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Collected by VanToan-Tnut Phone number:0356620861 DAY 12/18 PHẦN ĐỌC TOEFL ITP I.DẠNG 1: TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA (16-18 CÂU) II.DẠNG 2:TÌM TỪ THAY THẾ CHO ĐẠI TỪ (3-5 CÂU) Cách nhận biết: “refer to; can be replaced by ” Example: • The word “ they” in line 20 refer to? • The word “ it” in line 25 can be replaced by? Cách làm: B1: Đọc câu hỏi B2:Xác định vị trí nội dung hỏi B3:Phân tích công thức: SV0 +TN+ It/they ……+V+0 TN +SV0 , It/they… +V+0 SV0 It/they……+V+0 SV0 ,(prep) Which (S) +V+0 Prep+ ,SV0.Prep +ĐTTT ,SV0 SV0 +So That +It/they ……… +V+0 B4: Chọn đáp án giống với công thức ( Chú ý: phân tích mà khơng giống với ct Bỏ qua,khoanh mẹo) EXERCISE 2: The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736 when it reached from Front Street to Third -The word ‘it’ in line can be replaced by? A.way B.High Street Market C.period Tài liệu luyện thi cấp tốc Toefl ITP -SĐT : 0356620861 1|Page D.Street As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century,it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland - The word ’it’ in line can be replaced by? A.town B.city C.Philadelphia D.Century Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale,have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild.They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates -The word ‘they’ in line can be replaced by ? A.birds B.people C.aviculturists D.eggs The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected,though it carefully regulated the rates -The word ‘they’ in line can be replaced by? A.legislature B.copany C.authority D.road Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life,were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment ,regular paycheck,increased access to goods and services,and expanded social opportunities.Others were pushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or wxpendable -The word ‘others’ in line can be replaced by? A.adults B payschecks C.cities D.life Face masks are commonly used in rituals and performances They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful emotions in the audience – danger, fear, sadness, joy - The word "they" in line refers to (A) masks (B) rituals (C) performances (D) emotions III DẠNG 3:TÌM THUẬT NGỮ ĐƯỢC ĐỊNH NGHĨA (1-3 CÂU) Cách nhận biết: “Term is (not) defined ” Example: Which of the following terms is (not) defined in the passage? Cách làm: B1: Đọc câu hỏi B2:Xác định vị trí nội dung hỏi B3: Phân tích cơng thức: S,APP,V0 ; APP,SV0 SV0 or ; S+ be+0 N,N ; N N N,N +TN+V0/Ved+prep ; SV0, APP ; S+ called +0 ; N +which/that +be +0 B4: Chọn đáp án giống với công thức ( Chú ý: phân tích mà khơng giống với ct Bỏ qua,khoanh mẹo) EXERCISE 3: Question1: - Aviculturists,people who raise birds for commercial sale,have not yet leared how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild - Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient nests of loosely arranged sticks,rocks,or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material - In artificial incubation programs,aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions - Similary ,these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo => Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? A.Aviculturists( line 1) B.Gradient(line 8) C Incubation( line 15) D.E mbryo( line 24) Question2: - Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period - A photographic emulsion, that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass, will, however, record much shorter bursts of light - A photographic flash can therefore be used to capture high-speed movement on film as well - That engulf the room in dense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses →Which of the following phrases is defined in paragraph 1? (A)”appreciable period”(line 1) (B)”photographic emulsion”(line 3) (C)”high-speed movement”(line 5) (D)”odd poses”(line 11) IV.DẠNG4:TÌM THƠNG TIN (16-19 CÂU) A.T ìm thơng tin có Cách nhận biết: “According to the passage” Cách làm: B1:Xác định câu hỏi từ khóa( dựa danh từ riêng trạng từ thời gian để xác định nhanh) B2:Xác định vị trí nội dung hỏi (phải đọc hết câu chứa nội dung hỏi) • Nếu nội dung hỏi nằm đầu câu câu tìm nằm cuối câu ngược lại • Nếu nội dung hỏi nằm trọn vẹn câu ta tìm câu trước câu sau • Nếu nội dung hỏi nằm cuối đoạn ta đọc câu trước B3:Tìm từ “Adj, N, Adv ,Prep ”trước sau nội dung hỏi so với đáp án,đáp án giống ta chọn B.T ìm thơng tin khơng có Cách nhận biết: • which of the following…not ; All of the following…….except • which….is not mentioned ; True………………exept Cách làm: Giống với bước Chú ý: Nếu đáp án xuất chọn đáp án không xuất Nếu đáp án xuất không làm (5) EXERCISE 4: Questions 11-22: Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material (10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment (15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors (20) to use as nests in which to place eggs In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive Similarly, these boxes should be protected from (25) direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secureplace to rest 13 According to paragraph 1, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then ? (A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation (B) the embryo will not develop normally (C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position (D) the incubation process is slowed down 15 According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to ? (A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest (B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest (C) keep the nest in a clean condition (D) touch the bottom of the eggs 16 All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT ? (A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the (B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest (C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell (D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell 20 According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides ? (A) a constant source of humidity (B) a strong nest box (C) more room for newly hatched chicks (D) protection against cold weather V.DẠNG 5:DẠNG CÂU HỎI TÌM Ý CHÍNH (5 CÂU) Chú ý: “ Đây dạng khó đề thi,chủ yêu dành cho bạn thi mốc cao dạng cần dịch hiểu,vì phương pháp làm bên áp dụng cho câu dễ ,và áp dụng tốt cho bạn xác định N ” Cách nhận biết : • Mainly discuss/answer/about • Main point -Vị trí :Rơi vào câu đầu đoạn Cách làm: B1:Xét danh từ đáp án ( N tùy ý) không xét danh từ chữ in hoa đáp án có Nếu có đáp án có N chữ in hoa giống ta xét bình thường B2: • Nếu đáp án khơng có N giống ta nhìn câu đầu đoạn • Nếu đáp án giống trở lên ta nhìn câu đầu đoạn cuối B3: Đáp án giống nhiều, giống cụm ta điền Khi làm bài:Ta làm theo thứ tự từ dạng đến dạng • Ai thi mức 450điểm cần làm chắn 12-18câu • Ai thi mức 500điểm cần làm chắn từ 18 -26 câu Sau khoanh mẹo đáp án B C EXERCISE 5: Questions 42-50: Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms Line and inducible or active systems Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens, such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae Othertrichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic orpotentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example, seems to be correlated with its hightolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals, although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis—that is, they become diseased and die—after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive resistance 42 What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms B.Theories on active plant defense mechanisms C.How plant defense mechanisms function D.How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ