Business Ethics and Values Companion Website ON THE WEBSITE For open-access student resources specifically written to complement this textbook and support your learning, please visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/fisherlovellvalerosilva 13: Moral agency at work and a modest proposal for affecting ethics in business iii Business Ethics and Values Individual, Corporate and ­International Perspectives Fourth edition Colin Fisher Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University Alan Lovell Former Dean, Glamorgan Business School Néstor Valero-Silva Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University with a case study by Shishir Malde Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow CM20 2JE United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1279 623623 Web: www.pearson.com/uk First published 2003 (print) Second edition 2006 (print) Third edition 2009 (print) This edition published 2013 (print and electronic) © Pearson Education Limited 2003, 2006, 2009 (print) © Pearson Education Limited 2013 (print and electronic) The rights of Colin Fisher, Alan Lovell and Néstor Valero-Silva to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 The print publication is protected by copyright Prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, distribution or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, permission should be obtained from the publisher or, where applicable, a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom should be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS The ePublication is protected by copyright and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased, or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and the publishers’ rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third-party internet sites The Financial Times With a worldwide network of highly respected journalists, The Financial Times provides global business news, insightful opinion and expert analysis of business, finance and politics With over 500 journalists reporting from 50 countries worldwide, our in-depth coverage of international news is objectively reported and analysed from an independent, global perspective To find out more, visit www.ft.com/pearsonoffer ISBN: 978-0-273-75791-7 (print) 978-0-273-75793-1 (PDF) 978-0-273-78128-8 (eText) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for the print edition is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for the print edition is available from the Library of Congress 10 16 15 14 13 12 Print edition typeset in 9.5/12pt ITC Stone serif by 73 Print edition printed and bound by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport NOTE THAT ANY PAGE CROSS REFERENCES REFER TO THE PRINT EDITION Brief Contents Introduction Acknowledgements PART A Business ethics matters: what is it and why does it matter? Chapter Perspectives on business ethics and values Chapter Ethical issues in business Chapter Ethical theories and how to use them PART B Individuals’ responses to ethical issues Chapter Personal values and heuristics Chapter Individual responses to ethical situations Chapter Whistleblower or witness? PART C Organisational responses to ethical issues Chapter Corporate governance, an organisation’s external accountability Chapter Compliance and integrity: an organisation’s internal accountability Chapter Corporate social responsibility Chapter 10 Sustainability PART D The international context Chapter 11 Global and local values – and international business Chapter 12 Globalisation and international business Chapter 13 Moral agency at work and a modest proposal for affecting ethics in business Chapter 14 Concluding integrative case studies xv xxi 41 101 147 149 192 225 257 259 299 332 374 411 413 454 497 525 vi Brief Contents Filmography References Index 549 563 603 Contents Introduction Acknowledgements PART A Business ethics matters: what is it and why does it matter? Chapter Perspectives on business ethics and values Learning outcomes Introduction Stories and business ethics Case study 1.1: The News of the World story The business case for business ethics Stakeholder theory Business and organisational ethics Case study 1.2: Biography and philosophy Boundaries of jurisdiction or spheres of justice Defining the boundaries of the economic sphere Reflections Summary Typical assignments Group activity 1.1 Useful websites Chapter Ethical issues in business Learning outcomes Introduction Part one: The map of business ethics issues Part two: Encouraging goodness Case study 2.1: The Nationwide Foundation Case study 2.2: British Sugar and Sunday trucking Case study 2.3: Farepak xv xxi 4 11 18 20 26 31 34 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 51 52 53 54 viii Contents Case study 2.4: AIDS drugs and patent rights in South Africa 56 Case study 2.5: Child labour in developing countries 58 Case study 2.6: David Shayler and whistleblowing on MI5 59 Part three: Creating a level playing field, benignness 60 Case study 2.7: Paying for staff’s professional training 62 Case study 2.8: Executive fat cats and banker’s bonuses 63 Case study 2.9: The oil companies and the 2000 fuel crisis 65 Case study 2.10: Providing new drugs on the NHS to people with multiple ­sclerosis 67 Case study 2.11: Discriminating against employees – the Metropolitan Police Service 68 Case study 2.12: The British railway system: priorities, profits and governance 70 Part four: Preventing indifference to others 72 Case study 2.13: The case of Shell’s missing oil barrels 75 Case study 2.14: BAT, Nottingham University and the honorary professor 78 Case study 2.15: Lord Browne of Madingley 78 Case study 2.16: Economy with the truth when dealing with the tax authorities 80 Case study 2.17: Fraudulent businesses – Parmalat, Satyam & Madoff 81 Case study 2.18: Lord Black and Hollinger International 83 Case study 2.19: BAT and allegations of cigarette smuggling 85 Case study 2.20: The retention of dead babies’ organs in hospitals 87 Part five: Discouraging badness 87 Case study 2.21: British Airways and Virgin Atlantic 88 Case study 2.22: The hospital consultants 90 Case study 2.23: Supermarkets’ treatment of their supply chains 91 Case study 2.24: The Super Size Me sales promotion 93 Case study 2.25: Sexual harassment 94 Case study 2.26: The Firestone Tire recall issue 95 Case study 2.27: Huntingdon Life Sciences 96 Reflections 98 Summary 98 Typical assignments 99 Group activity 2.1 99 Recommended further reading 99 Useful websites 100 Chapter Ethical theories and how to use them Learning outcomes Introduction A map of ethical theories Applying ethical theories Reflections 101 102 102 102 138 144 Summary Typical assignments Group activity 3.1 Recommended further reading Useful websites PART B Individuals’ responses to ethical issues Chapter Personal values and heuristics Contents Learning outcomes Introduction Perceptions of values Case study 4.1: Chris’s managerial development: a fable Values and ethical thinking Heuristic thinking Decision-making heuristics Values as heuristics in ethical reasoning Value heuristics and priority setting Integrity and loyalty as value heuristics Discussion of the Dilemma simulation in Activity 4.4 Reflections Summary Typical assignments Group activity 4.1 Group activity 4.2 Recommended further reading Useful websites Chapter Individual responses to ethical situations Learning outcomes Introduction Categories of response to ethical issues Competing stances: the possibility of cognitive dissonance Case study 5.1: Disabled access Case study 5.2: Particularized and categorisation Influences on choice of stance Reflections Summary Typical assignments Group activity 5.1 ix 144 145 145 145 146 147 149 150 150 153 162 165 166 167 171 173 179 185 186 187 188 189 190 190 191 192 193 193 193 198 205 214 215 220 221 222 222 616 Index I Ibeanu, O., IBFAN see International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) IBM, 477 Ibrahim, H., 267 ICC see International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) identification principle, 287–9, 292 identity construction, 154 IFM see International Association of Infant Food Manufacturers (IFM) Ijaw, 472 illegality, legality, and justice, combination of, 45–51 illegitimate norms, 430–1 ILO see International Labour Organization (ILO) IMF, 507, 510 Incendies, 554 An Inconvenient Truth, 549 Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC), 69 India, 7, 49, 56, 57, 82, 89, 126, 285–6, 318, 364, 378, 379, 390, 391, 397, 416, 419, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425–8, 430, 433, 434, 435, 436, 438, 439, 440, 442, 447, 457, 458, 462, 463, 464, 465–6, 479, 480, 490, 505, 552, 557 indifference to others, 45, 72–87 cheating, 81–7 lying (see lying) individualism, 249, 254, 274, 421 individual need, 175–6 individual responses to ethical situations, 192–224 categories of (see categories of responses to ethical situations) cognitive dissonance (see cognitive dissonance) influences on choice of stance, 215–20 overview, 193 Indonesia, 358, 385, 419, 433, 462, 469–70 informal economy, 462–4 The Informant, 560 initial public offering (IPO), Glencore and see Glencore IPO, accountability issues Innocent, 361 In Search of Excellence, 158 Inside Job, 554 The Insider, 560 The Institute for Human Rights & Business, 100 Institute of Business Ethics, 17, 40 Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability, 275 instrumental rationality, 157 instrumental values, 152–3 instrumental view, 404 of nature, 402–5 Integrative Social Contract Theory (ISCT), 429–30, 431 integrity, 37–8, 73, 179–85 defined, 179–81 degree of ethical, 194 ethical horizons, 182–5 Intellectual Property Committee (IPC), 401 intensity, of shareholders’ relief, 124 intention, conscience and, 105–6 InterActiveCorp, 279 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 389 interim relief, 253 International Association of Infant Food Manufacturers (IFM), 485 International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN), 302, 486 International best practice standards, 275–9 international business, globalisation and see globalisation, international business and International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), 487 International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, 484–5 International Corporate Governance Network, 298 International Federation of Accountants’ Code of Ethics, 320 International Labour Organization (ILO), 58, 300, 486, 487, 490 International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), 275, 276 international trade, regulation of, 43 Internet, 155 In This World, 554 The Invention of Lying, 560 Investor Responsibility Research Centre (IRRC), 85 Invictus, 554 I.O.U.S.A., 553 IPC see Intellectual Property Committee (IPC) IPCC see Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Iran, 365, 474, 540, 554 Iraq, 470, 553, 554, 562 Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers, 554 Ireland, 270, 504, 528, 532 ironic liberalism, 200 irony, ISCT see Integrative Social Contract Theory (ISCT) ISO see International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) Israel, 365, 422 Italy, 81, 82, 83, 270, 278, 368, 383, 504, 510, 528 It’s a Free World, 554 Iwerks, Leslie, 551 J Jackall, R., 184, 196, 308 Japan, 28, 262, 270, 278, 351, 368, 392, 403, 418, 419, 420, 421, 434, 435, 436 jati (castes), 438 Jensen, T., 313 John Paul II, 48, 49 Johnson, John, 146 joint implementation, 394, 398 Jolie, Angelina, 26 JOLLIES see Judged, Outcome Leveraged, Life Improvement Expected Sum (JOLLIES) Jones, Phil, 399 Jonsen, A., 515 Jos, P.H., 248–9 Joyce, James, 214 judge, charter revocation laws and, 281–2 Judged, Outcome Leveraged, Life Improvement Expected Sum (JOLLIES), 123, 124 Jung, C.G., 520 Junkerman, John, 557 justice, 132 illegality, legality, and justice, combination of, 45–51 libertarian perspective, 129 Rawls: justice as fairness, 113–16 virtue and, 134–6 Index 617 K Kabbalah, 102 Kahneman, D., 167–8, 171 Kaler, J., 167 kali, 427 kali-yuga, 427 kama, 425 Kaneva, Milena, 561 Kant, Immanuel, 107–13, 130, 139, 156 kantian ethics, 107–13 Kanungo, R.N., 326 Kapner, F., 81, 82 Kaptein, M., 313 Kärreman, D., 184, 196 Kautilya, 426 Kavanagh, Trevor, 10 Kazakhstan, 549 Keats, R., 32 Kelly, Christopher, 339 Kelman, H., 307 Kemm, J.R., 119–20 Kenya, 52, 419, 505, 559 Kew Gardens case, 216 King, C., 288 King Report, 272–5 Kings Cross fire, 290, 291, 293 kin selection, 60 Kipling’s Cakes, 156 Kirchenbaum, H., 157 Kirk, G.S., Kirkpatrick, J., 130 Kjonstad, B., 200 Klein, Naomi, 479, 557–8 Klimov, Elem, 552 Klonoski, R J., 335 Klusak, Vit, 551 Knights, D., 31 Kohlberg, Lawrence, 135, 217–18, 219, 220, 245, 323 Kotcheff, Ted, 558 KPMG, 85, 285, 368 Kramer, M.R., 342 Kraus, P., 267 Kurtz, L., 334 Kurucz, E.C., 351, 354 kyosei, 418 Kyoto protocol, 385, 392 618 Index L Labour Government (1997), 286 Labour Party, 198 Lady Judge, 545 laissez-faire capitalism, 26–7, 130 Lambur, M., 118 Lamont, Eve, 559 land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), 394 Lane, J.-E., 123 Lang, Fritz, 555 language, 159 Latin American, 364, 379, 381, 387, 423, 482, 560 Law Commission Report No 237, 291 Lawrence, Stephen, 68 Lay, Kenneth, 229 Layard, Richard, 513 leadership, 74 Leahy, Terry, 533 learning individual and organisational, 127 from moral exemplars, 200 Lebanon, 266 Lee, T.A., 262 legality in ethical framework, 104–5 illegality and justice, combination of, 45–51 Legge, K., 157, 158–9, 182 Legislating the Criminal Code: Involuntary Manslaughters, 291 Lehman Brothers, 382 Lemmon, Jack, Lessnoff, M., 280 Leveson, Lord Justice, 387 Levinson, Barry, 551–2 Levi Strauss, 367 Lewis, Avi, 560 Lewis, D.B., 230 liberalisation, international trade, 463–4 libertarian perspective, 129 Libya, 59 licence to practice, 280 Lichtenstein, S., 120–1 Liedtka, J., 308 Life in Fragments, 160 The Liggett Group, 281–2 Lindblom, Charles, 338, 500 Li Ning, 543 Linklater, Richard, 553 LloydsTSB, 279 Loach, Ken, 550, 554, 560 Lobbying: Access and Influence in Whitehall, 340 lobbying, political, 339–40 Lobbying Disclosures Act 1995, 340 Locke, J., 280 Logo-isation, 478 Logsdon, J.M., 336 Logstrup, Knud, 26 London Business School, 322 London Eye, 52 London Stock Exchange (LSE), 268, 270, 539 L’Oréal, 361 Lorenz, Edward, 379 Lorillard Corporation, 281–2 Lovell, A.T.A., 208, 212, 213, 239, 242, 245, 246, 321, 327 loyalty, 179–85 defined, 179–81 ethical horizons, 182–5 LSE see London Stock Exchange (LSE) Lucas, R., 537 LULUCF see land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) Luxembourg, 527 lying, 72–80 Kantian ethics, 109–10 Lyme Bay canoeing tragedy, 230, 231, 238, 290 Lyons, D., 49 Lyotard, J.-F., 158 M Mabbott, J.D., 195, 196 Macaulay, William, 543 Machado, Antonio, 406 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 217 Machiavellianism, 217 MacIntyre, Alistair, 131–2, 134, 136, 521 Mackenzie, Holt, 125–6 Mackie, J.L., 217 Maclagan, P., 29, 30 Made in Dagenham, 554 Madoff, Bernie, 83 magnanimity, 134 Maguire, K., 86 The Maid, 560 Malawi, 344, 485, 507–8 breastmilk substitutes in, 485 grain market, deregulating and privatising, 507–8 Malaysia, 267, 419, 421, 433, 476 Management Today’s, 13 Mandela, Nelson, 135, 275, 366 Manderlay, 554 Mann, Michael, 560 Mansell, I., 77 Mansfield, Lord, 103 Maori culture, drug abuse testing and, 449 map of business ethics issues, 43–51 encouraging goodness, 51–60 good and bad, 44–5 legal, illegal and justice, 45–51 semiotic square, 44–5 map of ethical theories, 102–4 conscience, 105–7 corporate social responsibility, 126–8 decency, 138 deontological ethics (see deontological ethics) ‘do no harm,’ principle of, 116–17 legality, 104–5 utilitarianism, 117–26 virtue ethics, 131–7, 233 March, J.G., 31 Marchioness, 290 Marc Rich & Co, 540 Marcuse, A.H., 31 Margolis, J.D., 351 market value added (MVA), 14, 15 Marks & Spencer, 17, 92, 268, 270, 279 Markula Center for Applied Ethics, 146 Marquand, D., 21, 27–8 Marshall, Colin, 89 Martin, James, 146 Martin, Tim, 533 Marx, K., 6, 67 masculinity, 421 Maslow, A.H., 31 MAS Management Advisory Service, 191 Mason, R., 545 Mathews, M.C., 305, 306 Matthews, J.B., 45, 245 Matthews, Stephen, 11 Maturana, H., 378 Max Havelaar, 333 Maxwell, Robert, 229, 236 Index 619 Maxwell Communications, 229, 230, 236, 251, 261, 262, 268 Maynard, A., 176 Mayo vs Prometheus, 403 Mazur, Paul M., 382 McAlpine, Alistair, 339 McAlpine, Lord, 339 McCauley, R., 535 McCormack, Ray, 549 McDonald, Chris, 100 McDonaldisation, 479, 482 The McDonaldization of Society, 478 McDonald’s, 6, 93–4, 467, 479, 480 McGuiness, R., 535 McIver, R.P., 266 McKinley, A., 31 McKinnell, Hank, 56–7 McLibel: Two Worlds Collide, 554–5 McMullan, Paul, 9–10 McMylor, P., 32, 134, 137 McPherson report, 68–70 McWilliams, A., 351 MDGs see Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Meade, J.E., 115 Means, G.C., 260 Measures for the Economic Development of Under-Developed Countries, 400 media, sustainability and, 387–8 Meikle, J., 78 Meirelles, Fernando, 558 Meirovich, G., 50 members-only ethos, 323 Mendonca, M., 326 Mens rea, 294 metanoia, 127 metaphors, metonymy, Metropolis, 555 Metropolitan Police Service, 68–70 Mexico, 339, 343, 359, 368, 378, 550, 552, 561 MG Rover, 500–1, 517–19 MI5, whistleblowing on, 59–60 Miceli, M.P., 228, 245 Michael Clayton, 555 Michaels, A., 77 Middle East, 445, 557 Mihil, C., 176 Milburn, Alan, 67 ‘military-industrial complex,’ 468 620 Index Milk, 555 Mill, James, 125 Mill, John Stuart, 117, 118, 125, 129 Millar, David, 505 Millay, Edna St Vincent, 44 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 492 Millennium Dome, 52 Millennium Goals, 385 Milmo, C., 74 Minder, R., 82 Mindwalk, 379, 555 Minnesota Center for Corporate Responsibility, 418 Mitchell, R K., 349, 351 Mitsubishi, 362 MNEs see multinational enterprises (MNEs) modernist view of values, 157, 162, 164–5 Modern Times, 555 modesty, 133 Moghul Empire, 457, 458 Mokhiber, R., 281–2 moksha, 425 Moldoveanu, M., 279 Mondays in the Sun, 555 Mondovino, 555 Money Programme: How fair is Fairtrade?, 359 Monks, Robert, 269 Monksbane and feverfew exercise, 173–9 Moore, G., 16–17, 52, 521 Moore, J.M., 245 Moore, Michael, 550, 557 Moore, O., 53 moral agency, 243, 245 business sustainability, 505–6 challenges to, 498–500 corporation and democratic ideals, 500–3 defined, 20 economics, politics and human behaviour, 507–9 principled judgment, 517–20 processes of, 511–13 sustainability, 503–5 taking action, 513–23 moral algebra, 166–7 moral free space, 430 moral imagination, 514–15 casuistry and, 516 morality, ethics and, 45 moral judgment, 200 moral object, conscience and, 105 moral reasoning, 245 moral values, 151 More, E., 13–14 Morgan, O., 77 Morocco, 462 Morris, P., 34, 86 Morrisons, 17, 270 Mounce, H.O., 141, 160, 200, 220 Moutout, Jean-Marc, 562 moveable values, 424–8 Mpasu, S., 508 Mr Smith Goes to Washington, 555–6 mudaraba, 438 multi-domestic companies, 459 see also multinational enterprises (MNEs) multinational enterprises (MNEs) codes of practice into effect, 486–90 collusion between governments and corporations, 468–9 defined, 459 exploitation of weak institutions, 464–70, 478 oppressive regimes, 475–7 political tensions, 471–5 voluntary codes, 484–6 multiple sclerosis (MS), 67–8 Murderball, 556 Murdoch, Rupert, 7, 8, 344 Murphy’s Law, 120 Murray, Rupert, 559 Murray, Simon, 540, 543, 544, 545 Myers, A., 253 Myners Committee, 271 myths, 158, 195 N nabobs, 457 Nagorno-Karabakh, 474, 475 The Name of the Rose, 161–2 National Black Police Association (NBPA), 69 National Crime Squad, 97 National Farmers Union (NFU), 53 National Health Service (NHS), 65, 458 ethical puzzle, 197 multiple sclerosis, drugs for, 67–8 waiting lists, 119, 247–8 National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), 67 National Institute of Health, 116 Nationwide Building Society, 52 Nationwide Foundation, 52–3 naturalistic fallacy, 141, 432 The Navigators, 560 NBPA see National Black Police Association (NBPA) Ndoki, 472 Near, J.P., 228, 245 need, individual, 175–6 negative externalities, 393 nemesis, 79–80 neo-institutionalism, 83 neo-liberalism, 344 challenging, 510–11 neo-traditional view of values, 157–8, 162, 165 nepotism, 173 Nestlé, 279, 364, 369, 485 Netherlands, 359, 399, 419 Netherlands East Indies, 76 Network Rail, 71–2 ‘New Age’ therapies/philosophies, 158 New Labour, 286 News Corporation, 7, 279 News International, 7, 8, 10 News of the World (NoW), 7–10, 70 newspapers, using illegal means, 7–11 The New Statesman, 10 The New York Times Magazine, 341 New Zealand, 419, 449 NGOs see non-governmental organisations (NGOs) NHS see National Health Service (NHS) Nicaraguan, 82, 460 Niebuhr, R., 260–1 Niger Delta, despoiling, Nigeria, 6, 75, 368, 386, 461, 471, 472 Nijhof, 489 Nike, 364, 369, 470 Nile Petroleum Operation Company (NPOC), 476 Nisbet, R.A., 249 Nixon, Richard, 339 Nolan Committee reports, 322 Nolan principles, 73–4 No Logo, 479 nomenklatura, 442 non-executive directors (NEDs), 271–2 non-governmental organisations (NGOs), 510–11 Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000), 277 Index 621 normative approaches, 36 North America, 369, 380, 381, 422, 435, 480 Northern Rock, 54 Northfork, 556 Norway, 75, 270 Norwegian Consumer Ombudsman, 362 Nossiter, Jonathan, 555 Nottinghamshire County Council, 235 Nottingham University, 78 A Nous La Liberté, 549 NoW see News of the World (NoW) Nozick, Robert, 114, 129 NPOC see Nile Petroleum Operation Company (NPOC) O O’Bannon, D., 17 Oberman, W.D., 261 objectivism, 26, 129–31, 177, 216 objectivity, 73 The Observer, 58, 65, 85 Occidental, 357 OECD see Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Office for the Study of ethical development, 224 Office of Fair Trading, 91 Office of National Statistics, 64 Office of the Rail Regulator, 72 Office of the UN Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 490 Official Secrets Act, 59, 252 offsetting scheme, 396, 398 Of Gods and Men, 556 Ogoni, 472 OHCHR see Office of the UN Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) oil companies/industry, 65–6, 468–75 Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, 473–5 exploration, U’wa and, 357 Niger Delta, 471–2 Royal Dutch/Shell company, 75–7 Okrika, 472 Ollman, Dan, 561 Olympus, 262, 279 O’Neill, Martin, 91 One Planet Living, 389 One World Trust, 298 OPEC see Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 622 Index Opel, 362 openness, 74 organisational behaviours, 307 compliance, 307 identification, 307 internalisation, 307 organisational cultures, 303, 417–28 see also cultures/cultural difference Vedantic principles, 425–6 organisational ethics see business ethics organisational learning, 127 see also learning organisational performance improvement, corporate governance and, 265–7 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 261, 271, 283, 483 Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 358 orientalism, 481 Oslo Stock Exchange, 270 Osman Gürbüz, 267 Our Daily Bread, 556 Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch’s War on Journalism, 556 P Paddington rail crash, 288, 289, 293 Pagels, E., 127 Page One: Inside the New York Times, 387 Paine, Chris, 562 Painter- Morland, M., 159 Pakistan, 485, 487, 554 Paratours, 82 Paris, G.A., 85 Parker, A., 85 Parliamentary Select Committee on Transport, 72 Parmalat, 81–2, 261, 262 Parsons, T., 44 participative competence, 447–8 particularisation, 193, 213–15, 221 patent rights, in South Africa, 56–7 paternalism, 126 Pava, M.L., 109 paying, for staff’s professional training, 62–3 PBTs see permanent biological toxins (PBTs) PCA see Police Complaints Authority (PCA) Peale, N., 187 Pepsi, 361 Percent Club, 52 Pereira, J., 175 Perelman, Ashley, 93 permanent biological toxins (PBTs), 386 personal autonomy, 242–4, 248 personal competence, 178–9 personal gain, 178–9, 201 personal relationships, 200 personal values, 149–91 see also values defined, 151 perspectives on business ethics and values, 3–40 business and organisational ethics, 20–31 business cases, 11–18 delphi exercise, 39 descriptive approaches, 36 economic sphere, boundaries of, 34–6 integrity, 37–28 jurisdiction, boundaries of, 31–3 normative approaches, 36 overview, reflective and reflexive approach, 36 stakeholder theory, 18–20 stories and, 4–11 websites, 40 Peston, Robert, 544, 547 Peters, T.J., 158 Petrick, J.A., 138 Petronas, 476 Petty, Bruce, 553 Peugeot, 362 Pfizer, 56–7 pharmaceutical industry, 56–7, 347–8 Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, 56 phenomenology, 403 Phenomenology of Spirit, 440 Philadelphia, 556 philanthropy, 51 Philip Morris, 281 Philippines, 433, 488, 490 Philips, Frederick, 418 Philips Electronics, 418 philosophy, biography and, 26 phone hacking story, 7–10 PIDA see Public Interest Disclosure Act (PIDA) Pierrepoint, 556–7 Pigou, Arthur C., 393 Pinto model, 96 Piper-Alpha disaster, 230, 287 PJ Smoothies, 361 Plá, Rodrigo, 561 Plant, R., 34 Plato, 33, 132, 280 Plender, J., 77 pluralist theory, of firm, 22–4, 28–30 P&O Corporation, 288 podcasts, 33 Point Carbon, 395 Pojman, L.P., 337 Police Complaints Authority (PCA), 69 Polish, Michael, 556 political donations, 339 political infrastructures, business ethics and, 510 political lobbying, 339–40 The Political Parties and Elections Act 2009 (PPEA), 339 political tensions and MNEs, 471–5 exploitation of weak institutions, 464–70, 478 oppressive regimes, 475–7 Politics and Markets, 338 Pollard, Michael, 231 Pollitt, M., 53 Polly Peck, 261, 268 Ponzi scheme, 83 population growth, sustainability and, 379–81 Porter, M., 342 Portman Group, 533 The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, 214 Portugal, 381, 527, 528 positive organisational ethics, 263–5 Post, J., 142 post-conventional stages, 219–20 postmodernism, 159–60, 161 postmodern view of values, 158–60, 162, 165 Poujade, Pierre, 66 Poujadism, 66 Poulsen, Frank Piasecki, 386, 550 poverty, sustainability and, 379–81 power distance, 421 Power & Terror: Noam Chomsky in Our Times, 557 pragmatic discourse, 141 pragmatic view of values, 160–5 pragmatism, 141, 200 precautionary principle, 116 pre-conventional stages, 218 Prescott, John, President Sukarno, 469 Index 623 Preston, L.E., 17, 20, 348, 354 Preuss, L., 140 prevarication, 293 Price, Sarah, 561 price earnings ratio (P/E ratio), 14, 15 PricewaterCoopers, 83 prima facie obligations, 112 The Prince, 217, 426 principled judgment, 517–20 principles, 103, 104 prioritise, 143 priority setting, Monksbane and feverfew exercise, 174–9 Prisoners’ dilemma, 61–2 procedural justice, 140 procrastination, 293 Procter & Gamble, 140 Proctor, E.K., 320 prodigality, 134 product life-span, 384 professional training, paying for staff, 62–3 profligacy, 134 Project Merlin, 64 property rights, 294 intellectual, 155 whistleblowing evidence, 236 propinquity, 124 Protagoras, 139 ‘protected disclosure,’ 250 psychological factors and choice of stance, 216–17 psychopaths, corporate, 263–5 Public Administration Select Committee, 340 Public Concern at Work, 235, 241, 256 public debate, business ethics and, 510 Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (PIDA), 59, 228, 230, 234, 235, 237, 238, 249, 250–3, 254, 506 Pubwatches, 538 purity, 124 purusha–prakriti pairing, 425 Pusey, M., 139, 157 Q QALYs, 123, 125, 175 Q-Res, 278 quality-seeking ethos, 323 Queen’s Speech, 286 Quinn, J.F., 138 624 Index R race discrimination, 68–70 Race Relations Act, 68, 366 Railtrack, 70–2, 289 Raju, Ramalinga, 82–3 Rand, Ayn, 25–6, 129, 130, 131, 177, 216 Raphael, D.D., 49 rationality, 157 bounded, 167, 169 rational self-interest, 26 Ravelstone, 83–5 Rawls, John, 108, 113–16 Reagan, Ronald, 341 realpolitik, 471 reason, objective, 26 recency heuristic, 166, 168–9 reciprocity, 60–6 recognition heuristic, 169 recycling and waste, 385–7 Redesigning the Future, 349 Redfern Report, 87 redundancies downsizing questionnaire, 208–15 ethical neutrality, 196 utilitarian calculation, 121–6 Reebok, 470 re-educative process, 141 Rees-Mogg, W., 85 reflective and reflexive approach, 36 Reforming the Law on Involuntary Manslaughter, 290, 291 Register of Lobbying Activity, 340 regulated ethos, 323 regulatory systems, strengthing business ethics and, 509 Rehbein, K., 279 Reichel, A., 50 Reitman, Jasson, 558, 561 relative values, 420–4 relativism, 128, 200 Reliance Industries (RIL), 318 Removal Unit (RMU), 394 reputation management, 43 reserve replacement ratio (RRR), 75 resource allocation Monksbane and feverfew exercise, 174–9 value heuristics of, 175–9 Rest, J.R., 203 retrospective sense-making, 154 return on capital employed (ROCE), 14, 15 ‘revolving door,’ 340 Reynolds, 346 Rhenish, 21 rhetoric, 139 riba, 437, 438 Rice, Chris, 189–90 rice orientation test (ROT), 189–90 Rice, Condoleeza, Rich, Marc, 540 Richler, Mordecai, 558 Rietaku Centre for Economic Research, 278 Rigby, E., 64 Right, Andrew, 295 Rights of the Child, 58 Ripley, William Z., 262 risk management, 43 R.J Reynolds, 281–2 RMU see Removal Unit (RMU) Roark, Howard, 25 Robertson, C., 245 Robertson, D., 540, 542, 543 Robin, Marie-Monique, 561 Robinson, Matthew, 560 Robson, A., 17 Roddick, Anita, 5, 459–60 Roger and Me, 557 Rokeach, M., 151–2, 154, 171 Rolls Royce, 240, 468 romances, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8–9 Rorty, Richard, 141–2, 160, 220 Rosenthal, S.B., 327 Ross, W.D., 112 Rossi, Andrew, 387 Rothschild, Nat, 543, 544 Rotter, J.B., 217 Rousseau, J.-J., 280 Roussel-Uclaf, 109 Rowley, T., 279 Rowntree, Joseph, Royal Bank of Scotland, 54, 261, 279 Royal Dutch/Shell company, 75–7 Royal Navy, 540 Royal Society for Disability and Rehabilitation, 71 Royal Sun Alliance, 316 Rubin, Henry A, 556 Rubin, S., 85 Rufford, N., 89 Rule of Law, 105 Rusbridger, Alan, Russell, J.B., 178 Russia, 25, 50, 51, 69, 107, 154, 368, 381, 390, 395, 398, 419, 420, 466, 473, 474, 475 S Saab, 362 SAI see Social Accountability International (SAI) Said, Edward, 481 Sainath P., 286 Sainsbury’s, 17 Sakiz, Edouard, 109 salaries/bonuses, executive Greenbury Committee, 268–9 Samad, F.A., 267 Sandstrom J., 315 Sant, Gus Van, 555 Sapienza, H J., 348 Sapir, Esteban, 558 Sarason, S.B., 249 Sarbanes–Oxley Act, 76, 267–8, 271 Saro-Wiwa, Ken, 472 satires, 4, 6, 7, 10 satisficing, 167 satya, 427 Satyagraha, 49 Satyam Computer Services, 82–3 Saudi Arabia, 79, 469 Sauper, Hubert, 551 scapegoats, 184 SCCI see Sialkot Chamber of Commerce (SCCI) Schein, E., 186, 324 Schering, 67 Schneider, 389 Schreier, M., 140 Scotland, 293, 536 Scruton, R., 97 SD see sustainable development (SD) Sealink corporation, 288 second line treatments, 57 secret services, 59–60 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in America, 75–6 securities markets, 263, 271 Seedhouse, D., 37 Index 625 self-control, 132 selflessness, 73 semiotic square, 44–5 Sen, A., 120 Senge, P.M., 127 sense-making, 450 action and social context, 450 cues, 450 identity formation, 450 plausibility, 450 process, 154–5 SERM Rating Agency, 13 The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, 127 Sex Discrimination Act, 68, 366 sexual harassment, 94–5 Shan, Y.G., 266 Shapiro, Dana A, 556 shared value, 356 shareholder activism, 279–82 shareholder versus stakeholder, 355–7 sharia, 437 Shastri, K., 266 Shaw, W.H., 108, 114–15 Shayler, David, 59–60 Sheen, B., 289, 293 Shell, 48, 75–7, 279, 364, 388, 472, 505 Shepitko, Larissa, 562 Shergold, Adrian, 556–7 Shestov, Leon, 26 Shevardnadze, Edward, 474 Shrader, C., 271 Shrimsley, R., 68 Sialkot Chamber of Commerce (SCCI), 487 Sibun, J., 542 Sicko, 557 Siegel, D., 351 Sierra Leone, 550 Silent Spring, 378 Silva, Sebastian, 560 Simon, Herbert, 30–1, 167 Simpson, D., 11 sincerity, 140 Sinclair, A., 323 Singapore, 419, 421, 422, 542 Singer, P., 32 Sissako, Abderrahmane, 549–50 situational factors and choice of stance, 215–16 Skapinker, M., 63, 89 626 Index Slapper, G., 231 slavery, 129 Slavery: A Global Investigation, 557 Sloan, K., 156 Slovenia, 270 Slovic, P., 120–1 slow consumption, 384 Smart, 362 Smircich, L., 158, 324 Smith, Adam, 25, 115 Smith, Chris, 561 Smith, J.E., 106, 107 Smith, M., 157 Smith, N.C., 364 Smith, Richard, 78 Smith, Roger, 557 Smith Committee Report, 271–2 Smithers, R., 535 Snell, R.S., 29, 30, 180–1, 202, 204, 219, 220–1, 322, 323 Snow, C.P., 180 SOCAR, 473 Social Accountability International (SAI), 277, 298 Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000), 277 social capture, 33 social contract and business, 280 social development, 51–5 The Social Network, 560 social norms, 171, 218 social position, view of, 352 Social Responsibility of the Businessman, 335 social responsibility (SR), 55–60 calls for, 334 corporate (see corporate social responsibility (CSR)) social values, 152, 153 Socrates, 33, 139 Soderbergh, Steven, 552, 560 Soeken, D., 228, 229 Soeken, K., 228, 229 Solomon, R.C., 47–8, 137 Somalia, 419 soul-searching ethos, 323 A Sound of Thunder, 379 South Africa, 46, 56–7, 73, 135, 136, 265, 273, 274, 275, 288, 345, 348, 365, 368, 381, 419, 458, 476–7, 552, 554 apartheid era, 476–7 patent rights in, 56–7 Southall rail crash, 230, 289, 293 South America, 82, 344, 357 South Asia, 11, 462, 464 South-east Asia, 433, 434, 435, 436 Southern Water, 74 South Korea, 397, 419 South Ossetians, 473, 474, 475 Spaemann, R., 37 Spain, 381, 383, 419, 440, 527, 528, 555 SpeakersUK, 80 spheres of justice, 31–3 spiritual collectiveness, 274 sports utility vehicle (SUV), 95 Spurlock, Morgan, 6, 93–4, 557, 560 SR see social responsibility (SR) SRI see Sustainability Research Institute (SRI) Srivastva, S., 37 staff professional training, paying for, 62–3 stakeholder, 138 intrinsic value, 354 versus shareholder, 355–7 typology, 350–1 stakeholder theory, 18–20, 202 Hampel Committee, 269–70 King Report, 272–5 normative justification of, 353–4 use of, 351–3 stalhartesGehäuse, 482 Starkey, K., 31 Starsuckers, 557 state owned enterprises (SOE), 261 Stephenson, Sir Paul, sterilisation programme (1970), 379 Sternberg, Elaine, 138, 238, 356 Stevens, B., 305, 306 Stewart, D.W., 216 Stokes, E., 126 stories, and business ethics, 4–11 Storvik, A., 270 ‘strains of commitment,’ 115 Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, 349 ‘strategic philanthropy,’ 342 Straw, Jack, 97 Strothotte, Willy, 540 structure/agency debate, 499 Stylianou, A.C., 155, 318 subjective expected utility, 166 Sudan, 476 Sullivan, Leon, 477 Summit on the Millennium Development Goals, 400 The Sun, 10 Sunday trucking, British Sugar and, 53 supermarkets, 91–2 Super-Size Me, 6, 93–4, 557 supply chains, 91–2 supply-side approach, 284–5 Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2011, 368 sustainability, 43, 298, 375–406, 503–5 blackmail, 405 business, 505–6 carbon market mechanisms, 393–9 climate change, 388–93 consumerism, 381–5 danger, perception of, 377–8 discourses and drivers, 377–93 future of, 405–6 instrumental use of nature, 402–5 overview, 375–7 population growth and poverty, 379–81 recycling and waste, 385–7, 503–5 report, 385 role of media, 387–8 sustainable development (SD), 399–402 systems thinking, 378–9 SustainAbility, 335, 387 Sustainability Research Institute (SRI), 368 Sustainable Development Innovation Briefs (2007), 335 sustainable development (SD), 399–402 defined, 400 Suzuki, 362 Sweatshop Code, 488 Sweden, 22, 28, 420, 421 Switzerland, 270, 368, 419, 540, 549 Sykes, A.O., 293 synecdoche, Syriana, 557 The Systems Approach, 349 systems thinking, 378–9 Systems Thinking, Systems Practice, 349 T Tait, N., 69 Taiwan, 288, 419 The Take, 560 Index Taking Down Fences, Global Economics, & Responding to Crises, 557–8 Talisman, 476 Tanzi, Calisto, 81–2 Taverns, Punch, 529, 536 tax disclosure of information, 80 evasion, 154 libertarian perspective, 129 Taylor, A., 63 Taylor, C., 45 Taylor, D., 317 Taylor, Michael, 559 TBL see ‘Triple Bottom Line’ (TBL) concept technology mentality, 405 Teigen, M., 270 The Telegraph, 11, 295 teleology, 104 Ten Commandments, 45 Terjesen, S., 270, 271 terminal values, 152–3 terminological inexactitude, 73 TerraChoice International, 362 Tesco, 17, 64, 279 Tester, K., 97 Texas Instruments, 213 Ethics Quick Test, 144 Thailand, 56, 433, 478, 561 Thames Train, 289 Thank You for Smoking, 558 Thatcher, Margaret, 132, 339, 341 Thatcherism, 34 ‘The Butterfly Effect,’ 379 ‘The City,’ 263 The Theory of the Leisure Class, 382 There Will Be Blood, 561 Thomism, 105 Thompson, A., 536 Thompson, S., 546 Thomson, Judith Jarvis, 106 Thorpe, V., 10 Three Mile Island nuclear disaster, 378 three-test model, 142 Tilney, L.H., 89 Times Online, 82 tips, 283 Titmuss, R.M., 34–5 tobacco industry cancer and, 346–7 627 628 Index tobacco industry (Continued) charter revocation laws and, 281–2 smuggling, 85–6 Tobias, Randall, 348 Tombs, S., 231 Torchia, M., 270 Total Denial, 561 Toulmin, S., 515 Toyota, 362 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 401 Trades Union Council (TUC), 63 traditional view of values, 156, 162, 164 tragedies, 4, 5, 6–7, training, professional paying for staff, 62–3 transnational companies, 459 see also multinational enterprises (MNEs) Transparency International, 272, 298 Treaty of Rome, 89 tretya, 427 Trevino, L.K., 215, 216 Trier, Lars Von, 554 triple bottom-line accounting, 48 ‘Triple Bottom Line’ (TBL) concept, 335 triple-font theory, 105 TRIPS see Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) trolleyology, 106–7 Trueblood, A.S., 406 trust, 205, 263 truth, 139, 140, 199 Turkey, 267, 474, 475, 554 Turnbull Report, 271 Turner, C.T., 96 The Turning Point, 379 Tutu, Archbishop Desmond, 135 type A pluralism, 28–9 type B pluralism, 29 UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), 490 Union Carbide Corporation, 465 Union of Indigenous Communities of the Isthmus Region (UICIR), 359 Union Oil Company of California (Unocal), 281 United Kingdom (UK), 123, 177, 197, 226, 228, 229, 231, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 246, 249, 250–3, 254, 261–2, 263, 267–8, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 279–80, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 292, 293, 320, 419, 420 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 387, 490 United Nations (UN), 58, 276, 298 Global Compact, 490–2, 505 United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 93 United States (USA), 4, 7, 21, 51, 52, 56–7, 71, 76, 79, 83, 86, 88, 89, 130, 153, 156, 216, 229, 235, 251, 261, 267–8, 269, 271, 273, 276, 279, 280–2, 281, 284, 286–7, 289, 290, 292, 469, 474, 501, 508 universalisability, business values, 417–20 universal values, 417–20 Upanishads, 425 Up in the Air, 561 Up the Yangtze, 562 utilitarianism, 117–26, 172, 455 act, 121 form of, 121 rule, 125, 219 utility, 123 value heuristics for resource allocation, 175 U’wa as host community, 357 oil exploration and, 357 Uzbekistan, 444 U V Uganda, 433 UICIR see Union of Indigenous Communities of the Isthmus Region (UICIR) uncertainty avoidance, 421 UNEP see United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) UNIDO see UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) value added tax (VAT), 243, 244, 245 values see also ethical standards and values business and managerial (see business and managerial values) defined, 151 differences in, 422 emotions and, 171 essentialism, 415–16 ethical thinking and, 165 ethics and, 150–1 fable, 162–4 heuristics and, 171–9 (see also heuristics) Hofstede and, 418, 420–3 modernist view of, 157, 162, 164–5 moveable, 424–8 neo-traditional view of, 157–8, 162, 165 perceptions of, 153–5 personal (see personal values) postmodern view of, 158–60, 162, 165 pragmatic view of, 160–5 relative, 420–4 social norms and, 171 traditional view of, 156, 162, 164 types of, 151–2 universal, 417–20 The Values Institute, 146 Vardy, P., 45 Varela, F., 378 varna, 438 Vass, P., 71 Vedantic principles, organisational change and, 425–6 Veer, Jeroen van der, 75 veil of ignorance, 113, 114 Vendor Conduct, code of, 58 Venezuelan, 357, 381 Verbeke, W., 216 victimisation, 235, 253 Vietnam War, 378 Vijver, Walter van de, 75 Villeneuve, Denis, 554 Vindication of the Rights of Women, 156 Virgin Atlantic, 88–9 Virgin Trains, 74 virtue ethics, 104, 131–7, 233 virtuousness, 263 Vision 2020, 347 Vivekenanda, 416 Volkswagen, 368 voluntary codes, 484–6 voting habits, 338 Vroom, V.H., 31 W Wade, Rebekah, Wakefield, J., 316 Wales, 293 Index 629 Walker, Lucy, 551 Wallace, Mike, 67 Waller, M., 546 Wallis, Neil, Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price, 562 Walsh, J.P., 351 Walzer, M., 26, 31–3 Warren, R.C., 251, 300, 305, 314 Warwick-Ching, L., 54 The Washington Post, 339 waste disposal, 385–7, 503–5 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, 386 Watchman, R., 77 Waterman, R., 158 Watkins, Sherron, 229 Watson, T.J., 31, 182 Watts, Phillip, 75–6 WCSDG see World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization (WCSDG) Weaver, M., 65 Webb, T., 546 weberian, 482 Webley, S., 13–14 The Web of Life, 379 WEEE see Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive Weick, K.E., 154 Weitzman, H., 360 Welles, Orson, 551 Wells, John, 558 Werhane, P.H., 514–15, 516 Westerveld, Jay, 361 Wetherspoon, J.D., 532, 533, 535, 538 WFTO see World Fair Trade Organisation (WFTO) WHA see World Health Assembly (WHA) whistleblowing, 225–53, 254 costs of, 246 intended and unintended, 228 justifiable, 233–7 loyalties, conflict of, 182, 185 on MI5, 59–60 overview, 226–8 PIDA 1998, 228, 230, 234, 235, 237, 238, 249, 250–3, 254 positive/negative force in society, 238–41 rail companies, 288–9 reasons for, 228–33 630 Index whistleblowing (Continued) stories, suppressed, 242–9 time for, 228 White, G., 541, 542 White Material, 562 WHO see World Health Organization (WHO) Who Killed the Electric Car?, 562 Whysall, P., 19, 20 Wilde, Oscar, 514 Willmott, H., 31, 200, 323 Wilson, B., 94 Windsor, D., 295, 335, 342 Winfield, M., 226, 227, 228 Wink, P., 211, 213 Winstanley, D., 179 Winter, R., 213 Winterbottom, Michael, 554 wisdom, 132 Wise, Audrey, 86 Wollstonecraft, Mary, 156 women, 135, 211, 213 on boards of directors, 270–1 informal economy, 463 moral development, 219 Wood, D J., 336 Wood, Z., 270 Woodall, J., 179 Woodcock, M., 171 Woods, Brian, 557 Woodward, Michael, 262 Work Hard, Play Hard, 562 The World According to Monsanto, 561 World Bank, 273, 507, 510 WorldCom, 76, 234, 236, 261, 262–3, 271, 522 World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology, 116 World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization (WCSDG), 456, 463, 477 World Economic Forum, 40 World Fair Trade Organisation (WFTO), 359 World Health Assembly (WHA), 484 World Health Organization (WHO), 484 World Trade Organization (WTO), 57, 418, 507 World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 389 WTO see World Trade Organization (WTO) WWF see World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Wynn, William, 281–2 Wyschogrod, E., 161 X Xstrata, 541, 544 Y The Yes Men, 561 The Yes Men Fix the World, 561 ‘Yes Men Group,’ 466 You & Me, 562 Young, K., 186 Youngblood, S.A., 215 Youngstown State University, 40 yuga, 427 Yuganskneftegaz, 466 Yukos, 51, 466 Yung Chang, 562 Z Zambia, 458, 508, 543 The Zone, 561 Zwick, Edward, 550 Zyklon B, 109 ... at work and a modest proposal for affecting ethics in business iii Business Ethics and Values Individual, Corporate and ­International Perspectives Fourth edition Colin Fisher Nottingham Business. .. PART A Business ethics matters: what is it and why does it matter? Chapter Perspectives on business ethics and values Learning outcomes Introduction Stories and business ethics Case... study 1.2 Biography and philosophy Stories and business ethics The business case for business ethics Stakeholder theory Business and organisational ethics Boundaries of jurisdiction or spheres