LPI LINUX CERTIFICATION IN A NUTSHELL LPI LINUX CERTIFICATION IN A NUTSHELL Third Edition Adam Haeder, Stephen Addison Schneiter, Bruno Gomes Pessanha, and James Stanger Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Kưln • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell, Third Edition by Adam Haeder, Stephen Addison Schneiter, Bruno Gomes Pessanha, and James Stanger Copyright © 2010 Adam Haeder, Stephen Addison Schneiter, Bruno Gomes Pessanha, and James Stanger All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472 O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com) For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com Editor: Andy Oram Production Editor: Adam Zaremba Copyeditor: Genevieve d’Entremont Proofreader: Jennifer Knight Indexer: Jay Marchand Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Robert Romano Printing History: May 2001: July 2006: June 2010: First Edition Second Edition Third Edition Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell, the image of a bull, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein TM This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding ISBN: 978-0-596-80487-9 [M] 1276182761 Table of Contents Preface xiii LPI Exams Exam 101 Study Guide Exam Preparation System Architecture (Topic 101.1) Objective 1: Determine and Configure Hardware Settings BIOS USB Topology USB Controllers USB Devices USB Drivers USB Hotplug Reporting Your Hardware Manipulating Modules Device Management Definitions 7 10 10 11 11 12 12 14 20 Change Runlevels and Shut Down or Reboot System (Topics 101.2 and 101.3) 21 Objective 2: Boot the System Boot-time Kernel Parameters Introduction to Kernel Module Configuration Objective 3: Change Runlevels and Shut Down or Reboot System Single-User Mode Overview of the /etc Directory Tree and the init Process 21 21 22 24 25 26 v Setting the Default Runlevel Determining Your System’s Runlevel 28 28 Linux Installation and Package Management (Topic 102) 33 Objective 1: Design a Hard Disk Layout System Considerations Swap Space General Guidelines Objective 2: Install a Boot Manager LILO GRUB Objective 3: Manage Shared Libraries Shared Library Dependencies Linking Shared Libraries Objective 4: Use Debian Package Management Debian Package Management Overview Managing Debian Packages Objective 5: Use Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) RPM Overview Running rpm YUM Overview 34 34 37 38 38 39 41 44 44 45 46 46 47 52 52 53 58 GNU and Unix Commands (Topic 103) 63 Objective 1: Work on the Command Line The Interactive Shell Command History and Editing Manpages Objective 2: Process Text Streams Using Filters Objective 3: Perform Basic File Management Filesystem Objects File-Naming Wildcards (File Globbing) Objective 4: Use Streams, Pipes, and Redirects Standard I/O and Default File Descriptors Pipes Redirection Using the tee Command The xargs Command Objective 5: Create, Monitor, and Kill Processes Processes Process Monitoring Signaling Active Processes Terminating Processes Shell Job Control Objective 6: Modify Process Execution Priorities nice Objective 7: Search Text Files Using Regular Expressions vi | Table of Contents 64 65 71 75 77 91 91 100 102 102 103 104 106 106 107 107 108 115 117 118 120 120 123 Regular Expression Syntax Using grep Using sed Examples Objective 8: Perform Basic File Editing Operations Using vi Invoking vi vi Basics 123 125 127 130 135 135 135 Devices, Linux Filesystems, and the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (Topic 104) 139 Objective 1: Create Partitions and Filesystems Disk Drives Under Linux Objective 2: Maintain the Integrity of Filesystems Monitoring Free Disk Space and Inodes Monitoring Disk Usage Modifying a Filesystem Checking and Repairing Filesystems Objective 3: Control Filesystem Mounting and Unmounting Managing the Filesystem Table Mounting Filesystems Unmounting Filesystems Objective 4: Set and View Disk Quotas Quota Limits Quota Commands Enabling Quotas Objective 5: Manage File Permissions and Ownership Linux Access Control Setting Access Modes Setting Up a Workgroup Directory Objective 6: Create and Change Hard and Symbolic Links Why Links? Objective 7: Find System Files and Place Files in the Correct Location Datatypes The root Filesystem Locating Files 140 140 151 151 153 154 157 161 161 163 166 167 168 169 175 176 176 181 186 187 188 192 193 194 200 Exam 101 Review Questions and Exercises 205 System Architecture (Topic 101) Review Questions Exercises Linux Installation and Package Management (Topic 102) Review Questions Exercises GNU and Unix Commands (Topic 103) Review Questions Exercises 205 205 206 206 206 207 208 208 208 Table of Contents | vii Devices, Linux Filesystems, and the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (Topic 104) Review Questions Exercises 211 211 212 Exam 101 Practice Test 215 Questions Answers 215 226 10 Exam 101 Highlighter’s Index 229 System Architecture Objective 101.1: Determine and Configure Hardware Settings Objective 101.2: Boot the System Objective 101.3: Change Runlevels and Shut Down or Reboot System Linux Installation and Package Management Objective 102.1: Design Hard Disk Layout Objective 102.2: Install a Boot Manager Objective 102.3: Manage Shared Libraries Objective 102.4: Use Debian Package Management Objective 102.5: Use Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) GNU and Unix Commands Objective 103.1: Work on the Command Line Objective 103.2: Process Text Streams Using Filters Objective 103.3: Perform Basic File Management Objective 103.4: Use Streams, Pipes, and Redirects Objective 103.5: Create, Monitor, and Kill Processes Objective 103.6: Modify Process Execution Priorities Objective 103.7: Search Text Files Using Regular Expressions Objective 103.8: Perform Basic File Editing Operations Using vi Devices, Linux Filesystems, and the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Objective 104.1: Create Partitions and Filesystems Objective 104.2: Maintain the Integrity of Filesystems Objective 104.3: Control Filesystem Mounting and Unmounting Objective 104.4: Set and View Disk Quotas Objective 104.5: Manage File Permissions and Ownership Objective 104.6: Create and Change Hard and Symbolic Links Objective 104.7: Find System Files and Place Files in the Correct Location 229 229 230 230 230 230 231 231 232 232 232 232 233 235 237 238 239 239 241 243 243 244 244 246 246 248 248 11 Exam 102 Overview 251 12 Exam 102 Study Guide 253 Exam Preparation viii | Table of Contents 253 ... LPI LINUX CERTIFICATION IN A NUTSHELL LPI LINUX CERTIFICATION IN A NUTSHELL Third Edition Adam Haeder, Stephen Addison Schneiter, Bruno Gomes Pessanha, and James Stanger Beijing • Cambridge... System Table 2-2 Linux installation and package management (Topic 102) Objective Weight Description Design Hard Disk Layout 2 Install a Boot Manager Manage Shared Libraries Use Debian Package Management... Prometric testing centers, the exams are delivered using a PC-based automated examination program As of this writing, the exams are available in English, Japanese, Chinese (both Traditional and Simplified),