Spirituality and Business Sharda S Nandram l Margot Esther Borden Editors Spirituality and Business Exploring Possibilities for a New Management Paradigm Editors Sharda S Nandram www.nyenrode.nl www.praansol.com s.nandram@nyenrode.nl sharda@praansol.com ỵ31(0)641403325 Margot Esther Borden, M.A www.theintegralperspective.com m.borden@theintegralperspective.com ỵ33 (0) 19 97 33 67, ỵ1 602 748-4293 ISBN 978-3-642-02660-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-02661-4 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02661-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009932130 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To the memory of my Mother for the Seva and the Shakti My sincere love goes to my family and to all those whom I have met during my spiritual journey; teachers, gurus, swamis, academics, students and business people, in India and Europe, who have in one way or another helped me transform my life Sharda S Nandram I would like to thank my beloved Guru Paramahamsa Hariharanandaji and his wise and loving successor Paramahamsa Prajnananandaji for their constant, patient and loving guidance over the years I would also like to sincerely thank all my other gurus who are in the form of family, friends, clients and business mentors Margot Esther Borden Preface We, Sharda and Margot, feel very honored to be able to write and edit such a book Our spiritual journey has led to the passion of bringing together and sharing the thoughts we ourselves have come across in our lives by meeting gurus, swamis, like-minded seekers, managers, teachers, entrepreneurs, academics, students, and by reading books and practicing spiritual techniques We also have gained much spiritual inspiration from the teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother to whom we are grateful The thoughts presented in this book already exist in the East and West Integrating them into the way we business, can help us to regain trust and respect in business even in the current economic crisis We aim to convince others of our deep belief that spiritual practices and a spiritual orientation help make life more enjoyable and makes us better human beings through helping us to live in line with our karma in every context of life, in our roles as employees, entrepreneurs, managers, leaders, mothers, or fathers, etc These ideals, in order to be balanced, will be accompanied by rational ideals and desires and our aim for success in life Success in business can only be achieved if the inner life of the managers, leaders, and employees is grounded Spiritual practice is a key for achieving this balance as it helps to come home to the authentic Self We a lot to make ourselves appear beautiful, but that focus is all too often only on the outside or the surface We take a bath every day to be clean, we use makeup and we go to the beauty salon, why don’t we clean our inner Self by praying, doing yoga, meditation, singing, etc? Nourishing our inner life will make us feel responsible for what we do, how we it, and how it fits our calling in life Our gratitude goes to H.H Sri Sri Ravi Shankar for writing the foreword of this book We feel very honored that he shared his words on spirituality with us We are grateful to all the authors: Deepa Awal, Margaret Benefiel, Paul de Blot, Mr Balagangadhara, Luk Bouckaert, Monique de Wit, Henry van Straten, Mandar Apte, Kuku Singh, Ashish Pandey, Suzan Langenberg, Jutta Koănig, Wim Keizer, Sorabh Gupta, Prahlad Singh Shekhawat, Nanik Rupani, Jan Vos, and La´szlo´ Zsolnai vii viii Preface They answered our call to share their beautiful and promising insights that uplift people’s minds and hearts, demonstrating theoretical and practical paths for integrating the different aspects of our being at the workplace; a place where many of us share the biggest part of our lives It felt good to receive the responses on the draft of the book as expressed by esteemed business people and academics as it let us know that this work achieves its purpose We would therefore like to thank Ms Liva S Judic, Mr Sushil Jiwarajka, Mr Karel Samsom, Mr Toon Bullens, Mr Ed Voerman, Mr Gul Kripalani, and Mr Stephen Stumpf We thank Stuart Sovatsky for organizing the World Congress of Psychology and Spirituality that provided the context for the foundations of this project When we both met in the same congress session, we could not imagine almost two years later we would write and edit a book on the topic of our presentation We thank professor Dr Willem Burggraaf and professor Dr Paul de Blot of Nyenrode Business University for providing the possibility to this work in the environment of Nyenrode, a very dynamic business environment We thank Dr Vijayender Reddy Nalla for his help with proofreading We also want to thank our other colleagues, friends and family who contributed feedback and input toward the realization of this work We are grateful to Ms Martina Bihn from Springer for publishing this book and Ms Irene Barrios-Kezic, also from Springer, for taking care of the layout and logistics We have done our utmost, from where we stand to bring you a view reflecting the Truth Forgive us if our mind, ego or intellect have clouded our perception in any way in our effort to bring this knowledge to you Namaste May 19, 2009, Amsterdam May 19, 2009, Paris Sharda S Nandram Margot E Borden Foreword Now, more than ever, there is an urgent need to revive spirituality in business, as in all aspects of life It is sometimes thought that spirituality is incompatible with profit making However, in the current economic downturn, as businesses face the challenge of restoring people’s faith and confidence, spirituality can play a key role Trust is the breath of business, ethics its limbs, and to uplift the spirit, its goal Spirituality is living and honoring human values, or those attributes and qualities which are the very heart of humanity These values include integrity, compassion, cooperation, responsibility and a deep caring for all life Business devoid of spirituality breeds greed and exploitation, both significant factors in the ongoing financial crisis We have seen the flaws in communism; now we are seeing the failings of unbridled capitalism It is time for a new ‘ism’ – humanism If we want to reinstate trust and sustain it as well, we cannot compromise on human values Although these values are innate in every human being, they have been overshadowed by the stresses and strains of everyday life The quality of life depends a great deal on the state of one’s mind Management begins with the mind – a mind that is properly managed can manage anything Just taking a few minutes every day to reflect and to practice spiritual techniques such as yoga, meditation, and simple breathing exercises can eliminate stress, increase energy levels, and improve mental clarity and creativity This greatly strengthens one’s perception, intuition and expression It gives much needed patience and vision to any leader It broadens one’s mind and develops the ability to consider other points of view Spirituality also enhances awareness, belongingness and commitment I call this the ABC of life and it is integral to the success of any business Awareness nurtures the intellect, belongingness nurtures the heart and commitment nurtures life It is heartening to see CSR programs becoming a vital part of corporate agendas across the world Spirituality transforms CSR from being a matter of compliance with standards, to something that springs from an inner conviction to the right thing Spirituality or human values cannot be imposed by society, nor can they be legislated As the infinite potential within all people, spirituality need only be uncovered, rekindled and encouraged ix x Foreword Spirituality can adapt to all times and places and can benefit every organization, whether large or small This book provides fresh insights on the need for new and sustainable paradigms of corporate governance It presents a broad and multicultural overview of philosophies and applications integrating spiritual vision, ethics and practices into the workplace It thus offers lucid observations as well as constructive solutions that will contribute to a shift in the practice of business H.H Sri Sri Ravi Shankar Founder, International Association for Human Values Founder, International Art of Living Foundation Contents Introduction: Exploring Possibilities for a New Paradigm Sharda S Nandram and Margot Esther Borden Part I Concepts of Spirituality Spirituality and Business 17 Sharda S Nandram Methodological Issues in the Study of Spirituality at Work 33 Margaret Benefiel Spirituality in Management Theories: A Perspective from India 45 S.N Balagangadhara Innovation of Management in a Crisis: The Spiritual Power of Organizations 61 Paul de Blot From Business Ethics to Business Spirituality: The Socratic Model of Leadership 73 Luk Bouckaert Ethics Needs Spirituality 87 La´szlo´ Zsolnai Part II Personal Spirituality Impact of Spirituality: Views of an Entrepreneur in India 93 Nanik Rupani Spirituality and Diversity 101 Jutta Koănig xi xii Contents 10 Case Study: AWARE at Shell 109 Monique de Wit, Henry van Straten, and Mandar Apte 11 Inspiring Individuals: Transforming Organizations 117 Sorabh Gupta 12 Integral Transformational Coaching 129 Wim A.J Keizer and Sharda S Nandram 13 Buddhist Practice and Principles and their Place in Organizations 141 Margot Esther Borden and Prahlad Singh Shekhawat 14 Transformational Learning: An Ancient Concept in Modern Times 153 Deepa Awal Part III Spirituality and Leadership 15 Applying an Integral Perspective to Business Strategy: A Case Study 165 Margot Esther Borden 16 Synchronizing Leadership Style with Integral Transformational Yoga Principles 183 Sharda S Nandram 17 Wholesome Leadership Development Process: Case Study of a Business Organization 205 Ashish Pandey and Kuku Singh 18 The Model of Critique in Business 219 Suzan Langenberg 19 The Spiritual Features of Servant-Leadership 233 Sharda S Nandram and Jan Vos 20 Epilogue: Ingredients of a New Paradigm 245 Margot Esther Borden and Sharda S Nandram Index 249 Index A C Achieving Personal Excellence (APEX), 11, 111–115, 117, 120–124, 127–128 Action-learning, 211, 214, 215 Agnostics, 22, 51 Ahimsa, 184 Alignment, 19, 31, 102, 185 Aparigraha, 185 Aristotle, 63, 220, 222 Arthashastra, 96, 97, 234 Asana, 121, 185, 187–189 Ashramas, 155 Askesis, 26 Asteya, 184 Atheist, 7, 22, 51 Authentic care, 10, 87 Authentic subjectivity, 37, 38, 41 Authenticity, 4, 5, 12, 24, 41, 42, 111, 183, 233, 240, 241, 242, 245 Christianity, 45, 94 Cicero, 236 Coaching, 11, 80, 111, 114, 129–140, 151, 153, 157–159, 209, 211, 213, 216, 247 Compassion, 2, 23, 88, 99, 103, 106, 143, 190 Confucius, 222, 235 Connectedness, 3, 22, 23, 30, 167 Consciousness, 4, 7–11, 17–22, 24, 26–30, 37–40, 62, 71, 81, 87, 88, 101–104, 106, 119–121, 133, 136, 141, 142, 153–155, 157, 165–169, 172, 174, 175, 178–180, 184–189, 191, 192, 194, 197–200, 222, 235, 246, 247 Consequentialism, 87 Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 2, 19, 73, 74, 90, 98, 180, 219, 221, 230 Cosmology, 80, 154, 158 Critical space, 225, 229 Crowding-out effect, 90 Cultural creatives, 178, 221 B Bhagavad Gita, 3, 96, 98, 235 Bhakti yoga, 186 Bible, 235, 236, 242 Birthright, 10, 93 Brahmacharya, 155, 185 Brahmanism, 94 Buddha, 59, 94, 143 Buddhism, 45, 94, 130, 141–150 Burnout, 10, 11, 61, 63, 71, 129, 134, 135 Burrell, G., 9, 34–38, 41 Business ethics, 1, 5, 10, 19–21, 73–85, 89, 99, 191 D Darshan, 156 Deities, 7, 18 Deontology, 87 Desires, 10, 29, 46–50, 52, 53, 55, 58, 63, 158, 166, 169 Detachment, 130, 131, 146, 149, 201 Dharana, 185, 188 Dharma, 1, 2, 141, 145–149, 151 249 250 Dhyana, 185, 188 Diversity, 7, 11, 21, 22, 24, 57, 58, 88, 101–106, 109, 114, 148, 172, 205, 216, 225, 245 Dow Jones Dharma Index, 1, E Empowerment, 62, 65, 66, 122, 124, 159, 230, 240 Enlightenment, 81, 89, 156, 158, 186, 236 Epistemology of consciousness, Essence, 7, 27, 30, 40, 61, 62, 69, 75, 98, 102, 118, 156, 166, 167, 170, 173, 174, 176, 178, 179, 184–186, 207, 222, 234, 236, 238, 241, 247 Ethics, 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 19–22, 73–85, 87–90, 94, 99, 112, 114, 147, 178, 191, 192, 196, 207, 219–221, 223, 236, 237, 247 Ethos, 20, 222 Evolution, 6, 8, 25, 28, 65, 89, 102, 141, 154, 167, 169, 172, 175–180, 186, 190, 191, 205, 220, 239 F Faith, 18–20, 23, 93–95, 190, 193, 198, 199, 202, 234 Fear, 87, 88, 119, 135, 148, 149, 170, 173, 174, 191, 196, 197, 222, 234 First-person approach, 18, 25 Flow, 6, 11, 94, 97, 129, 133, 134, 139, 144, 172, 176, 185 Foucault, M., 26, 219, 222–224 G Gandhi, Mahatma, 236 God, 7, 34, 45, 49, 51, 57, 63, 82, 93, 94, 96, 98, 100, 141, 144, 147, 185, 187 Graves, Clare, 171 Greenleaf, R.K., 189, 190, 234, 237–239, 241, 242 Guru, 3, 58, 80, 144, 155, 156, 158, 184 Gurukula, 155 H Happiness, 3, 10, 29, 48–59, 71, 118, 120, 129, 136, 142, 233, 237, 245 Harman, W., 9, 18, 26–28, 101–103 Index Harris, Paul, 236 Hatha yoga, 111, 115, 186 Helminiak, D., 9, 35, 40–42 Hierarchy of needs, 167, 169–171 Hinduism, 45, 94, 198 Holistic, 2, 6, 9, 11, 17, 21, 28, 30, 87, 96, 117, 132, 133, 136, 140, 141, 143, 150, 178, 183, 190, 192, 195, 240, 241, 247 Holotropic breathwork, 88 I Inclusive capitalism, 3, 96 Inclusiveness, 109, 114 Inner Being, 7, 25, 166 Inner Self, 18, 22, 129, 135, 141, 155, 167, 168, 170, 179, 208 Inner spirituality, 18 Integral, 5–7, 11, 12, 24, 30, 88, 93, 129–140, 142, 153–156, 165–180, 183–202, 213 Integral Development Index (IDI), 5, 24, 174 Integral perspectives methodology (IPM), 167–169, 180 Integral philosophy, 12, 165–169, 180 Integral transformational coaching, 11, 129–140 Integrative awareness, 192 Inter role distance (IRD), 126 Involution, 176 Involvement, 34, 78, 130, 190, 233 Islam, 94, 235 Isvarapranidhana, 185, 188 J Jainism, 45, 94 Jefferson, Thomas, 236 Jignasa, 156 Judaism, 94 K Kaizen, 97 Karma, 3, 10, 93, 94, 96, 97, 129–132, 146, 147, 184, 185, 196, 200 Karma yoga, 130, 146, 196, 200 Kautilya, 96, 97, 234 Kundalini, 186 Index 251 L O Level of being, 10, 61–71 Level of doing, 10, 62, 63, 65, 66, 71 Lonergan, B., 9, 35–38, 40–42 Lord, 10, 93, 94, 96, 235, 241 Love, 19, 20, 23, 56, 64–66, 88, 90, 99, 103, 106, 119, 146, 149, 160, 179, 187, 190, 207, 234, 240, 243 Luther King, Martin, 236 Ontological coaching, 157–159 Organizational spirituality, 189–194, 200 Outer being, 186 Outer self, 7, 18, 166, 167, 178, 179, 187 Outer spirituality, 9, 18, 22–25 M Mandela, Nelson, 237 Maslow, Abraham, 46–48, 146, 153, 158, 167, 169–172, 174, 177 Meaning, 2–5, 7, 10–13, 17–19, 21–28, 57, 64, 65, 67, 68, 71, 75, 78, 80, 81, 84, 102, 105, 121, 142, 144–147, 154, 158–160, 167, 178–180, 188, 191, 207, 208, 216, 219, 223, 224, 233, 234, 237–239, 242, 243, 245 Meditation, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 17, 20, 23, 25, 62, 104, 105, 109–112, 114, 115, 120, 127, 128, 130, 141–145, 147, 150, 183, 185, 190, 197, 199, 241, 246, 247 Mental being, 137 Mental fitness, 11, 129, 133–140 Mental fitness tracker, 129, 135–137, 139, 140 Mind, 6, 7, 18, 26–30, 39, 40, 50, 81, 95, 96, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 112, 115, 118–120, 122, 124, 130, 132–134, 140, 142–144, 154, 159, 165–167, 173, 174, 185, 186, 188, 193, 199, 201, 216, 245, 246 Mindfulness, 6, 11, 82, 103, 129–133, 140, 142, 143, 149–151, 246 Mistrust, 77 Moksha, 158 Moral agency, 87 Moral conduct, 87 Morgan, G., 9, 34–38, 41 Mother Theresa, 237 N Nishkam Karma, 130–132 Niyama, 185, 188, 189 P Parre`sia, 221–224, 229 Patanjali, 183–185, 188, 200 Personal inadequacy (PI), 126 Personal spirituality, 184–189, 192–194, 200 Physical being, 137 Plato, 81, 89, 236 Prana, 185, 186 Pranayama, 185, 187–189 Pratyahara, 185, 188 Priyadarshni Academy, 98 Provisional epistemology, 28 Psychedelic therapy, 88 Psychic, 9, 12, 24–26, 30, 40, 132, 134, 137, 186–188, 192–194, 197, 198, 247 Psychic being, 30, 137 Q Quality organization, 89 R Religion, 4–6, 10, 17, 20, 22–24, 26, 45, 46, 78, 79, 93–95, 142, 187, 191, 198, 201, 234, 237, 242 Religious belief, 22, 24, 94, 201 Resource inadequacy (RIn), 127 Role ambiguity (RA), 127 Role erosion (RE), 126 Role expectation conflict (REC), 126 Role isolation (RI), 126 Role overload (RO), 126 Role stagnation (RS), 126 S Sakam karma, 130, 131 Samadhi, 185 Samtosa, 185 Sauca, 185 Schweitzer, Albert, 237 252 Second-person approach, 25 Self role distance (SRD), 126 Self-actualization, 3, 46, 47, 146, 158, 177, 243 Self-awareness, 11, 65, 109–111, 113, 114, 131, 149, 153, 159, 178, 213, 215, 216, 241 Self-efficacy, 34, 135 Self-mastery, 3, 96, 141–143, 149, 184, 193, 209, 213 Self-reflection, 153, 159, 213 Self-regulation, 184 Servant Leader, 233–235, 238–243 Servant-Leadership, 12, 190, 233–243 Sikhism, 94 Sociology of radical change, 36 Sociology of regulation, 36 Socrates, 26, 80–84 Socratic dialogue, 82 Socratic model, 10, 26, 73–85 Soul, 7, 10, 18, 20, 30, 62–71, 80, 89, 133, 154, 157, 166, 167, 174, 179, 187, 191, 223, 245, 247 Spiral dynamics, 170–174 Spirit, 6, 11, 18, 30, 36, 61–68, 80, 82, 100, 101, 106, 117, 119, 122, 124, 133, 146, 166, 174, 180, 197, 199–201, 216, 236, 245, 247 Spiritual being, 55 Spiritual calling, 147, 190, 208 Spiritual emergency, 88 Spirituality at work, 9, 33–43 Sri Aurobindo, 6, 7, 9, 18, 25, 28–30, 130, 133, 156, 166, 177, 183, 186, 192, 194, 199, 200 Sri Ramakrishna, 156 Sri Yogananda, 156 Stakeholder-dialogue, 88 Stress, 8, 10, 11, 22, 24, 42, 61, 63, 71, 98, 100, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 117, 120–122, 124–127, 129, 130, 134, 135, 137–139, 185, 189, 190, 209, 213, 247 Sudarshan Kriya, 120, 121, 128 Sufism, 235 Supermind, 30, 186 Supramental, 6, 186 Sustainable development, 20, 110, 168, 180 Index Svadhyaya, 185, 188 Swami Vivekanand, 95 T Tao Te Ching, 234, 235 Taoism, 235 Tapas, 185 Technology of the self, 23, 26 Technology of yoga, 29, 30, 184, 192, 200 The Mother, 130, 166 Theist, 7, 22 Theology, 17 Third-person approach, 25 Transcendent reality, 18 Transcendental monism, 101 Transformational coaching, 11, 129–140 Transformational leadership, 190, 193, 205, 238, 239, 241 Transformational learning, 11, 153–160 Transformational yoga, 12, 183–202 Transpersonal psychology, 87 Trust, 6, 8, 22, 71, 77, 83, 84, 90, 97, 130, 147, 156, 160, 173, 193, 194, 202, 222, 227–229, 238 Tutu, Desmond, 327 U Universality, 23, 170, 173–174 V Vatsa, 156 Veda, 155, 156 Vipassana, 6, 130, 142 Virtue ethics, 87 Vital being, 137 Viveka, 159 W Wilber, K., 7, 132, 157, 208 Y Yajna, 95 Yama, 184–185 Yin-Yang, 63 Yoga, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 20, 25, 29–31, 62, 109–115, 121, 130, 146, 156, 183–202, 245–247 Editors Sharda S Nandram, was born in Surinam, lives in the Netherlands since 1985, and is of Indian origin She holds masters degrees in Work and Organizational Psychology and in General Economics, both at the University of Amsterdam She completed her Ph.D in Social Sciences at the Free University of Amsterdam Sharda Nandram has worked for universities and research centers doing applied and academic research for not for profit and profit organizations Sharda Nandram is an associate professor at Nyenrode Business Universiteit and founder of Praan Solutions, a consultancy on business growth from a holistic perspective Her field of expertise concentrates on research, education and projects on spirituality in business: empowerment, transformational learning and yoga, the holistic entrepreneur, servant leadership, entrepreneurial personality, entrepreneurship, and growth She is the coeditor of the Dutch magazine ‘Business Spiritualiteit Magazine.’ She has published several articles, book chapters, and books on these topics She is the main author of ‘The Spirit of Entrepreneurship’ published in 2006, by Springer For more information: www.nyenrode.nl and www.praansol.com 253 254 Editors Margot Borden received her M.A in Humanistic Counseling from Durham University, UK, and her B.A in International Business from American University in Paris Her orientation is in the schools of Transpersonal and Integral Psychology She is trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques aimed at addressing human experience and potential from an integral perspective Margot has a long-term dedication to exploring consciousness through psychological and spiritual traditions, experiential therapies, meditation, and yogic techniques Applying her vision and skills, Margot developed IPM™, a unique methodology involving qualitative and quantitative research methodologies backed by insight and intuition In addition to consulting successes at multinational and Fortune 100 corporations, Margot maintains a private psychotherapy practice in Paris, France, teaches at Antioch McGregor University in the US, and presents seminars and public lectures in Europe, India, and the US Additional information is detailed on www.TheIntegralPerspective.com Authors Mandar Apte works for Shell Global Solutions US Inc., as competitive intelligence coordinator in the Business Strategy and Intelligence Department He has an MS degree in Petroleum Engineering from University of Tulsa, USA and a BS in Chemical Engineering from University of Mumbai, and has been working for Shell since 2002 in R&D for oil and gas production from deepwater oil fields He has worked in chemical engineering design and development of new oil fields with a focus on chemical treatment He is an active faculty member at the Art of Living Foundation, a nonprofit, educational and humanitarian organization affiliated with the UN In his spare time, he teaches the Art of Living workshops based on yoga breathing and meditation techniques and is a cofounder of AWARE He has presented AWARE at leading MBA schools and other business gatherings and symposiums Deepa Awal holds a Ph.D and an M.Phil in Organizational Behavior and Industrial Psychology from the Stern School of Business, New York University She is credentialed as a Professional Certified Coach with the International Coach Federation She is also a Newfield Certified Coach, and a Certified Benchmarks Facilitator (360 performance reviews) earned at the Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro, North Carolina She is a Certified Innovative Teamwork Trainer for Synectics, Cambridge, MA Dr Awal has taught at the Villanova University’s School of Business, at both undergraduate and graduate levels She consults for corporations in the US and India, including Union Carbide, Morgan Stanley, Deutsche Bank, CSFB, Hindustan Lever (a Unilever subsidiary in India), and ATS (a business processing organization in India) Her areas of concentration include the design and development of organizational surveys, analysis of data, feedback sessions, coaching and facilitating, teambuilding, and problem-solving activities Recent assignments include enhancing the vitality and effectiveness of the work environment of a prestigious university More information is available on www.centerforleadershipcoaching org 255 256 Authors S.N Balagangadhara (also known as Balu) is professor at Ghent University, in Belgium, and directs the Research Centre Vergelijkende Cutuurwetenschap (Comparative Science of Cultures) He was a student of National College, Bangalore, and moved to Belgium in 1977, to study philosophy at Ghent University, where he obtained his doctorate under the supervision of Prof Etienne Vermeersch His doctoral thesis (1991) was entitled Comparative Science of Cultures and the Universality of Religion: An Essay on Worlds without Views and Views without the World Prof Balu is a researcher in the field of the nature of religion His central area of inquiry is the study of Western culture against the background of Indian culture Prof Balagangadhara has held the co-chair of the Hinduism Unit at the American Academy of Religion (AAR) and gives lectures to a wide audience, from European, American, and Indian classrooms and scholarly conference halls to Hindu temples Margaret Benefiel, Ph.D., teaches at Andover Newton Theological School in Boston and at the Milltown Institute in Dublin, Ireland For the 2003–2004 academic year, she held the O’Donnell Chair of Spirituality at the Milltown Institute CEO of ExecutiveSoul.com, Dr Benefiel, also has served as Chair of the Management, Spirituality, and Religion Group at the Academy of Management Over 500 executives, managers, and other leaders have participated in her seminars and courses She is the author of Soul at Work: Spiritual Leadership in Organizations (Seabury Books, 2005) and The Soul of a Leader: Finding Your Path to Success and Fulfillment (Crossroad, 2008), and has also written for The Leadership Quarterly, Management Communication Quarterly, Managerial Finance, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Organization, Personal Excellence, America, Presence, The Way, Studies in Spirituality, and other journals and edited volumes Paul de Chauvigny de Blot SJ, Lic.Ph was born in Java, Indonesia He studied physics, philosophy and political science, psychology, spirituality, and later, theology He worked as a chemist in a sugar plantation and went to the commands when the Second World War broke out He landed in a concentration camp After the war, he joined the Jesuit order (www.jezuieten.org) Paul de Blot worked in primary education, as pastor, as a lecturer at the university campus, and since 1979, has been the moderator of the Nyenrode Business University He graduated in 2004 with a thesis on “Renewal of Organizations in a Chaotic Environment Through the Renovation of Mankind,” and, in 2006, he was appointed professor of business and spirituality He holds the Business Spirituality Chair in Nyenrode Business Universiteit www.nyenrode.nl Luk Bouckaert (1941) is emeritus professor of ethics at the Catholic University of Leuven (K.U Leuven, Belgium) His training is in philosophy and economics His research and publications fall within the fields of business ethics and spirituality In 1987, he cofounded the interdisciplinary Centre for Economics and Ethics at Leuven In 2000, he started the SPES Forum (Spirituality in Economics and Society) In 2004, he became president of the European SPES Forum www.spes-forum.be Authors 257 Sorabh Gupta has diverse corporate and nonprofit experience He has spent more than 10 years in the telecommunications industry marketing, developing, and consulting for leading businesses in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific While he gained valuable experience as a corporate professional, over the past few years, he has dedicated a significant amount of his time to social development In 2000, he was selected by USAID as Industry Advisor on investment opportunities in basic infrastructure decisions for Romania Since 2003, his interest in personal development and societal change led to his involvement with the Art of Living Foundation and the International Association for Human Values (IAHV) He became a trainer in 2005 and, subsequently, led the organization’s Hurricane Katrina relief efforts in Texas and 26/11 Mumbai Terror Attack initiative for the Oberoi and Taj Hotels in Mumbai, India He has worked at the highest administration levels of the Foundation and IAHV, including Secretary to the Founder He organized one of the largest human values conferences in India focused on global peace – hosting dignitaries from more than 100 countries Sorabh completed his undergraduate studies in Engineering in Pune, India, and his graduate degree with Honors from Rutgers University, USA He is currently enrolled in a Global MBA program jointly run by Columbia University, New York, and London Business School He has recently relocated to Mumbai, India, to spend more time with his family and continues to remain closely involved with the IAHV’s Corporate Leadership Development Initiative – APEX in Asia Pacific Wim A.J Keizer started his consultancy company (Keizer Prestatie Consultancy) in 1999 Earlier, he worked as a consultant and manager in different Dutch companies He holds a master’s degree in Work and Organizational Psychology at the University of Amsterdam He is also accredited as a Dutch sports psychologist He also coaches and trains professionals, managers, and elite sportsmen Wim is passionate about creating optimal circumstances for talent to flourish Information: www.kpc.nl Jutta Koănig has worked as a psychologist and coach with van Ede and Partners, the oldest career consultancy company in the Netherlands, since 2000 Her own company, Moving Experience, has offered psychotherapy and consultancy for multicultural individuals and companies, first in Singapore from 1994 to 1999 and in the Netherlands since 1995 She also works as part of a collective to promote intercultural awareness and diversity (http://www.differentvoices.nl) Jutta is currently working independently on her PhD Van Ede and Partners published her bilingual (English/Dutch) book of case studies called Birds of Passage/Trekvogels in 2008, in which career coaches describe their growing awareness of intercultural complexity gained while coaching clients from different cultural backgrounds Suzan Langenberg works as a senior advisor for Diversity (SME) in Belgium and the Netherlands She is a founding member of the interdisciplinary platform Academy Leo Beyers for Arts and Life Sciences She studied history, philosophy of human sciences and two contract studies in sexology and developmental 258 Authors psychopathology at the University of Amsterdam Her main interest touches on the critical relation between communication and organizational dilemmas She has published several articles and in 2008 she completed her Ph.D on “Criticism as de-organization: Business ethics and free speech” at Radboud University Nijmegen (the Netherlands) Ashish Pandey is faculty in Shailesh J Mehta School of Management (SJMSoM) in Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, India Before joining SJMSoM he was leading research and development function at Pragati Leadership Institute, Pune, India He is a fellow of Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, India His doctoral research work was on “Spiritual Climate and its Impact on Customer Satisfaction,” and he has received awards at different national and international forums including, Infosys Leadership Institute (Mysore), Indian Institute of Science (Bangalore), and Indian Institute of Management (Indore) He is passionate about developing management models and theories that integrate contemporary management thinking and traditional wisdom of the Indian culture His research has appeared in several leading journals including Journal of Business Ethics; Pfeiffer Annual of Training and Consulting; Journal of European Industrial Training; Psychological Studies; Global Business Review, Indian Journal of Training and Development Nanik Rupani is the Founder and Chairman of the Priyadarshni Academy, which was established to render service to humanity The academy has grown in the last 25 years since it was first established, and currently supports over 10 projects including Education, Environment, and caring for the underprivileged Mr Rupani is the Chairman of Neutron Electronic Systems Pvt Ltd., Chairman of Neutron Infotech Pvt Ltd., Chairman of Architectural Audio (I) Pvt Ltd., Chairman of Adino Telecom Ltd., Chairman of Roopmeck Electricals Pvt Ltd., Director of Insurance Assist Pvt Ltd., Director of Echo Valley Developers Pvt Ltd., CoChairman of Maharashtra Region, FICCI, and Director of Point Projects Pvt Ltd Prahlad Singh Shekhawat is a writer and freelance journalist, Director of the Alternative Development Centre in Jaipur, India He is the author of “Human Development and Culture”, “Anand Cooperative Model” and “Rethinking Development and Well-being” (forthcoming) Prahlad has an M.A in Development Studies from Institute of Social Studies, the Netherlands He is South Asia Coordinator of the International Development Ethics Association and founder and member of People’s Union of Civil Liberties, Rajasthan He has given lectures in Europe and Japan Kuku Singh is the managing director and senior consultant at Pragati Leadership Institute Pvt Ltd., Pune, Maharastra, India She has been the lead consultant of the Wholesome Leadership Process implemented at SEW-Eurodrive India Ltd She holds a master degree in economics and finance and diplomas in finance and human resource management As a facilitator, she has worked with more than 15,000 Authors 259 executives at different hierarchical levels, across 120 organizations She works deeply on the concept of Self Mastery as the roots to Excellence and Leadership She is an executive coach to a number of senior-level executives Some of the client organizations that Kuku has worked for are Atlas Copco, CIMMYT (Mexico), DHL, Emirates General Petroleum Corporation (Dubai), IWMI (Sri Lanka), Oracle, P&O Nedlloyd, MBT (UK), SKF, Tata, and AIG She is a certified NLP practitioner and a qualified trainer for advanced-level MBTI As an individual, she is passionate about empowering women and has actively contributed towards various community development initiatives Henry van Straten began his career at Shell in the mid 1980s and is currently Team Leader of the Global Knowledge Center in Energy, Water, and CO2 services for Shell Global Solutions He has a PhD in physical chemistry He has held various positions in R&D, operations and consultancy in the metals, mining, and oil industries He has a keen interest in sustainability and is one of the leading Shell specialists in water management He has a long-term passion for self-awareness and supporting tools like yoga, meditation, and breathing, and has been active in pioneering the piloting of these tools in the Shell business environment culminating in the launch of AWARE together with Monique de Wit and Mandar Apte Jan Vos founded Serving Management Solutions (SMS) in September 2008 SMS delivers consulting services to organizations in the IT industry to support their organizational learning, leadership and business development Jan Vos also serves as a volunteer on the operational committee of the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership Europe Prior to SMS, Jan Vos spent years at Cisco Systems and years at Juniper Networks in Service & Support leadership roles He started his career as a technical support engineer and worked at Bay Network’s Technical Assistance Center in Valbonne, France He earned a bachelor’s degree in computer science from the Polytechnic Enschede, The Netherlands and an MBA from Nyenrode Business Universiteit, The Netherlands Monique de Wit, while working for Shell, is on secondment as Health, Safety, and Environment Manager for Schlumberger in The Netherlands In her previous role, she was Incident Manager for Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., managing the process of reporting significant incidents like fatalities or major spills, investigation and, most importantly, learning from incidents She also led the AWARE employee network, bringing yoga and meditative techniques to the workplace to help employees become more effective Her other roles include Social Performance, advising Shell companies how to better manage the social impacts of their operations She has also worked as technologist in Oman, facing various issues with communities She is one of the founders of Shell’s Project Better World; a volunteer initiative involving employees in environmental and community projects in partnership with NGOs Previously, she worked at Shell Global Solutions as energy consultant and for Dynaf Energy Technology in Curac¸ao, performing a 260 Authors cogeneration market survey Monique has degrees in both Mechanical Engineering and Technology and Society La´szlo´ Zsolnai is professor and director of the Business Ethics Center at the Corvinus University of Budapest He is chairman of the Business Ethics Faculty Group of the CEMS He is also a Fellow Associate of Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK La´szlo´ Zsolnai was born in 1958, in Szentes, Hungary He has a masters in finance and a doctorate in sociology from the Budapest University of Economic Sciences He received his Ph.D and D.Sc degrees in economics from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences He is Editor-in-Chief of “Ethical Prospects” published by Springer He also serves as Series Editor of “Frontiers of Business Ethics” for Peter Lang Academic Publishers, in Oxford Endorsement for the book of Dr Sharda S Nandram and Margot Borden, M.A Spirituality and Business comes at a time when alignment to inner and higher values is as crucial as it has ever been before Indeed, the global financial crisis and the resulting economic downturn showed us to what point ethics and business are deeply intertwined: translated into business terms, it means a healthy and safe investment into our innermost values for a greater and sounder return, a truly sustainable future In our world of global exchanges and challenging economic environment, being a business woman myself, I strongly believe that aligning one’s deep inner values, vision, leadership, and culture is tantamount to personal fulfillment This is what, in turn, invariably creates the success of organizations The book’s multiple approaches give the reader both valuable cultural and theoretical knowledge and concrete down-to-earth business cases with proven implementation of such alignment Spirituality and Business describes and analyzes in a unique way the emerging business practices that will undoubtedly become the new rules of tomorrow’s true leaders Liva S Judic, Executive and Talent Coach, CEO at Ayna Partners This book is all about spirituality in business, defined and brought out coherently in practical terms drawn from both Eastern and Western beliefs and practices It brings together the collective wisdom of professionals, academia, and research communities to highlight and stimulate thoughts on spirituality in business, at large The comprehensive coverage and flow take the reader on a journey from answering questions on rudimentary dilemmas to demonstrating an approach to achieve the ultimate success and satisfaction in business A lucid and committed work in display indeed! Dr R.P Raya Professor, Department of Management Studies, Pondicherry University, India The editors did a splendid job of bringing together the diverse views and approaches to spirituality The authors have established a fine balance between 261 262 Endorsement for the book of Dr Sharda S Nandram and Margot Borden, M.A offering practical examples and theoretical views As opposed to a religious worldview, spirituality is about realizing our inner truth and potentials in all aspects of our lives: personal and professional A spiritual approach to business is an invitation for a paradigm shift; a transformation of the very foundations of our business practice and is, therefore, increasingly of interest in the fields of management, leadership, coaching, and business academics The disciplines and introspection involved in a spiritual approach to life and business lay the foundation for healthier, more balanced, and harmonious lives It leads to personal fulfillment, ethical, inspired thinking and behavior, and an entirely new way of doing business This book reveals essential answers for addressing the global crises being faced today Sushil Jiwarajka, Chairman Western Regional Council Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry, Mumbai, India Spirituality and Business – oxymoron or empowering insight? The first decade of the ‘new millennium’ has been replete with stories of business’s failure to behave honestly with its many stakeholders – being spiritual would seem out of reach Yet it is in difficult times that hope is rekindled and one begins to believe in something grander than oneself The time is right to focus on how spirituality benefits employees, managers, customers, and stockholders Nandram and Borden have edited a book with talented experts sharing and exploring ideas from many cultures on what spirituality means – and can accomplish – in the workplace Topics range from implementing spirituality through practical compassion, to actualizing individual creativity for a greater good, to transformational learning, broadening one’s consciousness, and servant leadership One must read and resource for those who care enough to want a better world – for themselves and for others Stephen A Stumpf, Ph.D., Fred J Springer Chair in Business Leadership Professor of Management, Villanova School of Business The need for a more meaningful form of leadership for business is obvious Business people are increasingly beginning to endorse spiritual practices such as meditation The call of Spirit is an inner expression of spirituality that will transform the way we conduct our business, our ethics, and our responsibilities towards our families and the community we live in The book gives a broad and multicultural overview of the various views and applications integrating spiritual vision, ethics, and practices into the workplace and corporate world One of the applications is Servant-leadership The authors describe the spiritual features of this form of leadership and conclude that this form may provide keys to the needed paradigm shift in the corporate world Ed Voerman, Greenleaf Center for Servant-leadership Europe, Boardmember of UTS Voerman Group Spirituality and Business covers a subject which is still too often sidestepped And it does so very well We, sometimes, really forget that business can have Endorsement for the book of Dr Sharda S Nandram and Margot Borden, M.A 263 multiple goals and expressions The measure of valuing the potential gift of a venture is unfortunately still primarily expressed in terms of money That is a really remarkable and persistent simplification, especially, when money is only one of many outcomes of a successful company Spirituality and Business will contribute to changing that perception Think of the joy of creating a new idea or a new venture and the satisfaction of working on something new which truly benefits the people and the planet, and provides an income for its participants as well That is the best of all worlds Karel J Samsom, Ph.D., Entrepreneur, professor of entrepreneurship and sustainable venturing at Nyenrode (1990 to date) Regular visiting professor at University of Vermont, Fordham University, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management Spirituality and Business, indeed, is a great contribution to master one of the biggest challenges of this era: how will we realign business activities to Nature and Society, as well as to inner values? By analyzing and demonstrating how entrepreneurship can be aimed at the increasing need of society for a more sustainable future, the authors not only contribute to the quality and success of business, but also to personal satisfaction and societal transformation The book’s cross-cultural and multidisciplinary approaches and the theoretical and practical views on the relationship between spirituality and business provide valuable insights on how the business community can exploit our endless inner resources to develop a truly holistic managerial approach Toon Bullens, President of the Dutch Association of Mutual Insurers The theme Spirituality and Business is excellent and highly relevant in today’s world This book covers both theoretical and practical means that encourage companies to find new and inspired approaches to leadership and business The message is poignant: spirituality opens a new door to personal and collective fulfillment and a means to unleashing and realizing our hidden talents It leads to aligning our actions to a higher, inner calling and liberates individuals from the trap of the self-centered quest for fulfillment and power The authors come from many horizons and countries and add to the relevance of the topic in an increasingly global world and demonstrate the fact that diversity holds the potential to be a great source of enrichment Mr Gul Kripalani, President, Indian Merchants’ Chamber ... life Sharda S Nandram I would like to thank my beloved Guru Paramahamsa Hariharanandaji and his wise and loving successor Paramahamsa Prajnananandaji for their constant, patient and loving guidance... than the topic of spirituality and business In the interest of better understanding and applying spirituality in business, it became necessary to develop a scientific and nondenominational approach... meaning and fulfillment to individuals and thus affecting the productivity of the organizations they work for, and, finally, it is a source of competitive advantage for business 8 S.S Nandram and