RT H FIED JO E W H IT W O NTI QUA R Co e d e fo nse fin r t r v in Ec he at g on N ion om ex y t Quantified Quantified REDEFINING CONSERVATION FOR THE NEXT ECONOMY Joe Whitworth Washington | Covelo | London Copyright © 2015 Joe Whitworth All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036 ISLAND PRESS is a trademark of the Center for Resource Economics Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934557 Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 Keywords: environmental markets, environmental policy, environmental lawsuits, environmental philanthropy, sustainable agriculture, water, Mississippi River, Klamath River Basin, Colorado River, Australia drought, The Freshwater Trust For Liz, Ellie, Anna, and Henry And all others who build from here Contents Note to Readers xi Acknowledgments Introduction xiii Chapter 1: A New Conservation for a New Era Chapter 2: Leading in a World of Permanent Scarcity 27 Chapter 3: Holding the Line Is Holding Back Environmentalism 50 Chapter 4: Real Cowboys Fix Rivers 71 Chapter 5: It’s the Environment, Stupid 91 Chapter 6: Throwing Money at the Problem (and Missing) 113 Chapter 7: Lessons from an Aussie Water Shock 135 Chapter 8: Getting Clear on the Big Muddy 156 Chapter 9: It’s Now and It’s Us 179 Notes 191 Further Reading Index 223 219 218 NOTES Jacques Leslie, “Los Angeles, City of Water,” The New York Times, December 6, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/07/opinion/sunday/los-angeles-city -of-water.html?_r=0 Jared Sichel, “Sukkot, Rain and Andy Lipkis’ Vision for L.A.’s Salvation,” Jewish Journal, October 7, 2014, http://www.jewishjournal.com/cover_story/article /sukkot_rain_and_andy_lipkis_vision_for_l.a.s_salvation_from_the_drought Leslie, “Los Angeles, City of Water.” Willis Harman, Global Mind Change: The Promise of the 21st Century (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1998), p viii Scott London, “Understanding Change: How It Happens, and How to Make It Happen,” http://www.scottlondon.com/reports/change.html Andrew S Grove, Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company (New York: Doubleday, 1996) Walter Isaacson, The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014), p 480 Thom Hartmann, “Transcript: Thom on ADHD, Drugs, Depression, etc.,” Thom Hartmann Program, March 22, 2006, http://www.thomhartmann.com /blog/2006/03/transcript-thom-adhd-drugs-depression-etc-mar-22-2006 10 Michael Hammer and James Champy, Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1993) 11 Peter M Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization (New York: Doubleday, 1990) 12 Emily Esfahani Smith and Jennifer L Aaker, “Millennial Searchers,” The New York Times, November 30, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/opin ion/sunday/millennial-searchers.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 13 AMP Agency and Cone, Inc., “The Millennial Generation: Pro-Social and Empowered to Change the World,” GreenBook, April 23, 2010, http://www greenbook.org/marketing-research/millennial-cause-study 14 Oakley Website, “Oakley History,” http://in.oakley.com/innovation/history Further Reading Adams, John H., and Patricia Adams A Force for Nature: The Story of NRDC and Its Fight to Save Our Planet San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2010 Arrillaga-Andreessen, Laura Giving 2.0: Transform Your Giving and Our World San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012 Barnett, Cynthia Blue Revolution: Unmaking America’s Water Crisis Boston: Beacon Press, 2011 Berry, Wendell Another Turn of the Crank Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint Press, 1996 Bishop, Matthew, and Michael Green Philanthrocapitalism: How the Rich Can Save the World New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2008 Blumm, Michael C Sacrificing the Salmon: A Legal and Policy History of the Decline of Columbia Basin Salmon Lake Mary, FL: Vandeplas Publishing, 2013 Bosso, Christopher J Environment, Inc.: From Grassroots to Beltway Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005 Brand, Stewart Clock of the Long Now: Time and Responsibility: The Ideas behind the Slowest Computer New York: Basic Books, 1999 Brand, Stewart Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto New York: Viking Penguin, 2009 Braungart, Michael, and William McDonough Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things New York: North Point Press, 2002 Braungart, Michael, and William McDonough The Upcycle: Beyond Sustainability— Design for Abundance New York: North Point Press, 2013 Chouinard, Yvon Let My People Go Surfing: The Education of a Reluctant Businessman New York: The Penguin Press, 2005 Christenson, Clayton The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000 Joe Whitworth, Quantified: Redefining Conservation For The Next Economy, DOI 10.5822/ 978-1-61091-615-8, © 2015 Joe Whitworth 219 220 FURTHER READING Christian-Smith, Juliet, and Peter H Gleick with Heather Cooley, Lucy Allen, Amy Vanderwarker, and Kate A Berry A Twenty-First Century U.S Water Policy Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012 Collins, Jim Good to Great and the Social Sectors: Why Business Thinking Is Not the Answer New York: HarperCollins, 2005 Collins, Jim, and Jerry I Porras Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies New York: HarperCollins, 1994 Conkin, Paul K A Revolution Down on the Farm: The Transformation of American Agriculture since 1929 Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2008 Cronon, William Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West New York: W.W Norton & Company, 1991 Darwin, Charles The Voyage of the Beagle Sydney: Beagle Press, 2013 Diamandis, Peter H., and Steven Kotler Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think New York: Free Press, 2012 Diamandis, Peter H., and Steven Kotler Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth and Impact the World New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015 Fishman, Charles The Big Thirst: The Secret Life and Turbulent Future of Water New York: Free Press, 2011 Friedman, Thomas H Hot, Flat and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution— and How It Can Renew America New York: Picador, 2009 Gleick, Peter H Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World’s Fresh Water Resources Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993 Glennon, Robert Water Follies: Groundwater Pumping and the Fate of America’s Fresh Waters Washington, DC: Island Press, 2002 Glennon, Robert Unquenchable: America’s Water Crisis and What to Do about It Washington, DC: Island Press, 2009 Goldberg, Steven H Billions of Drops in Millions of Buckets: Why Philanthropy Doesn’t Advance Social Progress Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009 Hardin, Garrett Exploring New Ethics for Survival: The Voyage of the Spaceship Beagle New York: Penguin, 1973 Hawken, Paul Growing a Business New York: Fireside, 1988 Hawken, Paul, Amory Lovins, and L Hunter Lovins Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1999 Heinberg, Richard The End of Growth: Adapting to Our New Economic Reality Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 2011 Isaacson, Walter The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014 FURTHER READING Jackson, Tim Prosperity without Growth: Economics for a New Planet New York: Earthscan, 2009 Kahrl, William L Water and Power: The Conflict over Los Angeles Water Supply in the Owens Valley Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982 Kawasaki, Guy The Art of the Start: The Time-Tested, Battle-Hardened Guide for Anyone Starting Anything New York: Penguin Group, 2004 Leopold, Aldo Round River Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993 Leopold, Aldo A Sand County Almanac: With Essays on Conservation from Round River Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966 Lichatowich, Jim Salmon without Rivers: A History of the Pacific Salmon Crisis Washington, DC: Island Press, 1999 Lynas, Mark The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2011 McPhee, John Encounters with the Archdruid New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1980 Midkiff, Ken Not a Drop to Drink: America’s Water Crisis (and What You Can Do about It) Novato, CA: New World Library, 2007 Pearce, Fred When the Rivers Run Dry: Water—The Defining Crisis of the TwentyFirst Century Boston: Beacon Press, 2006 Pollan, Michael The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals New York: The Penguin Press, 2006 Powell, John Wesley The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons New York: Penguin Classics, 2003 Powell, John Wesley Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States Cambridge, MA: Harvard Common Press, 1983 Prud’homme, Alex The Ripple Effect: The Fate of Freshwater in the Twenty-First Century New York: Scribner, 2011 Reisner, Marc Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water, revised edition New York: Penguin Books, 1993 Senge, Peter M The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization New York: Currency Doubleday, 1990 Seuss, Dr The Lorax New York: Random House, 1971 Shabecoff, Philip A Fierce Green Fire: The American Environmental Movement Washington, DC: Island Press, 2003 Speth, James Gustave Angels by the River: A Memoir White River, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2014 Speth, James Gustave The Bridge at the Edge of the World: Capitalism, the 221 222 FURTHER READING Environment, and Crossing from Crisis to Sustainability New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008 Stegner, Wallace Beyond the 100th Meridian: John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the West New York: Penguin Books, 1992 Suzuki, David, and Ian Hanington Everything under the Sun: Toward a Brighter Future for a Small Planet Vancouver, BC: Greystone Books, 2012 Tercek, Mark R., and Jonathan S Adams Nature’s Fortune: How Business and Society Thrive by Investing in Nature New York: Basic Books, 2013 Wallace, David Rains The Klamath Knot San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1984 Workman, James G Heart of Dryness: How the Last Bushmen Can Help Us Endure the Coming Age of Permanent Drought New York: Walker Publishing Company, 2009 Worster, Donald A River Running West: The Life of John Wesley Powell Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 Index Page numbers followed by “f ” and “t” indicate figures and tables Accounting, open-ended, 176–178 ACM Permanent Crop, LLC, 127–128 Adaptation, 57–64, 145–146 Adversarial relationships, 62–64, 76–77 Advocacy, 58–60 Aeroponics, 82 Agricultural runoff, 39–40, 83–84, 159, 160f Agricultural Water Enhancement Program (AWEP), 116 Agriculture Central Valley and, 71–73 collaborations and, 89–90 at crossroads in U.S., 73–75 holistic land management and, 87–88 Mississippi River and, 158, 162 need for quantified approach to, 79–88 optimizing crop yields and, 81 remaking, 189 success of in last century, 75–76 threats to, 76–79 using innovation, data, and analytics for, 82–85 Alfalfa, 88, 176 Alliance for Water Stewardship, 100 Alsea Valley Alliance, 51 Amazon, 14, 16–17 Andreessen, Marc, 53 Apollo 8, 30–31, 30f Apple, 11–12 Attorney fees, 61 Australian Conservation Foundation, 149 Australian water crisis coordinated response to, 140–142 criticism of response to, 149–150 lessons learned from, 150–154 overview of, 137–140 as quantified approach to water management, 142–149 Awareness, situational, 10, 11–13 Bakken oil industry, 162–163 Barges, 158, 163 Barnett, Tim, 136 Basin Scout, 20, 168 Bayer, 89 BBB Wise Alliance, 119 Benbrook, Charles M., 80–81 Beneficial use, 34 Benefit corporations, 99 Joe Whitworth, Quantified: Redefining Conservation For The Next Economy, DOI 10.5822/ 978-1-61091-615-8, © 2015 Joe Whitworth 223 224 INDEX Beverage Industry Environmental Roundtable (BIER), 109–110 “Big Dry,” 139 Biodiversity, 66 Bioreactors, 85 B Lab certification program, 98 Bloomberg Philanthropies, 126 Boards-level buy-in, 103 Bottling plants, 91, 92 Brabeck, Peter, 110 Brown, Frazier v., 35 Buffer zones, 83 Bureau of Reclamation, 61, 72 Business Roundtable, 54–55 California, 47, 71–73, 77, 84–85, 86 California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS), 86 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), 93, 100 Carnegie, Andrew, 115 Carson, Rachel, 38, 53–54 Central Valley (California), 71–73, 76 CEO Water Mandate, 102–103, 108, 110 Certification programs, 86, 98–99 Champy, James, 188 Chandler, Arizona, 91–92 Charity Navigator, 119–120 CharityWatch, 120 Chen, David, 127–128 Chesapeake Bay, 28–29, 174 Churchill, Winston, 41 Citizen suits, 60–61 Clean Air Act (CAA), 54 Clean Water Act (CWA) basin-specific water budgets and, 46–47 Blackbird Creek and, 1–2 conservation efforts and, discharge water temperature and, 130–132, 171 history of environmentalism and, 54 litigation and, 61 Mississippi River and, 166, 167 nonpoint source pollution and, 29 shortcomings of, 38–40 successes of, 12, 38 water quality and, 37 wetland mitigation banks and, 164–165 Clean Water Partnership, 48 Climate change, 13 Coca-Cola, 91, 92, 108–109, 170 Coen Gilbert, Jay, 98 Colorado River, 12, 135–137, 137f, 150–154 Colorado River Compact, 151 Columbia River, 43–44 Conservation International, 66–67 Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), 164, 169 Conservation Stewardship Program, 117 Consumer price index (CPI), 19, 99–100 Cooling towers, 130–131 Corn, 159, 160f, 162, 176 Costanza, Robert, 68 Cover crops, 43, 83, 85 Creative litigation, 61 Credit projects, 131–132 Credits, 171 See also Water trading Crop yields, 79–80, 81, 89 Crowdfunding, 123 Cuyahoga River, 38, 39f, 54 Data and analytics, 10, 17–21, 42–43, 82–85, 114 DDT, 54 Dead zones, 2, 8, 12, 156–157, 164, 167, 170–171 “The Death of Environmentalism” (Shellenberger and Norhaus), 57–58 Department of the Interior (DOI), 37, 55 Desalination, 107 Desertification, 87 INDEX “Dirty Water” list, 28 Discharge water temperature, 130–132, 171 Disease eradication, 113–115 D.light design, 125 Donor-as-investor mentality, 120–123 Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), 100 Drinking water, 37, 40, 158, 166–167 Drought-tolerant crops, 80 DyeCoo Textile Systems, 103 Earth Day, 54, 56 Economics, 67–69, 147, 157–158 See also Funding Ecosystem services, 67–69, 67f, 130–132, 161–162, 182–183 80/20 principle, 186–187 Endangered Species Act (ESA), 13, 37, 51–52, 54, 61 The End of Growth (Heinberg), 32 Environmental health index (EHI), 19, 100 Environmentalism advocacy and, 58–60 bridging economic interests with, 67–69 failure to adapt and, 57–64 history of modern, 53–57 litigation and, 60–62 more effective use of funding and, 69–70 need for overhaul of, 50–52 new approach to, 64–70 new tools for, 64–67 remaking, 189 “us vs them” mentality and, 62–64 Environmental markets, 24–25 Environmental Policy Center, 59 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 37, 167 Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), 116, 164 Environmental warning fatigue, 59 “Environment Inc.” (Knudson), 60 Equilibrium Capital, 127–128 Ethanol, 162 Evapotranspiration, 86 Executive orders, 169 Extinctions, 65–67, 78 Farm Bill, 116 Fast Company (Fishman), 104 Feedlots, 159, 160f Fertilizers, 75, 85, 177 See also Nitrogen; Phosphorus Fieldprint Calculator, 90 Field to Market, 89–90 The Fifth Discipline (Senge), 188 Filter strips, 43 Finite resources, 30–32 Fish, 88, 158 See also Specific fish Fish and Wildlife Service, duties of, 37 Fishing industry, 78–79, 170 Floodplains, 179–181 Flood-tolerant crops, 80 Foley, Jonathan A., 79–81, 83, 86 Food companies, 189 See also Specific companies Fracking, 4–5, 162–163 Frazier v Brown, 35 Freshwater Trust, 13, 20, 51, 87–88, 90, 128–133, 168, 188–189 Fullerton, John, 128 Funding See also Philanthropy advocacy and, 59–60 for agricultural improvement, 86–87 environmental markets and, 24–25 federal, 37 Mississippi River and, 169–170 more effective use of, 69–70 Murray-Darling Basin Authority and, 145 overview of, 21–22 public and private spending for, 22–24 qualified approach to, 120–123 225 226 INDEX Gain, overview of, 10, 21–25, 21f Gates Foundation, 113–115, 120 Genetically modified (GM) food, 80–81, 96 Geographic information systems (GIS), 41, 168 Geological Survey (USGS), 37, 40 Global Mind Change (Harman), 183 Global Positioning Systems (GPS), 84 Global Reporting Initiative, 100 Goldman Sachs, 125–127 Google, 14 Google Earth, 43, 44f, 168 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, 132–133 Grants, 116–119, 145, 164 See also Philanthropy Greenhouse gas emissions, statistics on, Green infrastructure, 68, 69f, 171 Green Revolution, 75–76, 80, 159 Grey infrastructure, 68, 171 Gross domestic product (GDP), 19, 93, 99–100, 147 Gross world product, 10 Groundwater drought and overpumping of, 73 lack of oversight of, 35–36, 40 limiting pumping of, 73 Mississippi River and, 166–167 pumping back into aquifers and, 91–92 Grove, Andy, 94–95, 185 Gulf of Mexico, 2, 12, 156–157, 164, 167, 170–171 Hadoop, 184–185 Heinberg, Richard, 32 Herbicides, 75, 80–81 Herren, Hans, 81 Hewlett-Packard (HP), 66–67 Holistic land management, 87–88 Hookworm, 115 Hoover Dam, 135 Howard, John, 142 HP Earth Insights initiative, 66–67 100th meridian boundary, 34 Hydraulic fracturing, 4–5, 162–163 Hydroponics, 82 Hypervigilance, 187 Hypoxia Tax Force, 167, 171 Idaho, 106 Illinois River Basin, 168 Impact investing, 120, 125–128 Impaired rivers and streams, 15–16, 15f Incentives, 63, 86, 116–117, 152–153, 164 Indicators of environmental health, 99– 101 See also Specific indicators Industrial Revolution, Industry board-level buy in and, 103 changing relationship of to water, 101–110 comprehensive approach and, 102–103 improving water at basin level and, 108–109 leadership position and, 109–110 Mississippi River and, 170 need for broader focus by, 97–99 overuse of water by, 94 overview of water use by, 91–93 pricing of water and, 101–102 remaking, 189 risk management and, 94–96 shift in sustainability by, 110–112 short-termism and, 97 tracking environmental health and, 99–101 water footprint reduction by, 104–108 Inflection points, 95, 95f Innovation, 10, 16–17, 82–85, 113–115, 145, 185–186 See also Technology The Innovators (Isaacson), 185–186 Intel, 91–92, 95, 104–105 INDEX Intellectual Ventures, 114 International Organization of Standardization, 100, 110 Iowa Soybean Association, 85 Irrigation, 74, 82–86, 83f, 145 Isaacson, Walter, 185–186 “Is Environmentalism Dead?” (Werbach), 57 James River Basin, 168 Jannard, James, 190 Jobs, Steve, 11–12, 187 Jones, Paul Tudor, 121 Kennedy, John F., 17, 134 Klamath River Basin, 27–29 Knowles, Craig, 142, 143, 146, 148 Kramer, Mark, 117 Kresge Foundation, 133 Kuhn, Thomas, 182 Labeling programs, 87 Land trusts, 53 Las Vegas, Nevada, 135–137 Laws becoming outdated, 38–40 governing groundwater, 35–36 governing surface water, 28–35 governing water quality, 36–37 necessary changes to for twenty-first century, 40–49 remaking, 189 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program, 86, 98 Commonwealths, 32–34, 33f Learning organizations, 188 Leopold, Aldo, 53, 55 LIDAR (light detection and ranging), 41, 48 Lipkis, Andy, 179–181 Litigation, 56, 60–62, 167 Livestock, 75–76, 87, 159, 160f Lobbyists, 54–55, 109 Los Angeles, California, 179–181, 181f Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, 156 “Maintaining Presence” (Bosso and Guber), 55 Manufacturing See Industry Mead, Lake, 135–137, 151 Measurement, 104, 114, 144–145, 174–175 Medford, Oregon, 130–132 Mesoamerican Reef, 108–109 Mexico, 108–109, 136, 151 Micro-finance, 127 Minimum environmental flow, 45 Minimum quantity lubricant, 105 Mississippi River closing open-ended accounting system and, 176–178 dead zone at mouth of, 2, 12, 156–157, 164, 167, 170–171 importance of, 157–158, 158f quantified approach to restoring, 166–176 repairing, 163–165 threats to, 159–163 Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative, 164, 169 Mitigation banks, 164–165 Modeling, 145–146 Monsanto, 80, 89, 177 Moore Foundation, 132–133 Mosaic browser, 53 Muir, John, 53 Murray-Darling Basin, 138–151 Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA), 141–151 National Audubon Society, 62, 64 National Farmers Association, 149 227 228 INDEX National groundwater monitoring framework, 40 National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), 37, 51–52 National Water Commission, 141 National Water Initiative, 141 Natural Resources Defense Council, 59, 61, 167 The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 53, 106 Nelson, Gaylord, 54 Nestlé, 102, 110 Nevada, 135–137 New York City, 68, 69f, 121–122, 125–126 New York City Loan Acquisition Fund, 124–125 Nike, 103 Nitrogen, 85, 157, 159, 160f, 164, 168 Nonpoint source pollution, 12, 29, 38–39 Norhaus, Ted, 58 Northern spotted owls, 61 Notice-based permitting process, 130 No-till agriculture, 83 Nutrients See Nitrogen; Phosphorus Oakley Inc., 190 Obama, Barack, 47 Ocean Spray, 109 Octocopters, 17 Oil and gas industry, 4–5, 162 Omidyar Network (ON), 122–123 On-Farm Network, 85 Only the Paranoid Survive (Grove), 185 Optimization of crop yields, 81 Oregon, 48, 88, 129–131 Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 131 Organic farming, 88–89 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 19, 94, 100 Outcomes, 10, 14–16, 15f, 144–145 Pace, speeding, 129–130 Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, 79 Packard Foundation, 132–133 Page, Larry, 14, 70 Paradigm shifts, 182–183 Patagonia, 94, 99 Paulson, Hank, 109 Permitted take volumes, 146 Pesticides, 8, 80–81 Philanthrocapitalism, 120 Philanthropy attracting more capital and, 123–128 disease eradication and, 113–115 evaluation of nonprofits and, 119–120 financial return on social good and, 127–128 ineffective, 117–119 for public sector problems, 125–127 qualified approach to, 120–123 remaking, 189 spray and pay approach to, 115–120 “Philanthropy’s New Agenda” (Porter and Kramer), 117 Phosphorus, 85, 157, 159, 160f, 164 Point-source pollution, 37, 38 Policy See Laws Population growth, 2, 8, 74, 76 Poverty, 121, 125 Poverty line, 31, 31f Powell, John Wesley, 32–34, 33f Powell, Lake, 34 Precision agriculture, 83–84 Preston, Malcolm, 31 Prior appropriation doctrine, 29, 34–35 Private funding, 22–24 Program-related investment (PRI), 119 Prorated water rights, 45–46, 152, 153f Provisioning services, 68 Public funding, 22–24 INDEX Rabalais, Nancy, 156–157 Recharge rates, 36 Reduced-till agriculture, 83 Reengineering the Corporation (Hammer and Champy), 188 “Regenerative Capitalism” (Fullerton), 128 Regulating services, 68 Return on investment (ROI), 174–175, 184–185 Revolution, 25–26 Rice, 139–140 Riparian doctrine, 34–35 Risk management, 94–96, 118–119, 121 Risky Business Project, 109 Rivers, 15–16, 15f, 45–47, 108–109 See also Specific rivers River training structures, 160 Robin Hood Foundation, 121–122 Rockefeller Foundation, 123–125 Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, 115 Rodin, Judith, 123–125 Rogue River Basin, 132 Rule of capture, 36 Runoff See Agricultural runoff Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), 37, 40, 68 Salinity, 143–144, 149 Salmon, 8, 13, 27–28, 43–44, 51–52 San Joaquin Valley, 61, 71–73 Santa Barbara oil spill, 54 Satellite imagery, 41, 84, 85, 168 SavingSpecies, 65–66 Savory Institute, 87 Scale, 114, 130–133 Seligmann, Peter, 67 Semiconductor industry, 92–93, 104–105 Senge, Peter, 188 Seventh Generation, 99, 186–187 Shadow pricing, 102 Shellenberger, Michael, 58 Short-termism, 97 Sierra Club, 63 Silent Spring (Carson), 38, 53–54 Silver Creek Valley, 106 Situational awareness, 10, 11–13 Social impact bonds, 125–127 Soft drink industry, 91, 92 Sonoma County Water Agency, 18–19 Southern Nevada Water Authority, 136 Soybeans, 85, 159, 160f, 176 Speth, James Gustave, 59 The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture (UN), 74 StreamBank software, 129–130 Supply chains, 105–106, 170 Sustainable diversion limits, 144–145 Suzuki, David, 80 Syngenta, 89 Technology, 10, 41, 64–69, 82–85, 129–130 Thoreau, Henry David, 53 Threshold questions, 70 TNC See Nature Conservancy Top 10 Environmental Myths (Chamber of Commerce), 62 Total allowable catch (TAC), 19 Total impact measurement, 100 Total maximum daily loads (TMDL), 19, 38, 46–47, 166 Transparency, 119–120 TreePeople, 179–181 Trees, 20, 130–132, 179–181 Triple bottom line, 97–99 Unemployment, 73 UN Global Compact, 100 Unilever, 106–107 United Nations, 31, 102–103 229 230 INDEX U S Department of Agriculture (USDA), 22, 116–117 U S Geological Survey (USGS), 37, 40 “Us vs them” mentality, 62–64, 76–77 Vaccine storage device, 114 Valuation, 67–69, 175–176 Van Diest, Arlo, 85 Venture philanthropy, 120 Walmart, 63, 170 Warning systems, 187 Water Act 2007, 141 Water budgets, 45–47, 143, 144–145, 151–152 Water conservation, 152–153 Water filtration plants, 68, 69f Water footprints, 104–108 WaterFX, 107–108 Water ghosts, Water Mandate, 102–103, 108, 110 Water markets, 146–149, 148f, 154, 170–174 Water quality, 36–37, 143–144 Watershed Commonwealths, 32–34, 33f Water temperature, 130–132, 171 Water trading, 146–149, 148f, 154, 170–174 Water trusts, 53 Welch, Jack, 16 Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists, 149–150 Werbach, Adam, 57, 60, 63 Wetland mitigation banks, 164–165 Wetlands, 8, 160–162, 161f, 164–165, 168 Wilderness protection, 53–54 Willamette Partnership, 131 “Wise use” movement, 55 World Food Prize, 81 World Resources Institute (WRI), 171, 173, 175–176 World Wildlife Federation, 108–109 Yields, 79–80, 81, 89 Yorkshire Water, 102 ... back and forth to the truck getting the right tool for the job at hand—a great way to understand the tools and learn the trade The way it worked was pretty simple People called my dad when they had... Whitworth, Quantified: Redefining Conservation For The Next Economy, DOI 10.5822/ 978-1-61091-615-8_1, © 2015 Joe Whitworth Q UA N T I F I E D pay off bank loans required him to keep increasing the number... Quantified Quantified REDEFINING CONSERVATION FOR THE NEXT ECONOMY Joe Whitworth Washington | Covelo | London Copyright © 2015