands Be as gentle as I can XLIX But for now you're a scan of my unmade plans A small bump In four months you're brought to life I'll whisper quietly I'll give you nothing but truth If you're not inside me I'll put my future in you You are my one and only You can wrap your fingers 'round my thumb and hold me tight Oh, you are my one and only You can wrap your fingers 'round my thumb and hold me tight And you'll be alright Oh, you're just a small bump unknown You'll grow into your skin With a smile like hers And a dimple beneath your chin Fingernails the size Of a half grain of rice And eyelids closed to be soon opened wide L A small bump In four months you'll open your eyes And I'll hold you tightly I'll tell you nothing but truth If you're not inside me I'll put my future in you You are my one and only You can wrap your fingers 'round my thumb and hold me tight Oh, you are my one and only You can wrap your fingers 'round my thumb and hold me tight And you'll be alright And you can lie with me With your tiny feet When you're half asleep I'll leave you be Right in front of me For a couple weeks So I can keep you safe 'Cause you are my one and only LI You can wrap your fingers 'round my thumb and hold me tight You are my one and only You can wrap your fingers 'round my thumb and hold me tight And you'll be alright 'Cause you were just a small bump unborn For four months then torn from life Maybe you were needed up there But we're still unaware as why 15.Shirtsleeves I can taste salt water And if I blink again You'll be sinking in So we'll learn to swim in the oceans you made I'll hold ya and you'll think of him And pretty soon you'll be floating away And I'll hold on to the words you spoke of Anchored down in the throat, love And I'm captain of this sinking boat now With just one armband to carry me home LII When salted tears won't dry I'll wipe my shirtsleeves Under your eyes These hearts will be flooded tonight I'll wipe my shirtsleeves Under your eyes Your eyes [5x] I still taste salt water On my lips from your kiss, bitterness And I'll drown within the oceans you made And I hate to love you, these cuffs are covered in your make up I'll never trust you again You can just be a friend And I'll hold on to the words you spoke of Anchored down in the throat, love And I'm captain of this sinking boat now With just one armband to carry me home When salted tears won't dry I'll wipe my shirtsleeves LIII Under your eyes These hearts will be flooded tonight I'll wipe my shirtsleeves Under your eyes Your eyes, your lips, your mouth Your thighs, your back, you drive me wild Tonight, the fact is I I'm on the way home I'm on the way home I lied, I tried to cry but I'm I'm drowning in the oceans you made When salted tears won't dry I'll wipe my shirtsleeves Under your eyes These hearts will be flooded tonight I'll wipe my shirtsleeves Under your eyes Your eyes, your eyes, your eyes, your eyes, your eyes LIV ... are opened-ended too and this infers that domains are opened-ended Domain in process of conceptual metaphor is called domain of experience, which conceptualized and defined as basic domain of experience... several main points of view of Ed Sheeran and his three albums CHAPTER 3: STRUCTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN THE SELECTED LYRICS BY ED SHEERAN In this chapter is the study of Structural Metaphors of love. .. that domain A (in Figure 1) is target domain, and domain B is source domain Target Domain Saying about target domain in a conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson defined “the target domain, which