www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Machine Learning Hands-On for Developers and Technical Professionals Jason Bell www.it-ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10:2:39:AM 10/06/2014 Page i Machine Learning: Hands-On for Developers and Technical Professionals Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-118-88906-0 ISBN: 978-1-118-88939-8 (ebk) ISBN: 978-1-118-88949-7 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the 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refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http:// booksupport.wiley.com For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2014946682 Trademarks: Wiley and the Wiley logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and/or its affi liates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners John Wiley & Sons, Inc is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book www.it-ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10:2:39:AM 10/06/2014 Page ii To Wendy and Clarissa www.it-ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10:2:39:AM 10/06/2014 Page iii Credits Executive Editor Carol Long Business Manager Amy Knies Project Editor Charlotte Kughen Professional Technology & Strategy Director Barry Pruett Technical Editor Mitchell Wyle Associate Publisher Jim Minatel Production Editor Christine Mugnolo Project Coordinator, Cover Patrick Redmond Copy Editor Katherine Burt Proofreader Nancy Carrasco Production Manager Kathleen Wisor Manager of Content Development and Assembly Mary Beth Wakefield Director of Community Marketing David Mayhew Indexer Johnna Dinse Cover Designer Wiley Cover Image © iStock.com/VLADGRIN Marketing Manager Carrie Sherrill iv www.it-ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10:2:39:AM 10/06/2014 Page iv About the Author Jason Bell has been working with point-of-sale and customer-loyalty data since 2002, and he has been involved in software development for more than 25 years He is founder of Datasentiment, a UK business that helps companies worldwide with data acquisition, processing, and insight v www.it-ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10:2:39:AM 10/06/2014 Page v www.it-ebooks.info Acknowledgments During the autumn of 2013, I was presented with some interesting options: either a research-based PhD or co-author a book on machine learning One would take six years and the other would take seven to eight months Because of the speed the data industry was, and still is, progressing, the idea of the book was more appealing because I would be able to get something out while it was still fresh and relevant, and that was more important to me I say “co-author” because the original plan was to write a machine learning book with Aidan Rogers Due to circumstances beyond his control he had to pull out With Aidan’s blessing, I continued under my own steam, and for that opportunity I can’t thank him enough for his grace, encouragement, and support in that decision Many thanks goes to Wiley, especially Executive Editor, Carol Long, for letting me tweak things here and there with the original concept and bring it to a more practical level than a theoretical one; Project Editor, Charlotte Kughen, who kept me on the straight and narrow when there were times I didn’t make sense; and Mitchell Wyle for reviewing the technical side of things Also big thanks to the Wiley family as a whole for looking after me with this project Over the years I’ve met and worked with some incredible people, so in no particular order here goes: Garrett Murphy, Clare Conway, Colin Mitchell, David Crozier, Edd Dumbill, Matt Biddulph, Jim Weber, Tara Simpson, Marty Neill, John Girvin, Greg O’Hanlon, Clare Rowland, Tim Spear, Ronan Cunningham, Tom Grey, Stevie Morrow, Steve Orr, Kevin Parker, John Reid, James Blundell, Mary McKenna, Mark Nagurski, Alan Hook, Jon Brookes, Conal Loughrey, Paul Graham, Frankie Colclough, and countless others (whom I will be kicking myself that I’ve forgotten) for all the meetings, the chats, the ideas, and the collaborations vii www.it-ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10:2:39:AM 10/06/2014 Page vii viii Acknowledgments Thanks to Tim Brundle, Matt Johnson, and Alan Thorburn for their support and for introducing me to the people who would inspire thoughts that would spur me on to bigger challenges with data An enormous thank you to Thomas Spinks for having faith in me, without him there wouldn’t have been a career in computing In relation to the challenge of writing a book I have to thank Ben Hammersley, Alistair Croll, Alasdair Allan, and John Foreman for their advice and support throughout the whole process I also must thank my dear friend, Colin McHale, who, on one late evening while waiting for the soccer data to refresh, taught me Perl on the back of a KitKat wrapper, thus kick-starting a journey of software development Finally, to my wife, Wendy, and my daughter, Clarissa, for absolutely everything and encouraging me to this book to the best of my nerdy ability I couldn’t have done it without you both And to the Bell family—George, Maggie and my sister Fern—who have encouraged my computing journey from a very early age During the course of writing this book, musical enlightenment was brought to me by St Vincent, Trey Gunn, Suzanne Vega, Tackhead, Peter Gabriel, Doug Wimbish, King Crimson, and Level 42 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The Code Converting from CSV to Arff Running the Neural Network Chapter 92 93 93 93 93 94 94 95 96 98 99 10 0 10 0 10 2 10 3 10 5 10 8 10 8 10 9 10 9 11 1 11 4 11 4 Summary 11 5 Association Rules Learning. ..www .it- ebooks.info Machine Learning Hands- On for Developers and Technical Professionals Jason Bell www .it- ebooks.info ffirs.indd 10 :2:39:AM 10 /06 /2 014 Page i Machine Learning: Hands- On for Developers. .. www .it- ebooks.info ftoc.indd 09:58 :19 :AM 10 /06 /2 014 Page xii 11 8 11 8 11 9 12 1 12 1 12 2 12 2 12 2 Contents Algorithms 12 3 Apriori FP-Growth Chapter 12 3 12 4 Mining the Baskets—A Walkthrough 12 4 Downloading the Raw