ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT VOLUME 10 No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the eBooks tab ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT VOLUME 10 WILLIAM D NELSON EDITOR New York Copyright © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication Simply navigate to this publication’s page on Nova’s website and locate the “Get Permission” button below the title description This button is linked directly to the title’s permission page on copyright.com Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN For further questions about using the service on copyright.com, please contact: Copyright Clearance Center Phone: +1-(978) 750-8400 Fax: +1-(978) 750-4470 E-mail: info@copyright.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: 978-1-53610-147-8 (e-book) ISSN: 2159-9335 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc † New York CONTENTS Preface Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter vii Empirical Analysis of the Status Quo of Global e-Governance: What Determines the Level of e-Governance Across Countries? Bodo Herzog Adaptability and Risk Control Criteria in Managing Models of an Enterprise Victoria FitzGerald and Janina White 21 Performance Measurement Systems and Financial Results of Polish Enterprises: Multidimensional Analysis Barbara Batóg, Jacek Batóg, Andrzej Niemiec, Wanda Skoczylas and Piotr Waśniewski 65 Business Engagement into Economic Development of the Poorest Countries: The Case of Russia Yury K Zaytsev 97 Information Technology Development: Does Information Technology Need Inspiration from Swarm Intelligence? Milena Janakova 113 vi Chapter Index Contents Conflict Resolution Style and Job Satisfaction of Employees in Nursing Mateja Lorber 129 153 PREFACE The authors of this book examine the latest research in business and management, including the development of e-governance over time and across countries; the adaptability and risk control criteria in managing models of an enterprise; the dependences between performance measurement systems (PMS) and financial results achieved by Polish enterprises; Russian business’ envolvement into the markets of developing countries as a case of private development engagement; the use of swarm intelligence in the field of information technology; and job satisfaction of employees in the nursing field Chapter - This article studies the development of e-governance over time and across countries The authors use a large data sample consisting of 99 developing and 34 OECD countries to study this notion Firstly, the authors study the development of e-governance Secondly, the authors estimate models to check the determining factors of e-governance over time and across countries The study reveals that the level of e-governance is determined by the degree of e-participation, online access as well as GDP per capita Chapter - Recent signs of a recovery in the UK and world economy along with the liquidity inflow, variety of traditional funding sources and new entrant lenders enable increased M&A and restructuring activity At the same time most managers have employed nowadays various forms of cost-cutting and a more disciplined spending, so that cost effectiveness is a key The expenditures on innovations targeted to improve or to completely transform existing structures in view of the contemporary and future economy challenges and enterprises competitiveness must not undermine already achieved wealth and assets, and also to be effective and provide for possible deviations from the planned scenario Preliminary analysis from point of reaching planned design parameters, as well as of adaptability to a destabilizing influence viii William D Nelson includes pre-investment project modeling, thus saving excess costs that both big businesses and SME cannot afford to spend on experimental evidence of an incorrect development option Proposed re-investment modeling based on automatic control apparatus allows to lower unnecessary risk narrowing the choice of restructuring options and saving costs of the realization of a project Chapter - The results of research conducted so far in different countries confirm that enterprises using performance measurement systems (PMS) perform better than those that not In this chapter the authors tried to identify the dependences between PMS and financial results achieved by Polish enterprises In the study, a dependent variable was constructed on the basis of financial results for three consecutive years The application of a multidimensional analysis (classification trees) in examining the relationships between the features of performance measurement systems and financial results of Polish enterprises allows identifying key elements of a performance measurement system: an ordered system of financial and nonfinancial measures, the frequency of measuring and complexity of performance measurement (company as a whole, organizational units and individual employees level) The research is based on a representative survey carried out twice, in 2012 and 2014 by using a CATI method on a sample generalized to the entire population of Polish non-financial enterprises Chapter - The role of business in contributing to the overall economic growth of developing countries cannot be underestimated Business creates such economic benefits as employment, taxation base for the state, generates innovations in technologies and management practicies, provides goods and services for the population However there is a growing pressure on business nowadays, which goes well beyond its contribution to overall economic growth through trade and investments, which is associated with social and environment issues To address this pressure the business became directly involved in poverty alleviation schemes, environmental, economic and social regulation activities This tendency affected the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which now implies compliance with the social, economic and environmental commitments at the corporate level and beyond the corporation This shift proposes that CSR practicies make the business to involve the poorest inhabitants of a country both as consumers and as producers for their economic benefit Moreover, it suggests that business models are becoming “inclusive businesses”, “making markets work for the poor.” This shift is relevant for developing countries, which quite often face with the challenge of international business activities To this end greater emphasis is placed on the economic substance of the CSR, social investments Conflict Resolution Style and Job Satisfaction of Employees … 149 nurses in southern Mississippi Journal of Nursing Management, 16, 921932 Wilson, J.L (2004) Conflict management does not have to create conflict Account Today, 9(20), 1-3 Zakari, N., Al Khamis, N and Hamadi, H (2010) Conflict and professionalism: perceptions among nurses in Saudi Arabia International Nursing Review, 57, 297-304 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Mateja Lorber Affiliation: University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences Mateja Lorber is a senior lecturer at the University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences from 2005 Before she worked 11 years at the University Clinical Center Maribor as a registered nurse at the Clinic for Internal Medicine She obtained MSc at the Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, and PhD at the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor Her main areas of research and lecturing are gerontology, managing chronic disease, leadership, and research in nursing She is a member of the editorial board of the Slovenian Nursing Review and American Journal of Nursing Sciences and a reviewer for the following journals: Slovenian Nursing Review, Saudi Medical Journal, North American Journal of Medical Sciences; American Journal of Nursing Sciences, and International Nursing Review She is a member of the UDINE C (Understanding Development Issues for Nurse Educators Careers) group, Association of Nursing Care and Midwifery of Slovenia, Academic Assembly at the Faculty for Health Sciences, Nursing Cathedra at the Faculty for Health Sciences; Department of nursing care at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Nursing Care at the Faculty for Health Sciences, Tutoring system at the Faculty of Health Sciences She is the president of the Commission for the evaluation of quality and the Commission for ethical issues in the field of health care both on the University of Maribor Faculty of Health Sciences She is Coordinator of the volunteers at the University of Maribor, Faculty of Health Sciences 150 Mateja Lorber She had a license holder for working in the field of nursing and midwifery in Slovenia.; She had lectures through Erasmus mobility in the following foreign universities: University of Worcester, UK; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems at University College Dublin, Ireland; Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal; Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Higher Nursing Education and Psychosocial Work of the I.M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia; University of Lincoln, UK She received the highest award (the golden badge) of the Association of Nursing Care and Midwifery of Slovenia for successful professional work and contribution to the implementation of programs in the field of nursing She has presented her work at international scientific conferences and published original scientific papers in domestic and foreign scientific journals Publications: Original scientific article: Lorber, Mateja, Treven, Sonja, Mumel, Damijan The examination of factors relating to the leadership style of nursing leaders in hospitals Our Economy, 2016, 62(1), 27-36, doi: 10.1515/ngoe-2016-0003 Lorber, Mateja, Treven, Sonja, Mumel, Damijan The importance of monitoring nurses' workplace satisfaction of nurses for the well-being of all employees in nursing Slovenian Nursing Review, 2015, 49 (3), 182189, doi: 10.14528/snr.2015.49.3.73 Gönc, Vida, Lorber, Mateja, Nerat, Jasmina Nursing student satisfaction with problem-based learning Slovenian Nursing Review, 2015, 49(3), 205-213, doi:10.14528/snr.2015.49.3.72 Lorber, Mateja, Skela-Savič, Brigita Factors affecting nurses' organizational commitment Slovenian Nursing Review, 2014, 48(4), 294-301, doi: 10.14528/snr.2014.48.4.34 Božić, Josip, Dobnik, Mojca, Lorber, Mateja Significance of pain assessment for the purpose of improving the level of health care quality Sestrinski Glasnik, 2014, 19(2) 86-88., doi: 10.11608/sgnj.2014.19.020 Župec, Marinka, Lorber, Mateja Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Slovenian Nursing Review, 2013, 47(2), 169-176 Dobnik, Mojca, Lorber, Mateja, Pahor, Artur The impact of biologics on the quality of life of people affected by rheumatic diseases Slovenian Nursing Review, 2013, 47(2), 177-183 Conflict Resolution Style and Job Satisfaction of Employees … 151 Lorber, Mateja, Skela-Savič, Brigita Job satisfaction of nurses and identifying factors of job satisfaction in Slovenian hospitals Croatian Medical Journal, 2012, 53(3), 263-270., doi: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.263 Donik, Barbara, Lorber, Mateja, Čuček-Trifkovič, Klavdija, PAJNKIHAR, Majda, KEGL, Barbara, Stričević, Jadranka Introduction of different teaching methods to take account of learning styles of nursing students Pielęegniarstwo XXI wieku, 2012, 40(3), 5-8 Kegl, Barbara, Harih, Metka, Pajnkihar, Majda, Stričević, Jadranka, Lorber, Mateja, Čuček-Trifkovič, Klavdija, Donik, Barbara The importance of booklet nursing student in clinical practice Pielęegniarstwo XXI wieku, 2012, 40(3), 91-95 Professional article: Potočnik, Špela, Lorber, Mateja Lifestyles of patients with arterial hypertension in domestic environment Slovenian Nursing Review, 2012, 46(3), 245-250 Chapter in the scientific monograph Lorber, Mateja Emotional intelligence: a key ability for leaders in nursing V: Zysberg, Leehu (ur.), RAZ, Sivan (ur.) Emotional intelligence: current evidence from psychophysiological, educational and organizational perspectives, (Psychology research progress) New York: Nova Science Publishers, cop 2015, 277-292 Lorber, Mateja Job and life satisfaction in association with psychological well-being in nursing V: Osbourne, Rosalie (ur.) Job satisfaction: determinants, workplace implications and impacts on psychological wellbeing, (Business issues, competition and entrepreneurship) New York: Nova Publishers, cop 2015, 127-141 INDEX A abstraction, 121, 122, 123, 124 access, vii, 1, 3, 4, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 115, 120, 121, 123, 125 accommodation, 131 accountability, 13 accounting, 26, 27, 32, 35, 37, 60, 67, 71, 83 acid, 117 action research, 148 activity factors, 63 adaptability, vii, 21, 43, 53, 59 adjustment, 60 Africa, 103, 105, 106, 107 age, 137, 138, 140 agencies, aggregate income, 3, 15 agriculture, 23 Algeria, 106 algorithm, 22, 30, 53, 56, 57, 124 appetite, 60 Argentina, 106 arterial hypertension, 151 Asia, 103 asocial, 13 assessment, 5, 24, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 84, 88, 91, 101, 112, 150 assets, vii, 21, 27, 34, 44, 102, 103, 105 AT&T, 61 attitudes, 17, 19, 130, 131 attribution, 131 Austria, authorities, 34, 98, 102 authority, 24, 34, 62 automation, 27 avoidance, 131, 135, 140, 141 B Bahrain, bandwidth, 39 banking, 22 barriers, 108, 115, 121, 125 base, viii, 34, 97 bauxite, 107 Belarus, 105 Belgium, 8, 100 benchmarking, 81 benefits, viii, 2, 4, 13, 16, 17, 62, 68, 97, 109, 115, 116, 118, 124 Big Bang, 120 bilateral, 104 birds, 107 Bolivia, 106 Brazil, 100, 106, 108 broadband, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 broadband subscription, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, BSR, 88, 92 bureaucracy, 14 154 Index burnout, 141, 147 business cycle, 54, 59, 102 business environment, 43 business management, 53, 58 business model, viii, 26, 98 business processes, 14, 101 business strategy, 66, 109 businesses, viii, ix, 4, 21, 22, 23, 43, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 110 buyers, 24 C Cambodia, 103 CART, 70 case studies, case study, 17, 18, 148 cash, 22, 35 cash flow, 22, 35 categorization, 144 Catholic Church, 107 challenges, vii, 5, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27, 43 Chicago, 61, 137 China, 99, 100, 140 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 150 citizen-centric, citizens, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15, 19 citizenship, 18 classification, viii, 65, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 88, 91 classification and regression tree, 78 classification trees, viii, 65, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 climate, 98, 101, 104, 111, 143, 145 cluster analysis, 145 CO2, 102 coding, 119 cognitive psychology, 143 cognitive science, 61 collaboration, 17, 106, 131, 142 Colombia, 105 commercial, 34, 44, 60, 92, 102, 103, 104 commercial bank, 92 commodity, 23 communication, 2, 18, 68, 115, 117, 118, 123, 125, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 147 communication skills, 134, 141 communication technologies, communication technology, communities, 98, 99, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 114 community, 34, 98 competition, 104, 109, 117, 131, 134, 151 competitive advantage, 67, 102 competitive demand, 30 competitiveness, vii, 21, 59 competitors, 99, 109 complexity, viii, 17, 24, 26, 36, 42, 43, 66, 71, 78, 125 compliance, viii, 34, 46, 97, 98, 107, 109, 111 composition, 36 computer, ix, 2, 107, 114, 125 computing, 42 conceptualization, 144 conflict, x, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149 conflict resolution, x, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 consolidation, 23 construction, 24, 107, 108, 109, 119, 120 constructive conflict, 131, 132 consumers, viii, 98 consumption, 27, 35 convergence, 9, 91 cooperation, 104, 106, 108, 109, 111, 114, 117, 131, 132, 137, 142 corporate finance, 111 correlation coefficient, 137, 138, 139 correlation(s), 9, 68, 137, 138, 139, 141 corruption, 104 cost, vii, 21, 22, 26, 34, 46, 71, 74, 143, 145 cost effectiveness, vii, 21 costs of production, 108 Côte d’Ivoire, 105, 106 covering, 33, 68 Index creativity, 131, 133, 145 crises, 88, 92, 133 cross-sectional study, x, 129, 136, 144 cross-validation, 71, 76 CSR, viii, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 culture, 4, 126, 131, 133, 143, 144 curricula, 147 customer preferences, ix, 113 Customer Relationship Management (CRM), 115, 116, 126 customer service, 27 customers, ix, 102, 113 cycles, 47 Cyprus, 140, 147 D danger, 117, 125 data analysis, 88 data collection, 66 data mining, 70 data set, 145 database, 115 decision-making, 2, 5, 13, 14, 23, 33, 57, 59, 114, 118, 125, 132, 142 decision-making process, 5, 14, 132 decomposition, 124 defects, 120 demand side, 13 democracy, 14 demographic data, x, 129, 137 Denmark, Department for Communities and Local Government, 34, 62 dependent variable, viii, 10, 65, 70, 71, 73 deposits, 35 depreciation, 45 designers, 115, 123 detection, 91 developing countries, vii, viii, ix, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 18, 97, 98, 103, 104, 105 developing economies, 3, 10, 103 development assistance, 104, 111, 112 deviation, 6, 47, 58, 59 155 diffusion, 3, 4, 16, 17, 18 digital divide, 17, 18 discomfort, 133 disposition, 119 dissatisfaction, 134, 145 dissonance, 131 distribution, 24, 34, 49, 57, 59 diversification, 77 diversity, 44 doctors, 143, 148 DOI, 3, 86, 87, 91, 94, 96 domestic markets, 108 dominance, 131 donors, 98, 104 drinking water, 107 drugs, 106 dynamic control, 55 dynamic systems, 43 E East Asia, 112 Eastern Europe, 78 economic boom, 35 economic crisis, 109 economic development, 106, 109, 112 economic efficiency, 36 economic growth, viii, 13, 22, 91, 97, 103, 104 economic losses, 46 economic performance, 9, 12 economic relations, 103 economics, ix, 22, 88, 107, 112, 114, 125 e-democracy, 2, 14 education, 13, 62, 66, 81, 83, 84, 88, 91, 92, 94, 99, 101, 104, 107, 110, 111, 137, 138, 140, 144, 147, 150 efficiency criteria, 49 e-governance, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 e-government, 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 18, 19 Egypt, 105 electricity, 107 e-management, 14 emergency, 146 156 Index emerging markets, 102 emotional exhaustion, 148 emotional intelligence, x, 129, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 147 empirical studies, 3, 68 empirical study, employees, vii, viii, x, 4, 31, 32, 36, 38, 46, 66, 72, 77, 102, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 147, 150 employment, viii, ix, 44, 51, 52, 97, 114, 135, 137 enemies, 117 energy, 33, 99, 100, 101, 105, 133 energy efficiency, 105 engineering, 127 England, 88, 92 entrepreneurs, 77 entrepreneurship, 81, 151 environment factors, 104 environmental change, 43 environmental effects, 37 environmental factors, 4, environmental impact, 32 environmental protection, 99, 101, 107 environmental services, environmental standards, 105, 107 environment(s), viii, 38, 43, 67, 97, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 114, 134, 135, 145, 151 e-participation, vii, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12 equality, 36 equilibrium, 43, 47, 48 equipment, 27, 45, 106 equity, 33, 34, 69, 73, 77 Estonia, ethical issues, 149 euphoria, 22 Europe, 35 European Monetary Union, 17 European Union, 91, 94 evidence, viii, 5, 9, 10, 21, 22, 68, 151 evolution, 124 exchange rate, 22 execution, 30, 49 exercise, 27, 34 expenditures, vii, ix, 21, 92, 98, 101 experimental design, 69 expertise, 111 exploitation, 45 exporters, 35, 103 external environment, 38, 42, 48, 109 F factor analysis, 147 federalism, 13 feelings, 130, 141 fights, 117 financial, vii, viii, 4, 11, 24, 27, 33, 35, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78, 84, 88, 91, 95, 100, 105, 109 financial firms, 71 financial institutions, 92 financial performance, 27, 66, 68, 69 financial resources, financial sector, 105 Finland, fiscal federalism, 13 fixed-effects, 3, 10 flexibility, 43, 104, 116, 121, 124, 125 fluctuations, 36, 117 food, 23, 33, 60, 61, 63, 117 food industry, 33, 60, 63 force, 131 forecasting, 11, 12, 18, 88, 92 forecasting model, 12 foreign companies, 101 foreign direct investment (FDI), 103, 104, 111 formation, 35, 36, 107, 130 formula, 31, 46, 49 France, 8, 66, 79, 100 freedom, 54 funding, vii, 21, 99, 101, 105, 106, 109 funds, 22, 27, 99 future development, 3, 13 Index G GDP, vii, 1, 3, 5, 10, 11, 15, 35 GDP growth, 5, 10, 15 GDP per capita, vii, 1, 10 Germany, 1, 8, 15, 81, 100 gerontology, 149 gland, 117 goal-setting, 42 goods and services, viii, 45, 97, 104 governance, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 33, 44, 111 government budget, 34 governments, 2, 4, 5, 14, 15, 16, 92, 99, 102, 104 grants, 81 graph, 38, 39, 40, 41 Great Britain, 92 group interactions, growth, viii, 5, 10, 15, 22, 23, 33, 35, 44, 81, 84, 97, 99, 102, 104 guidance, 33, 46 Guinea, 107 Guyana, 107 H harmony, 116 Hawaii, 17 health, 13, 99, 101, 106, 130, 133, 134, 135, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150 health care, 13, 130, 133, 134, 135, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150 health care professionals, 133 health care system, 143 heterogeneity, 70 higher education, 107 highways, 117 history, x, 129, 130 horizontal integration, 57 host, 103 hostility, 133 hotels, 69 house, 112 157 human, ix, x, 33, 47, 48, 102, 104, 105, 107, 114, 117, 124, 129, 130, 135, 146 human capital, 104, 105 human resource development, 146 human resources, 33, 47, 135 human right, 102 hybrid, 24 hydrocarbons, 106 hypothesis, 67, 68 I Iceland, IDA, 104 ideal, 22, 26, 58, 59 identification, 119 IMA, 69 image, 102 improvements, 68 income, 3, 15, 27, 91, 99, 100, 101 incompatibility, 131, 133 independent variable, 9, 10, 70, 72, 76, 137 India, 99, 100, 106 indirect effect, 102 individuals, ix, x, 113, 114, 129, 131, 132, 133 industries, 22, 33, 100 industry, 23, 26, 35, 43, 60, 61 inertia, 55, 57 information revolution, information sharing, information technology, vii, ix, 16, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 124 infrastructure, 3, 14, 15, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 118 infrastructure investments, institutions, x, 16, 112, 130, 142 integration, 14, 23, 24, 98, 103, 109, 116, 119, 133 integrity, 34 intellectual property, 104 intellectual property rights, 104 intelligence, ix, x, 114, 117, 118, 125, 130, 132, 138, 139, 141, 146, 151 interdisciplinary, 15 158 Index interest rates, 22 internal environment, 48 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 126 international law, 108 international standards, 98 internationalization, 99 interpersonal conflict(s), 132, 133, 134, 135, 147 interpersonal relations, 133, 141 interpersonal relationships, 133, 141 intervention, 148 invertebrates, 117 investment model, viii, 21, 33, 34 investment(s), viii, 3, 15, 21, 22, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 54, 58, 60, 92, 97, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112 investors, 22, 33, 34, 100, 103, 104 Iraq, 105 Ireland, 8, 17, 88, 92, 107, 150 iron, 108 Israel, 8, 108 issues, viii, ix, 13, 14, 27, 36, 58, 97, 101, 105, 109, 112, 114, 115, 119, 121, 133, 151 IT infrastructure, 14, 15 Italy, 8, 17, 81 iteration, x, 114, 124 J Jamaica, 107 Japan, 8, 140 job performance, 147 job position, 136 job satisfaction, vii, x, 129, 130, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 145, 147, 148, 151 Jordan, 132, 141, 146 justification, 48 K Kazakhstan, Korea, 8, 9, 100, 140 L labor force, 26, 32, 36, 44, 46, 47 Laos, 103 Latin America, 103, 105, 106 laws, 14, 33 layering, 18 leadership, 133, 134, 135, 137, 143, 144, 148, 149, 150 leadership development, 148 leadership style, 134, 135, 143, 150 learning, ix, 3, 13, 76, 111, 112, 114, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 127, 150, 151 learning curve, 13 learning process, ix, 114 learning styles, 151 legislation, 22 level of education, 137 Liberia, 108 life cycle, 115, 119, 120, 121, 125, 127 life satisfaction, 151 light, 109 Likert scale, 137 limited liability, 34 liquidity, vii, 21, 22 literacy, 107 Lithuania, local authorities, 34 local government, 33, 34, 62, 81, 84, 88, 92 logistics, 27 low risk, 35 loyalty, 102 M macroeconomic, 10, 111 majority, ix, 9, 15, 24, 77, 113, 135 management, vii, viii, ix, x, 14, 22, 24, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, 58, 60, 62, 66, 67, 68, 71, 77, 78, 81, 83, 91, 94, 95, 97, 111, 114, 116, 118, 125, 130, 131, Index 133, 134, 135, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148,149 manpower, 30, 33 manufacturing, 37, 54, 100, 108, 110 mapping, 16 market economy, 31 marketing, 30 marketplace, 24 materials, 26, 27, 33 mathematical methods, 28, 30 mathematics, 88 matrix, 42 matter, 18 measurement, viii, ix, 65, 66, 67, 69, 77, 83, 91, 114, 116 median, 101 mediation, 131, 146 medical, 106, 107 medicine, x, 129, 136, 137 meta-analysis, 68, 140, 145 metallurgy, 103 methodology, x, 26, 31, 33, 34, 35, 119, 120, 123, 125, 129 Mexico, 99, 100 Middle East, 103, 105 miscommunication, 141 mission, 22, 43 misunderstanding, 125 misuse, 24 mobile device, 115, 116 mobile technologies, 15 model specification, 10 models, vii, 1, 3, 12, 27, 36, 47, 53, 58, 61, 74, 76, 88, 94, 114, 120 modernization, 116 modules, 28, 119 Moon, 4, 18 morale, 135, 141, 147 Moscow, 97, 110, 111, 112, 150 motivation, ix, 60, 72, 77, 102, 114, 116, 131 multidimensional, viii, 42, 65, 70, 120, 125 multilateral, 112 multilateral aid, 112 mutual respect, 132 159 N natural gas, 106, 107 negative consequences, 132 negative experiences, 124 negotiating, 131 negotiation, 132 Netherlands, New Zealand, NGOs, 99, 102 Nigeria, 17, 106, 107, 143 nodes, 70, 71, 74 North Africa, 103, 106 North America, 149 Norway, 8, 150 numerical analysis, 30 nurses, x, 129, 130, 137, 138, 140, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151 nursing, vii, x, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151 nursing care, 149 nursing home, 148 O OECD, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 OECD countries, vii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 oil, 24, 35, 103, 106, 107 one dimension, 133 online learning, 13 operations, 31, 49, 66, 78, 104, 108, 119 opportunities, 4, 18, 24, 43, 142 optimization, 26, 28, 31, 36, 44, 47, 49, 124 organ, 38 organizational culture, 133 outpatient, 24 ownership, 23, 77 P pain, 150 panel regression, 3, 10, 11 160 Index parallel, 26, 57, 58 participants, 34, 137 path planning, 118 performance appraisal, 66 performance indicator, 49, 51, 84, 95, 101 performance measurement, vii, viii, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 76, 77, 83, 94, 95 performance measurement systems, vii, viii, 65, 66, 67, 69, 76 permission, 136 personal computers, 115 personality, 143, 144, 148 personality type, 148 persuasion, 131 petroleum, 62, 106 pharmaceuticals, 100 pheromones, ix, 114, 117 Philadelphia, 146 physicians, 133, 140 pilot study, 137 platform, 104 PMS, vii, viii, 65, 66, 67, 68 Poland, 65, 79, 80, 81, 84, 92, 95 policy, 2, 3, 13, 14, 17 political instability, 102 political participation, pollutant, 110 population, viii, 66, 71, 97 portfolio, 24, 31, 36, 48 Portugal, 150 positive correlation, 9, 140 positive relationship, 68 poverty, viii, 97 poverty alleviation, viii, 97 power plants, 108 predictive accuracy, 71, 76 preparation, 108, 141, 147 president, 81, 149 principles, 5, 33, 34, 42, 44, 61, 66, 118 private sector, 34, 104 probability, 29, 32, 36, 39, 40, 41, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 71 problem solving, 131, 133, 142, 146 problem-based learning, 150 producers, viii, 98 production technology, 29, 49 professional development, 141 professionalism, 149 professionals, x, 31, 38, 108, 130, 133, 135, 140 profit, 33, 34, 76 programming, 62, 119, 121 project, viii, ix, 21, 22, 26, 33, 34, 35, 37, 42, 58, 81, 84, 92, 101, 106, 114, 116, 119, 120, 123 property rights, 104 protection, 14, 43 pruning, 71 psychological development, 130 psychological well-being, 145, 151 psychology, 115, 121 public corporations, 108 public finance, 83 public goods, 104 public schools, 107 public sector, 16, 34, 68, 102 public sector employee, 16 purification, 107 Q quality of life, 141, 150 quantification, 77 Quantity Theory of Money, 61 questionnaire, x, 129, 136, 137 queuing networks, 62 queuing systems, 52 queuing theory, 32, 59 R RAS, 110, 111 ratio analysis, 84 raw materials, 24, 26, 27 real estate, 88 real time, 116 reality, ix, 114, 116, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 130 recall, 115 Index reciprocity, 114 recommendations, ix, 13, 15, 24, 59, 98, 108, 109, 118, 124 reconstruction, 107 recovery, vii, 21, 35 reengineering, 26 reflective practice, 148 regional integration, 111 regression, x, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 129, 137, 139 regression analysis, x, 129, 137, 139 regression model, 3, 10 rejection, 29, 54 relevance, 98 reliability, 43 remediation, 107 repair, 27, 106 reputation, 102, 109 requirement(s), 99, 101, 105, 108, 114, 119, 120, 123, 125 researchers, 47, 135 resilience, 35 resistance, 43 resolution, x, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147, 148 resource management, 47, 48 resources, 4, 13, 24, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 47, 54, 60, 61, 99, 100, 108, 118 response, 34, 35, 47, 54, 55 restrictions, 28 restructuring, vii, viii, 21, 22, 34, 57, 59 retirement, 119 revenue, 23, 34, 102 rheumatic diseases, 150 rights, 14, 104 risk assessment, 81 risk taking, 133 risk(s), vii, viii, 21, 22, 23, 24, 34, 35, 53, 58, 60, 63, 81, 91, 98, 99, 102, 103, 133 ROI, 101 root, 12, 35 routes, 118 rules, 14, 22, 120 Russia, v, 97, 98, 100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 150 161 S safety, 108 Saudi Arabia, 149 savings, 24, 33, 34, 62, 101 scarcity, 133 scholarship, 88 school, 106, 107 science, ix, 26, 83, 114, 118, 125 scientific papers, 150 secondary data, 136 security, ix, 13, 14, 114, 116 self-control, 131 self-knowledge, x, 130 semi-structured interviews, 69 servers, 115, 116 service organization, 52 services, ix, 5, 13, 14, 16, 24, 34, 45, 62, 99, 100, 113 shape, 13 shareholders, 37 shortage, 104 showing, 59 significance level, 11 signs, vii, 21 simulation(s), 29, 37, 48, 58, 115 Singapore, 8, 9, 100 small firms, 18 social activities, 107 social change, 130 social inclusion, social justice, 131 social network, 114 social obligations, 99 social programs, 99 social regulation, viii, 97 social responsibility, viii, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102 social support, 148 society, ix, 14, 113, 114, 115, 117, 122, 124, 130 socio-economic, 5, 88, 92, 106, 109 software, ix, 26, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127 162 Index solution, 14, 33, 34, 42, 49, 60, 116, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125 South Africa, 100 Southeast Asia, 103 Spain, 8, 100 specialists, 15, 31, 38, 60, 71 spending, vii, 21, 22, 34, 105 spine, 125 Sprint, 122, 123, 124 St Petersburg, 106 stability, 22, 42, 43, 53, 60, 63 stabilizers, 47 stakeholders, 5, 34, 37, 42, 67, 68 standard deviation, 6, 12 standard error, 10, 71, 139 state(s), viii, 9, 18, 29, 36, 38, 40, 43, 47, 48, 49, 97, 103, 106, 108, 117, 136 statistics, x, 3, 99, 129 steady state, strategic management, 67, 68 stress, x, 130, 133, 135, 138, 139, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147, 148 structural formation, 28, 43 structure, 1, 3, 4, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 67, 71, 73 structuring, 42 style(s), x, 2, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148 supervisor(s), 84, 133 suppliers, 24, 27 supply chain, 24 supply side, 3, 13 survival, 43 sustainability, 43, 59 sustainable development, 43, 107, 108, 109, 110 swarm intelligence, vii, ix, 113, 114, 117, 118, 124, 125 Sweden, Switzerland, 8, 78, 87, 91, 94, 96, 100 symptoms, 134 synthesis, 26, 42, 53, 58, 59, 60, 144 system analysis, 119 T tactics, 118 takeover, 23 Tanzania, 106 target, 44, 54 tax base, 104 taxation, viii, 97 teams, 119 techniques, 24, 36, 58, 60, 66 technologies, viii, 4, 15, 61, 97, 102, 105, 116, 123, 125 technology, ix, 2, 4, 42, 43, 53, 113, 115, 118, 119, 125 tensions, 102, 133 tenure, 29, 36, 39, 41 territorial, 107 territory, 109, 118 testing, 22, 119, 136 thoughts, 141 time allocation, 31 time-series, total product, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 53 trade, viii, 97, 102, 111, 112 trade union, 102 training, 46, 106, 107, 116, 142 transactions, 14 transformation(s), 19, 28, 32, 36, 39, 40, 56 transition period, transmission, 107, 117 transnational corporations, 105 transparency, 2, 4, 13, 34 transportation, 102, 107, 108 transportation infrastructure, 107 Turkey, 108 turnover, 60, 134, 135 U UNDP, 110 unemployment rate, 5, 10 uniform, 38 United Kingdom, 8, 60, 62, 63, 145 United Nations, 5, 9, 18, 19 Index United Nations E-Government Survey, United States (USA), 8, 12, 18, 35, 88, 92, 137, 144, 145 universities, 106, 107, 108, 150 updating, 120 Uruguay, V validation, 74 valuation, 31, 81, 84 variables, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 67, 68, 74, 76, 77, 137, 142 vehicles, 105 Venezuela, 105, 106 vertical integration, 22, 24, 26, 57 Vietnam, 106, 107, 112 violence, 131, 146 vision, 119, 123 W war, 117 Washington, 62, 126 163 waste, 34 weakness, 124 wealth, vii, 21 web, 2, 3, 16, 130 well-being, 135, 144, 150, 151 wells, 24, 35, 107 White House, 16 work environment, 134, 135, 143 workers, 38, 46, 133 workforce, 31, 32, 36, 43, 45, 46, 48 working hours, 31 workplace, 45, 133, 138, 144, 150, 151 World Bank, 111, 112, 126 World Development Report, 126 worldwide, 43, 130, 134 Y yield, 68 young people, 107 ... ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT VOLUME 10 No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any... the eBooks tab ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT ADVANCES IN BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT VOLUME 10 WILLIAM D NELSON EDITOR New York Copyright © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc All rights reserved... committed and more productive Therefore, it is important that management focus on integrating conflict resolution style in nursing In: Advances in Business and Management Vol 10 ISBN:978-1-53 610- 132-4