MACIEJ KRANZ BUILDING T HE INTERNE T OF THINGS IMPLEMENT NEW BUSINESS MODELS, DISRUPT COMPETITORS, AND TR ANSFORM YOUR INDUSTRY Cover design: Paul McCarthy This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright © 2017 by Maciej Kranz All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation You should consult with a professional where appro­ priate Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom For general information about our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002 Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand Some mate­ rial included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print­ on-demand If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com For more in­ formation about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for and is on fi le with the Library of Congress 978-1-119-28566-3 (hardback) 978-1-119-28567-0 (ePDF) 978-1-119-28568-7 (ePUB) Printed in the United States of America 10 To my wife Kasia Contents Foreword PART ix A Secure and Transformative IoT Now Chapter Beyond the Hype—All You Actually Need to Know About IoT for Business Generation IoT Drives Business Survival in the 21st Century A Revolutionary Economic Opportunity 12 IoT Background—A Brief History 14 IoT Today—Digitally Transforming the World 18 Why Now: Three Driving Trends 19 A “Perfect Storm” of Technology, the Economy, and Culture 23 Key Obstacles 25 Scope of the Book 26 How to Read This Book 28 Chapter IoT Is About Change and Transformation 31 Change as the New Status Quo 32 People, Process, Data, Things 36 New Conceptual Paradigm 38 v vi Contents Operational Elements of IoT Success 39 Why Digital Adoption/Transformation? 43 Chapter The Promise of IoT Is Real IoT Creates Opportunities 51 The Growth of IoT 58 IoT Is Just the Beginning 61 Emerging IoT Ecosystem 64 Startups Join IoT Ranks 67 Collaborate at the Next Level 72 Chapter Understanding the IoT Business Value Proposition 75 Delivering Payback and Business Value 78 Building an IoT Cost Justification 82 Components of IoT Payback 85 Helpful Hints 87 Data Data Everywhere 90 Chapter Four Fast Paths to an Assured IoT Payback Steps in Starting an IoT Project PART 47 95 99 Aspirational Payback 116 Making IoT Work for Your Organization 121 Chapter Generation IoT Goes to Work 123 More and Different Workers 125 Finding Workers 128 New Positions and Old Positions with a New Twist 132 Interesting IoT Careers 137 IoT Visionaries—Yes, This Will Be a Career, Starting Now 142 Contents Chapter Bringing IoT Into Your Organization—Change Management 147 IoT Solutions 149 Change Management Required 152 Change as the New Status Quo 153 IT/OT Convergence and Other Workforce Issues 155 Changing Roles and Golden Opportunities 158 Learn and Share 159 The Co-Economy 161 Obstacles to Change 163 Exciting IoT Exercise 165 Get in Front of the Coming Change 166 Chapter Mistakes and How to Avoid Them PART vii Glimpse Under the Hood of IoT Today and Tomorrow Chapter IoT Security Essentials 169 179 181 Physical Separation Provides No Defense 182 Security as One More Risk Management Challenge 184 Radical New Security Approach 187 Some Additional Considerations 191 Perspective from the Experts 193 Challenges of IoT Security 197 Privacy 198 Security as Your IoT Foundation 200 Chapter 10 Standards and Technology 203 The Case for Standards 204 Overabundance of Access Technologies 207 viii Contents Common IoT Framework 207 Business-Relevant Standards Activities 210 New Technology Arrivals 213 Chapter 11 IoT State of the Union 221 New Economy 223 Winners and Losers 224 State of the IoT Union Today 227 Era of Innovation and Disruption 229 IoT and the Co-Economy 234 Unavoidable Fact of Life 237 Notes 40 Glossary 245 Acknowledgments 251 About the Author 253 Index 254 Glossary 247 connecting multiple sensors and edge-devices to the network where consistent IP services can be implemented Greenfield: a project that lacks constraints imposed by prior work Con­ trast with brownfield Identity: set of attributes related to a person, device, or the combination of both used to recognize them by computer systems Industrial Automation: use of technologies in industrial processes to make them more efficient and safer Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC): open membership con­ sortium that sets the architectural framework and direction for the Industrial Internet The consortium’s mission is to coordinate vast ecosystem initiatives to connect and integrate objects with people, processes, and data using common architectures, interoperability, and open standards Industry 4.0: A German industry and government initiative driving the definition and adoption of smart factory or factory of the future, cen­ tered around interoperability, information transparency, technical as­ sistance, and decentralized decisions Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): a global technical professional organization that, among others, drove key con­ nectivity standards International Organization for Standardization (ISO): an interna­ tional standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations International Telecommunication Union (ITU): a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): an open standards organi­ zation that develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards, in par­ ticular the standards that comprise the TCP/IP Internet of Everything (IoE): brings together people, processes, data, and things to make networked connections more relevant and valuable than ever before (In this book I used IoE as a synonym of IoT.) Internet Protocol (IP): one of the foundational protocols of Inter­ net, the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet 248 Glossary Internet of Things (IoT): the next wave of Internet where every device is connected to other devices and the cloud; the new value is being delivered by solutions that analyze the data generated by these devices and applications optimizing business processes IPv6: A key IoT enabler, Internet Protocol Version is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol that substantially increased the number of available IP addresses, allowing every device to be connected ISA100: a wireless networking technology standard developed by the In­ ternational Society of Automation (ISA) to provide connectivity to wire­ less sensors and other end-devices The official description is “Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation: Process Control and Related Appli­ cations.” One of the standards based on IEEE 802.15.4 radio technology Line of Business (LOB): a function responsible for operation or “run­ ning” the core business within an organization Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a standard for high-speed wireless com­ munication for mobile phones and data terminals In this book, LTE and 4G cellular networks are used interchangeably LoRa: a low power wide area network (LPWAN) standard intended to connect wireless battery-operated IoT devices Machine Learning: a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides computers with the ability to learn without being explicitly pro­ grammed A key set of technologies to provide advanced predictive analytics and maintenance capabilities Machine to Machine (M2M): In the world of service providers, the communication systems that connect devices to devices other than cell phones Mobile Network Operator: (also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier) provides wireless voice and data communication services to customers and owns or controls all the elements necessary to sell and deliver such services Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO): (also known as a mo­ bile other licensed operator [MOLO]) a wireless communications ser­ vices provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure over which it provides services to its customers National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): a meas­ urement standards laboratory, and a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce Glossary 249 ODVA: A pioneer of open systems in industrial automation, a stand­ ards development and trade organizations aimed at the advancement and promotion of open, interoperable information and communication technologies for industrial automation Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF): a foundation that is creating a specification and sponsoring an open-source project to enable billions of connected devices to communicate with one another regardless of manufacturer, operating system, chipset, or physical transport OpenFog Consortium (OFC): a consortium focused on driving in­ dustry and academic leadership in fog computing architecture, testbed development, and a variety of interoperability and composability deliv­ erables that seamlessly leverage cloud and edge architectures to enable end-to-end IoT scenarios Operational Technology (OT): organizations and technologies oper­ ating production processes and industrial control systems Power-Line Communication (PLC): a communication protocol that uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and alternating current (AC) electric power transmission or electric power distribution Predictive Maintenance: techniques designed to determine the condi­ tion of in-service equipment to anticipate when maintenance should be performed Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): a digital computer used to automate industrial processes such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fi xtures Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): the use of radio waves to read and capture information stored on a tag attached to an object Real Time (Analytics, Processing): capability whereby inputs are processed or analyzed without delay Remote Asset Management: a set of tools that enable engineers to control, monitor, troubleshoot, and correct the operation of physical assets remotely Self-Learning Network: a solution that combines analytics and ma­ chine learning to enable a network to become intelligent, adaptive, proactive, and predictive Service Provider: a company that provides its subscribers access to the Internet 250 Glossary Shadow IT: a term used to describe information-technology systems and solutions built and used inside organizations without explicit approval by the information technology (IT) function Smart City: a city wherein an investment in technology infrastructure and solutions fuel sustainable economic development and increased quality of life Sensor: an object whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment, and then provide a corresponding output Uptime: the time during which a machine or a set of machines is in operation Virtual Private Network (VPN): a capability to connect to a compa­ ny’s private network using public Internet and perform the tasks as if the computer were directly attached to the enterprise network Wearable: clothing or accessories that incorporate computer and ad­ vanced electronic technologies and are typically connected to the network Wi-Fi: a wireless networking technology that enables devices to connect to local area networks WirelessHART: a wireless networking technology based on the High­ way Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol (HART) and the IEEE 802.15.4 communication protocols used to connect wireless sensors and other end-devices ZigBee: an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios Acknowledgments This book could not have happened without the guidance, advice, expertise, and support of so many members of the IoT community I am sincerely grateful to them for encouraging me to put this guide together and for sharing their experiences, examples, and best practices In particular I would like to thank the following people for their contribution to the content of this book: Helder Antunes, Steve Banks, João Barros, Douglas Bellin, Ravi Belani, Martha Bennett, John Berra, Kevin Bloch, Flavio Bonomi, James Buczkowski, Lionel Chocron, Sujeet Chand, Paul Didier, Barry Einsig, Wim Elfrink, Rick Esker, Dave Evans, Bruce Frederick, Biren Gandhi, Paul Glynn, Asit Goel, Cheri Goodman, Alex Goryachev, Jos Gouw, David Gutshall, Kathy Haley, Steve Hilton, Richard House, Florence Hudson, Ram Jagadeesan, Tim Jennings, John Kern, Serhii Konovalov, Georg Kopetz, Sanjaya Krishna, Chris Lewis, Oleg Logvinov, Leah McLean, Jorge Magalhaes, James Manyika, Brian McGlynn, Chris Melching, Max Mirgoli, Rama Naageswaran, Chet Namboodri, John Nesi, Keith Nosbusch, Larry O’Connell, Fazil Osman, Aleksander Poniewierski, Balaji Prabhakar, Whitney Rockley, Hilton Romanski, Bola Rotibi, Mark Schulz, Thorsten Schaefer, Tony Shakib, Pavan Singh, Siva Sivakumar, Carly Snyder, Steve Steinhilber, Gary Stuebing, Dima Tokar, Bettina Tratz-Ryan, Vernon Turner, JP Vasseur, C Prasanna Venkatesan, Paul Verkuyl, Nicola Villa, Padmasree Warrior, Mark Watson, Alex West, Chris White, Zia Yusuf, Arkady Zaslavsky, and Tao Zhang Special thanks to Alan Radding for content assistance and Alice Shimmin for proofreading and copyediting Thank you Jo Anne Alvarado 251 252 Acknowledgments Dominguez for working tirelessly to schedule all the calls Lindy Bartell and an amazing team from Duarte: Amanda Holt, Nate Hernandez, Ed Jones, Jessica Savage, and Meredith Suarez—a big thank you for your help with graphics Malee Dharmasena, I really appreciate your help con­ necting me with the industry thought leaders And last but not least, I am grateful for the guidance and advice from Richard Narramore and Tiffany Colon from Wiley About the Author Maciej Kranz, vice president, Strategic Innovations Group, at Cisco brings 30 years of networking industry experience to his position He leads the group focused on incubating new businesses, accelerating inter­ nal innovation, and driving co-innovation with customers and startups through a global network of Cisco Innovation Centers Prior to this role, Kranz was general manager of the Connected Industries Group at Cisco, a business unit focused on the Internet of Things He built a $250M business from the ground up in 18 months and relentlessly evangelized the IoT opportunity across Cisco and the market, making IoT one of Cisco’s major priorities Previously, Kranz led efforts across Cisco to define, prioritize, and deliver Borderless Network Architecture and roadmaps He also drove business and product strategy for the wireless and mobility business and led product management for the stackable Ethernet switching business unit through its expansion from $400M to $6B in revenues Before coming to Cisco, Kranz held various management positions at 3Com Corporation, where he drove a $1B Ethernet network inter­ face cards (NICs) product line He began his professional career at IBM Corporation 253 Index Page references followed by fi g indicate an illustrated figure; followed by t indicate a table A Access technologies: common LOB questions about, 207; continual emergence of, 213; proliferation of the “last mile” or, 206; standards to manage the overabundance of, 207 See also Communication; Technology Addressable parts, 145 African bank’s ATM problem, 148–149 Age of Connected Things, 38 Agricultural payback scenarios, 110 Airline industry: IoT payback scenarios in the, 112–113; IoT waking up innovation in the, 230, 231fi g Alchemist Accelerator, 154 Alcoa, 130 Amazon, 138 Anglo American Platinum Ltd (South Africa), 62fi g, 63 Antunes, Helder, 188, 217 APIs, 132, 133, 208 Apprenticeship USA program, 130 ARPU (average revenue per user or unit): IoT partnership between SP and enterprises for high, 71; mobile businesses build on the high, 70 Articial Intelligence (AI), 144–145 Aspirational paybacks: consider­ ations for other and, 116–123; steps to consider for IoT, 117 ATMs (automated teller machines): as early form of IoT, 14; IoT payback in financial services in­ cluding, 226–227; IoT solution to African bank’s theft problem, 148–149 “Attaining IoT Value: How to Move from Connecting Things to Capturing Insights” study (2014) [Cisco], 22 Augmented reality (AR), 144 Auto industry: a car as a smart- phone on wheels, 15–17fi g ; how IoT is waking up innovation in the, 230, 231fi g ; IoT model for the, 34, 35fi g ; IoT transforma­ tion of the, 15–16; the tradi­ tional MPG (miles–per–gallon) ratings used in, 16 Automation building payback scenarios, 112 Automation Perspectives (2015), 82 Autonomous vehicles, 145 AVnu Alliance, 212 B B2B (business–to–business) do­ main: current IoT as primarily in the, 226; focus of current IoT implementations in the, 4; how IoT can transform your, 151; illustration of the B2B2C and, 5fi g ; IoT as the new status quo in the, 154; key privacy consider­ ations security in the, 198–199; retail payback scenarios in, 111; startups joining the IoT ranks, 67, 69–70 B2B2C (business–to–business– consumer) domain: expected IoT breakthroughs in the, 4; expected IoT implementations to the, 226; how IoT can trans­ form your, 151–152; illustration of the B2B and, 5fi g ; privacy of data issue in, 198–199 B2C (business–to–consumer) domain, 226 Banks, Steve, 101 Barcelona (Spain): “Internet of Things World Forum” (2013) 254 held in, 32, 33fi g, 61; as leading example in IoT applications, 32, 43, 54–55 Barros, João, 59 BC Hydro (Canada), 62fi g, 63 Before/during/after IoT security approach, 189–190fi g Belani, Ravi, 154 Bennett, Martha, 218 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH (Germany), 62fi g, 64 Berra, John, 79, 87 BI (business intelligence) services, 72 Blockchain technology: de­ scription of, 199, 213–214; introduction to, 14, 90; long- term potential applications of, 217–221 Bluetooth LLE, 206 Boeing, 129 Bonomi, Flavio, 214–215 BPR, 151 Buczkowski, James, 17 Business Insider, 127 Business survival: the Harley- Davidson IoT case of, 6–7, 8fi g, 12, 18, 21, 32, 63, 76, 78, 87; how the Generation IoT drives 21st Century, 7, 9–10 Business value See Value proposition C C-suite: get in front of the coming IoT change by enlisting the, 171; IoT success through sponsorship of the, 39; talking to your CiSO about IoT security, 187, 201– 202; vendor IoT journey being sponsored by, 232–233 Chand, Sujeet, 66, 78, 106 Change: resistance to, 147; Six Sigma’s approach to, 150, 151; understanding IoT as both an Index agent and result of global, 147– 148 See also IoT transformation change Change management: importance of communication in successful, 153; required for successful IoT change, 152–153 See also Managers Chief information security officer (CiSO), 187, 201–202 Christiansen, Christian, 193 Chui, Michael, 19 Cisco: “Attaining IoT Value: How to Move from Connecting Things to Capturing Insights” study (2014) by, 22; Connected Industries Group adoption of IoT at, 9; country digitization initiatives signed by, 142; cus­ tomer IoT implementations recently documented by, 61–64; debate over what to call the IoT trend at, 70; “The Digital Manufacturer, Resolving the Service Dilemma” survey (2015) by, 79–80, 81fi g; how predictive analytics is used by, 106–108; “Internet of Things World Forum” (2013) hosted by, 32, 33fi g, 61; as investor in Ravi Belani’s Alchemist Accelerator’s IoT track, 154; IoE (Internet of Everything) coined by, 12, 15; IoT partnership between Rockwell Automation and, 9, 66; ROI worksheet data to predict IoT ROI, 90–95; working to­ ward open standards and open IoT model, 222 Cloud–oriented technology: fu­ ture of security services for, 195; IoT adoption of, 23; job posi­ tions in the, 132; matching your IoT needs to right, 172 Co-economy: IoT and the, 65, 234–237; nine rules for creating the IoT changed, 161–163 Coaching, 162fi g, 163 Collaborative partner IoT eco­ systems: categories of the emerging, 68fi g; Cisco and Rockwell Automation, 9, 66; the co–economy of, 234–237; description and emergence of, 64–67; examples of, 65–66; IaaS model partnership of PepsiCo and Rockwell automation, 76; IoT partnership between SP and enterprises, 71; IoT security in context of, 197–198; as IoT suc­ cess factor, 28fi g, 39fi g, 64–65; nine rules for creating, 161–163; required for IoT implementa­ tion, 43–44; taking it to the next level, 72–73 See also IoT ecosystems; IT/OT convergence Common Industrial Protocol (CIP), 140 Communication: IoT mistake of failure in, 173; as IoT success factor, 40; V2V (vehicle–to–ve­ hicle), 191, 199, 200–201, 218; as vital to successful change management, 153 See also Ac­ cess technologies Connected operations: description of, 98; as fast IoT payback path, 97fi g; Rockwell Automation example of, 98–99fi g; steps in starting an IoT project, 99–100 Consultants IoT journey, 233 Consumer Electronics Show (Las Vegas), Consumer freebie models, 229 Context–aware experiences, 145 Contu, Ruggero, 194, 195 Cool Hand Luke (film), 173 “Co–opetition” notion, 235 Cost justification case: building an IoT, 82fi g–85; business challenge of building the, 84–85; every IoT project needs estimated ROI and, 222–223; four basic categories of productive areas gains, 84; helpful hints on what to include in the, 87–89; iden­ tifying largest expense in IoT initiative, 88–89 See also IoT payback Cost justification hints:; include how organization save money when deploying IoT, 89; include the largest expense in setting up an IoT initiative, 88–89; include what IoT project provides fastest path to payback, 87; include which IoT process has the big­ gest payback, 88; include which vertical markets deliver the largest ROI, 87–88 Cost justification productive areas: application-specific issues, 84; consumer-related IoT activities, 84; information collection, 84; predictive analytics, 84 Cost reductions, IoT payback in, 96 Creative Intellect Consulting, 201 Customers: Cisco’s documentation of IoT implementations and, 61–64; co–economy participa­ tion by, 236; IoT journey by, 234; and partner relationship aspects of the IoT economy, 222 D Daihatsu Motor Company, 13 Data: encrypted, 191; how fog computing brings analytics and processing to, 211–212fi g; IoT transformation role of people, process, things, and, 36–38; key 255 areas of IoT payback, 86; predic­ tive analytics used for IoT cost justification case, 84, 88; privacy of employee, 198–199; ROI model worksheet, 92fi g; SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems, 41 Davra Networks, 72, 99, 102, 224, 228 DBA (database administrator), 132 Decision making, IoT payback in making faster, 96 Developers IoT journey, 233–234 DevOps: IT/OT collaboration as extension of approach used by, 24; “The real cost of downtime” published by, 105 Didier, Paul, 212 “The Digital Manufacturer, Re­ solving the Service Dilemma” survey (2015) [Cisco], 79–80, 81fi g Drug Quality and Security Act, 140 Dundee Precious Metals, 80, 82 E Early adopters of IoT, 141–142, 227, 238fi g Economy See IoT economy Education: as IoT success fac­ tor, 40; STEM, 130 See also Training Educational payback scenarios, 112 Éléonore gold mine (Canada), 49, 50fi g EMEIA (Ernst & Young Advi­ sory), 172 Emerson Process Management, 79 Employee data privacy, 198–199 Employees See Workers Encrypted data, 191 Energy Act, 140 Entertainment and sports payback scenarios, 112 Environmental IoT applications, 113–116 Ernst & Young Advisory EMEIA, 172 Est, Alex, 127 Ethernet switches, F FANUC ( Japan), 62fi g, 64, 66 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Staff Report on the Internet of Things, Privacy, and Security in the Connected World, 140–141 Fenn, Jackie, 20 Financial services ATMs (auto­ mated teller machines) 5G standard, 211 Fog computing: bring the cloud to the edge, 214fi g; description of, 14, 90, 213–214; the ultimate IoT enabler, 215fi g, 216–217; 256 understanding the applications of, 211–212 Fog for 5G and IoT, 188 Food Safety Modernization Act, 140 Ford Motor Company: IoT-led transformation of, 10, 32; James Buczkowski’s emergence as electronics thought leader at, 17 Forrester Research, 218 G Gartner, 19, 141, 194, 195 General Electric, 43 General Motors (GM), IoT appli­ cation by, 32 Generation IoT: description and how to recognize, 10, 31–32; diversity of the, 123, 125; driv­ ing business survival in the 21st century, 7, 9–10; internal and external career choices for the, 137–139; IoT visionaries among the, 137–138, 142–145; new and old job positions filled by the, 132–137; welcoming early IoT adopters to the, 141–142, 227, 238fi g; what type of business results attract the, See also IoT journey; Workers Germany’s Industry 4.0 initiative, 142 Glynn, Paul, 102, 224, 228 Goel, Asit, 16–17 Goldcorp (Canada): Éléonore gold mine challenges facing, 49, 50fi g; the payback of IoT to, 49, 51 Goodyear Tire and Rubber Com­ pany, 40 Government sector: Apprentice­ ship USA program of the, 130; IoT adopters from the, 141–142; IoT agenda setters, 140–141; as IoT obstacle, 26; IoT regulators, 139–140 Gray, John, 21, 157 Green, Chloe, 226 Greenough, John, 127 H Haley, Kathy, 41 Hannover Fair, 213 Harley-Davidson Motor Com­ pany: how IoT transformed, 6, 12, 18, 21, 32; illustration of the IoT case, 7, 8fi g; lowering the HPU (hours per unit) manufac­ turing costs, 76, 87; results of combined efforts of IT and OT and, 6, 21, 63; strategic business outcomes from the IoT-induced changes at, 7, 76, 78 Healthcare payback scenarios, 111, 226 Hilton, Steve, 70 Index HMI (human–machine interface), 72 “Hype Cycle for Emerging Tech­ nologies, 2014” report, 19 Hyperledger Project, 214 I IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) model, 76 IBM, 36 IDC: Fellow for The Internet of Things, 12; Security Products of, 193 IEEE Internet Initiative, 211 IEEE IoT Architectural Frame­ work, 208, 211, 212 IHS, 127 IIC (Industrial Internet Consor­ tium), 209, 212 IMEC, 210 Industrial and transportation industries: IoT payback in the, 226; Positive Train Control (U.S railways), 140 Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), 160 Industry 4.0 initiative (Germany), 142 Information Age, 38 Information Age magazine, 226 Innovation: how IoT is waking up industry, 230, 231fi g; IoT’s con­ tribution to the current renais­ sance of, 5, 230–234 Institute of Electrical and Elec­ tronics Engineers (IEEE), 199 International Society of Automa­ tion (ISA), 199, 202, 213 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Study Group 20, 211 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 199 “The Internet of Things and the New Industrial Revolution” (Morgan Stanley–Automation World Industrial Automation Survey), 169–170 “The Internet of Things Has Finally Arrived” study (MPI Group), 227 “Internet of Things World Fo­ rum” (2013) [Barcelona], 32, 33fi g, 61 “Internet of Things World Fo­ rum” (2015) [Dubai], 61, 222 Internet stages, 13 See also IoT (Internet of Things) IoE (Internet of Everything) [Cisco], 12, 15 IoT careers: interesting internal and external, 137fi g–139; IoT visionaries and new possible, 142–145; IoT visionary as a new, 137–138 IoT conferences: “Internet of Things World Forum” (2013) [Barcelona], 32, 33fi g, 61; “In­ ternet of Things World Forum” (2015) [Dubai], 61, 222; learn and share by attending, 160; McRock IIoT Symposium (Montreal, 2016), 224; “Surface World” conference (2015), 32 IoT economy: bringing together technology, culture, and IoT, 23–25; built from the right foundation, 224, 225fi g; co-economy of the, 65, 161– 163, 234–237; the co–economy of the, 234–237; customer/ partner relationship aspects of the, 222; description of the new, 223–224; winners and losers of the, 224, 226–227 IoT ecosystems: emerging to help support the journey, 64–67, 68fi g; IoT mistake of ignoring future needs for, 171–172 See also Collaborative partner IoT ecosystems IoT framework: the common, 207–208; IEEE IoT Architec­ tural Framework, 208, 211, 212; IoT World Forum Reference Model, 208, 209fi g See also IoT standards IoT (Internet of Things): a brief history and early forms of, 14–17; bringing together technology, the economy, and culture, 23–25; business aspects of, 237–239; continuing era of innovation and disruption by, 229–234; environmental appli­ cations and benefits by, 113–116; the global digital transformation through, 18–19; the govern­ ment role in, 139–142; the key obstacles to, 25–26; predicted CAGR of, 19; as a revolutionary economic opportunity, 12–14; state of the IoT union today, 227–229; the three trends driv­ ing, 19, 21–23; understanding the impact on your organization by, 3–4 See also Internet stages; Technology; Value proposition IoT journey: building an IoT cost justification for your, 82fi g–85; emerging IoT ecosystem to help support the, 64–67, 68fi g; examples of businesses at the beginning of their, 61–64; the increasing growth of organi­ zations taking the, 58–61; IoT success by preparing for a, 27– 28fi g, 150–151fi g; “low-hanging fruit,” 89; making the cost justification case for your, 82fi g–89, 222–223; mistakes to avoid during your, 170–178; as a new journey for everyone, Index 124fi g ; obstacles to your, 25–26, 160–161; opportunities created by taking the, 51–59; the prom­ ise of making the, 47–51; start with “low-hanging fruit,” 27fi g, 232; taking the first step on the, 10–11 See also Generation IoT; Organizations IoT mistakes: avoiding the ones that are fatal, 178; common types of, 174fi g ; early identifica­ tion of science projects vs pro­ duction projects, 172–173; fail fast/learn together approach to making, 173; failure to commu­ nicate, 173; focusing too much on current requirements instead of future needs, 171–172; imple­ menting IoT solutions insola­ tion, 171fi g ; moving forward and past your nonfatal, 177; sum­ mary of most common classes of challenges and, 173, 175t –177t ; too optimistic forecasted ROI, 170 See also IoT success recipe IoT obstacles: government as, 26; organizational culture as, 26; security as, 25–26; strategic, 164–169; tactical, 169; techni­ cal, 25 IoT payback: aspirational, 116– 123; breakout of IoT domain benefits in manufacturing for, 92fi g ; components of IoT, 85– 86; Dundee Precious Metals, 80, 82; examples of specific types of, 78–82; five areas of fast, 96; four fast paths to, 97fi g ; Har­ ley-Davidson’s IoT, 6, 7, 8fi g, 12, 18, 21, 32, 63, 76, 78, 87; lOB managers reporting on IoT, 19, 21; PepsiCo’s IoT, 75–76, 77fi g, 80, 87, 89; predictive analytics to identify potential, 84, 88–89 See also Cost justification case IoT payback components: con­ nected operations, 85; industrial control zones, 86; IoT-as-a-Ser­ vice, 85; metering and measure­ ment, 85; predictive analytics, 85; remote monitoring, 85; remotely controlled machines and equipment, 86; smart envi­ ronments, 86; Venaim’s mobile services, 59–60 IoT payback paths: connected op­ erations, 97fi g, 98–100; different scenarios on taking, 110–113; predictive analytics, 97fi g, 102–105, 118; predictive main­ tenance, 97fi g, 108fi g –110; re­ mote operations, 97fi g, 100–102, 221–222; “the trillion–dollar question” on, 118 IoT payback scenarios: in agricul­ ture, 110; in the airline industry, 112–113; in building automa­ tion, 112; in education, 112; in healthcare, 111; in the military, 110–113; in retail, 111; in sports and entertainment, 112; in utilities, 112 IoT security: best practices for, 195–197; challenges of, 197–198; common standards and best practices developed for, 199–200, 202; as everyone’s responsibility, 186fi g ; the fi rst step on the journey toward, 10–11; as foundation of your IoT, 200–202; ISACA and RSA Conference 2016 survey on, 185; privacy concerns of, 198–200; security threats vs security spending, 194fi g ; taking an industry approach to, 44; TIPPSS (trust, identity, privacy, protection, safety, and security) systems, 237; understanding the importance of, 181–182; what the experts have to say about, 193–195 IoT security architecture: adopt a single policy-based, 11; flexibil­ ity and other characteristics of the best, 191–193; recommen­ dations on type to adopt, 202; Stuxnet worm attack on Iranian nuclear facility, 182, 201 IoT security policy: adopt a se­ curity architecture based on a single, 11; collaboration for implementing, 11; converge around the, 11 IoT security risk management: best practices for, 195–197; challenge and process of, 184–187; com­ mon standards and best practices developed for, 199–200, 202; comprehensive before/during/ after approach to, 189–190fi g ; recommendation for “best of both worlds” approach to, 191, 192fi g ; risk-based self-defense, 183fi g ; Shadow IT issues for, 188–189; three sets of guidelines for, 11; time for radical new approach to, 187–188; tradi­ tional “security by isolation” or “perimeter defense,” 187; understand that physical sepa­ ration provides no defense, 182; V2V connectivity and, 191, 199, 200–201, 218; Verizon’s “2015 Data Breach Investigations Re­ port” on, 11; what the experts have to say about, 193–195 IoT solutions: to African bank’s ATM theft problem, 148–149; imagine the ones that your or­ ganization will need, 222–223; implementing business change 257 through, 149–152; mistake of implementing in isolation, 171fi g IoT standards: Cisco and Rockwell Automation working toward open, 222; evolving existing horizontal, 208, 211–212; 5G standard, 211; industry consor­ tia, 209, 212; industry-specific standards bodies, 213; IoT security, 199–200, 202; IoT success by converging around, 44, 203–204; making the case for, 204–207, 210; migrating different technologies to open, 208–209 See also IoT frame­ work; Standards IoT success recipe: attract and train new and existing talent, 28fi g ; collaborative partner ecosys­ tems, 28fi g, 39fi g, 64–65; focus on solving real problems, 28fi g, 95–96; integrate technology solutions with business pro­ cesses, 28fi g, 150; make security a priority, 28fi g ; prepare for a journey, 27–28fi g, 150–151fi g ; start with “low-hanging fruit,” 28fi g, 89, 232; transform culture along with technology, 28fi g, 155, 157–158 See also IoT mis­ takes; specifi c topic “The IoT to make up almost half of IT budgets by 2020” (Green), 226 IoT transformation change: change management required for successful, 152–153; changing roles and golden opportunities during, 161–163; comparison of directions, 39fi g ; as driving IT/OT convergence, 155–158, 156fi g, 157–158; emergence as both an agent and result of change, 147–148; exercise and questions on facilitating, 169– 170; get in front of the coming, 170–171; how business change is implemented through, 149–152; learn and share with your IoT peers to facilitate, 159–160; new conceptual paradigm of the, 38; as the new status quo, 32–34, 36, 153–155; nine rules for creating the co-economy required for, 161–163; obstacles to, 25–26, 163–169; operational elements of a successful, 39–40; opportunities created by, 51–59; people, process, data, things as part of the, 36–38; the promise of making, 47–51; reasons to consider the, 43–45 See also Change IoT World Forum Reference Model, 208, 209fi g IoT–native technologies, 23 258 IPv6–driven networking, 23, 134, 145 ISA (International Society of Automation), 199, 202, 213 ISA100 standard, 210 ISACA and RSA Conference 2016 survey, 185 IT (information technology): convergence of OT (operational technology) and, 21; how Har­ ley-Davidson’s IoT cooperated with OT and, 6, 21, 63; IoT bringing together culture, econ­ omy, and, 23–25 IT/OT convergence: Anglo Amer­ ican Platinum Ltd’s successful, 63; continued resistance by companies to, 201; Harley-Da­ vidson’s IoT success through, 6, 21, 63; how fog computing facilitates, 211; how IoT drives workforce issues and, 155–158, 156fi g; improving communi­ cation and efficiency through, 21–22; as IoT success factor, 40; organizational culture as obsta­ cle to, 26; redefining jobs as part of the IoT, 37 See also Collab­ orative partner IoT ecosystems; OT (operational technology) Index Logvinov, Oleg, 211 LoRa, 206 “Low-hanging fruit,” 28fi g, 89, 232 LPWAN (low power wide area network) technologies, 206 M M2M (Machine to Machine), 14, 18, 70, 128 MacGillivray, Carrie, 18, 20 Machine learning: description of, 215; introduction to, 14, 90, 145; new applications of, 192; as part of the IoT journey, 145, 149, 151; SLN (self-learning networks) example of IoT power of, 221–222 Machine–to–Machine and In- ternet–of–Things Contracts Tracker, 18 MachNation, 67, 69, 70 McKinsey Global Institute, 19, 20fi g, 37 McRock Capital, 65 McRock IIoT Symposium (Mon­ treal, 2016), 224 Magalhaes, Jorge, 116 Managers: LOB (line–of–busi­ ness), 12, 19, 21, 24, 207, 232– 233, 236; who are Generation J IoT, 10, 31–32 See also Change Jennings, Tim, 18 management John Berra Consulting, 79 Manufacturing sector: breakout of IoT domain benefits for payback K in, 92fi g; IoT’s contribution to Kern, John, 105, 107 the current renaissance of inno­ Kerner, Sean Michael, 193 vation, 5, 230–234; lean manu­ Kopetz, Georg, 212 facturing approach to, 150, 151; KPIs (key performance indicators), “maker” movement attraction 134, 235 of Millennials to, 24; predictive KPMG, 238 analytics used in the, 100–104; Krishna, Sanjaya, 238 “Surface World” conference (2015) of the, 32 L Manyika, James, 19 Labor reduction IoT payoff, 96 Mass customization: Daihatsu’s Large and midsize enterprises IoT 3D printers to show car “effect journey, 232 skins” example of, 13; descrip­ “Last mile” technologies See tion and vision of, 12; how IoT Access technologies facilitates the vision of, 12–14 Lean manufacturing, 150, 151 Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Leeb–du Toit, Rand, 19 Venus? (Gray), 21, 157 LeHong, Hung, 19 Metrolinx, 41–42fi g, 43, 90 Lewis, Chris, 131 Military payback scenarios, Lewis Insight, 131 110–113 Linux Foundation, 218 Millennials: characteristics of, 129; LOB (line–of–business): basic “maker” movement attraction questions to ask about access to manufacturing by, 24; mobile technologies, 207; boundaries experience of, 145; unrelenting of, 12; co–economy participa­ change as a way of life for the, tion by, 236; compelling bene­ Mining industry: Goldcorp (Can­ fits of IoT to, 24; emerging as a ada), 49, 50fi g, 51; Rio Tinto’s major buying center for technol­ predictive maintenance prob­ ogy, 19, 21; vendor IoT journey lem, 47–49, 90, 108fi g–110 Mirgoli, Max, 210–211 being sponsored by, 232–233 Location awareness technology, 144 Mistakes See IoT mistakes Mobile experience, 145 Mobile industry innovation, 230, 231fi g MOOCs (massive open online courses), 112, 130 Morgan Stanley–Automation World Industrial Automation Survey “The Internet of Things and the New Industrial Revolu­ tion,” 169–170 Moriarty, Robert, 22 MPI Group’s “The Internet of Things Has Finally Arrived” study, 227 N National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 199 Near Zero downtime solution (FANUC), 64, 105–106fi g Nebbiolo Technologies, 214 Nimble Wireless, 102–103fi g, 115, 117–118 Noronha, Andy, 22 North American Electric Reliabil­ ity Corporation (NERC), 140 Northrop Grumman, 129 Nosbusch, Keith, 82 NXP Semiconductors, 16 O Oberg Manufacturing, 130 Obstacles See IoT obstacles OCF (Open Connectivity Foun­ dation), 209, 212 O’Connell, Kathy, 22 ODVA, 160, 199, 202, 209, 213 Oil and gas industry: APC (ad­ vanced process control) systems example of IoT mistake in, 172; IoT mistake of failing to get necessary approvals example in, 172–173 oneM2M Consortium, 211 OPC Foundation, 209, 212 Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF), 209, 212 Open technology standards, 22–23 OpenFog Consortium (OFC), 199, 209, 217 Organizational culture: IoT bringing together technology, economy, and, 23–25; as IoT obstacle, 26; IoT success by transforming both technology and, 28fi g, 155, 157–158 Organizations: emerging IoT eco­ system supporting IoT change by, 64–67, 68fi g; increasing IoT partnerships between SPs and, 71; increasing number making the IoT transformation, 58–61; IoT payback for your, 97–115, 118fi g, 221–222; making the IoT cost justification case for your, 82fi g–89; nine rules to build IoT Index workforce ecosystem in your, 161–163; startup IoT, 67, 69; understanding the impact of IoT on your, 3–4 See also IoT jour­ ney; specifi c companies OT (operational technology): how Harley-Davidson’s IoT cooperated with their, 6, 21, 63; IoT bringing together culture, economy, and, 23–25; as IoT success factor, 40 See also IT/ OT convergence Ovum, 18, 19 Oxford University’s Smart Handpumps (Kenya), 115–116 P Payback See IoT payback PC industry innovation, 230, 231fig People See Workers PepsiCo, 75–76, 77fi g, 80, 87, 90 Planning IoT success, 39 “Platform” startups See Startup companies PLC (power line communication), 206 Poniewierski, Aleksander, 171–172 POS (point–of–sale) networks, 14 Positive Train Control (U.S rail­ ways), 140 Predictive analytics: Cisco’s ap­ plication of, 106–108; descrip­ tion of, 104; FANUC “near zero downtime” solution, 64, 105–106fi g ; as fast IoT payback path, 97fi g ; identifying which IoT process has biggest payback using, 88–89; introduction to real-time, 14, 90, 145; IoT cost justification using, 84, 88–89; manufacturing application of, 100–104; potential of strategic use of, 118 See also Technology Predictive maintenance: Cisco survey results on IoT and, 79–80, 81fi g ; description of, 109–110; as fast IoT payback path, 97fi g, 108fi g –110; as most compelling business case for IoT, 79–80; Rio Tinto’s openpit mining problem with, 47–49, 90, 108fi g –110 Preparation IoT success factor, 39 PricewaterhouseCoopers, 154 Privacy concerns: employee data, 198; location of the employee data, 198; protection of sensi­ tive employee data, 198–199; TIPPSS (trust, identity, privacy, protection, safety, and security) systems, 237 Processes: IoT success by integrat­ ing technology solutions with business, 28fi g, 150; IoT trans­ formation role of people, data, things, and, 36–38 Productivity IoT payback, 96 PROFIBUS (Process Filed Bus) [PI], 213 PROFINET (Process Field Net) [PI], 213 Public interests protection, 140–141 Q Quality improvement IoT pay­ back, 96 R Rail Safety Improvement Act, 140 “The real cost of downtime” (De­ vOps), 105 Remote expertise, 143 Remote operations: dairy com­ pany and Nimble Wireless’ development of a, 101–101; Davra Networks’ implementa­ tion of, 101; as fast IoT payback path, 97fi g, 100, 101–102; fi­ nancial savings of, 221–222; the trucking industry example of, 100–101 Retail payback scenarios, 111, 226 RFID (radio–frequency identifica­ tion) tags, 14, 15 Rio Tinto: deep open mine illus­ tration of the issue, 47, 48fi g ; leveraging IoT to streaming mining process of, 90; predic­ tive maintenance challenge facing, 47–49, 90, 108fi g –109, 108fi g Robotics field, 144, 226 Rockley, Whitney, 65 Rockwell Automation: Cisco’s IoT partnership with, 9, 66; con­ nected operations of, 98–99fi g ; financial payback of IoT im­ provements at, 78; IaaS model partnership of PepsiCo and, 75–76, 77fi g, 80, 87, 90; “Pep­ siCo Infrastructure as a Service” profile of, 76; working toward open standards and open IoT model, 222 ROI (return on investment): breakout of IoT domain ben­ efits in manufacturing, 92fi g ; breakout of IoT domain benefits in manufacturing payback and, 90fi g ; evaluating tradeoff s of various pricing approaches, 229; every IoT project needs to be cost–justified with estimated, 222–223; examining the IoT, 6; Harley-Davidson’s IoT, 6, 7, 8fi g, 12, 18, 21, 32, 63, 76, 78, 87; identify which vertical markets deliver the largest IoT, 87–88; LOB managers report­ ing on IoT, 19, 21; mistake of too optimistic forecast on, 170; 259 PepsiCo’s IoT, 75–76, 77fi g, 80, 87, 90; predictive analytics to identify potential payback and, 84, 90–95; ROI worksheet data to predict, 91fi g Rotibi, Bola, 201 S S&P 500: failure to keep up tech­ nologically by the, 7, 23; need to learn Generation IoT implemen­ tation by, 10 SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems, 41 Security issues See IoT security Self-learning networks (SLN), 221–222 Sensor swarms, 191 Service providers See SPs (service providers) Service–oriented architecture (SOA), 228 Shadow IT, 188–189 Siemens, 130, 154 Silicon Valley’s technological changes, 154–155 Sivakumar, Siva, 102 Six Sigma, 150, 151 SLN (self-learning networks), 221–222 Small businesses IoT journey, 232 Smart Handpumps (Oxford Uni­ versity) [Kenya], 115–116 SOA (service–oriented architec­ ture), 228 Southeast Michigan Test Bod, 160 Sports and entertainment payback scenarios, 112 SPs (service providers): increasing IoT partnerships between enter­ prises and, 71; IoT journey of, 233; traditional business posi­ tions of, 70 Standards: example of the Betamax vs VHS, 211; open tech­ nology, 22–23; for solving the overabundance of access tech­ nologies problem, 207 See also IoT standards Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., 27–28 Startup companies: increasing number of B2B IoT, 67; IoT application enablement platform type of, 67, 69; IoT platform– enabled solution type of, 69 State of the IoT union today, 227–229 Stealthwatch Learning Networks, 222 STEM education, 129 Strategic IoT obstacles, 164–169 Strategies: building IoT workforce ecosystems rules and, 161–163; collaboration, 43–44; converge around standard, 44; as IoT 260 success factor, 39; take an in­ dustry approach, 44 See also IoT success recipe Stuxnet worm attack, 182, 201 Success recipe See IoT success recipe Suppliers IoT journey, 234 “Surface World” conference (2015), 32 System integrators IoT journey, 233 T Tactical IoT obstacles, 169 Teams: IoT success by building a diverse, 39; nine rules to build your IoT workforce ecosystem, 161–163 Technology: blockchain, 14, 90, 199, 217–221; cloud–oriented, 23, 132, 172, 195; fog comput­ ing, 14, 90, 211–212, 213–214fi g, 215fi g, 216–217; integrating business processes with, 28fi g, 150; IoT success by transforming culture along with, 28fi g, 155, 161–163; machine learning, 14, 90, 145, 215–216 See also Access technologies; IoT (Internet of Things); Predictive analytics Things: Age of Connected Things, 38; IoT transformation role of process, data, people, and, 36–38 TIPPSS (trust, identity, privacy, protection, safety, and security) systems, 237 Tokar, Dima, 67, 69 Toronto Pearson International Airport, 41 Training: as IoT success factor, 40; Siemens’ apprenticeships ap­ proach to, 130; specialized IoT, 129 See also Education; Workers Transportation and industrial industries: IoT payback for, 226; Positive Train Control (U.S railways), 140 Tratz–Ryan, Bettina, 141 Index “The trillion–dollar question” on payback, 118 TSN (Time Sensitive Network­ ing), 212 TTTech, 212 Turner, Vernon, 12, 19 2015 Automation Perspectives, 82 “2015 Data Breach Investigations Report” (Verizon), 11 U UP Express (Union Pearson Ex­ press), 41 U.S railways Positive Train Con­ trol, 140 Utilities payback scenarios, 112 V V2V (vehicle–to–vehicle) connec­ tivity: blockchain technology being considered for, 218; IoT security architecture able to handle, 191; recommendations on getting started with, 200– 201; security potential of, 199 Value chains: example of collabo­ rative partner IoT ecosystem to transform railway, 66; how IoT disrupts traditional, 7, 8fi g, 12, 226; IoT vision for, 145 Value proposition: building an IoT cost justification using po­ tential, 82fi g–85; components of IoT payback for, 85–86; Dundee Precious Metals, 80, 82; Harley-Davidson IoT-induced changes and increased, 6, 7, 8fi g, 12, 18, 21, 32, 63, 76, 78, 87; IoT-driven evolutionary improvements in, 5–6; PepsiCo case, 75–76, 77fi g, 80, 87, 90; predictive maintenance as most compelling, 79–80 See also IoT (Internet of Things) Vasseur, JP, 222 Vendors: co–economy participa­ tion by, 236; IoT journey taken by, 232–233 Veniam, 59–60 Verizon’s “2015 Data Breach In­ vestigations Report,” 11 Villa, Nicola, 22 Virtual reality (VR), 143 VPN (virtual private network) connections, 188 W Watson, Mark, 127 Wind power, 115–116 Wireless HART standard, 210 Wi–SUN, 206 Workers: changing roles and golden opportunities during IoT change, 161–163; hiring guide for fi nding, 128fi g–132; IoT transformation role of process, data, things, and, 36–38; IoT visionaries among your, 137–138, 142–145; IoT will require a lot of qualified, 125–128; new positions and old positions with a new twist for, 132–137; nine rules to build your IoT workforce ecosystem, 161–163; privacy concerns re­ lated to employee data of your, 198–199 See also Generation IoT; Training World Economic Forum, 142 World Wide Strategic Partnerships (IMEC), 210 “Worldwide Internet of Things Forecast, 2015–2020” report, 18, 19 WPAN (wireless personal area networks), 206 Z Zhang, Tao, 188 Zheng, Raymond, 188 Zheng, Yi, 188 ZigBee NAN, 206 WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT Go to www.wiley.com/go/eula to access Wiley's ebook EULA ... morphed the IoT of yesterday to define the IoT of today the next stage of the Internet The first generation of Internet adopters also didn’t use the term IoT to describe the type of business transformations...MACIEJ KRANZ BUILDING T HE INTERNE T OF THINGS IMPLEMENT NEW BUSINESS MODELS, DISRUPT COMPETITORS, AND TR ANSFORM YOUR INDUSTRY Cover design: Paul McCarthy This book... experiencing in every business segment Generation IoT 10 Building the Internet of Things So how does your business survive in this environment? How you avoid the mortality we’ve seen among the S&P 500?