I INFINITIVE To-infinitive / Infinitive with to: Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” * Động từ nguyên mẫu có to dùng làm: - Chủ ngữ câu: Ex: To become a famous singer is her dream - Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ: Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand - Tân ngữ động từ Ex: It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home - Tân ngữ tính từ Ex: I’m pleased to see you * V + to-inf - Sau động từ: Agree , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten,… - Trong cấu trúc: + It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf + mục đích + bổ ngữ cho danh từ đại từ: S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf I have some letters to write Is there anything to eat? + It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để Ex: It is interesting to study English + S + be + adj + to-inf Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter + S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf + S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf + S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary - Sau từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau why) Ex: I don’t know what to say * Adj + to-inf: - Hình thức nguyên mẫu có to thường dùng sau số tính từ diễn tả phản ứng cảm xúc người (un)able delighted proud glad ashamed afraid eager surprised anxious pleased amused easy annoyed happy ready * Note: - allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf Ex: She allowed me to use her pen - allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing Ex: She didn’t allow smoking in her room - be allowed / permitted + to-inf Ex: I was allowed to go out with my friends last night Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to (V1): Động từ nguyên mẫu không “to” Động từ nguyên mẫu không to dùng: - Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would,… - Sau động từ: let, make, would rather, had better Ex: They made him repeat the whole story - Các động từ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V1 (chỉ hoàn tất hành động – nghe thấy toàn việc diễn ra) Ex: I saw her get off the bus - Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun Ex: He usually helps his sister to her homework He usually helps his sister her homework He usually helps his sister with her homework II GERUND (V-ing): Danh động từ * Danh động từ dùng làm: - Chủ từ câu: Swimming is my favourite sport - Bổ ngữ động từ: My hobby is collecting stamps - Tân ngữ động từ: I enjoy traveling * V + V-ing - Sau động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hỗn), … - Sau cụm động từ: cant’ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (khơng có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá) - Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about … - Sau liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,… Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room - S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise III INFINITIVE OR GERUND Không thay đổi nghĩa: - begin / start / continue/ like / love + to-inf / V-ing Ex: It started to rain / raining Thay đổi nghĩa: + remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc xảy (trong khứ) + remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, xảy (trong tương lai) Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed I remember meetingyou some where but I can’t know your name Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday + stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc + stop + to-inf: dừng … để … Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper + try + V-ing: thử + try + to-inf: cố gắng + need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần (bị động) + need + to-inf: cần (chủ động) Ex: I need to wash my car My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed + Cấu trúc nhờ vả: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) Bài tập trắc nghiệm Gerund Infinitive Exercise 1: My father usually helps me _ English a to learn b lean c learning d both a and b He was heard _ shout a to b of c by d at This student expected _ the first winner of the Grand Prix a be b being c to be d will be I told her _ about her wedding; everything will straighten out a Don’t worry b not to worry c no worry d not worry May I suggest you let _ a Mary doing so b Mary so c Mary does to d Mary to so She _ him when he called her a pretended not hear b pretended she heard not c pretended not to hear d did not pretend hear The doctor advised _ late a me not staying up b me not stay up c me not to stay up d I did not stay up The school superintendent told me _ a hurrying up b to hurry up c hurry up d hurried up “ _us face the enemies”, shouted the soldiers a Make b Let c Leave d Keep 10 Mr Brown told the schoolgirls _ in class a don’t ear b not to eat c eat not d not eat 11 I have heard Dang Thai Son _ the piano a played b plays c play d to play 12 The young teachers wanted a Foreign Language Teaching workshop _ in Ho Chi Minh City a to be holding b should hold c to be held d to hold 13 _able to take part in the international math contest two years from now, Son works very hard in his math lass a In order to be b Being c Been d So that he be 14 Try _ so many mistakes a not to make b not make c to make not d make not 15 Let me _ from you soon a to hear b hear c hearing d heard 16 John is too stupid _ understand this a to b not to c to not d for 17 The wind is _ to blow the roof off a strong enough b too strong c quiet strong d very strong 18 My father is _ to stay up late a too tired b enough tired c tired enough d so tired 19 John wanted me _ him a to be helping b help c to help d I help 20 I want _ early tomorrow morning a to leave b leaving c me leave d me leaving THE INFINITIVE OR THE GERUND I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets : Tom regrets ( spend ) too much time ( play ) computer games Students stopped ( make ) noise when the teacher came in He’ll try ( not make) the same mistake again Would you mind ( turn ) off the radio ? When you see Tom, remember ( give ) him my regards They postponed ( build ) an elementary school for lack of finance It’s no use ( advise ) him He never allows anybody (give) advice Is there anything here worth ( buy ) ? We missed ( watch ) a football match last night 10 The principal tells him ( come ) in 11 My parents decided ( take ) a taxi because it was late 12 Do you agree ( lend ) me some money ? 13 Tom refused (give) me his address 14 You’ll be able ( ) it yourself when you are older 15 I didn’t know how ( get ) to your house , so I stopped ( ask ) the way 16 We found it very difficult ( reach ) a decision 17 I will remember ( give ) Mr Brown your message 18 She remembers ( be ) taken to the zoo by her mother 19 Do you feel like ( go ) to the concert or would you like ( stay ) at home ? 20 My family is considering (take) a trip to the USA next year 21 The police didn’t permit ( camp ) in this wood for security reasons 22 We don’t allow people ( smoke ) in the lecture room 23 The teacher advised ( review) the grammatical structures carefully 24 He’ s used to ( go ) on foot to work 25 We get used to ( work ) on Sundays 26 She is looking forward to ( see ) her friends 27 Sometimes students avoid ( look ) at the teacher if they don’t want (answer ) a question 28 You should try ( wear ) any shirts you want to buy 29 The teacher recommends us ( prepare) the lessons well before ( come ) to class 30 There are people can’t help ( laugh )when they see someone ( slip ) on a banana skin 31 He went to bed without ( lock ) the doors 32 They don’t have enough patience ( wait ) for him 33 Gravity makes water ( run ) downhill 34 This man let me ( use ) his phone yesterday 35 Are we allowed ( go ) out with Tom ? 36 The teller was made ( raise ) his hands 37 Mary was advised ( stay ) out of the crowd 38 She prefers ( eat ) to ( prepare ) meals 39 When the rainy season comes , you need ( repair ) the roof of the house 40 The flowers need ( water ) but you needn’t ( water ) them now II/ Rewrite the following sentences with the meaning unchanged: Shall we go for a walk ? è What about ………………………………….? Why don’t we visit our teacher ? è I suggest ………………………… I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon è I’m looking …………………… It is really quite easy to learn English è Learning ……………………… I don’t want to go to the movie tonight è I don’t feel like ……………………………… Complaining about the matter is useless now è It is …………………… It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour è It’s better to avoid …………………… I expect that he will get there by lunchtime è I expect him …………………………… I remember someone telling me the news è I remember being……………………… 10 Could you turn the radio down, please? è.Would you mind ……………………………………? ... need ( repair ) the roof of the house 40 The flowers need ( water ) but you needn’t ( water ) them now II/ Rewrite the following sentences with the meaning unchanged: Shall we go for a walk