Peter Meusburger, Johannes Glückler and Martina El Meskioui (eds.), Knowledge and Space: Klaus Tschira Symposia, Knowledge and the Economy, 2013, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6131-5, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Volume Knowledge and Space Klaus Tschira Symposia Advisory Editors Gregor Ahn, Ariane Berthoin Antal, Joachim Funke, Michael Heffernan, Madeleine HerrenOesch, Friedrich Krotz, David N Livingstone, Edward J Malecki, Joseph Maran, Gunter Senft, Wolf Singer, Nico Stehr, Jürg Wassmann, Prof Peter Weichhart, Michael Welker and Benno Werlen Knowledge and Space This book series entitled “Knowledge and Space” is dedicated to topics dealing with the production, dissemination, spatial distribution, and application of knowledge Recent work on the spatial dimension of knowledge, education, and science; learning organizations; and creative milieus has underlined the importance of spatial disparities and local contexts in the creation, legitimation, diffusion, and application of new knowledge These studies have shown that spatial disparities in knowledge and creativity are not short-term transitional events but rather a fundamental structural element of society and the economy The volumes in the series on Knowledge and Space cover a broad range of topics relevant to all disciplines in the humanities and social sciences focusing on knowledge, intellectual capital, and human capital: clashes of knowledge; milieus of creativity; geographies of science; cultural memories; knowledge and the economy; learning organizations; knowledge and power; ethnic and cultural dimensions of knowledge; knowledge and action; and the spatial mobility of knowledge These topics are analyzed and discussed by scholars from a range of disciplines, schools of thought, and academic cultures Knowledge and Space is the outcome of an agreement concluded by the Klaus Tschira Foundation and Springer in 2006 For further volumes: http:​/​/​www.​springer.​com/​series/​7568 Editors Peter Meusburger, Johannes Glückler and Martina El Meskioui Knowledge and the Economy Editors Peter Meusburger Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Johannes Glückler Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Martina El Meskioui Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ISSN 1877-9220 ISBN 978-94-007-6130-8 e-ISBN 978-94-007-6131-5 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013933364 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Part I Knowledge Creation and the Geography of the Economy Introduction:​ Knowledge and the Geography of the Economy Johannes Glückler, Peter Meusburger and Martina El Meskioui Relations Between Knowledge and Economic Development:​ Some Methodological Considerations Peter Meusburger A Microeconomic Approach to the Dynamics of Knowledge Creation Patrick Cohendet, Jean-Alain Héraud and Patrick Llerena Knowledge Creation and the Geographies of Local, Global, and Virtual Buzz Harald Bathelt and Philip GTuri Creativity:​ Who, How, Where?​ Edward JMalecki The Problem of Mobilizing Expertise at a Distance Johannes Glückler Part II Knowledge and Economic Development Knowledge, Capabilities, and the Poverty Trap:​ The Complex Interplay Between Technological, Social, and Geographical Factors Jan Fagerberg and Martin Srholec Economics, Geography, and Knowing “Development” Eric Sheppard Knowing Mycellf™:​ Personalized Medicine and the Economization of Prospective Knowledge about Bodily Fate Bronwyn Parry 10 KnowledgeScapes:​ A New Conceptual Approach and Selected Empirical Findings from Research on Knowledge Milieus and Knowledge Networks Ulf Matthiesen Part III Knowledge and Geographical Clusters 11 Organizational Legacy and the Internal Dynamics of Clusters:​ The U.​S.​ Human Biotherapeutics Industry, 1976–2002 Maryann Feldman and Elaine Romanelli 12 Knowledge and Space in Economic History:​ Innovations in the German Empire, 1877–1918 Jochen Streb and Nicole Waidlein 13 Cluster Policy:​ A Guide to the State of the Debate Christian Ketels Abstracts of the Contributions The Klaus Tschira Foundation Index Contributors Harald Bathelt Department of Political Science and Department of Geography & Program in Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Patrick Cohendet BETA, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7522, Strasbourg, France HEC Montréal, Department of International Business (SEAI), Montréal, QC, Canada Jan Fagerberg Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway CIRCLE, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Maryann Feldman Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Johannes Glückler Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Jean-Alain Héraud BETA, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7522, Strasbourg, France Bureau d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France Christian Ketels Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA, USA Patrick Llerena BETA, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7522, Strasbourg, France BETA/PEGE, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France Edward J Malecki Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Ulf Matthiesen Department of European Ethnology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany Martina El Meskioui Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Peter Meusburger Department of Geography, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany Bronwyn Parry Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK Elaine Romanelli McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA Eric Sheppard Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Martin Srholec Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Jochen Streb Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany Philip G Turi Faculty of Law, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada Nicole Waidlein Department of Economic and Social History, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Part Knowledge Creation and the Geography of the Economy company, established its Heidelberg studio there Klaus Tschira bought Villa Bosch as a future home for his planned foundations toward the end of 1994 and had the building restored and modernized Combining the historic ambience of the 1920s with the latest infrastructure and technology, Villa Bosch reopened in new splendor in mid-1997, ready for fresh challenges Seminars and conferences are held today in the auditorium of the Villa Bosch Studio The former garage, located 300 m west of the villa, now houses the Carl Bosch Museum Heidelberg, founded and managed by Gerda Tschira and dedicated to the memory of the Nobel laureate, his life, and his achievements This book is the result of a symposium entitled “Knowledge and the Economy,” which took place at Villa Bosch (Fig ) For further information contact: Klaus Tschira Stiftung gGmbH Villa Bosch Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 33 D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany Tel: (06221) 533 113, Fax: 533 599 113 www.klaus-tschira-stiftung.de Fig Villa Bosch (© Peter Meusburger, Heidelberg) Fig Participants of the symposium “Knowledge and the Economy” at Villa Bosch in Heidelberg (© Thomas Bonn, Heidelberg) Index A Absorptive capacity Accademia del Cimento Account books Advantages of proximity Africa Alchemist Apple Arabic numerals Armed conflicts Asia Astronomical observatories Asymmetry of knowledge Austro-Hungarian Empire B Bacon, F Baden Balkans Bavaria “Being there,” Berlin Patent Office Best practice Biobanking Bioinformation BioScan Boundary spanner Boyer, H Breakaway firms Bridging multiple distances Bukovina Bunsen, R Buzz C Capabilities Capacity Capital accumulation Case study Catholics Center Center of power Centrally planned economy Chemicals Cities Civic action Club of Rome Cluster Cluster policy Codified knowledge Coevolution of space and knowledge transformation Cognitive abilities Cognitive proximity Collective action Collective research Co-location Communication and information ecology Communication process Communication technology Communities of practice Competence Competitive advantage Competitiveness Compulsory education Computer Computer-mediated communication (CMC) Concept of ba Conferencing groups Context-dependency Context of action Controlling the performance Copernicus Co-presence Coproduction Copyright Corruption perception Cost-benefit ratio Creative class Creative clusters Creative industries Creative places Creative process Creativity Crusades Cue functionalities Cultural industries D Decision-makers Degussa Depression-trigger hypothesis Descartes, R Development Development economics Diamond merchants Diffusion of knowledge Discourse Disease communities Distance Distant knowledge exchange Diversity of relationships Division of labor Domestic capital market Double-entry bookkeeping Doyle, M DTC genetic testing Dynamics of invention, 51 E Eastern Europe École polytechnique Economics catch-up competition competitiveness context development disparities geography good growth history interaction of knowledge modernization performance policy theory Education Educational achievement Educational attainment Electrical engineering E-mail Embeddedness Endogenous growth theory Energy Entrepreneur Entrepreneurship Equilibrium theorists Ethnographic tradition Europe Everyday knowledge Evolutionary economic geography Exclusive knowledge Exogenous factors Expatriate (expatriation) Experience Expertise Explicit knowledge External control F Face-to-face (F2F) contact interaction Factor analysis Farben, I.G Fertility F2F See See Face-to-face (F2F) Financial products Fine-grained knowledge flows First and second nature Focused communities Forms of knowledge Fortification technologies Freedom of the press Free information G Galatia Galileo Genentech Geodeterminism Geographical diversity Geographical political economy Geographical proximity Geographic coding Geography of knowledge of learning of production, distribution, and innovation Georgikon German Empire Germany Giessen Glass Global buzz Global production Google Governance Government-funded research Great Britain Gross domestic expenditure Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Group-based knowledge exchange Group structure in CMC Growth policy H Hanseatic merchants Head start in knowledge Heidelberg High-grade knowledge High-tech patent High-value patent Historical factors History of science HIV Homo oeconomicus House of Knowledge Huguenots Human capital Human genetic information Human therapeutics industry development patterns of growth I IDEO Ignorance Implicit knowledge Incremental innovation Industrial clusters Industrial revolution Information economy gap society Informational function Initial trust Innovation capability process projects system Innovative activity Innovative capacity Innovative product Institutions Intangibles Integrative competitive advantage Integrative function Intellectual capital Intellectual property Intellectual reparations Interactive learning International Standards Organisation (ISO) International trade fair Internet Internet users Interpretative communities Intra-organizational Intrinsic logic of cities Invention Investment banker banks capability Italy J Jews Joint history K Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft Kepler Keynesianism Keynes, J.M Knowing communities Knowledge creation culture divides domains and economic action economy environment exchange flows generation generation over distance management milieus movement networks and power sharing society spillover spiral as a tradable good transfer typologies Knowledge-based governance Knowledge-intensive industry KnowledgeScapes Know-who Kondratieff cycle Korea Krupp L Lack of knowledge Latin America Lead in information Lead in knowledge Learning-by-doing Learning process Leibniz, G Leitz Leopoldina in Halle Level of aggregation Liebig, J Literacy Local buzz Local constraints Local embeddedness Localized industrial system Local traditions Local versus global Location index Location quotient Lock-in Long-distance trade Long-term producer-user relations Low-skilled routine work M Mainstream economics Malaria Management Maps Marginal costs of production Market economy Market pull Marxism Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Mechanical engineering Medieval science Melanchthon, P Memory-based culture Mercantilism Mercantilization of knowledge Merck Middle ages Milieus Military superiority Modernization Modernization theory Molecular biology Monitoring Monopoly MSAs See See U.S Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) Multilocal organizations Multiplex meetings Multiplex ties Muslims N Napoleon Natural disasters Natural sciences Navigation Neoclassical economic theory Neoclassical theory Neoliberalism Nescience Networks analysis survey New communication technologies New geographies of circulation New institutional instruments New technologies Newton New York Noise Non-local relationship Non-verbal cues Northern Europe O Objective hermeneutics Observation Occupational skills Office of Scientific Research and Development Office of Technical Services (OTS) Online-conferencing Open innovation Organizational capacities Organizational coherence Organizational forms Organizational learning Organizational legacy hybrid legacy Organizational proximity Organized intelligence Organized proximity Orientational knowledge Orientation contact Orientation knowledge OTS See See Office of Technical Services (OTS) P Paper-making Participatory observation Patents law public goods right Path dependencies Periphery Permanent cluster Permanent co-location Permanent face-to-face interaction Personal computers Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt Planning contact Poor countries Porcelain Positionality Postindustrial society Post-Washington consensus Poverty Poverty trap Power Power center Power over others Practice communities Preparedness Printing press Prior knowledge Problem-solving Production capability Production cycle Production methods Productivity Professional skills Property rights Protestants Provincialization Proximate relations Proximity Q Qualification R Railroad industry Rationality Recipient of information Region Regional development Regional disparities of knowledge Regional inequalities Regional mobility Relational proximity Relations between knowledge and economy Religion Remote collaborations Reputation Research Research and development (R&D) Research facilities Research infrastructure Resilience Risk society Routine contact Royal Society in London S Saudi Arabia Scale of inquiry Scarce knowledge School enrollment Science push Scientific knowledge Scientific milieu Scientific research Secondary school enrollment Second industrial revolution Secrecy Secret knowledge Selective migration Sender of information Settlement hierarchy Site-specific rules Social and cognitive factors Social baggage Social capability Social capital Social constructivism Social development Social disparities Social environment Social information-processing theory Social network analysis Social ontology Social presence theory Social sciences Socioeconomic characteristics Socio-spatial dialectic Spatial diffusion of knowledge Spatial disparities of educational attainment Spatiality Spatiality of knowledge flows Spatial proximity Spatial relations Spatiotemporal ontology Spinoza Staple rights Steam engine Stock market Superior knowledge Swanson, B Symbolic meaning Systems of innovation T Tacit knowledge Tax records Technical competence Technological capability Technological capacity Technological catch-up Technological effort Technological invention Technological mastery Technological progress Technological traditions Technology Telecommunication Telephone Temporality Temporary cluster Temporary face-to-face interaction Temporary mobility Tertiary school enrollment Text-based CMC Theology Theoretical physics Time dimension Time horizon of observation Trade fairs Trademark Trade-offs Trade relations Training Transport Trust Tuberculosis Types of proximities U Uncertainty Unintended consequences University U.S congressional hearing Usefulness of schools User communities U.S Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) U.S War Department V Venture capital Venture expert Video-conference Virtual buzz Virtual collaboration Virtual collaborative practices Virtual knowledge exchange Visual channel Visualization Vulnerability W Washington Consensus Wealth Welfare Western democracies Westernization Women’s rights World bank World Development Indicators World values survey Württemberg Z Zone of knowledge transactions ... perspective of the knowledge economy and offers points of departure for a more realisitic and situated approach to the relation between knowledge and economy Knowledge and the Economy The traditional... between the sender and the receiver of information They exaggerate the role of the producer and codifier of knowledge and neglect the cognitive processes taking place in the receiver They overlook the. .. original ideas and empirical evidence to the study of the knowledge economy The knowledge economy, knowledge- intensive industries, the spatiality of knowledge, the role of proximity and distance