EE T h e E lg a r C o m p a n io n to FEMINIST ECONOMICS EDITED BY Janice Peterson and Margaret Lewis THE ELGAR COMPANION TO FEMINIST ECONOMICS This page intentionally left blank The Elgar Companion to Feminist Economics Edited by Janice Peterson Professor o f Economics, State University o f New York-Fredonia, USA Margaret Lewis Professor o f Economics, College of Saint Benedict, USA Edward Elgar C heltenham , U K • Northam pton, M A, USA © Janice Peterson and Margaret Lewis, 1999 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the pub­ lisher Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited Glensanda House Montpellier Parade Cheltenham Glos GL50 1UA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc 136 West Street Suite 202 Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data The Elgar companion to feminist economics / edited by Janice Peterson, Margaret Lewis Feminist economics Women—Economic conditions I Peterson, Janice II Lewis, Margaret HQ1381.E44 2000 330’.082— dc21 ISBN 85898 453 X Typeset by Manton Typesetters, Louth, Lincolnshire, UK Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall 99-33956 CIP Contents List of Contributors and their Entries Introduction Affirmative Action Agriculture (Third World) Austrian Economics Banking and Credit Capitalism Child Care Child Support Class Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP) Comparable Worth/Pay Equity Contingent Labour Force Development Policies Development, Theories of Discrimination, Theories of Divorce Domestic Abuse Domestic Labour Double Day/Second Shift Dualisms Econometrics Economic History, Australia and New Zealand Economic History, Canada Economic History, China Economic History, Eastern Europe Economic History, Great Britain Economic History, India Economic History, Mexico Economic History, Middle East and North Africa Economic History, Russia Economic History, Singapore Economic History, South America Economic History, Sub-Saharan Africa viii xv 18 27 33 39 48 55 64 70 77 83 95 107 113 121 126 136 142 154 157 168 175 184 193 201 209 219 226 235 246 257 v/ Contents Economic History, United States Economic History, Western Europe Economic Man Economic Restructuring Economic Welfare Economics Education Education, Economics of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Family, Economics of Family Policy Family Wage Feminism(s) Feminist Economics Feminization of Poverty Game Theory and Bargaining Models Gender Glass Ceiling Globalization Gross Domestic Product Growth Theory (Macro Models) Health, Economics of History of Economic Thought Human Capital Theory Imperialism Income Distribution Income Support and Transfer Policy Informal Sector Institutional Economics International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) International Economics Labour Force Participation Labour Market Segmentation Labour Markets, Theories of Macroeconomics Marriage, Theories of Marxist Political Economics Methodology Migration Minimum Wage Neoclassical Economics Occupational Segregation Parental Leave 264 273 284 289 303 310 317 323 328 336 343 347 360 373 379 390 396 402 411 418 427 433 443 449 457 464 472 479 486 489 500 505 511 522 529 536 544 555 563 570 578 585 Contents Patriarchy Pedagogy Pensions and Old Age Retirement Population Post Keynesian Economics Postmodernism Poverty, Measurement and Analysis of Protective Legislation Public Sector Economics/Public Finance Race Rhetoric Sexual Orientation Socialism Structural Adjustment Policies Tax Policy Technological Change Unemployment and Underemployment Unions and Union Organizing Urban and Regional Economics Value Volunteer Labour Wage Gap Welfare Reform Women in the Economics Profession Women’s Budgets Index vii ^92 600 609 616 622 628 634 639 644 653 659 670 681 687 696 702 710 718 725 732 738 746 750 757 764 771 Contributors to the Volume and their Entries Aerai, April Laskey, Department of Business, Economics, and Manage­ ment, Nazareth College of Rochester, USA Macroeconomics Albelda, Randy, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA Income Distribution; Marxist Political Economics; Welfare Reform Anderson, Donna M., Department of Economics, University of WisconsinLa Crosse, USA Tax Policy Aslaksen, Iulie, Statistics Norway, Norway Gross Domestic Product Avin, Rose-Marie, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, USA International Economics Badgett, Lee, Department of Economics, University of MassachusettsAmherst, USA Sexual Orientation Bakker, Isabella, Department of Political Science, York University, Canada Development Policies Balakrishnan, Radhika, International Studies, Marymount Manhattan Col­ lege, USA Population Barker, Drucilla K., Department of Economics, Hollins University, USA Economic Welfare; Gender; Neoclassical Economics Bartlett, Robin L., Department of Economics, Denison University, USA Committee on the Status o f Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP); Pedagogy Beller, Andrea H., Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Divorce Contributors ix Beneria, Lourdes, City and Regional Planning Department and Women’s Studies, Cornell University, USA Structural Adjustment Policies Berger, Silvia, FLACSO, Argentina Economic History, South America Bergeron, Suzanne, Women’s Studies and Social Sciences, University of Michigan Dearborn, USA Imperialism Berik, Giinseli, Economics and Women’s Studies, University of Utah, USA Globalization Bernasek, Alexandra, Department of Economics, Colorado State University, USA Informal Sector Brown, Doug, College of Business, Northern Arizona University, USA Capitalism; Postmodernism Bruegel, Irene, Local Economy Policy Unit, South Bank University, Lon­ don, UK Urban and Regional Economics Burnell, Barbara S., Department of Economics, College of Wooster, USA Occupational Segregation Chamberlain, Mariam K., National Council for Research on Women, USA Glass Ceiling Coleman, Margaret S., New York State Office of the Deputy Comptroller for New York City, USA Labour Force Participation; Unions and Union Organizing Connelly, Patricia, Sociology Department, Saint Mary’s University, Canada Economic History, Canada Cornwall, Richard, Queer Insurgency, 155 Haight Street, #311, San Fran­ cisco, CA, USA Sexual Orientation Deere, Carmen Diana, Economics Department, University of MassachusettsAmherst, USA Agriculture (Third World) Duggan, Lynn, Labor Studies Division, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA Family Policy Index discrimination 107,109, 111 divorce 113,115 dualisms 143,149 economic man 285, 286, 288 economic restructuring 291, 296 economic thought, history of 438-9 economic welfare 303, 305, 306, 308, 309 environmental and natural resource economics 324 family, economics of 328, 329, 331, 334 feminism 350, 356 game theory and bargaining models 379, 380 gender 390,391,392, 393 globalization 403-4,405 growth theory 418, 421, 422,423, 424 human capital theory 443,447 income distribution 458,459,461, 462 income support and transfer policy 468 institutional economics 481 labour force participation 501 labour market segmentation 506, 507 labour markets 511, 512, 513, 515, 517,518,519 marriage 529, 530,533 methodology 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551,552 occupational segregation 578, 580, 581,583 patriarchy 598 pedagogy 602, 603, 604 population 618 post Keynesian economics 624 postmodernism 629, 630, 631 poverty 638 protective legislation 641 rhetoric 659, 660, 665 sexual orientation 671, 678 technological change 702,704 unemployment and underemployment 713 urban and regional economics 725 value 733, 734, 735,736 wage gap 747, 748 net national income 411 Netherlands 273, 275, 278-9, 280, 281 797 child support 53 contingent labour force 78 family policy 338 gross domestic product 413 Neuman, S 531 New Classical economics 462, 524 New Deal 464 New Economic Policy (Russia) 229,234 new growth theory 768 New Home Economics 127, 329, 512­ 13, 530, 550, 558,559, 574 new institutional economics 479 new Keynesianism 515, 517, 518 New Left 539, 540 New Right 468 New South Wales pay equity enquiry 163,165 New Zealand child care 40 comparable worth/pay equity 70,72 economic history 157-67 Human Rights Commission Act (1977) 165 minimum wage 564 Newcomer, M 312 Newman, A.E 73 Neysmith, S 431 Ngan-Ling Chow, E 60 Nicaragua 497, 557, 683 Nicholson, L 146, 352, 354, 356, 632 Nickel, J.F 320 Nickless, P.J 640 Niemi, B 655 Nietzsche 144 Nigeria 259, 715 Nine to Five 722, 723 no-fault divorce laws 114,117,119 Noble Order of the Knights of Labor 720 non-cooperative bargaining 122, 330, 331,380, 381,382,383, 532 non governmental organizations 91, 93, 182,299, 301,302,477 Nonon, J Nordhaus, W 413 normative theory 572 Norris, J 200 North Africa 204, 219-25 North America 49,132, 224, 316, 596, 618 798 Index see also Canada; United States North American Free Trade Agreement 216,403,492, 494,495,496,497 North, D 479 Northern Europe 127 Norton, E.H Norway 52, 273, 279, 280, 282 domestic labour 131 gross domestic product 412,413 parental leave 585, 587 wage gap 747 Nott, S.M Nussbaum, M.C 414 Nygaard, V.L 429 O’Donnell, C 160, 161,163, 165 O’Donnell, M.G 436 O’Farrell, B 585, 587 O’Neill, J 697, 699, 700 Oakley, A 284, 285, 288 Oaxaca, R 747 objectivity 21, 22, 354, 393, 601, 629, 630, 663 occupational segregation 37, 263, 392, 578-83, 625-6 Office for Contract Compliance Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programmes 2, Office of Research on Women’s Health 429 Ohlin, B 490, 491 Okin, S.M 118,143, 646,648, 650 Okun, A 458-9 old age pensions 465 Old Age Survivor’s and Disability Insurance 699-700 Oldham, J.T 49 Oliner, S.D 27 Olmsted, J 225, 662 Olson, L.K 612 Olson, P 580 Omi, M 653, 654 One-Child Policy 181 Ong, A 452, 503 Onon, K 177 Ooms, T 699 Oregon law 640 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 48-9, 53, 289, 411,467,611,612,710 Orshansky, M 635 Osterman, P 3, Otero, M 29-30 Other 673 ‘Othering’ (Eurocentrism) 85 otherness 145, 672 Ott, N 331, 367, 381, 383, 387, 575 Ozler, S 406 Pacific 453 pacifism 599 Page, D 163 Pagnossin-Aligisakis, E 138, 414 paid labour 136,140, 147,148, 610,743 domestic labour 132 Palestine 219, 220, 222, 223, 224 Palma, G 98 Palmer, I 87-8,103,406,408,419, 691, 768 panchayats 208 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (University of Michigan) 626 Pang Eng Fong 237, 238, 239 PAP 238 Papps, I 221 paradigms 144-5 Paraguay 247, 252, 254 parental leave 585-91 Pareto, V 33, 285, 305-6, 559 Parkman, A.M 117, 119 Parpart, J.L 348, 354, 356, 548, 631, 667 Parr, J 171 Parrish, J.B 758, 760 Parson, R 351 part-time employment 77-8, 79, 80, 81 Passinetti, L 421 Pateman, C 146, 550 patriarchy 592-9 agriculture 11,13 Austrian economics 20 capitalism 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 child support 50, 51 China 176 class 58, 59, 62 discrimination 111 domestic labour 130,132 family wage 344, 345 feminism 351 feminization of poverty 376 Index gender 393 imperialism 453 income support and transfer policy 469 informal sector 474,476 Middle East and North Africa 219, 221 pensions and old age retirement 612 post Keynesian economics 626 postmodernism 630, 632 protective legislation 641 rhetoric 666 Russia 228, 233 socialism 683, 684, 685, 686 Sub-Saharan Africa 259, 260 tax policy 697 United States 266 urban and regional economics 725, 729 Western Europe 274, 276, 278, 279, 283 Pattnaik, I 41 Paul, A 564 pauperization of motherhood 38 pay equity 645, 749 Pay Equity Act (1987) 72 Pearce, D 373-5,466 Pearson, R 100,101, 357,406,407, 451,452,453,492,493,494 peasantry 14-16 Pechman, J.A 68 Peck, J 729 pedagogy 600-607 peer group lending 29, 31 Pennar, K 311 Pennington, S 199 pensions and old age retirement 609-15 People’s Action Party Women’s League 236 Perdue, T 265 Perkins, E 297 Perkins, F 270 Perlmutter, T 739 Perrons, D 109,111,346, 729 Perry, G.E 253 Persky, J 284, 285, 288, 661 personal laws 205 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (1996) 752 799 Persons Case (1929) 170-71 Persson, I 533 Peru 57,137, 247,472 Petchesky, R.P 620 Peters, E.H 532 Peters, H.E 117 Petersen, C 755 Peterson, J 73,147, 480,484, 716 Petrova, D 188, 190 petty commodity production 473 Petty, SirW 412 Pfeffer, J 111 Phelps, C.E 427 Phelps, E 109, 579, 703, 706, 707 Philippines 242,453, 560, 688, 765 Philipson, I.J 540 Phillips, A 73, 355 Phillips curve 310 Phillips, E 169,171 Phillips, P 169,171 Phipps, S 174, 331, 341, 625, 638 physical abuse 122,123,125 physical capitalism 512 Picchio, A 255,422 Pienkowska, A 721 Pierson, R.R 172, 173 Pietila, H 526-7 Pietykowski, B.A 665 Pigou, A.C 304, 413,439, 443 Pinchbeck, I 194, 274 Piore, M 506,513 Pipiltin 209-10 Piven, F 274, 374, 375, 645 Pixley, J 137, 138-9 Platform for Action 92,401 Plumwood, V 656 Poats, S 11 Polachek, S 513,579 Poland 137,185,188,189, 716,720-21, 747 Feminist Association 190 Women's League 190 Polanyi, K 33, 257, 258 Polanyi, L 355, 363, 367, 369, 664-5 Politburo 231 political issues 59 India 207 Russia 231 Singapore 237 South America 248 800 Index politics of difference 632 see also feminization Polivka, A.E 77 Power, M 517, 656 Polkinghom, B 434, 441 Pratt, G 583,727, 728 Poliak, R.A 513, 532,551 Prebisch, R 98 divorce 113,114 preferences 356, 623 family 330, 332 Preston, A 43, 742 game theory and bargaining models primary labour market 110, 506, 514 380, 381,383,384, 385, 388 principle of body 143 polygamy 236, 530-31 principle of mind 143 polygyny 259 prisoner’s dilemma 310, 380, 386-7 Poor Law Commissioners 194-5 Pritchett, L 458 Poor Laws 197, 274 private pension 610 Popper, K 144 private sphere 142, 645 population 616-21, 702 privatization 290, 613 Population Association of America 533 productivity 748 Population Council 619 Programme of Action 619-20 Porfirio-Diaz regime 211 Progressive Era 564, 567, 751, 760 Porter, F 159 Progressive movement 269 Portes, A 60, 472, 473 proletariat 60 Portugal 82, 273, 278, 279, 280, 282, property rights 198, 205, 259,277, 683 338 protective legislation 277, 639-43 Portuges, C 603, 606 Prugl, E 294, 296 Posadskaya, A 233, 339 Przeworski, A 61 positive theory 572 Psacharopoulos, G 247 positivism 144, 145, 601, 665 psychological abuse 125 Posner, R 25 public policy 124 post Keynesianism 84, 546, 622-7 public sector economics/public finance post Marxism 84 644-51 postmodernism 348, 353, 354, 355-6, public sphere 142, 645 546, 628-32 public-private distinction 146,147, methodology 547-8, 549 573-4 rhetoric 667 Puerto Rico 494 poststructuralism 353, 354, 355-6 Pujol, M.A 86, 350, 366, 368, 393,443, poverty 545, 574 China 179-81 history of economic thought 434,438, gap 635 439-40,441 India 203, 208 Pushkareva, N 227, 228, 230 measurement and analysis 634-8 Pyle, J.L 278, 290, 291, 293, 297, 712, Middle East and North Africa 221, 715 224 Singapore 237, 238, 239, 240, 241 pensions and old age retirement 609, 610,612, 614,615 Qatar 221, 222 population 620 Quah, E 244 rhetoric 667 qualitative methods 553 Russia 232-3 Quandagno, J 609 threshold/line 634-5, 636, 637 quantitative methods 553 United Kingdom 197 Queer 672, 673 United States 271 ‘queer geography’ 726 welfare reform 753, 754, 755 ‘queer theory’ 671-4 Western Europe 281 Quesnay, F 412 Index quotas race/ethnicity 653-7 affirmative action Australia and New Zealand 157,166 Austrian economics 23 capitalism 34, 36, 37, 38 class 57, 58,60 discrimination 107,110, 111 divorce 114 domestic abuse 125 domestic labour 131 dualisms 145,151 economic man 287 economics education 310, 312, 313, 314,315 education, economics of 318, 319, 321,322 family policy 342 family wage 344 feminism 349, 350, 353 feminization of poverty 375, 376 gender 391,392, 394, 395 glass ceiling 398, 399,401 globalization 405,406, 407,408 growth theory 420 health 427, 428, 431 imperialism 455 international economics 495, 496, 497 labour force participation 502, 504 labour market segmentation 506, 507­ 8, 509-10 labour markets 514, 516, 517, 519 macroeconomics 526, 527 methodology 553 minimum wage 564 neoclassical economics 570, 573 occupational segregation 583 patriarchy 595, 598, 599 pedagogy 601 post Keynesian economics 627 postmodernism 630 public sector economics/public finance 650 rhetoric 661 sexual orientation 671, 673, 677, 678 Singapore 240 socialism 685 Sub-Saharan Africa 259 801 unemployment and underemployment 712-17 unions 719, 722 urban and regional economics 726, 728, 729 value 735 volunteer labour 743 women’s budgets 769 see also racism racism 1, 2,452, 596, 653, 684, 685 Radcliffe, S.A 558 radicalism 111, 506, 602, 603, 625, 641, 684 Radigan, A.L 588-9 Raheim, S 27 Raiffa, H 383 Raisian, J 150 Ramachandran, V.K 204 Ramstad, Y 483 RAND Institute 427 Ranis, G 422 Rantalaiho, L 716 Rao, V 123, 125 Rathbone, E 439 rational actor model 420 rational choice theory 25,113, 286, 571-2, 576, 581,674 rationality 20,21, 285, 287, 288, 356, 531 Ravenstine, E.G 556 Rawls, J 648 Raymond, J.G 429 Razavi, S 84, 87, 88, 89, 90 Reagan, B 66, 68, 655, 761 Reagan, R 249, 375, 468, 752 Reaganomics 375 Redman, D 440 Redmount, E 154 Reed, B 676 Reform Bill (1832) 199 regression models 154, 155 regulation theory 726 Reich, M 506, 507, 510 Reid, M 126-7, 134, 329,414,437-8, 550, 645 religion 115,116, 219-20,221 remarriage 118 Remick, H 73 Rendon Gan, T 212-13 Rendon, T y Carlos Salas 212 802 Index Renwick, T 364,568,635,636,637,649 repeater loans 29 reproduction tax 103 reproductive health 617, 618, 619-20, 621 reproductive work 85 residual hypothesis 702 Reskin, B 446, 501,582 Retirement Equity Act (1984) 610, 614 Reuther, R.R 326 reverse discrimination rhetoric 659-67 Rhodesia 260 Rhyne, E 29-30 Ricardo, D 434,490,491,497, 536, 732, 733-4 Rice, T 427 Rich, A 607, 670, 678-9 Riechers, J.K 123 Riley, D 355 Rimmer, S 747 Rives, J 714 Rix, S 609,611,613 Roberts, B 313,394, 603, 661 Roberts, E 195 Roberts, R 101 Robertson, C 259 Robertson, L 662, 665 Robinson Crusoe metaphor 287, 395, 455, 549, 573, 660-61 Robinson, J 136, 138, 622, 623 Robles, R 215 Rodgers, H.R Jr 376 Rodgers, J.D 739 Rodgers, J.L 635 Rodgers, J.R 635 Rodrik, D 404, 405 Rogers, E 703, 706, 707 Rojas, R 215-16 Roldän, M 12, 13,15, 60, 62, 63, 137, 139,214,407,453,474,477 Romania 185, 189, 190, 747 Communist Party: Central Committee 189 Römer, P.M 424 Romero, M 502 Roos, P 446, 582 Rorty, R 629, 663 Rosaldo, M 142 Rose, N 676, 755 Rose, S 196, 343, 344, 345, 640, 641, 643 Rosen, H.S 698 Rosen, S 182,443 Rosenberg, R 760 Rosenberg, S 656 Rosenthal, M 629 Ross, D 758, 759, 760 Ross, J 611 Rosser, S.V 312, 428 Rossiter, M 759, 760 Roster of Women Economists 67-8 Rostow, W.W 83, 97, 98 Rotella, E 269, 271 Rothbard, M 18 Rothenberg, D 454 Rothstein, D 79 Rotkirch, A 233 Roundtable government (1990) 190 Rowbotham, S 295, 351, 408, 705, 707 Royal Commission 164 on the Status of Women (1970) 172 Rubery, J 110, 365, 421, 517,595, 713, 747, 749 Rubin, G 351,539 Ruddick, S 53, 352 Rudebusch, G.D 27 Rueschemeyer, M 233 Ruggles, P 635, 636, 755 Ruiz.V.L 215,265 Ruiz-Quintanilla, S.A 717 Rule, W 238 rural-urban dichotomy 179 Russell Sage Foundation 565, 566 Russia see Soviet Union Ruttan, V.W 703, 704-5 Ruzek, S 427,428 Ryan, M.P 267 Sachs, C 297 Sachs, K 9, 14 Saegert, S 725 Safa, H 294, 296, 451, 453,494, 501 Saffiotti, H 100 Sahel 137 Sahlins, M 367 Sahn, D 691 Sainsbury, D 467 Saito, K 705, 706, 707 Salmon, M 267 Index Samson, M 287,660-61 Samuelson, P, 379 Sandefur, G 118 Sandeil, S 447,611,614 Sander, W 115 Sanders, R 557 Sandler, B.R 601, 604, 605 Sangster, J 171 Santos, B 12 Sap, J 361,386 Sapiro, V, 645, 650 Sarvasy, W 375, 376 Sassen, S 61, 251, 729 Saudi Arabia 221, 222, 223, 224 Saville-Smith, K 157 Saw Swee-Hock 239, 240 Sawer, M 765, 766 Sawhill, I 67, 754 Say, J.-B 440 Sayer, K 719 Scandinavia 40, 282, 338, 376,413, 609, 746 Schaffer, K.B 738, 742, 743 Schalkwyk, J 84 Schejtman, A 15 Schellhardt, T 396-7 Schkolnik, S 247 Schmink, M 12 Schoem, D 602 school location 320 school quality 320 Schram, V.R 738 Schuler, S.R 30 Schultz, T 329, 443,447, 557 Schumpeter, J 22,154,434 Schwartz, A 43 science 145, 618, 663, 705 Scott, A 323 Scott, C 83 Scott, H 186 Scott, J 504 Scott, J.W 275, 276, 278, 349, 642 Seager.J 291,293 Seavey, D.K 755 Sebberson, D 437,480, 666 Seccareccia, M 624 Seccombe, W 196 second wave feminism 163, 348 secondary labour market 110,407, 506, 514 803 Secord, P 531 Seeborg, M.C 714 segmented labour market theory 110, 511,514-15,517,518,519, 580, 581 Seguino, S 293, 407,494 Seiu District 925 722, 723 Seiz, J 267, 332, 369, 382, 387,438, 488, 532, 632 methodology 550, 551, 553 race 664, 665 Select Committee on the Sweating System 199 Self-Employed Women’s Association 296,477 self-interest 285, 286, 288, 575, 647 Selten, R 383 Seltzer, J 118 Sen, A 14, 93, 181, 204, 295, 306, 384, 414, 461, 650 development theories 96,97 family 332, 334 feminist economics 364, 366 poverty 636, 638 unemployment and underemployment 710,712 Sen, G 10, 92, 249, 294, 345,429, 617 development theories 100-101, 104 feminism 348, 349, 351 globalization 405,406,408 Senegal 259 separate spheres 142, 146, 148 serfdom 226, 227, 233 ‘set aside’ programmes settlement house movement 269 Seung Sin Chung 118 sex discrimination 1, 392 sex-tourism industries 453 sexism 20, 452 Sexton, E.A 320 sexual abuse 125 sexual harassment 244 sexual orientation 34, 36,107,125, 314, 353, 354, 395, 670-79 sexuality 25, 391, 394, 395, 617, 674, 676, 677, 678 Shabad, G 692 Shackelford, J 314, 316,487, 603, 604 Shank, S 79 Shapiro, D 447 804 Index Sha’rawi, H 220 sharecropping 57 Shari’a (Islamic law) 219,221, 259 Sharp, R 163, 488, 765, 766-7 Sharpe, P 193 Shaver, S 165 Shaw, L 377,400 Sheppard, K 162 Shields, G.M 559 Shields, M.P 559 Shiva, M 620 Shiva, V 37, 326, 598-9, 620, 685 Shoesmith, D 493 Sichtermann, B 139 Sidel, R 376 Siegfried, J 311, 602 Singapore 99, 293 Association of Women Lawyers 242 Council of Women 236 Council of Women’s Organizations 242 economic history 235-44 international economics 493 Legislative Assembly 236 unemployment and underemployment 712 Singell, L 728, 761 Singer, H 98 Singh, A 692 single-parent families 118 Sixteen Decisions 29 Sjoquist, D.L 699 Skinner, J 116 Sklair, L 406 Skold, K 43 Slater, M 758, 760 slavery 57, 653, 655 Slomczynski, K 692 Small, K 70 Smeeding, T.M 609,612 Smith, A 95, 434,439,443,490, 536, 616, 634, 644-5 value 732, 733, 735 Smith, B 654 Smith, C.E 743 Smith, D 602 Smith, J 3, 761 Smith-Lovin, L 738, 741 Smock, P.J 117, 118 Smythe, I 364, 620 SNA 411-12 Snow, R 429 social economics 627 social location 570 social norms 385 social safety net 114 Social Security 466,470, 610-14,700­ 701,751 Act 464-5, 467, 468, 612, 751 Administration 635 Review (1994) 172 tax policy 699-700 socialism 226, 348, 350-53, 356-7,539, 541,681-7 democratic 683 family wage 344 market 682 Marxist political economics 538 population 618 public sector economics/public finance 645 Russia 231-2 unemployment and underemployment 716 societal factors 398 Society for Promotion of Employment of Women 274 socioeconomic characteristics 123, 125, 483-4 sociological descriptions 671 sociology 627 Sockwell, W.D 434 Solidarity 189 Solnick, L.M 320 Solow.R 421,515,702 Somalia 258, 263 Sons and Daughters of St Crispin 719 Sontheimer, S 326 Sorensen, E 53, 71, 73, 74,748 Sotelo, J 216 Soto, S.A 211 South Africa 93, 260, 263, 765, 766 South America 246-55 South Asia 14, 204, 241, 333, 364,427, 556 agriculture 14 family, economics of 333 feminist economics 364 health 427 migration 556 Index South Korea 99, 138, 242, 293,493,494 South-East Asia 201,235, 241 agriculture 13 class 61 development theories 99 economic restructuring 290, 293 imperialism 451,452 migration 556 structural adjustment policies 691-2 South-West Asia 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225 Soviet Union 137, 681, 720 economic history 226-34 socialism 682, 683, 685 unemployment and underemployment 712,716 Spain 273, 275, 278, 279, 280, 282 contingent labour force 78, 81 double day/second shift 137, 139 family policy 338 Mondragon worker cooperatives 682 Spalter-Roth, R 124, 377,430, 568, 586, 590, 755 Spanish Conquest 210 Sparr, P 294, 296, 375, 406,495, 715 Special Economic Committee 239-40 Spector, R.G 114 Spelman, E.V 353, 656 Spender, D 570 Spindel, C 15 Spitze, G 115 Spoonley, P 159 Sraffa, P 622 Sri Lanka 293, 715, 766 stabilization policies 523, 525, 527 Stafford, F 136, 137 Stageman, J 719, 722 Stalin, J 229 Stalinist purges 230 Standing, G 407, 691 Standing, H 706, 707 standpoint theory 546, 547 Stanfield, J.D 703, 706, 707 Stanfield, J.R 475 Stark, E 430 Stark, O 559-60, 561 Starrels, M.E 376 state involvement 461-3, 646, 648 State Sector Act (1988) 165 statistical discrimination 512, 513, 579 805 statistical methods 481,485, 552 Statistics Canada 138, 172 Status of Women Canada 172 Stein, J.C 27 Steinberg, R 73,74, 642, 742 Stephen, L 11, 13, 215 Stephens, R 165,166 Steurle, E.C 700 Stewart, M.L 276, 277 Stichter, S 259 Stinson, L 137,138 Stoler, A 368, 454 Stone, A.J 610 Stone, J 761 Stotsky, J.G 649 Strassmann, D 306, 355, 487, 549, 572­ 3,598,648, 661,664-5 feminist economics 362, 363, 367, 368, 369 Straus, M.A 121 Strober, M 22, 51, 361,454, 487, 524, 531,582, 761 child care 44,45 structural adjustment policies 91,103, 687-93 economic restructuring 289, 292, 294, 299 globalization 402,404,405,406,408 growth theory 419 income distribution 462 international economics 492, 494, 495 methodology 552 South America 249, 250, 251, 253 structuralist perspective 469, 473,475­ 6,477 structures of constraint 36-7, 38, 51 Strumilin, S.G 137 Stryker, S 673 Studenski, P 412 Sub-Saharan Africa 99, 257-63, 290, 295, 297, 691 Subbarao, K 252, 321 subjectivism 21, 22, 354, 393 Subordination of Women Group at the Institute of Development Studies 101 subproletariat 60 Subramanian, S 588 substitution hypothesis 714 suburbanization 727 806 Index Sudan 221,222, 224,259 suffrage movement 162,163, 269 Sullivan, T 711,717 Summerfield, G 178, 296, 297 Summers, A 157, 159, 162,163 Summers, L.H 156 supply and demand 512,570-71, 575, 576, 581,582, 734 supply-side models 407-8, 409, 462 Supreme Court 566, 567, 640 surplus extraction 55, 56 surplus labour 423 surplus value 734 Survey Research Center (University of Maryland) 137 Survey Research Center (University of Michigan) 137 Swan, T.W 421 Swartz, M 564, 565 Sweated Industries Exhibition 199 Sweating Commission 161,164 Sweden 40, 52, 273, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281,282, 283 child support 53 class 62 contingent labour force 82 family policy 338, 340 income distribution 458,462 income support and transfer policy 467,469 parental leave 585, 587 unions 721 volunteer labour 739 wage gap 747 Switzerland 82, 273, 275, 279, 282 Syria 223 System of National Accounts 128,411 Szalai, A 137 Tabb, W 406 Taiwan 99, 293, 493, 712 Tanzania 766 Tate, J 282 Tauchen, H.V 122,123-4, 382 Tax, M 269 tax policy 649, 696-701 Tax Reform Act (1986) 698 Taylor, B 73 Taylor, H 435, 530, 645 Taylor, L 690 Taylor, S 430 Te Awekotuku, N 158 Teaching and Pedagogy Committee 488 Teamsters 723 Tebhaga movement 206 technology 483, 702-8, 730 Teiman, M 350, 368, 761 Telengana struggle 206 temperance movement 162, 269 Temporary Aid to Needy Families see Aid to Families with Dependent Children temporary work 81 Ten Hour Act (1847) 196 Ten Hours Movement 639 Tendulkar, S.D 203 Tetreault, M.K.T 602 Thadani, V.N 557 Thailand 453 theory of the firm 622 Third World 86 agriculture 9-16 capitalism 37 development policies 85 development theories 99 feminism 348 globalization 402,403,404,405,406, 408 imperialism 449,450, 451,452, 454, 455,456 informal sector 474 International Association for Feminist Economics 488 international economics 489,491, 492,494,495,496 population 618, 620 postmodernism 631, 632 rhetoric 667 structural adjustment policies 688 technological change 703 unemployment and underemployment 715 women’s budgets 767 Thomas-Emeagwali, G 291 Thompson, W 684 Thomson, D.L 434 Thome, A.C 437 Thraen, I 487 threat point (fallback position) 14, 332, 380, 381 Index Thurman, J.E 82 Tiano, S 215 Tickell, A 729 Tiefenthaler, J 122,123 Tietenberg, T 323 Tilly, C 61, 78, 80,401, 507-8, 517, 716,752, 754,755 feminization of poverty 373-4, 377 income distribution 457, 460, 462 Tilly, L.A 275, 504 time budget studies 133 time use studies 133, 136,137,138, 139,140 Timothy Eaton Company 171 Tinker, I 89,100, 295, 296, 297, 300, 476 Tipps, H.C.712 Titkow.A 189 Tobias, S 602 Tobin, J 41,413, 753 Todaro, M.P 556, 557 Todaro, R 254 Todd, H 28, 30 Todorova, M 185,189 Tomaskovic-Devey, D Tong, R.P 347 total factor productivity 703, 704, 707 total fertility rate 223 Toth, O 188 Townsend, P 634 Toye, J 96, 98, 101 tradable sector 102 trade liberalization 290 Trades Board Act 199 traditional division of labour 117, 330, 530 traditional economics 298-9, 696 tragedy of the commons 323, 324 Trah, G 82 training 118, 444-5, 579 transactions cost approach 513, 515, 517 transfer policy see income support and transfer policy transgender 670, 671, 673, 675 Transkei (southern Africa) 260 transnational corporations 403,404—5, 408 transsexuality 670 Traweek, S 369 807 Treaty of Rome 1, 3, 282 Tregilia, M 313, 606 Treiman, D.J 71, 73, 479 Trepp, J.C 312 Tripp, A.M 691 Tronto, J 42 Trzcinski, E 341, 364, 590 Tsurumi, E.P 719, 723 Tucker, J 220 Tuma, E.H 312, 313 Tunisia 221, 222 Tuominen, M 42 Turchi, B.A 340 Turkey 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 715 Turner, K 714 Tzannatos, Z 247 Uganda 766 Ulrich, L.T 266 uncertainty 622, 625 Unemployment Insurance 465,466, 751 unemployment and underemployment 188,249,710-17 Middle East and North Africa 223 Russia 232,234 Singapore 237-8, 239 South America 250-51 unexplained residual 154 UNICEF 690 UNIFEM 299, 300 Union of Australian Women 163 Union for Radical Political Economics 486, 540-41 unionism 164, 718-23 Canada 171, 172 pensions and old age retirement 615 protective legislation 640, 641 United Kingdom 198-9 Western Europe 277, 280 unitary household model of adoption 706 United Arab Emirates 221, 222 United Auto Workers 723 United Kingdom 273-82 and Canada 174 child care 40 child support 49, 50, 53 comparable worth/pay equity 72 dualisms 143, 147 economic history 193-200 808 Index economic thought, history of 435 economic welfare 303 environmental and natural resource economics 325 family policy 337, 338, 340, 341 family wage 345, 346 feminism 348, 350, 353 gender 394 glass ceiling 397 gross domestic product 412,413 growth theory 418 income distribution 458,462 income support and transfer policy 467 institutional economics 484 Marxist political economics 541 Middle East and North Africa 220 minimum wage 563, 564 pedagogy 603 protective legislation 639-40,641 and Singapore 235 unemployment and underemployment 713 unions 719 urban and regional economics 728, 729 value 732, 733 wage gap 746,747 women’s budgets 766 United Nations 95,223,299, 300, 301 Conference on Population 619-20 Development Programme 84, 91, 92, 104,138,242,291 Economic and Social Council 488 General Assembly 253 gross domestic product 411 Human Development Report 128 informal sector 475 Statistical Division 138 System of National Accounts 85,627 United States xvi affirmative action 1,4, Agency for International Develop­ ment (USAID) 28,475 banking and credit 27, 28, 29 Bureau of the Census 373, 636, 637 and Canada 174 capitalism xv, 37, 234 Census 508, 675 child care 39,40-42,43-4, 45 child support 51, 52,53 civil rights movement 387 class 60, 62, 63 Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession 67 comparable worth/pay equity 70, 72, 73 Congress 397, 590, 697, 746 Joint Economic Committee 637 contingent labour force 77, 81 Current Population Census Data Current Population Survey 711 Department of Labor: Women and Children’s Bureau 760 divorce 113 domestic abuse 121,122,124 domestic labour 126,127,131 double day/second shift 137 dualisms 143,145,147,148,150 economic history 264-72 economic restructuring 293 education, economics of 321 family policy 337, 339, 340 family wage 344, 346 feminism 348, 350, 353 feminist economics 367, 368 feminization of poverty 373-4, 376 glass ceiling 396, 397,401 gross domestic product 412,413 health 427,428,429,430 imperialism 449, 451, 452 income distribution 457,458,459, 460,461,462 income support and transfer policy 464-5,466,467,468,469 institutional economics 479, 481,482, 483,484,485 international economics 491,495,497 labour force participation 502, 503 labour market segmentation 506, 507, 508, 509 labour markets 514 Marxist political economics 541, 542 methodology 550 Middle East and North Africa 220, 223 migration 558-9 minimum wage 563, 564, 565, 566, 567-8 National Committee on Pay Equity 74 Index occupational segregation 578 parental leave 585, 587-8, 589 patriarchy 593, 594, 595, 597 pensions and old age retirement 609, 610,611,612,613 poverty 634-5, 637, 638 protective legislation 640, 642 public sector economics/public finance 645 race/ethnicity 654, 655, 656 rhetoric 660, 661 and Russia 229, 233 Seneca Nation 454 sexual orientation 672, 677 Silicon Valley 297 Social Security System 483 and South America 249 structural adjustment policies 688 tax policy 697, 699, 700, 701 technological change 702 unemployment and underemployment 710,711,712,713,714,716 unions 719, 720,721,723 urban and regional economics 728, 729 volunteer labour 738, 739, 740, 741 wage gap 746, 748, 749 welfare reform 750,751, 752,753, 755,756 and Western Europe 273, 278, 283 women in the economics profession 758,759 United Women’s Conventions 163 universal truth 629-30 unpaid work 136,138, 139,140 upper-class 453, 655,721, 729 urban development 240 urban and regional economics 725-30 Uruguay 247, 252-3 utility 22, 285, 733 value 732-7 Van Allen, J 375, 376 Van Kirk, S 169 Van Kleeck, M 564-5, 566-7 van Straveren, I 525 Varoufakis, Y 379, 387 Vaughn, K 19-21,25 Veblen, T xv, 34-5,56,479,480, 530, 623 809 Venezuela 247, 715 Verbrugge, L.M 139 vertical equity 696 Veugelers, J 739 Victoria Women’s Political Association 163 Vietnam 293, 295, 297 Vietoricz, T 514 Viola, D 43 violence against women 216-17 Violence Against Women’s Act (1994) 122 Visaria, P 202-3 Vogel, L 350, 588, 589, 640, 641, 642 Volgyes, I 186 voluntary employer-based pensions 610, 614 volunteer labour 85, 738-43 Von Bôhm-Bawerk, E 18 von Mises, L 18 Von Werlhof, C.K 451 Von Wieser, F 18 voting 188-9, 200, 236, 248 wage gap 3,746-9 econometrics 154,155 gender 391, 392 human capital theory 443-4,445 India 203 labour market segmentation 507 neoclassical economics 575 patriarchy 597 South America 250, 252 Sub-Saharan Africa 262, 263 unemployment and underemployment 715 United States 270, 271 urban and regional economics 728 Western Europe 274,276, 280, 283 wages determination model 318 discrimination 37,111 human capital theory 446 labour markets 511, 512 legislation Wages for Housework campaign 129 Wagman, B 131, 366,414 Waite, L.J 115 Waldfogel, J 80, 340 Walentynowicz, A 721 810 Index Walker, C 261, 262 Walker, D 23^1, 25 Walker, J.R 43 Walker, M 268, 699 Wallace, P 655 Waller, W 481, 530 Waller, W.T Jr 665 Wallerstein, I 257, 261 Walrasian auctions 524 Walters, B 421, 422, 768 Ward, K 37, 38, 290, 712, 715 Ware, N 719-20 Warf, B 726 Waring, M 151, 166, 366, 518, 523, 525, 627, 647, 735 economic restructuring 297, 298 gross domestic product 413,414 Warme, B.D 80 Warren, B 450 Warren, K 10, 326 Washington Consensus 253, 688 Watts, M 316, 602 Waugh, P 632 Wayland Woods, J 367 wealth maximization 285 Webb, B xv, 435, 565 Webb, S 565 Weber, M./Weberians 55, 56 Wee, V 294, 296 Weedon, C 334, 354 Weeks, J 96, 677 Weinhouse, B 428-9 Weintraub, E.R 368 Weisberg, D.K 650 Weisbrod, B.A 739, 742-3 Weiss, C Weiss, Y 50-51, 52 Weisskopf, T 646 Weissman, M 645, 719 Weitzman, L 50, 117 Welch, F welfare economics 650 programmes 736 reform 377, 637, 750-6 rights movement 466,467 states 278, 279, 281, 466-7,469-71, 645, 647 system 374-5 West Asia 204 Western Europe 49, 186, 229,293, 338, 376,418,481 Weston, A 496, 693 Westover, B 199 Wheeler, A 684 White, M.V 440 White, J 171 White, L 18 White, M 727 Whitebook, M 42 Whitehead, A 101 whiteness 672 Whitney, J.D 640 Whittington, L.A 533, 698 ‘widow effect’ 611 Wikander, U 639, 640 Wilbur, C 519 Wilk, R 662 Williams, R 4,110, 355, 368,394, 455, 517, 549,671 economic man 287,288 race 653-4,655, 656 Williams, W.W 349 Williamson, J 253 Williamson, O 479, 513 Willis, R, 50-51,52 Willoughby, J 590 Wilson, F 214 Winant, H 653, 654 Witte, A 43, 123-4 Wolchik, S 185,189 Wolf, D 9, 12,13 Wolfe, B 340, 341,557 Wollstonecraft, M 348 Woman’s Rights Convention 267 Women in Development (WID) 9, 83-4, 86, 87,90 Women and Development in the Sixth Five Year Plan 207 women in the economics profession 757-62 Women and Labour Conferences 163 Women of Russia party 233 women-worker movements 277 women’s budgets 166, 764-9 Women’s Caucus 65,486 Women’s Charter 236, 242 women’s councils (zhensovety) 231 Women’s Educational and Industrial Union of Boston 760 Index Women’s Electoral Lobby 163 Women’s Federation 182 Women’s Franchise (Act of 1918) 200 Women’s Industrial Council 199 women’s involvement in economy 201­ Women’s Labour League 199 Women’s Law of 1992 181 women’s movement 207, 270 women’s participation in paid work 158-60 Women’s Social and Political Union 199-200 Women’s Trade Union League 198, 564, 565, 593 Women’s World Banking 31 Wong, A.K 235, 236, 237, 238, 244 Wong, P 48 Woo, M 181 Wood, A 404, 406, 407 Woodbury, S 580 Woody, B 3, Woolley, F 174, 328, 531, 550, 574, 576, 635, 638 work intensity 138, 139,140 working conditions 512 Working Women’s Forum 477 working-class 60, 61 domestic labour 130 globalization 406 labour market segmentation 507 Marxist political economics 537 pensions and old age retirement 612 socialism 683, 684 unemployment and underemployment 715 unions 720 United States 267, 269 Western Europe 275 works councils Workshop Act (1867) 196 World Bank 299, 301, 404 banking and credit 28,29 development policies 84, 89 development theories 101 811 economic restructuring 290, 293 education, economics of 321 environmental and natural resource economics 325 globalization 408 gross domestic product 411 income distribution 462 informal sector 473,475, 476 international economics 492, 493, 495 pensions and old age retirement 610 structural adjustment policies 687, 688, 689 unemployment and underemployment 711-12,715 World Trade Organization 403, 492 worth/pay equity 642 Wright, E.O 61-3 Wright, R.E 638 Wrigley, J 42-3 Yakura, E.K 5, Yanz, L 171, 172 Yap, L.Y.L 557 Yeager, K.E 45 Yellen, J.515 Yemen 221, 222, 224 Yi, Yun-Ae 329, 437,438 Yim Seow Hua 239 Young, I 632 Young, K 101, 477 youth migration 561 Yugoslavia 137, 185 Yuval-Davis, N 353,454 Zambia 260, 296 Zapatista Army of National Liberation 216 Zein-Elabdin, E, 325,481, 484 Zepeda, L 706,707 Zhenoldel 229 Ziegert, A 67 Zimbabwe 258-9 Ziyada, M 220 Zopf, PE Jr 376 .. .THE ELGAR COMPANION TO FEMINIST ECONOMICS This page intentionally left blank The Elgar Companion to Feminist Economics Edited by Janice Peterson Professor o f Economics, State... presume to provide the definitive discussion of feminist economics, but rather seeks to provide the reader with an introduction to many of the major themes, issues and concerns reflected in the current... and contributors The editors very much appreciate all of the excellent insights and sugges­ tions received from the many contributors to the volume, and we thank them for all of their hard work