MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “Theme – connecting cohesive devices in headline and leads of English online articles about obesity with reference to Vietnamese equivalents” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Linguistics Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2018 TRAN THI THU TRANG THEME-CONNECTING COHESIVE DEVICESTran IN HEADLINES AND LEADS Thi Thu Trang OF ENGLISH ONLINE ARTICLES ABOUT OBESITY WITH REFERENCE TO VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (CÁC PHƢƠNG TIỆN LIÊN KẾT CHỦ ĐỀ GIỮA TIÊU ĐỀ VÀ LỜI DẪN TRONG by BÉO PHÌ VÀ TƢƠNG ĐƢƠNG CÁC BÀI BÁO ĐIỆN TỬ TIẾNGApproved ANH VỀ BỆNH SUPERVISOR TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT) M.A THESIS Assoc Prof, Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong Field: English Language Date:…………………… Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr HOÀNG TUYẾT MINH Ha Noi, 2018 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper could not have been completed without the help, encouragement and support from a number of people who all deserve my sincerest gratitude and appreciation First and foremost, my deepest thanks are due to my supervisor Assoc Prof, Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong for her invaluable advice, generous assistance and continual encouragement in completion of this study Her continual encouragement, careful reading, critical comments and patient guidance made my work more enjoyable and easier My thanks also go to all lecturers of the Faculty of Graduated Studies, Hanoi Open University who taught me valuable lessons I would also like to send my thanks to all my informants for their willing participation in the study I greatly appreciate their generosity with their time and efforts in filling in the questionnaire Without them this paper could not have been possible Last but not least, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my family members who have constantly supported, inspired and encouraged me to complete the graduation paper ii CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii ABSTRACT viii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the research 1.2 Aim of the study 10 1.3 Objective of the study 10 1.4 Research question 10 1.5 Scope of the study 10 1.6 Methods of the study 10 1.7 Design of the study 11 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 12 2.1.Review of previous studies 12 2.1.1.Previous studies overseas 12 2.1.2 Previous studies in Vietnam 13 2.2 Review of theoretical background 13 2.2.1 The concepts of headline and lead 13 2.2.2 The relationship between the headline and lead 15 2.3 Theoretical framework 17 2.3.1 Concepts of Cohesion 17 2.3.2 Concepts of cohesive devices 19 2.3.3 Classification of cohesive devices 19 2.3 Thematic cohesion 31 2.3.1 Theory of Reiteration 31 2.3.2 Theory of Collocation 32 2.3.3 Theory of Substitution 32 2.3.4 Theory of Ellipsis 32 2.3.5 Theory of Conjunction 33 iii 2.4 News 33 2.4.1 Definition 33 2.4.2 Characteristics of news 33 2.4.3 Health news 34 2.4.4 General introduction to English newspaper agencies 34 2.5 Summary 35 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 36 3.1 Subjects 36 3.2 Instruments 36 3.3 Procedures 36 3.4 Statistical Analysis 37 3.5 Summary 37 CHAPTER TYPICAL THEME-CONNECTING COHESIVE DEVICES IN HEADLINES AND LEADS OF ENGLISH ONLINE ARTICLES ABOUT OBESITY AND VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS 39 4.1 Theme – connecting cohesive devices in headline and leads of selected articles with reference to Vietnamese equivalents 39 4.1.1 Topic-maintaining cohesive devices in headlines and leads of selected English articles and Vietnamese equivalents 39 4.1.2 Topic-developing cohesive devices in headlines and leads of selected English articles and Vietnamese equivalents 50 4.2 Similarities and differences between theme-connecting cohesive devices in headlines and leads of selected English articles and Vietnamese equivalents 64 4.2.1 Similarities between theme-connecting cohesive devices in headlines and leads of selected English articles and Vietnamese equivalents 64 4.2.2 Differences between theme-connecting cohesive devices in headlines and leads of selected English articles and Vietnamese equivalents 65 4.3 Implication for teacher and leaner when reading and translating health news in English and Vietnamese 67 4.4 Summary 68 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 69 5.1 Summary of Findings 69 5.2 Conclusions 70 5.3 Limitations of the study 70 iv 5.4 Recommendations for Further Study 71 REFERENCES 72 APPENDIX 74 v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Diagram 2.2 : The function and the relationship between the headline and lead 16 Table 2.1: Type of Cohesion Table 2.2: Grammatical and Lexical Cohesion 20 20 Table 1: Repitataion exact words/ phrases Chart 4.1: Repetition changing word order in the sentence of the elements Table 4.2: Repetition and abbreviation of name 36 37 38 Chart 4.2: Meaning expressions of compound or string of words in the headline and the lead 39 Chart 4.3 : Repetition in headlines and leads Table 4.3: Synonym in selected articles Table 4.4 :Meronym in selected articles Chart 4.4 : Superordinate in selected articles Chart 4.5: Antonym in selected articles 40 44 47 48 49 Chart 4.6: Developing core sentences by using clause(s) Chart 4.7: Developing core sentences 51 52 Chart 4.8: Appositive for expanding noun phrases Chart 4.9: Premodifiers of expanding noun phrase Chart 4.10: Relative clause of expanding noun phrase Chart 4.11: Adding words of expanding noun phrase Chart 4.12: Frequency of occurrence of topic-maintaining devices Chart 4.13: Frequency of occurrence of lexical cohesive devices in topicdeveloping Chart 4.14: Frequency of occurrence of grammatical cohesive devices in topicdeveloping 53 54 54 56 57 vi 58 58 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Adj Compar/super N Adjective Comparative/ superlative Noun NP Pre.P Noun Phrase Preposition Phrase Proper N Sent Proper Noun Sentence V Verb VP Verb Phrase vii ABSTRACT In this research, the writer analyzes theme-connecting cohesion devices between the headlines and the leads in some article about obesity This research is aimed to know kinds of grammatical and lexical cohesion appear in news text, to know the dominant cohesion devices which are used, and to know the degree of cohesiveness The writer uses a qualitative method in this research He uses Halliday and Hasan‟s theory of cohesion to find out the grammatical and lexical cohesion device utilized in the text, then he counts the dominant cohesion devices which appear in the text, finally he measures the degree of cohesiveness The writer intends to find out what grammatical cohesive devices (reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction) and lexical cohesive devices (repetition, synonym, antonym, hyponym, meronym, and collocation) are in the article and their contribution in making the article coherent and unified The data in this study is collected from three sources: BBC, The Guardian and Reuters with 150 articles and translated Vietnamese versions in order to discover general and particular characteristics of these newspapers‟ style The result of this research shows that cohesion devices both grammatical and the lexical has the highest and lowest occurrence, The cohesion through the grammatical cohesive which has the highest occurrence is superordinate Apart from grammatical cohesion, for the lexical cohesion, the writer found some repetition of the identical word is used at the same number of article on three source and it is the highest occurrence lexically The study recommends further studies on conducting a comparative analysis of English and translated Vietnamese version viii CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the research Nowadays, the widespread use of the Internet has made it possible for people to update news anywhere and anytime through online newspapers Apparently, online newspaper is a crucial part of our life as it keeps us well-informed about what is happening around us within one click An enormous amount of news on daily newspapers provides us with the latest national and international events on a wide range of topics such as: health, business, sports, education, society, politics, culture, etc News not only helps to increase our knowledge but also serves as a source of entertainment With this in mind, the author has made an attempt to research concerning with news, staying focus on online news due to the ubiquitous of the Internet Additionally, as an English teacher at Nam Dinh University of Nursing, the author has many chances to approach health English and takes interest in teaching health English to students in general and English majors in particular In an effort to improve health English to students, the author has adopted authentic materials including health online news which proves to be very effective and convenient in class Besides, students are also encouraged to spend time reading health online news at home as it is very beneficial to them in many ways The most recognizable benefits involve the increased knowledge and extended vocabulary in health However, students often encounter a lots of troubles in comprehending the news Thus, understanding cohesive devices between headlines and leads give students more insight into how writes organize what they want to say Furthermore, the writer has the ambition to make a distinction of the cohesive devices used in health news between English and Vietnamese online newspapers with the aim to figure out the similarities and differences of health news in both languages Thus, the study entitled “ Theme – connecting cohesive devices in headline and leads of English online article about obesity with reference to Vietnamese equivalents” was conducted to achieve this aim The findings of the study will hopefully lay a solid foundation to both teachers and learners in the mastery of health English news; more importantly, create background for translation between the two languages and consequently, enhance the teaching and learning of health English 1.2 Aim of the study To help learners understand the connection in headlines and leads on English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity and give some implications for language teaching, learning and translating cohesive devices in headlines and leads of English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity 1.3 Objective of the study To figure out the types of cohesive devices on English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity To identify the roles and the connection between headlines and leads in English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity To give some implications for language teaching, learning and translating cohesive devices in headlines and leads of English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity 1.4 Research question In order to achieve the aforementioned aims, the study is intended to find out the answer to three following research questions: 1) What are the typical types of cohesive devices used for connecting theme between headlines and leads of English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity? 2) How to apply the results of the study in teaching, learning cohesive devices and translating headlines and leads of English online articles about obesity into Vietnamese? 1.5 Scope of the study Currently, online newspapers offer a large amount of sections namely: Politic, Technology, Health, Business, Sport, Entertainment, etc However, within the framework of this thesis, the author‟s aim is only to focus on the use of cohesive devices in Health section, particularly those about one of the most dangerous diseases of modern society, obesity This study investigates 150 articles selected from typical English online newspapers and translated Vietnamese versions in order to discover general and particular characteristics of these newspapers‟ style As stated above, the focus of the study work towards the similarities and differences of cohesive devices used in health news on English and Vietnamese online newspapers 1.6 Methods of the study In the completion of the study, a variety of methods has been adopted, among which the main methods are qualitative and quantitative In this particular study, the researcher used the qualitative approach owing to its suitability in social research and the fact that it 10 have-babies-with-serious-birth-defects-says-study 70) TVs in the bedroom linked to childhood obesity, study finds Scientists say there is a clear link between having a TV in your bedroom as a young child and becoming overweight later in childhood https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jun/02/tvs-in-the-bedroom-linked-tochildhood-obesity-study-finds 71) 'Pro-vegetarian' diet could halve chance of obesity Study describes benefits of the „flexitarian‟ diet: basically vegetarian, with meat and fish consumed occasionally https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/may/19/pro-vegetarian-diet-halvechance-obesity 72) Obesity on rise as quarter of European teens eat sweets daily WHO report finds „bleak picture‟ of young people eating and drinking too much sugar and spending too much time sitting down https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/may/17/obesity-on-rise-25-europeanteenagers-consume-sweets-daily 73) Gluten-free diet carries increased obesity risk, warn experts Food adapted for those with coeliac disease often has more fat and less protein, and no benefits to non-sufferers, finds research https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/may/11/gluten-free-diet-carriesincreased-obesity-risk-warn-experts 74) Give overweight patients a year of weight-loss classes, say researchers Tens of thousands of cases of obesity-related diseases could be prevented if the standard three-month course of weight-loss classes were extended, says study https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/may/04/give-overweight-patientsa-year-of-weight-loss-classes-say-researchers 75) Smokers and obese patients face more curbs on NHS surgery NHS bosses are planning a massive expansion of the controversial rationing that forces smokers and obese patients to wait months in pain before they can have surgery, a leaked letter reveals https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/apr/22/nhs-letter-more-rations-onoperations-obese-smokers 76) Two-thirds of people in Mexico, Chile and Ecuador are obese, UN finds 84 Study calls epidemic frightening and finds that „overnutrition‟ and sedentary lifestyles are costing countries tens of billions of dollars every year https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/apr/25/obesity-epidemic-latin-americamexico-chile-ecuador-un-report 77) Amsterdam's solution to the obesity crisis: no fruit juice and enough sleep The city is successfully fighting fat by promoting tap water in its schools, along with healthy cooking classes and a ban on fast food sponsorship https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/apr/14/amsterdam-solution-obesitycrisis-no-fruit-juice-enough-sleep 78) Supermarkets must stop discounting unhealthy foods to tackle child obesity, say MPs Tough new measures to tackle childhood obesity – including a restriction on supermarkets offering “deep discounts” on unhealthy foods – must be introduced, according to a committee of MPs https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/mar/27/government-plan-onchildhood-obesity-very-disappointing-say-mps 79) Weight gain over adult life linked to greater digestive cancer risk, says study Study finds strong link between weight gain from age 20 and increased risk of oesophageal and stomach cancer – both of which have very poor survival rates https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/feb/15/weight-gain-over-adult-lifelinked-to-greater-digestive-cancer-risk-says-study 80) Overweight patients less likely to die in hospital after heart operations Study sees 25% reduction in death for overweight instead of healthy weight patients, contradicting weight loss advice https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/jan/20/overweight-patients-less-likelyto-die-in-hospital-after-heart-operations 81) Parents not recognise that their children are overweight, survey finds The vast majority of parents of overweight children in England not recognise the fact, the annual NHS health survey has found, raising fears that high levels of obesity have normalised unhealthy weights https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/dec/14/parents-children-overweightsurvey-obesity 82) Curbs on junk food ads No priority in fighting childhood obesity, says study 85 Dramatic curbs on the to children is the policy measure that will be most effective in reducing the growing epidemic of , according to a group of more than 70 health experts https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/nov/12/stop-junk-food-advertisingcurb-childhood-obesity-experts 83) Health chief: obesity warning letters to parents must not be watered down School letters sent to parents telling them their children are overweight should not be watered down despite widespread anger, the chief medical officer has said, arguing against the “normalisation” of obesity https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/nov/03/chief-medical-officer-obesityschool-warning-letters-parents 84) Child obesity rising again, NHS report reveals A growing number of children are becoming obese as young as four or five years old, NHS figures have shown, sparking renewed concern about the obesity crisis https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/nov/03/child-obesity-rising-again-nhsreport-reveals 85) GPs should not worry about offending obese patients, finds study More than three-quarters of patients said yes to weight-loss programmes in trial of 30-second intervention by doctors https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/24/gps-should-not-worry-aboutoffending-obese-patients-finds-study 86) More babies face health risks due to obese parents, experts warn Doctors say increasing number of babies worldwide face serious problems, such as brain damage, strokes and heart disease https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/12/more-babies-face-health-risksdue-to-obese-parents-experts-warn 87) Obesity set to soar for boys, but not girls, from poorer homes Most boys from deprived backgrounds in England will be overweight by 2020 while better-off boys grow slimmer, says study https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/11/obesity-soar-boys-girls-poorerhomes-deprived-backgrounds-overweight-2020 88) Junk food shortening lives of children worldwide, data shows Obesity, type diabetes and high blood pressure at unprecedented levels due to 86 spread of fast food and sugary drinks https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/07/junk-food-shortening-liveschildren-obesity-diabetes-data 89) Egypt's obesity battle: 'No one cares about calories here' A diet laden with sugar, meat and carbs coupled with few opportunities for exercise have left 62% of Egyptians overweight https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/07/egypt-obesity-battle-caloriesoverweight 90) Three in four Britons unclear on obesity link to cancer – poll Charity says findings are „really concerning‟ and it is government‟s responsibility to inform people and take action on obesity https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/nov/20/obesity-bigger-cost-than-warand-terror 91) Failure to curb junk food ads „will hinder parents‟ in fight against obesity A failure to limit the way the junk food industry promotes itself to young people will make life far harder for parents trying to give children a nutritious diet, according to the royal society set up to improve public health https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/20/failure-to-curb-junk-food-adsparents-public-health-chief 92) Childhood obesity: retailers urge mandatory cuts to food sugar levels British Retail Consortium criticises proposal for voluntary action by manufacturers in government‟s much-derided strategy https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18/childhood-obesity-retailersurge-mandatory-cuts-to-food-sugar-levels 93) Childhood obesity strategy: not even an E for effort Government plans to improve nation‟s health have disappointed everyone, from health leaders to the food industry https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18/childhood-obesity-strategy-noteven-an-e-for-effort 94) Childhood obesity: UK's 'inexcusable' strategy is wasted opportunity, say experts Plan to rely on voluntary action by food industry is dismissed as embarrassing by public health experts who condemn failure to restrict advertising aimed at children 87 https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/18/childhood-obesity-strategywasted-opportunity-campaigners 95) Childhood obesity strategy may be watered down, campaigners fear Experts‟ call for ban on junk food price promotions could go unheeded, though tax on sugary drinks expected to go ahead https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/17/childhood-obesity-strategywatered-down-campaigners 96) Obesity causes premature death, concludes study of studies Although it is true that the body mass index is flawed, even the merely overweight have shorter life expectancy than the slender https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jul/13/obesity-causes-premature-deathconcludes-study-studies 97) Children perceived as overweight 'more likely to gain pounds' Swedish study throws into question the practice of telling parents whether their children are overweight https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/may/31/children-perceived-asoverweight-more-likely-to-gain-pounds 98) Being overweight and having a large waistline increases risk of prostate cancer Every 4in (10cm) increase in waistline raises risk of developing fatal cancer by 18%, University of Oxford study finds https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jun/01/being-overweight-and-havinga-large-waistline-increases-risk-of-prostate-cancer 99) Anti-obesity campaigners resign over low-fat diet report Clinical director and consultant obstetrician were not shown or consulted about study, which reversed decades of wisdom on excess weight https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jun/03/anti-obesity-campaignersresign-over-low-fat-diet-report 100) Four in 10 American women now classified as obese US reaches „scary‟ milestone in obesity epidemic as government warnings fail to reverse dangerous weight gain https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/08/four-in-10-american-womenclassified-obese-epidemic 88 REUTERS 101) Severe obesity rates surging in rural America (Reuters Health) - Severe obesity rates have been on the rise nationwide since the turn of the century, disproportionately affecting children and adults in rural communities, two U.S studies suggest https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-rural/severe-obesity-ratessurging-in-rural-america-idUSKBN1JF2ID 102) U.S childhood obesity rates rising again (Reuters Health) - Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the U.S., according to two new studies that suggest some recent reports of progress may have been incorrect, or that a downturn was fleeting at best https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-obesity/u-s-childhood-obesityrates-rising-again-idUSKCN1GB2X5 103) Girls with obesity have increased risk of depression (Reuters Health) - Obese girls are more likely to develop depression during childhood and adolescence than their peers who weigh less, a research review suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-obesity-depression/girls-withobesity-have-increased-risk-of-depression-idUSKBN1KV2EH 104) Community obesity rates help shape whether families are overweight (Reuters Health) - Parents and kids who live in communities with high obesity rates are more likely to become overweight themselves than families living in communities where more people are a healthy weight, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-communityinfluence/community-obesity-rates-help-shape-whether-families-are-overweightidUSKBN1FK3B7 105) U.S doctors recommend behavior changes to prevent obesity-related health issues (Reuters Health) - For preventing health problems in obese patients, intensive behavioral interventions focused on improving things like eating and exercise habits may be the best prescription, U.S doctors advise https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity/u-s-doctors-recommendbehavior-changes-to-prevent-obesity-related-health-issues-idUSKCN1LY2UP 89 106) Obesity, overweight tied to shorter life, more years with heart disease (Reuters Health) - Obese people have shorter lives and even those who are just overweight spend more years living with heart disease than individuals who are a healthy weight, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-overweight-heart-disease/obesityoverweight-tied-to-shorter-life-more-years-with-heart-disease-idUSKBN1GZ33Y 107) Lifestyle changes can help obese women improve fertility (Reuters Health) - Although obesity can significantly decrease a woman‟s ability to get pregnant, losing weight through diet and exercise can improve her odds, according to a research review https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pregnancy-obesity/lifestyle-changescan-help-obese-women-improve-fertility-idUSKBN1JH38G 108) Type of weight loss surgery matters for people with severe obesity (Reuters Health) - People who have weight-loss surgery for extreme obesity may lose more weight with an older operation known as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass than with a newer sleeve gastrectomy procedure, a small U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-weightloss-surgery/type-of-weight-losssurgery-matters-for-people-with-severe-obesity-idUSKCN1LM314 109) Maternal obesity linked to complications in newborns (Reuters Health) - Babies born to obese mothers are more likely to face complications as newborns, even if the mother doesn‟t have high blood pressure or diabetes, a new study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-childbirth-obesity/maternal-obesitylinked-to-complications-in-newborns-idUSKCN1LT33U 110) Study challenges 'obesity paradox' in heart disease risk (Reuters Health) - The more overweight people become, the more likely they are to have a heart attack or stroke and to develop risk factors for heart disease like high blood pressure, a large UK study concludes https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-heart-obesity/study-challenges-obesityparadox-in-heart-disease-risk-idUSKCN1HC2BF 111) Forecast predicts over half of U.S children will be obese by age 35 (Reuters Health) - Nearly three in five children in the U.S today are destined to be obese when they reach their 35th birthday, according to a new projection 90 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-obesity-children-forecast/forecast-predictsover-half-of-u-s-children-will-be-obese-by-age-35-idUSKBN1DT3CT 112) Genetic obesity risk tied to smoking (Reuters Health) - Although smoking has long been associated with being thin, a recent genetic study suggests that a tendency to have excess body fat, especially around the waist, is also tied to a person‟s odds of being a smoker https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-smoking/genetic-obesity-risktied-to-smoking-idUSKCN1IV2ME 113) Obesity tied to risk of irregular heart rhythm in both genders (Reuters Health) - Both men and women who are overweight or obese may be more likely to develop an irregular heart rhythm condition known as atrial fibrillation than their counterparts who maintain a healthy weight, a recent study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-weight-afib/obesity-tied-to-risk-ofirregular-heart-rhythm-in-both-genders-idUSKCN1IG30R 114) Severe obesity declining among low-income U.S kids (Reuters Health) - The proportion of poor kids receiving government food assistance who are severely obese has declined following benefits changes designed to encourage healthier purchases, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-poverty-obesity/severe-obesitydeclining-among-low-income-u-s-kids-idUSKBN1EX26A 115) Obesity linked with disability after joint surgery (Reuters Health) - People who undergo joint surgery, such as joint replacements for arthritis, are more likely to become dependent in the years following surgery if they are obese, researchers say https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-joint-surgery/obesity-linkedwith-disability-after-joint-surgery-idUSKBN1EY2MF 116) Obesity, diabetes in pregnancy may raise kids' risk of psychiatric disorders (Reuters Health) - Pregnant women who have both severe obesity and diabetes may be more likely to have children with autism, ADHD and other psychiatric disorders than mothers who don‟t have either condition during pregnancy, a new study suggests 91 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pregnancy-diabetes-obesity/obesitydiabetes-in-pregnancy-may-raise-kids-risk-of-psychiatric-disordersidUSKBN1KU2I6 117) Mom's healthy lifestyle lowers child's risk of obesity (Reuters Health) - Children whose mothers stick to healthy lifestyle practices are less likely to be obese than children of less healthy moms, researchers report https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-obesity/moms-healthy-lifestylelowers-childs-risk-of-obesity-idUSKBN1JW2C2 118) Overweight kids can slim down using video games (Reuters Health) - Obese kids may be able to drop weight with the help of an unlikely aid: video games https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-obesity-videogames/overweightkids-can-slim-down-using-video-games-idUSKBN1KL32K 119) Exercise and dieting tied to reduced disability in obese older adults (Reuters Health) - Obese older adults who increase their exercise may have less fatigue and disability, but they may see an even bigger improvement if they also cut back on calories, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-elderly-fitness/exercise-and-dietingtied-to-reduced-disability-in-obese-older-adults-idUSKBN1KS272 120) Obesity rates rising for U.S women and teens (Reuters Health) - Obesity rates for U.S women and teens are on the rise, according to two new studies from the U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published in JAMA https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-usa-idUSKCN0YT1UM 121) U.S childhood obesity rates have increased since 1999: study (Reuters Health) - U.S childhood obesity rates have increased over the past 14 years, according to a study published on Monday, casting doubt on a recent analysis by government health researchers that found a sharp drop in preschool obesity rates over the past decade https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-health-obesity/u-s-childhood-obesity-rateshave-increased-since-1999-studyidUSBREA361XT20140407?feedType=RSS&feedName=healthNews 122) Lifestyle changes can help obese women improve fertility 92 (Reuters Health) - Although obesity can significantly decrease a woman‟s ability to get pregnant, losing weight through diet and exercise can improve her odds, according to a research review https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pregnancy-obesity/lifestyle-changescan-help-obese-women-improve-fertility-idUSKBN1JH38G 123) Childhood obesity not down in U.S (Reuters Health) - Rates of childhood overweight and obesity have not decreased in the U.S in recent years, and severe obesity is on the rise, especially for minority children, according to a new study https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-obesity-idUSKCN0XN2HL 124) Childhood obesity climbing with media use, European doctors warn (Reuters Health) - Children‟s waistlines have been expanding in lock step with the amount of time they spend with televisions, computers, smartphones and tablets, European doctors say https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-childobesity-europe-media/childhoodobesity-climbing-with-media-use-european-doctors-warn-idUSKBN1E834R 125) Poverty tied to worse heart health among U.S teens (Reuters Health) - Adolescents from low-income families are more likely than their affluent peers to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease like obesity, inactivity, poor nutrition and tobacco use, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-teens-cardio/poverty-tied-to-worseheart-health-among-u-s-teens-idUSKCN1MR2M4 126) Obesity tied to worse disability in rheumatoid arthritis (Reuters Health) - People with rheumatoid arthritis and obesity may be more likely to become disabled than their counterparts who maintain a healthier weight, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-arthritis-obesity/obesity-tied-to-worsedisability-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-idUSKBN1I12BZ 127) California residents support soda tax to fight obesity, health study shows (Reuters) - Fighting obesity by taxing sugary drinks and restricting junk food advertisements aimed at children has support from a wide majority of residents surveyed in a Southern California public health study released on Thursday https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-california-obesity/california-residents93 support-soda-tax-to-fight-obesity-health-study-shows-idUSKBN0EH08920140606 128) Disordered eating common in overweight young people Young adults who are overweight or obese are twice as likely as leaner youngsters to binge and purge or use other disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) to try to control their weight, and yet they're less likely to be diagnosed with an eating disorder, researchers say https://www.reuters.com/article/news/disordered-eating-behaviors-more-commonin-overweight-and-obese-young-adults 129) Child and teen obesity soars tenfold worldwide in 40 years: WHO report (Reuters) - The number of obese children and adolescents worldwide has jumped tenfold in the past 40 years and the rise is accelerating in low- and middle-income countries, especially in Asia, a major study said on Wednesday https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity/child-and-teen-obesity-soarstenfold-worldwide-in-40-years-who-report-idUSKBN1CF347 130) WHO panel split on soft drink sugar tax to cut obesity (Reuters) - An independent panel advising the World Health Organization (WHO) stopped short of recommending taxing sugary drinks on Friday after failing to reach a consensus https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-disease-sugar/who-panel-split-on-softdrink-sugar-tax-to-cut-obesity-idUSKCN1IX48A 131) Exercise improves asthma in obese adults Reuters Health - Exercise training helps improve daily life for obese adults with asthma, a new study found https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-asthma-obesity/exercise-improvesasthma-in-obese-adults-idUSKCN1GS2I5 132) London bans junk food ads on public transport to fight child obesity (Reuters) - London plans to ban junk food advertising on its entire public transport network to tackle child obesity, which is among the highest in Europe, Mayor Sadiq Kahn said on Friday https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-junkfood/london-bans-junk-food-adson-public-transport-to-fight-child-obesity-idUSKBN1IC22I 133) Fat and getting fatter: U.S obesity rates to soar by 2030 94 (Reuters) - If Americans stick to their eating and exercise habits, future historians will look back on the early 21st century as a golden age of svelte https://www.reuters.com/article/us-obesity-us/fat-and-getting-fatter-u-s-obesityrates-to-soar-by-2030-idUSBRE88H0RA20120918 134) Fat dogs teach humans new tricks about obesity - Hungarian study (Reuters) - Fat dogs have a lot in common with overweight humans, including an interest in top quality food and an unwillingness to settle for second best, Hungarian scientists have found https://www.reuters.com/article/hungary-dogs-obesity/fat-dogs-teach-humansnew-tricks-about-obesity-hungarian-study-idUSL8N1TG172 135) Obesity strongly linked to 11 types of cancer (Reuters Health) - People who are obese have a greater risk of developing and dying from several types of cancer including malignancies of the breast, ovary, kidney, pancreas, colon, rectum and bone marrow, a research review confirms https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-cancer-idUSKBN1685M4 136) Adult bones healthier when kids participate in organized sports (Reuters Health) - Young adults who played in organized sports as children and teens have stronger bones than peers who were less active as kids, a new study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-bone-strength/adult-boneshealthier-when-kids-participate-in-organized-sports-idUSKCN1MS3AL 137) Obesity tied to worse disability in rheumatoid arthritis (Reuters Health) - People with rheumatoid arthritis and obesity may be more likely to become disabled than their counterparts who maintain a healthier weight, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-arthritis-obesity/obesity-tied-to-worsedisability-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-idUSKBN1I12BZ 138) Years after The Biggest Loser, Metabolism Is Slower and Weight Is Back Up The work provides new insights into why it is difficult to keep off the pounds (Reuters Health) - Six years after dramatic weight loss on the TV show "The Biggest Loser," most contestants in a recent study had regained the pounds - and on top of that, their metabolism had slowed and they were burning fewer calories 95 every day than they did before their stint on the show https://www.reuters.com/article/6-years-after-the-biggest-loser-metabolism-isslower-and-weight-is-back-up/ 139) Obesity increases risk of certain ovarian cancers (Reuters Health) - Obesity increases the risk of invasive clear cell ovarian cancer, according to Australian researchers https://www.reuters.com/article/obesity-increases-risk-of-certain-ovarian-cancers/ 140) Help obese kids avoid weight stigma, doctors advise (Reuters Health) - Shaming kids about their weight doesn‟t encourage them to shed excess pounds, U.S doctors warn https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-kids-obesity/help-obese-kids-avoidweight-stigma-doctors-advise-idUSKBN1DK1KA 141) With high genetic obesity risk, healthy diet has biggest effect on weight (Reuters Health) - People who adopt a healthy diet to lose weight may get better results when they have a greater genetic risk for obesity, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-genetics-obesity-diet/with-high-geneticobesity-risk-healthy-diet-has-biggest-effect-on-weight-idUSKBN1FE2K3 142) Fetuses grow differently in obese women (Reuters Health) - Obese pregnant women who don‟t have serious medical problems are still more likely to have unusually large babies than mothers who aren‟t obese, a recent study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-pregnancy/fetuses-growdifferently-in-obese-women-idUSKBN1DV5YL 143) Obesity tied to serious complications after knee injuries (Reuters Health) - Knee dislocations are becoming more common among obese people, and these patients are more likely than normal-weight individuals to develop blood vessel damage that can lead to amputations, a recent study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-knee-complications/obesitytied-to-serious-complications-after-knee-injuries-idUSKBN1DA2XP 144) Obese children may have more asthma complications (Reuters Health) - Children with asthma who are also obese are admitted to the hospital more often for asthma complications, according to a recent study in Japan https://www.reuters.com/article/us-asthma-obesity-children/obese-children-may96 have-more-asthma-complications-idUSKBN1D22BI 145) Obesity in pregnancy linked to early puberty for girls (Reuters Health) - Mothers who are overweight or obese during pregnancy are more likely to have daughters go through early puberty than pregnant women who are a normal weight, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-puberty/obesity-in-pregnancy-linked-toearly-puberty-for-girls-idUSKBN1I52LO 146) More weight loss tied to less knee pain for obese people (Reuters Health) - Obese people with knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease, may find greater symptom relief when they lose larger amounts of weight than when they shed fewer pounds, a recent study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-knees-overweight/more-weight-losstied-to-less-knee-pain-for-obese-people-idUSKBN1JE2RY 147) Obesity-related cancers rising, threatening gains in U.S cancer rates (Reuters) - The rates of 12 obesity-related cancers rose by percent from 2005 to 2014, an increase that is threatening to reverse progress in reducing the rate of cancer in the United States, U.S health officials said on Tuesday https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cancer-obesity/obesity-related-cancersrising-threatening-gains-in-u-s-cancer-rates-idUSKCN1C826R 148) Obese teens with psychiatric issues can still benefit from weight loss surgery (Reuters Health) - Obese teens who have weight loss surgery are likely to lose the same amount of weight regardless of whether they were previously diagnosed with psychiatric problems, a U.S study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-teenbariatric-mental-illness/obese-teenswith-psychiatric-issues-can-still-benefit-from-weight-loss-surgeryidUSKCN1J228Q 149) Even `metabolically healthy‟ obese people have higher heart disease risk (Reuters Health) - People who are considered metabolically healthy may still have a higher risk of developing heart problems if they are obese than they would if they weighed less, a recent study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-obesity-metabolism/even-metabolically97 healthy-obese-people-have-higher-heart-disease-risk-idUSKCN1BM2KE 150) Even obese breast cancer survivors may cut heart disease risk with exercise (Reuters Health) - Exercise can help overweight and obese breast cancer survivors reverse what‟s known as metabolic syndrome - a cluster of conditions like high blood pressure and elevated blood sugar that raise risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes- a new study suggests https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-exercise-breast-cancer/even-obesebreast-cancer-survivors-may-cut-heart-disease-risk-with-exerciseidUSKBN1FK2W8 98 ... online articles about obesity? 2) How to apply the results of the study in teaching, learning cohesive devices and translating headlines and leads of English online articles about obesity into... teaching, learning and translating cohesive devices in headlines and leads of English and Vietnamese online articles about obesity 1.3 Objective of the study To figure out the types of cohesive devices. .. HEADLINES AND LEADS OF ENGLISH ONLINE ARTICLES ABOUT OBESITY AND VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS 39 4.1 Theme – connecting cohesive devices in headline and leads of selected articles with reference to Vietnamese