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Nội dung test bank Giới thiệu về Giải phẫu và Sinh lý học, Cấp độ tổ chức hóa học, Cấp độ tổ chức tế bào, Cấp độ tổ chức, Hệ thống tích hợp, Cấu trúc xương và xương, Bộ xương trục, Bộ xương ruột thừa, Khớp, Mô cơ, Hệ thống cơ bắp , Mô thần kinh, Tủy sống, Thần kinh cột sống và Phản xạ cột sống, Thần kinh não và sọ, Đường dẫn truyền cảm giác và Hệ thần kinh Somatic, Hệ thần kinh tự chủ và Chức năng bậc cao, Các giác quan đặc biệt, Hệ thống nội tiết, Máu Tim, mạch máu và tuần hoàn, hệ thống bạch huyết và miễn dịch, hệ hô hấp, hệ tiêu hóa, trao đổi chất, dinh dưỡng và năng lượng, hệ thống tiết niệu, chất lỏng, chất điện giải và cân bằng axit, hệ thống sinh sản
Chapterȱ10 MuscleȱTissue Multiple Choice Questions 1) Muscleȱtissue,ȱoneȱofȱtheȱfourȱbasicȱtissueȱgroups,ȱconsistsȱchieflyȱofȱcellsȱthatȱareȱhighly specializedȱfor A) conduction B) contraction C) peristalsis D) cushioning E) secretion Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱrecognizedȱfunctionȱofȱskeletalȱmuscle? A) produceȱmovement B) maintainȱposture C) maintainȱbodyȱtemperature D) guardȱbodyȱentrancesȱandȱexits E) Allȱofȱtheȱanswersȱareȱcorrect Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) Atȱeachȱendȱofȱtheȱmuscle,ȱtheȱcollagenȱfibersȱofȱtheȱepimysium,ȱperimysium,ȱand endomysium,ȱcomeȱtogetherȱtoȱformȱa A) tendon B) satelliteȱcell C) ligament D) tenosynovium E) sheath Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Theȱdenseȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱanȱentireȱskeletalȱmuscleȱisȱthe A) tendon B) epimysium C) endomysium D) perimysium E) fascicle Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ295 5) Nervesȱandȱbloodȱvesselsȱthatȱserviceȱaȱmuscleȱfiberȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱofȱits A) endomysium B) perimysium C) sarcolemma D) sarcomere E) myofibrils Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 6) Aȱfascicleȱisȱa A) groupȱofȱmuscleȱfibersȱthatȱareȱencasedȱinȱtheȱperimysium B) layerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱseparatesȱmuscleȱfromȱskin C) groupȱofȱmuscleȱfibersȱthatȱareȱallȱpartȱofȱtheȱsameȱmotorȱunit D) groupȱofȱmuscleȱfibersȱandȱmotorȱneurons E) collectionȱofȱmyofibrilsȱinȱaȱmuscleȱfiber Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 7) Theȱdelicateȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱandȱtiesȱadjacent muscleȱfibersȱtogetherȱisȱthe A) endomysium B) perimysium C) epimysium D) superficialȱfascia E) periosteum Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 8) Theȱbundleȱofȱcollagenȱfibersȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱthatȱattachesȱtheȱmuscleȱtoȱboneȱis calledȱa(n) A) fascicle B) tendon C) ligament D) epimysium E) myofibril Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 296ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 9) Putȱtheȱfollowingȱstructuresȱinȱorderȱfromȱsuperficialȱtoȱdeep muscleȱfiber perimysium myofibril fascicle endomysium epimysium A) 1,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ6 B) 6,ȱ2,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ3 C) 6,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ3 D) 1,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ6,ȱ4,ȱ2 E) 2,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ5 Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 10) A(n)ȱ ȱcanȱbeȱdescribedȱasȱaȱbroadȱtendinousȱsheet A) fasciae B) retinaculum C) aponeurosis D) interstitium E) tympanum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 11) Interactionsȱbetweenȱactinȱandȱmyosinȱfilamentsȱofȱtheȱsarcomereȱareȱresponsibleȱfor A) muscleȱfatigue B) theȱconductionȱofȱneuralȱstimulationȱtoȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber C) muscleȱcontraction D) muscleȱrelaxation E) theȱstripedȱappearanceȱofȱskeletalȱmuscle Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 12) Inȱaȱsarcomere,ȱtheȱcentralȱportionȱofȱthickȱfilamentsȱareȱlinkedȱlaterallyȱbyȱproteinsȱofȱthe A) Zȱline B) Mȱline C) Hȱband D) Aȱband E) Iȱband Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ297 13) Theȱadvantageȱofȱhavingȱmanyȱnucleiȱinȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱisȱtheȱabilityȱto A) contractȱmuchȱmoreȱforcefully B) produceȱmoreȱATPȱwithȱlittleȱoxygen C) storeȱextraȱDNAȱforȱmetabolism D) produceȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱmuscleȱproteins E) produceȱnutrientsȱforȱmuscleȱcontraction Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 14) Skeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱareȱformedȱfromȱembryonicȱcellsȱcalled A) sarcomeres B) myofibrils C) myoblasts D) fascicles E) myomeres Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 15) Theȱrepeatingȱunitȱofȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱisȱthe A) sarcolemma B) sarcomere C) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum D) myofibril E) myofilament Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 16) Theȱplasmaȱmembraneȱofȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱisȱcalledȱthe A) sarcolemma B) sarcomere C) sarcosome D) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum E) sarcoplasm Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱsarcomere? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 298ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 18) MuscleȱfibersȱdifferȱfromȱȈtypicalȱcellsȈȱinȱthatȱmuscleȱfibers A) lackȱaȱplasmaȱmembrane B) haveȱmanyȱnuclei C) areȱveryȱsmall D) lackȱmitochondria E) haveȱlargeȱgapsȱinȱtheȱcellȱmembrane Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 19) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱandȱreleaseȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 20) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱZȱline? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 21) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱsarcomereȱcontainingȱtheȱthickȱfilamentsȱisȱthe A) Zȱline B) Mȱline C) Hȱband D) Aȱband E) Iȱband Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 22) Theȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcomplexȱknownȱasȱtheȱtriadȱconsistsȱof A) actin,ȱmyosin,ȱandȱtitinȱfilaments B) aȱtransverseȱtubuleȱandȱtwoȱterminalȱcisternae C) filaments,ȱmyofibrils,ȱandȱsarcomeres D) Aȱbands,ȱHȱbands,ȱandȱIȱbands E) actin,ȱmyosin,ȱandȱsarcomeres Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ299 23) TheȱareaȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱAȱbandȱthatȱcontainsȱnoȱthinȱfilamentsȱisȱthe A) Zȱline B) Mȱline C) Hȱband D) Iȱband E) zoneȱofȱoverlap Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 24) Atȱrest,ȱtheȱtropomyosinȱmoleculeȱisȱheldȱinȱplaceȱby A) actinȱmolecules B) myosinȱmolecules C) troponinȱmolecules D) ATPȱmolecules E) calciumȱions Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 25) Eachȱthinȱfilamentȱconsistsȱof A) twoȱactinȱproteinȱstrandsȱcoiledȱhelicallyȱaroundȱeachȱother B) chainsȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules C) sixȱmoleculesȱcoiledȱintoȱaȱhelicalȱstructure D) aȱrod-shapedȱstructureȱwithȱȈheadsȈȱprojectingȱfromȱeachȱend E) aȱdoubleȱstrandȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 26) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱsarcomereȱthatȱalwaysȱcontainsȱthinȱfilamentsȱisȱthe A) Zȱline B) Mȱline C) Hȱband D) Aȱband E) Iȱband Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 27) Atȱrest,ȱactiveȱsitesȱonȱtheȱactinȱareȱblockedȱby A) myosinȱmolecules B) troponinȱmolecules C) tropomyosinȱmolecules D) calciumȱions E) ATPȱmolecules Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 300ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 28) Theȱseriesȱofȱmembranousȱchannelsȱthatȱsurroundȱeachȱmyofibrilȱisȱthe A) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum B) sarcoplasm C) sarcomere D) sarcolemma E) endomysium Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 29) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱproteinsȱareȱpartȱofȱtheȱthinȱfilamentsȱexcept A) actin B) tropomyosin C) troponin D) titin E) Noneȱofȱtheȱanswersȱisȱcorrect;ȱthereȱareȱnoȱexceptions Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 30) Whenȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱcontracts,ȱthe A) HȱbandsȱandȱIȱbandsȱgetȱlarger B) zonesȱofȱoverlapȱgetȱlarger C) Zȱlinesȱmoveȱfurtherȱapart D) widthȱofȱtheȱAȱbandȱincreases E) Allȱofȱtheȱanswersȱareȱcorrect Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 31) Sinceȱeachȱmyofibrilȱisȱattachedȱatȱeitherȱendȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber,ȱwhenȱsarcomeresȱshorten,ȱthe muscleȱfiber A) lengthens B) shortens C) strengthens D) weakens E) pullsȱfromȱtheȱmiddle Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ301 Figureȱ10-1ȱSkeletalȱMuscleȱFiber UseȱFigureȱ10-1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 32) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) mitochondria B) glycogen C) ATP D) myofibril E) synapticȱvesicle Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 33) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3Ȉ? A) actin B) myosin C) titin D) tropomyosin E) Allȱofȱtheȱanswersȱareȱcorrect Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 302ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 34) WhatȱphysiologicalȱprocessȱoccursȱinȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7Ȉ? A) releaseȱofȱneurotransmitter B) conductionȱofȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱintoȱtheȱcellȱinterior C) activityȱofȱacetylcholinesterase D) releaseȱofȱproteinȱandȱcalciumȱionsȱintoȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber E) openingȱofȱsodiumȱchannelsȱandȱsubsequentȱinfluxȱofȱsodium Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 35) WhatȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ9Ȉ? A) sarcoplasm B) acetylcholine C) protein D) calciumȱions E) acetylcholinesterase Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 36) Whereȱwouldȱcalciumȱionsȱbeȱpredominatelyȱfound? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 37) Whichȱstructureȱhasȱpumpsȱtoȱremoveȱcalciumȱionsȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmȱtoȱproduce relaxation? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 38) Whereȱareȱtheȱmyosinȱmoleculesȱlocated? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ303 39) Whichȱstructureȱcontainsȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate? A) B) C) D) E) Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 40) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱwhereȱATPȱisȱproduced A) B) C) D) E) Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 41) Identifyȱtheȱstructure(s)ȱwhereȱATPȱisȱconsumed? A) B) C) 3ȱandȱ6 D) E) 3ȱandȱ7 Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 42) Activeȱsitesȱonȱtheȱactinȱbecomeȱavailableȱforȱbindingȱafter A) actinȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin B) troponinȱbindsȱtoȱtropomyosin C) calciumȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin D) calciumȱbindsȱtoȱtropomyosin E) myosinȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 43) Theȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱconductedȱintoȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱby A) motorȱendȱplates B) neuromuscularȱjunctions C) transverseȱtubules D) triads E) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 312ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 79) Theȱroleȱofȱacetylcholinesteraseȱisȱto A) bindȱtoȱligandȱgatedȱsodiumȱchannels B) activateȱacetylcholine C) releaseȱacetylcholineȱintoȱtheȱsynapticȱcleft D) transportȱacetylcholineȱacrossȱtheȱsynapticȱcleft E) breakȱdownȱacetylcholineȱintoȱacetateȱandȱcholineȱcomponents Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 80) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱofȱacetylcholine? A) Itȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorȱmembraneȱchannels B) Itȱdiffusesȱacrossȱtheȱsynapticȱcleft C) Itȱisȱstoredȱinȱtheȱneuronȱinȱvesicles D) Itȱentersȱtheȱmuscleȱfiberȱtoȱreleaseȱcalciumȱformȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum E) Itȱisȱdigestedȱbyȱacetylcholinesterase Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 81) Putȱtheȱfollowingȱeventsȱofȱexcitation-contractionȱcouplingȱinȱtheȱorderȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱoccur 1.ȱExcitation 2.ȱSarcomereȱshortening 3.ȱGenerationȱofȱmuscleȱtension 4.ȱNeuralȱcontrol 5.ȱContractionȱcycleȱbegins 6.ȱReleaseȱofȱcalciumȱions A) 4,1,5,2,6,3 B) 4,1,6,5,2,3 C) 1,2,5,6,3,4 D) 6,1,4,2,5,3 E) 1,4,6,2,5,3 Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 82) Putȱtheȱfollowingȱeventsȱofȱtheȱneuromuscularȱjunctionȱinȱtheȱorderȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱoccur 1.ȱActionȱpotentialȱisȱpropagatedȱinȱtheȱsarcolemma 2.ȱAcetylcholineȱbindsȱtoȱligandȱgatedȱsodiumȱchannels 3.ȱActionȱpotentialȱarrivesȱatȱtheȱneuromuscularȱjunction 4.ȱVesiclesȱfullȱofȱacetylcholineȱareȱstoredȱatȱtheȱaxonȱterminal 5.ȱAcetylcholineȱisȱreleasedȱintoȱtheȱsynapticȱcleft A) 4,3,5,2,1 B) 4,3,5,1,2 C) 4,5,3,2,1 D) 4,3,1,5,2 E) 4,1,3,2,5 Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ313 83) Putȱtheȱfollowingȱeventsȱofȱtheȱcontractionȱcycleȱinȱtheȱorderȱinȱwhichȱtheyȱoccur 1.ȱCross-bridgeȱdetachment 2.ȱCross-bridgeȱformation 3.ȱActiveȱsiteȱexposure 4.ȱMyosinȱreactivation 5.ȱCalciumȱionsȱbindȱtroponin 6.ȱMyosinȱheadȱpivoting A) 5,3,6,2,1,4 B) 5,3,2,6,4,1 C) 5,3,2,6,1,4 D) 5,3,6,2,4,1 E) 3,5,2,6,1,4 Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 84) Theȱrapidȱriseȱandȱfallȱinȱforceȱproducedȱbyȱaȱmuscleȱfiberȱafterȱaȱsingleȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱa(n) A) tetanus B) unfusedȱtetanus C) twitch D) motorȱendȱplateȱpotential E) muscleȱactionȱpotential Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 85) Whenȱaȱmuscleȱisȱstimulatedȱrepeatedlyȱatȱaȱhighȱrate,ȱtheȱamountȱofȱtensionȱgradually increasesȱtoȱaȱsteadyȱmaximumȱtension.ȱThisȱstateȱofȱmaximumȱtensionȱisȱcalled A) incompleteȱtetanus B) completeȱtetanus C) aȱtwitch D) waveȱsummation E) recruitment Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 86) Aȱmuscleȱproducingȱalmostȱpeakȱtensionȱduringȱrapidȱcyclesȱofȱcontractionȱandȱrelaxationȱis saidȱtoȱbeȱin A) incompleteȱtetanus B) completeȱtetanus C) treppe D) waveȱsummation E) recruitment Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 314ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 87) Ifȱaȱsecondȱstimulusȱarrivesȱbeforeȱtheȱrelaxationȱphaseȱhasȱended,ȱaȱsecond,ȱmoreȱpowerful contractionȱoccurs.ȱThisȱadditionȱofȱoneȱtwitchȱtoȱanotherȱisȱcalled A) incompleteȱtetanus B) completeȱtetanus C) treppe D) waveȱsummation E) recruitment Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ315 Figureȱ10-2ȱMuscleȱContractions UseȱFigureȱ10-2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 88) Whatȱisȱtheȱcontractionȱinȱgraphȱ(a)ȱcalled? A) completeȱtetanus B) incompleteȱtetanus C) twitch D) waveȱsummation E) treppe Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 316ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 89) Whatȱisȱthoughtȱtoȱhappenȱinȱaȱmuscleȱduringȱtheȱresponseȱshownȱinȱgraphȱ(a)? A) Itȱisȱstrengtheningȱwithȱexercise B) Thereȱisȱaȱgradualȱincreaseȱinȱcalciumȱionȱconcentrationȱinȱtheȱsarcoplasm C) Itȱisȱfatiguedȱandȱmustȱmakeȱrepeatedȱeffortsȱtoȱtwitchȱnormally D) Itȱisȱagedȱandȱhasȱlostȱcontractileȱproteins E) ItȱisȱproducingȱmoreȱATPȱasȱtensionȱincreases Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 90) Toȱproduceȱaȱcontractionȱsimilarȱtoȱtheȱoneȱinȱgraphȱ(b),ȱtheȱmuscle A) mustȱbeȱstimulatedȱtoȱtheȱpointȱofȱfatigue B) mustȱbeȱstimulatedȱagainȱbeforeȱitȱhasȱrelaxedȱfromȱtheȱpreviousȱstimulation C) isȱexcitedȱbyȱaȱstimulusȱofȱincreasingȱintensity D) mustȱgoȱthroughȱaȱrapidȱseriesȱofȱisolatedȱtwitches E) generatesȱmoreȱandȱmoreȱthinȱandȱthickȱfilaments Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 91) Whyȱisȱthereȱpartialȱrelaxationȱinȱgraphȱ(c)? A) Calciumȱionȱreleaseȱisȱslow B) Theȱmuscleȱisȱstartingȱtoȱfatigue C) Stimulationȱintensityȱisȱfluctuating D) ATPȱreservesȱareȱcycling E) Nerveȱstimulationȱfrequencyȱisȱbelowȱmaximum Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 92) Whatȱisȱtheȱcontractionȱinȱgraphȱ(d)ȱcalled? A) completeȱtetanus B) incompleteȱtetanus C) twitch D) waveȱsummation E) treppe Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 93) Aȱsingleȱcontraction-relaxationȱcycleȱinȱaȱmuscleȱfiberȱproducesȱa(n) A) cramp B) twitch C) tetanicȱcontraction D) actionȱpotential E) motorȱunit Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ317 94) Aȱmuscleȱproducesȱitsȱhighestȱtensionȱwhenȱinȱcomplete A) recovery B) treppe C) waveȱsummation D) aerobicȱmetabolism E) tetanus Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 95) Duringȱtheȱtimeȱwhenȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱmovesȱthroughȱtheȱsarcolemmaȱaȱmuscleȱtwitchȱis in A) contractionȱphase B) relaxationȱphase C) stimulusȱphase D) latentȱperiod E) isotonicȱperiod Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 96) Theȱpointȱinȱaȱmuscleȱtwitchȱwhenȱtheȱtroponinȱisȱboundȱtoȱcalciumȱisȱcalledȱthe A) contractionȱphase B) relaxationȱphase C) stimulusȱphase D) latentȱperiod E) isotonicȱperiod Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 97) Detachmentȱofȱmyosinȱcross-bridgesȱoccursȱduringȱthe A) contractionȱphase B) relaxationȱphase C) stimulusȱphase D) latentȱperiod E) isotonicȱperiod Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 98) Aȱsingleȱmotorȱneuronȱtogetherȱwithȱallȱtheȱmuscleȱfibersȱitȱinnervatesȱisȱcalledȱa(n) A) endȱfoot B) endȱplate C) motorȱunit D) dermatome E) myotome Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 318ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 99) Theȱincreaseȱinȱmuscleȱtensionȱthatȱisȱproducedȱbyȱincreasingȱtheȱnumberȱofȱactiveȱmotorȱunits isȱcalled A) incompleteȱtetanus B) completeȱtetanus C) treppe D) waveȱsummation E) recruitment Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 100) Theȱtypeȱofȱcontractionȱinȱwhichȱtheȱmuscleȱfibersȱdoȱnotȱshortenȱisȱcalled A) tetany B) treppe C) concentric D) isotonic E) isometric Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 101) Aȱweight-lifterȱstrainsȱtoȱliftȱaȱheavyȱweightȱandȱthereȱisȱnoȱmovementȱofȱtheȱpersonȇsȱarms holdingȱonȱtoȱtheȱweight.ȱThisȱtypeȱofȱcontractionȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ ȱcontraction A) isometric B) tetanus C) isotonic D) treppe E) concentric Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 102) Youȱtryȱtoȱpickȱupȱanȱobjectȱandȱdiscoverȱthatȱitȱisȱmuchȱheavierȱthanȱyouȱexpected.ȱWhich processȱmustȱoccurȱinȱtheȱmuscleȱtoȱincreaseȱtensionȱsoȱyouȱcanȱpickȱupȱtheȱobject? A) waveȱsummation B) isotonicȱcontraction C) completeȱtetanus D) recruitment E) treppe Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ319 103) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱtheȱmotorȱunitsȱhaveȱtheȱfewest muscleȱfibers? A) musclesȱofȱtheȱneck B) posturalȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱback C) musclesȱthatȱcontrolȱtheȱeyes D) thighȱmuscles E) calfȱmuscles Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 104) Inȱanȱisotonicȱcontraction, A) muscleȱtensionȱexceedsȱtheȱloadȱandȱtheȱmuscleȱliftsȱtheȱload B) tensionȱrisesȱandȱfallsȱbutȱtheȱmuscleȱlengthȱisȱconstant C) theȱpeakȱtensionȱisȱlessȱthanȱtheȱload D) manyȱtwitchesȱalwaysȱfuseȱintoȱone E) posturalȱmusclesȱstabilizeȱtheȱvertebrae Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 105) Identifyȱtheȱincorrectȱstatementȱaboutȱaȱsingleȱmotorȱunit A) Theȱmoreȱneuronsȱinvolved,ȱtheȱmoreȱpowerfulȱtheȱcontraction B) Theȱsmallerȱtheȱnumberȱofȱmuscleȱfibers,ȱtheȱmoreȱpreciseȱtheȱmovement C) Fineȱmotorȱskillsȱdependȱonȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱsmallȱmotorȱunits D) Someȱmotorȱunitsȱincludeȱasȱmanyȱasȱ2000ȱmuscleȱfibers E) Muscleȱfibersȱofȱoneȱmotorȱunitȱintermingleȱwithȱtheȱfibersȱofȱanotherȱmotorȱunit Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 106) Theȱtypeȱofȱcontractionȱwhereȱtheȱtensionȱexceedsȱtheȱloadȱisȱcalled A) isometricȱcontraction B) isotonicȱeccentricȱcontraction C) isotonicȱconcentricȱcontraction D) isometricȱconcentricȱcontraction E) isometricȱeccentricȱcontraction Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 107) Theȱtypeȱofȱcontractionȱwhereȱtheȱtensionȱisȱlessȱthanȱtheȱloadȱisȱcalled A) isometricȱcontraction B) isotonicȱeccentricȱcontraction C) isotonicȱconcentricȱcontraction D) isometricȱconcentricȱcontraction E) isometricȱeccentricȱcontraction Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 320ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 108) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱallowsȱmusclesȱtoȱreturnȱtoȱtheirȱoriginalȱshapeȱduringȱrelaxation? A) gravity B) opposingȱmuscleȱcontractions C) elasticȱforces D) myosinȱbinding E) gravity,ȱopposingȱmuscleȱcontractions,ȱandȱelasticȱforces Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 109) AȱrestingȱmuscleȱgeneratesȱmostȱofȱitsȱATPȱby A) hydrolysisȱofȱcreatineȱphosphate B) anaerobicȱrespiration C) aerobicȱmetabolismȱofȱfattyȱacids D) glycogenolysis E) theȱtricarboxylicȱacidȱcycle Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 110) Creatineȱphosphate A) isȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱprocessȱofȱanaerobicȱrespiration B) canȱreplaceȱATPȱinȱbindingȱtoȱmyosinȱmoleculesȱduringȱcontraction C) actsȱasȱanȱenergyȱreserveȱinȱmuscleȱtissue D) isȱonlyȱformedȱduringȱstrenuousȱexercise E) cannotȱtransferȱitsȱphosphateȱgroupȱtoȱADP Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 111) Duringȱanaerobicȱglycolysis, A) ATPȱisȱproduced B) pyruvicȱacidȱisȱproduced C) oxygenȱisȱnotȱconsumed D) carbohydrateȱisȱmetabolized E) Allȱofȱtheȱanswersȱareȱcorrect Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 112) Aerobicȱmetabolismȱnormallyȱprovidesȱ ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱATPȱdemandsȱofȱaȱresting muscleȱcell A) 25 B) 50 C) 70 D) 95 E) 100 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ321 113) Duringȱtheȱrecoveryȱperiodȱfollowingȱexercise,ȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱexcept A) lacticȱacidȱisȱremovedȱfromȱmuscleȱcells B) theȱmuscleȱactivelyȱproducesȱATP C) muscleȱfibersȱareȱunableȱtoȱcontract D) oxygenȱisȱconsumedȱatȱaboveȱtheȱrestingȱrate E) heatȱisȱgenerated Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 114) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱdirectlyȱstimulatesȱgrowthȱofȱmuscleȱtissue,ȱleadingȱto increasedȱmuscleȱmass? A) epinephrine B) thyroidȱhormone C) testosterone D) parathyroidȱhormone E) calcitonin Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 115) Howȱwouldȱanȱelevatedȱlevelȱofȱthyroidȱhormoneȱinȱtheȱbodyȱaffectȱskeletalȱmuscles? A) Itȱwouldȱstimulateȱatrophy B) Itȱwouldȱstimulateȱhypertrophy C) Itȱwouldȱstimulateȱenergyȱuseȱandȱheatȱproduction D) Itȱwouldȱdecreaseȱheatȱproductionȱbyȱmuscleȱtissue E) Itȱwouldȱcauseȱanȱincreaseȱinȱmuscleȱmass Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 116) Heatȱenergyȱgainedȱfromȱmuscleȱcontractionȱisȱreleasedȱbyȱtheȱ ȱsystem A) integumentary B) respiratory C) cardiovascular D) urinary E) endocrine Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 117) Theȱtypeȱofȱmuscleȱfiberȱthatȱisȱmostȱresistantȱtoȱfatigueȱisȱtheȱ ȱfiber A) fast B) slow C) intermediate D) anaerobic E) high-density Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 322ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 118) Fastȱfibers A) haveȱlowȱresistanceȱtoȱfatigue B) relyȱonȱaerobicȱmetabolism C) haveȱmanyȱmitochondria D) haveȱtwitchesȱwithȱaȱveryȱbriefȱcontractionȱphase E) haveȱlowȱresistanceȱtoȱfatigueȱandȱquickȱtwitches Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 119) Musclesȱthatȱmoveȱtheȱeyeballȱhaveȱ ȱfibers A) fast B) slow C) intermediate D) circular E) Allȱofȱtheȱanswersȱareȱcorrect Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 120) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱis/areȱfalse regardingȱhumanȱmuscles? A) Mostȱhaveȱbothȱslowȱandȱfastȱfibers B) Slowȱfibersȱareȱabundantȱinȱtheȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱhand C) Eyeȱmusclesȱareȱcomposedȱentirelyȱofȱfastȱfibers D) Slowȱfibersȱareȱabundantȱinȱtheȱbackȱmuscles E) Allȱofȱtheȱanswersȱareȱcorrect;ȱnoneȱofȱthemȱareȱtrueȱregardingȱhumanȱmuscles Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 121) Large-diameter,ȱdenselyȱpackedȱmyofibrils,ȱlargeȱglycogenȱreserves,ȱandȱfewȱmitochondria areȱcharacteristicsȱof A) slowȱfibers B) intermediateȱfibers C) fastȱfibers D) redȱmuscles E) fattyȱmuscles Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ323 122) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱmuscleȱfibersȱareȱbestȱadaptedȱforȱprolongedȱcontractionȱsuch asȱstandingȱallȱday? A) uninucleatedȱfibers B) striatedȱfibers C) fastȱfibers D) slowȱfibers E) intermediateȱfibers Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 123) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱeffectȱofȱagingȱonȱtheȱmuscularȱsystem? A) hypertrophy B) smallerȱmuscleȱfibers C) decreasedȱrecoveryȱfromȱmuscleȱinjuries D) exerciseȱtoleranceȱdecreases E) musclesȱbecomeȱlessȱelastic Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 124) Theȱabilityȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱtoȱfunctionȱoverȱaȱwideȱrangeȱofȱlengthsȱisȱcalled A) elasticity B) contractility C) extensibility D) plasticity E) variability Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 125) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱcharacteristicȱofȱsmoothȱmuscle? A) Theȱstriationsȱareȱdueȱtoȱtheȱorderlyȱarrangementȱofȱactinȱandȱmyosin B) Neuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱsmoothȱmusclesȱareȱunderȱinvoluntaryȱcontrol C) Smoothȱmuscleȱcellsȱareȱuninucleate D) Smoothȱmusclesȱdoȱnotȱcontainȱsarcomeres E) Theȱthinȱfilamentsȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱfibersȱareȱattachedȱtoȱdenseȱbodies Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 126) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱtissue? A) alteringȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassageways B) elevatingȱhairsȱonȱtheȱarm C) forcingȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱheartȱintoȱtheȱmajorȱarteries D) movingȱfoodȱmaterialsȱalongȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract E) forcingȱurineȱoutȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱtract Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 324ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 127) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrue aboutȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱcardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱandȱskeletal muscleȱcells? A) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱstriationsȱlikeȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcells B) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱt-tubules C) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱsarcomeres D) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱhaveȱintercalatedȱdiscsȱwhereȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcellsȱdoȱnot E) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱhaveȱmoreȱnucleiȱinȱthemȱthanȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcells Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 10-9 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding In-Text Figure Based Questions 1) TheȱterminalȱcisternaeȱthatȱformȱaȱtriadȱalongȱwithȱaȱTȱtubuleȱareȱpartȱofȱwhatȱorganelle? (Figureȱ10-3) A) endoplasmicȱreticulum B) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum C) Golgiȱapparatus D) myofibril E) sarcolemma Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Matchȱtheȱlevelȱofȱorganizationȱwithȱtheȱstructureȱthatȱsurroundsȱit:ȱLevelȱofȱorganization: skeletalȱmuscle,ȱmuscleȱfascicle,ȱmuscleȱfiber,ȱmyofibrilȱSurroundingȱstructure:ȱendomysium, epimysium,ȱperimysium,ȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum.ȱ(Figureȱ10-6) A) skeletalȱmuscleNepimysium;ȱmuscleȱfascicleNperimysium;ȱmuscleȱfiberNendomysium; myofibrilNȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum B) skeletalȱmuscleNsarcoplasmicȱreticulum;ȱmuscleȱfascicleNepimysium;ȱmuscleȱfiber Nperimysium;ȱmyofibrilNendomysium C) skeletalȱmuscleNendomysium;ȱmuscleȱfascicleNepimysium;ȱmuscleȱfiberNperimysium; myofibrilNȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum D) skeletalȱmuscleNendomysium;ȱmuscleȱfascicleNperimysium;ȱmuscleȱfiberNsarcoplasmic reticulum;ȱmyofibrilNepimysium E) skeletalȱmuscleNepimysium;ȱmuscleȱfascicleNendomysium;ȱmuscleȱfiberNperimysium; myofibrilNȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) Whatȱhappensȱtoȱsarcomereȱlengthȱifȱtheȱzoneȱofȱoverlapȱisȱdecreased?ȱ(Figureȱ10-14) A) sarcomereȱlengthȱdecreases B) sarcomereȱlengthȱstaysȱtheȱsame C) sarcomereȱlengthȱincreases Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 10-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ10ȱȱMuscleȱTissueȱȱȱ325 4) WhichȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱtypeNslowȱorȱfastNcontainsȱmoreȱmitochondria?ȱ(Figureȱ10-21) A) slow B) fast Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Essay Questions 1) Describeȱtheȱbasicȱsequenceȱofȱeventsȱthatȱoccursȱasȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱarrivesȱatȱthe neuromuscularȱjunctionȱandȱisȱtransmittedȱtoȱtheȱmuscleȱcell Answer: Theȱactionȱpotentialȱtriggersȱtheȱexocytosisȱofȱneurotransmittersȱstoredȱinȱvesiclesȱinȱthe axonȱterminal.ȱThisȱacetylcholineȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate,ȱincreasing theȱmuscleȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱsodium.ȱAcetylcholinesteraseȱdestroysȱthe acetylcholine,ȱensuringȱthatȱeachȱnerveȱactionȱpotentialȱproducesȱonlyȱaȱsingleȱtwitch Theȱinfluxȱofȱtheseȱpositiveȱsodiumȱionsȱtriggersȱanȱactionȱpotential.ȱTheȱaction potentialȱspreadsȱinȱbothȱdirectionsȱawayȱfromȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplateȱacrossȱtheȱentire surfaceȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱfiberȱandȱintoȱtheȱinteriorȱviaȱtransverseȱtubules,ȱtriggeringȱaȱpulse ofȱcalciumȱionȱreleaseȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum,ȱwhichȱgeneratesȱaȱbriefȱsmall twitch.ȱWithȱadditionalȱstimuli,ȱcalciumȱionȱbuildsȱupȱandȱhigherȱtensionsȱare produced LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 2) Aȱhypotheticalȱgeneticȱdiseaseȱcausesȱtheȱbodyȱtoȱproduceȱantibodiesȱthatȱcompeteȱwith acetylcholineȱforȱreceptorsȱonȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate.ȱPatientsȱwithȱthisȱdiseaseȱexhibitȱvarying degreesȱofȱmuscleȱweaknessȱinȱtheȱaffectedȱmuscles.ȱIfȱyouȱcouldȱadministerȱaȱdrugȱthat inhibitsȱacetylcholinesteraseȱorȱaȱdrugȱthatȱblocksȱacetylcholine,ȱwhichȱoneȱwouldȱyouȱuseȱto alleviateȱtheseȱsymptoms? Answer: Thisȱisȱaȱcaseȱofȱcompetitionȱbetweenȱacetylcholineȱandȱtheȱantibody.ȱToȱmakeȱthe patientȇsȱacetylcholineȱmoreȱeffective,ȱaȱdrugȱthatȱinhibitsȱacetylcholinesteraseȱwould slowȱtheȱbreakdownȱofȱacetylcholine,ȱrelievingȱsomeȱofȱtheȱweakness.ȱAnȱacetylcholine blockerȱwouldȱbeȱworseȱthanȱdoingȱnothing LearningȱOutcome: 10-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 3) Describeȱaȱmotorȱunit.ȱHowȱmanyȱfibersȱdoesȱaȱmotorȱunitȱcontain? Answer: Aȱmotorȱunitȱconsistsȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱcontrolledȱbyȱaȱsingleȱmotor neuron.ȱTheyȱmayȱhaveȱasȱfewȱasȱ10ȱfibersȱ(eyeȱmuscles)ȱorȱasȱmanyȱasȱ10,000ȱ(back muscles) LearningȱOutcome: 10-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 326ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 4) ThirtyȱminutesȱafterȱMaryȱhasȱcompletedȱaȱ25 -kmȱrace,ȱsheȱbeginsȱtoȱnoticeȱsevereȱmuscle sorenessȱandȱstiffnessȱinȱherȱlegs.ȱHerȱurineȱisȱdarkȱcolored.ȱSheȱwondersȱwhetherȱsheȱmay haveȱdamagedȱherȱmusclesȱduringȱtheȱrace.ȱSheȱvisitsȱtheȱER,ȱandȱtheȱdoctorȱordersȱseveral bloodȱtests.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱbloodȱtestsȱcanȱhelpȱdetermineȱwhetherȱmuscleȱdamageȱhas occurred? Answer: Ifȱmuscleȱdamageȱoccurred,ȱtheȱdoctorȱwouldȱfindȱenzymesȱsuchȱasȱcreatineȱkinaseȱand proteinsȱsuchȱasȱmyoglobinȱorȱtroponinȱinȱtheȱbloodstreamȱreleasedȱbyȱinjuredȱskeletal muscleȱcells.ȱTheȱlevelȱofȱtheseȱsubstancesȱcorrelatesȱwithȱtheȱseverityȱofȱtheȱinjury LearningȱOutcome: 10-7 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 5) Meganȱwantsȱtoȱenterȱaȱweight-liftingȱcompetitionȱandȱconsultsȱyouȱasȱtoȱwhatȱtypeȱofȱmuscle fibersȱsheȱneedsȱtoȱdevelopȱandȱhowȱsheȱshouldȱgoȱaboutȱit.ȱWhatȱwouldȱyouȱsuggestȱtoȱher? Answer: Weightȱliftingȱrequiresȱanaerobicȱendurance.ȱMeganȱwouldȱwantȱtoȱdevelopȱherȱfast fibersȱforȱshort-termȱmaximumȱstrength.ȱSheȱwouldȱachieveȱthisȱbyȱengagingȱin activitiesȱthatȱinvolveȱfrequent,ȱbrief,ȱbutȱintensiveȱworkouts,ȱsuchȱasȱwithȱheavy weightsȱtoȱtheȱpointȱofȱmuscleȱfatigue.ȱTheȱfatigueȱtriggersȱtheȱproductionȱofȱnew myofilamentȱproteins,ȱleadingȱtoȱmuscleȱbulkȱandȱstrength LearningȱOutcome: 10-8 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 6) Manyȱvisceralȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcellsȱlackȱmotorȱneuronȱinnervation.ȱHowȱareȱtheirȱcontractions coordinatedȱandȱcontrolled? Answer: Gapȱjunctionsȱinterconnectȱvisceralȱsmoothȱmuscleȱfibers.ȱAnȱactionȱpotentialȱthat beginsȱinȱoneȱwillȱspreadȱtoȱitsȱsurroundingȱneighbors.ȱTheȱactionȱpotentialȱcanȱbe triggeredȱbyȱstretching,ȱhormones,ȱchemicalȱchanges,ȱorȱstimulationȱatȱaȱmyoneural junctionȱonȱaȱdistantȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcell LearningȱOutcome: 10-10 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc ... Theȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcomplexȱknownȱasȱtheȱtriadȱconsists of A) actin,ȱmyosin, and titinȱfilaments B) aȱtransverseȱtubule and twoȱterminalȱcisternae C) filaments,ȱmyofibrils, and sarcomeres D) Aȱbands,ȱHȱbands, and Iȱbands E) actin,ȱmyosin, and sarcomeres... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 300ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 28) Theȱseries of membranousȱchannelsȱthatȱsurroundȱeachȱmyofibrilȱisȱthe A) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum... 304ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 44) Theȱmostȱimportantȱfactorȱinȱdecreasingȱtheȱintracellularȱconcentration of calciumȱionȱafter contractionȱis A) activeȱtransport of calciumȱacrossȱtheȱsarcolemma