BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 TÁC GIẢ & NHÓM THỰC HIỆN Đinh Thắng Giáo viên dạy IELTS Hà Nội từ năm 2012 Chứng ngành ngôn ngữ Anh, đại học Brighton, Anh Quốc, 2016 Từng làm việc tổ chức giáo dục quốc tế Language Link Việt Nam (2011-2012) Đạt học bổng bán phần (75%) khóa học thạc sỹ nằm chương trình Erasmus Mundus Facebook: dinhthangielts Website: www ielts-dinhthang.com Cùng bạn Luyện Linh, Thu Anh, Đức Duy, Quốc Anh Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC SÁCH BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION Phần Hiểu bố cục đoạn văn Trong sách này, nhóm làm sách giới thiệu cách bố cục thông tin đoạn văn mà học nên biết để nắm cách triển khai nội dung đọc văn học thuật Đó 1- Discursive passage 2- Descriptive passage 3- Argumentative passage Phần Luyện tập phân tích để hiểu nghĩa câu dài khó Nhóm làm sách khuyên bạn nên thực 04 bước để hiểu câu dài Bước 1: Xác định SVO Chính Phụ câu Đặc biệt V - động từ Đối với SVO chính, bạn khó mà hiểu ý nghĩa câu SVO bị lược bỏ Để tìm SVO bạn nên tìm động từ trước, động từ thường thành phần ngắn chủ ngữ tân ngữ dài Bạn cần ý câu có số động từ 2,3 nhiều Đối với SVO phụ, bị lược bỏ, người đọc hiểu dụng ý người viết (SVO phụ thường Mệnh đề quan hệ, MĐQH rút gọn, Ving O ) Bước 2: Xác định phần bị lược, chuyển đổi cấu trúc đơn giản Một số câu người viết sử dụng cấu trúc câu phức tạp Đảo ngữ, hay rút gọn câu khiến người đọc hiểu nhầm cảm thấy khó hiểu Việc chuyển đổi câu cấu trúc thông thường, tách câu dài thành nhiều câu đơn giúp câu trở nên sáng tỏ Bước 3: Tóm lược ý câu Sau bước 2, bạn phần hiểu dụng ý người viết Tuy nhiên, câu dài Việc tóm gọn lại ý với cách dùng từ cấu trúc đơn giản giúp bạn nhớ ý câu dễ dàng Bước 4: Dịch nghĩa tiếng Việt Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Phần dịch nghĩa tiếng Việt đưa vào để giúp bạn hiểu triệt để số câu phức tạp Nhóm khơng khuyến khích bạn q lệ thuộc vào phần Phần nên tham khảo sau bạn thực bước Đối với sách này, bạn tìm câu tương ứng đọc thử xác định SVO trước đối chiếu với sách Sau học xong, bạn áp dụng cách làm với câu có cấu trúc phức tạp khác mà bạn gặp phải làm đọc Khi bạn làm nhuần nhuyễn, khơng cần phải qua bước, cần lướt qua bạn nắm ý câu Hãy nhớ “Practice makes perfect”! Nếu có câu khiến bạn cảm thấy khó hiểu, chia sẻ nhóm: Hội chia sẻ sách Boost your vocabulary Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 PHẦN 01 BỐ CỤC THÔNG TIN TRONG ĐOẠN VĂN Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 DISCURSIVE PASSAGE In a discursive paragraph: + They may present contrasting points in an argument or explain a complex theory + The writer may use cohesive devices to explain how the ideas are connected i.e: furthermore, as a result, such as, although, however, + The passage contains the theories or views of different people or experts (including quotations) + Matching features & matching names are typical types of questions in a discursive paragraph Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 READING PASSAGE 01 - Crop-growing skyscrapers DISCURSIVE PASSAGE CONTENT PURPOSE STAGE OF ESSAY By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then An estimated 109 hectares of new land (about 20% larger than Brazil) will be needed to grow enough food to feed them, if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use Historically, some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on? + Hook readers’ attention by giving surprising facts and statistics The concept of indoor farming is not new, since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required, employing cutting-edge technologies One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical Farm’ The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers Vertical farms would need to be efficient, cheap to construct and safe to operate If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, + Answer the question in the introductory paragraph It is also the topic that will be discussed in this essay: + Introduce readers to INTRODUCTION the topic that will be discussed by a question (thesis statement) BODY DESCRIPTION “One such proposal is for the ‘Vertical Farm” + Describe the concept of “Vertical Farm” (The concept of is ) Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming + Explain the pros of “vertical farm”: (would reduce , If successfully implemented, offer the promise of ) It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts Within that same time frame, we evolved into an urban species, in which 60% of the human population now lives vertically in cities This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our foodbearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can no more than hope for a good weather year However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops - Provide evidence and facts to support the argument that “Vertical Farm” is an effective solution BODY EXPLANATION - Cohesive devices: Along the way, Within that same time frame This mean that However, The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system For instance, crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts, floods or pests All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface Although the system would consume energy, it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non edible parts of plants It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by + Topic sentence: “The supporter of claim that ” + Supporting idea 01: For instance, BODY 03 ARGUMENT “FOR” + Explanation (by giving results): There would be Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping could be This system would + Supporting idea 02: Although , it would + Explanation (by giving reason): .by A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that + Topic sentence: the plants would require artificial light Without it, those A major drawback of is that plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of + Explanation (by giving reason): natural overhead light; even so, many still need artificial Without it lighting A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead + Explanation (by giving results): light would require far more Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight This system is already in operation, and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above: it is not certain, however, that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light BODY 04 ARGUMENT “AGAINST” Generating enough light could be This appears to be A counter argument to address the concern over the drawbacks of Vertical Farm in the previous paragraph  The writer wishes to prove his/her point that ‘vertical farming’ is a good option BODY 05 COUNTERARGUMENT Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 + One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to + Moving on allow to + This system is already + It is not certain, however, that can be made to without Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops + Summary the main idea of the passage + Restate the writer’s opinion While it is possible that ., most experts currently believe it is far more likely that CONCLUSION Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 our genes, and in other cases, this third factor operates on its own to shape who we are Summary However, recent twin studies have helped scientists reach an important there is a third factor which is at work This factor can connect the environment and our genes or work on its own to shape who we are Explanation in Vietnamese Tuy nhiên gần đây, nghiên cứu cặp song sinh giúp dẫn dắt nhà khoa học đến kết luận quan trọng là: tự nhiên ni dưỡng khơng phải ảnh hưởng hoạt động Theo ngành nghiên cứu gần gọi di truyền học biểu sinh, có nhân tố thứ ba có vai trò, nhân tố mà vài trường hợp đóng vai trò cầu nối môi trường gen chúng ta, trường hợp khác tự vận hành để định hình nên # Sentence Original sentence If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are - then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played If SVO then S V when and how SVO, VingSbeingPII Complete sentence If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and (think of) our genes as the keys - each key symbolizing a segment of DNA (which is) responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are - then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, (thereby) changing the tune (which is) being played Summary If our DNA is a big piano keyboard and our genes are the keys, epigenetic processes decide when and how each key can be played4 Explanation in Vietnamese Nếu bạn nghĩ DNA bàn phím piano khổng lồ gen phím – phím tượng trưng cho đoạn DNA chịu trách nhiệm cho 67 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 nốt, tính trạng cụ thể, tất phím kết hợp lại để tạo nên – trình di truyền học biểu sinh xác định thời điểm cách mà phím đánh, nhờ giúp thay đổi giai điệu chơi # Sentence Original sentence One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes Sthat SVOV O whichSVO Complete sentence One way (that) the study of epigenetics* is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes (*epigenetics: genes on and off) a branch of genetics that studies the chemical reactions that turn Summary Epigenetics is changing our knowledge about biology by showing a system by which the environment directly affects our genes Explanation in Vietnamese Ngành nghiên cứu di truyền học biểu sinh cách mạng hóa hiểu biết sinh học cách đưa chế mà nhờ mơi trường trực tiếp ảnh hưởng đến gen # Sentence Original sentence Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up S V that whenSV, SVO thatVO Complete sentence For example, studies of animals, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up 68 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Summary For example, if a rat is stressed out when it is pregnant, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus, thereby leading to problems related to behavior when the baby grows up Explanation in Vietnamese Ví dụ, nghiên cứu động vật chuột trải qua căng thẳng trình mang thai, gây thay đổi di truyền học biểu sinh bào thai, dẫn đến vấn đề hành vi chuột lớn lên READING PASSAGE 02 AN INTRODUCTION TO FILM SOUND # Sentence 1 Original sentence The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects S V O.S V O which VO Complete sentence The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects Summary The whole sound track has three important parts: the human voice, sound effects and music These parts must be mixed and balanced to create wanted effects Explanation in Vietnamese Toàn nhạc phim gồm ba thành phần thiết yếu: giọng nói người, hiệu ứng âm âm nhạc Ba yếu tố phải kết hợp cân nhằm tạo điểm nhấn cần thiết mà nhờ tạo hiệu ứng mong muốn # Sentence Original sentence The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop dialogue delivered at breakneck speed This use of dialogue underscores not only the 69 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the film itself and thus its humor S V O, on the other hand, V O S V not only O, but also O Complete sentence On the other hand, the comedy Bringing Up Baby presents practically non-stop dialogue (which is) delivered at breakneck speed This use of dialogue underscores not only the dizzy quality of the character (which is) played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the film itself and thus its (the film’s) humor Summary By contrast, the comedy Bringing Up Baby shows non-stop conversation at quick speed This use of conversation underlines not only the stupidity of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the nonsense of the film itself and thus its humor Explanation in Vietnamese Mặt khác, phim hài Bringing Up Baby lại đưa đoạn hội thoại khơng ngừng nghỉ trình bày với tốc độ chóng mặt Việc sử dụng đoạn hội thoại khơng nhấn mạnh tính cách ngớ ngẩn nhân vật Katherine Hepburn thủ vai, mà phi lý phim, trở thành yếu tố gây cười # Sentence Original sentence The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in simply managing to follow the plot S V O; S V O S V O Complete sentence The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in simply managing to follow the plot Summary Because the audience moves from joke to joke and conversation to conversation, he or she cannot have time to think He or she watches a series of different activities and only tries to follow the storyline Explanation in Vietnamese 70 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Khán giả từ trò khơi hài đến trò khơi hài khác, từ hội thoại đến hội thoại khác; khơng có thời gian cho khán giả suy ngẫm Khán giả bị đắm chìm vào loạt hành động để cố theo kịp tình tiết phim # Sentence Original sentence For example, the 'click' of a door being opened may simply serve to convince the audience that the image portrayed is real, and the audience may only subconsciously note the expected sound However, if the 'click' of an opening door is part of an ominous action such as a burglary, the sound mixer may callattention to the 'click' with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense S V O that SV, and S V O Howerver, SVO,S V O; S V Complete sentence For example, the 'click' of a door (which is) being opened may simply serve to convince the audience that the image (which is) portrayed is real, and the audience may only subconsciously note the expected sound However, if the 'click' of an opening door is part of an ominous action such as a burglary, the sound mixer may call attention to the 'click' with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense Summary For example, the 'click' help the viewer believe that the image shown is real, and the viewer note the sound they want to hear However, if this sound is part of a bad action , the sound mixer may make the viewer focus on the 'click' by increasing volume; this helps to create the feeling of nervousness and excitement Explanation in Vietnamese Ví dụ, tiếng “click” cánh cửa mở đơn giản có vai trò thuyết phục khán giả hình ảnh hình thật, khán giả ý tiềm thức đến âm mong đợi Tuy nhiên, tiếng “click” cánh cửa mở phần hành động không tốt đẹp vụ trộm vào nhà, thiết bị hòa âm phim thu hút ý đến tiếng “click” cách tăng âm lượng lên; điều nhằm giúp tạo cảm giác hồi hộp, ngờ vực cho khán giả # Sentence Original sentence Asynchronous sound effects, on the other hand, are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen Such sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film 71 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 S, on the other hand, V O S V , and S V O Complete sentence On the other hand, asynchronous sound effects are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen Asynchronous sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film Summary In contrast, asynchronous sound effects are not matched with the sound on screen These sounds are added to create a suitable, small difference in emotion, and they may also make the film more realistic Explanation in Vietnamese Ngược lại, hiệu ứng âm không đồng không khớp với nguồn âm nhìn thấy hình Những âm lồng vào nhằm tạo sắc thái cảm xúc phù hợp chúng tăng thêm độ chân thực cho phim # Sentence Original sentence We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence We are aware that it is used to add emotion and rhythm Usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional attitude toward the story and /or the characters depicted S V O, which VO.S V that SVO S V O Complete sentence We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence We are aware that it (background music) is used to add emotion and rhythm Although background music is usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional attitude toward the story and/or the characters (which are) depicted Summary We all may know background music in films It is so common that people can notice if it does not appear in the film We know that it is used to add emotion and rhythm Although background music is usually not meant to be noticeable, it often creates a tone or an emotional opinion toward the story and/or the characters described Explanation in Vietnamese 72 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Chúng ta có lẽ quen với nhạc phim, loại nhạc phổ biến đến mức gây để ý thiếu vắng phim Chúng ta biết sử dụng để tăng thêm cảm xúc nhịp điệu cho phim Mặc dù không tạo để gây ý, nhạc thường tạo điệu thái độ mang tính cảm xúc cho câu chuyện và/hoặc nhân vật miêu tả # Sentence Original sentence Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes For example, a particular musical theme associated with an individual character or situation may be repeated at various points in a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs or ideas S V O For example, S V O in order to VO Complete sentence Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes For example, a particular musical theme (which is) associated with an individual character or situation may be repeated at various points in a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs or ideas Summary Background music may help viewer understand the film by linking scenes For example, a musical topic connected to a character or situation may be repeated at many points in a film in order to remind the audience of main motifs or ideas Explanation in Vietnamese Nhạc hỗ trợ cho việc hiểu nội dung phim người xem cách kết nối cảnh Ví dụ, chủ đề âm nhạc cụ thể có liên quan đến nhân vật tình lặp lặp lại thời điểm khác phim để nhắc khán giả nhớ đến chủ đề hay ý tưởng # Sentence Original sentence We need to foster an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as to truly appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century - the modern film S V O that VO 73 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Complete sentence We need to foster an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as to truly appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century - the modern film Summary In order to truly value the modern film, we need to increase an awareness of film sound and film space Explanation in Vietnamese Chúng ta cần nâng cao nhận thức âm phim không gian điện ảnh để thực hiểu trân trọng hình thức nghệ thuật xuất suốt kỷ 20 – phim đại READING PASSAGE 03 ‘This Marvellous Invention’ # Sentence 1 Original sentence Compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it Without language, we could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself S V O, since SVO S V O Complete sentence (When all other inventions are) compared to language, all other inventions pale in significance, since everything we have ever achieved depends on language and originates from it (language) Without language, we could never have embarked on our ascent to unparalleled power over all other animals, and even over nature itself Summary All other inventions are less important than language because everything we have ever gained depends on language and comes from it Without language, we could not have been more powerful than all other animals, even over nature itself Explanation in Vietnamese 74 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 So với ngơn ngữ phát minh khác khơng quan trọng bằng, thứ đạt dựa vào ngôn ngữ bắt nguồn từ Khơng có ngơn ngữ, không bước đến đỉnh cao với sức mạnh vơ song vượt qua tất lồi động vật khác, chí vượt qua tự nhiên # Sentence Original sentence In its own right it is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet based on an idea of ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite variety of expressions which, whilst having in themselves no likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to others its whole secret, and to make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and all the various stirrings of our soul’ S V O , yet VO that VO which, whilst VingO what VO and VO who VO that SV Complete sentence In its (language’s) own right it is a tool of extraordinary sophistication, yet (language is) based on an idea of ingenious simplicity: ‘this marvellous invention of composing out of twenty-five or thirty sounds that infinite variety of expressions which, whilst having in themselves no likeness to what is in our mind, allow us to disclose to other people its (our mind’s) whole secret and to make known to those who cannot penetrate it all that we imagine, and (make known to other people) all the various stirrings of our soul’ Summary Language is complex, but based on a simple idea: “This invention includes twenty-five or thirty sounds that create many expressions Although these expressions are not similar to what is in our mind, they help us to show what we think, imagine and all of our feelings to other people” Explanation in Vietnamese Ngơn ngữ tự thân công cụ phức tạp phi thường, nhiên lại dựa ý tưởng đơn giản mà khéo léo: “Phát minh tuyệt diệu bao gồm 25 đến 30 âm mà tạo vô số cách diễn đạt không giống với mà nghĩ đầu lại cho phép tiết lộ tồn bí mật đầu với người khác, truyền đạt điều ta tưởng tượng tất khuấy động tâm hồn ta với người hiểu chúng ” # Sentence Original sentence 75 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the homage to languages unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity Language is mankind’s greatest invention - except, of course, that it was never invented S V O S V O, of course, that SV Complete sentence Even so, there is just one flaw in all these hymns of praise, for the homage to language’s unique accomplishment conceals a simple yet critical incongruity Language is mankind’s greatest invention - except, of course, that it (language) was never invented Summary However, there is one mistake in these praises, because the respect for language hides a simple but important inappropriateness: Language is our biggest invention, but it was never invented Explanation in Vietnamese Mặc dù vậy, có lỗ hổng tất lời ca ngợi này, tơn sùng thành tựu độc đáo ngơn ngữ che dấu điều bất hợp lý đơn giản quan trọng Tất nhiên ngôn ngữ phát minh vĩ đại nhân loại – ngoại trừ việc dĩ nhiên khơng phát minh # Sentence Original sentence Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman S V O that SVO Complete sentence Language often seems so skillfully drafted that one can hardly imagine it (language) as anything other than the perfected handiwork of a master craftsman Summary Language seems to be very skillfully created, so we often think that it is the perfect work of an excellent craftsman 76 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Explanation in Vietnamese Ngơn ngữ thường tạo cách tài tình người ta khó tưởng tượng khác ngoại trừ tác phẩm tay hoàn hảo nghệ nhân bậc thầy # Sentence Original sentence But run them through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it arrange them in some very special orders, and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot from sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe S V O, and S V that SVO Complete sentence But run them (meaningless streams of air) through the cogs and wheels of the language machine, let it (the language machine) arrange them (meaningless streams of air) in some very special orders, and there is nothing that these meaningless streams of air cannot do: from sighing the interminable boredom of existence to unravelling the fundamental order of the universe Summary But the language machine can arrange the nonsense streams of air in some very special orders, from breathing out because of boredom to make clear the basic order of universe Explanation in Vietnamese Nhưng chúng qua bánh guồng quay máy ngôn ngữ, chúng lại xếp theo thứ tự đặc biệt, khơng có mà dòng khơng khí vơ nghĩa lại khơng làm được: từ thở dài chán ngán tồn đến làm sáng tỏ trật tự vũ trụ # Sentence Original sentence 77 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 The language machine allows just about everybody from pre-modern foragers in the subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl - to tie these meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently without the slightest exertion SVO Complete sentence The language machine allows just about everybody from pre-modern foragers in the subtropical savannah, to post-modern philosophers in the suburban sprawl - to tie these meaningless sounds together into an infinite variety of subtle senses, and all apparently without the slightest exertion Summary The language machine allows almost everybody to combine these nonsense sounds into various senses without having to make any effort Explanation in Vietnamese Bộ máy ngôn ngữ cho phép gần tất người – từ người tìm kiếm thức ăn thời cổ đại thảo nguyên vùng cận nhiệt đới, đến nhà triết học hậu đại khu nhà gần thành phố – kết nối âm vô nghĩa với thành vô số ý nghĩa mơ hồ tinh tế, dường không cần phải tốn chút sức lực # Sentence Original sentence Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own success, since in everyday life its triumphs are usually taken for granted The wheels of language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the resourcefulness and expertise that must have gone into making it tick Yet S V O which VO, since SV S V O that SVO that VO Complete sentence Yet it is precisely this deceptive ease which makes language a victim of its own success, since in everyday life its (language’s) triumphs are usually taken for granted The wheels of language run so smoothly that one rarely bothers to stop and think about all the resourcefulness and expertise that must have gone into making it (language) tick 78 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Summary However, this simplicity makes people not value language The language machine runs very smoothly, so we have never stopped and thought about all the effort and knowledge used to make language work Explanation in Vietnamese Tuy nhiên, xác dễ dàng mang tính dối lừa khiến ngơn ngữ trở thành nạn nhân thành cơng nó, sống hàng ngày, thành tựu ngôn ngữ thường bị coi đương nhiên Các bánh xe ngôn ngữ chạy trơn tru người ta dừng lại nghĩ công sức chuyên môn phải bỏ để ngôn ngữ vận hành # Sentence Original sentence Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of languages design One of the showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of breath-breaking length, and thus express in one word what English takes a whole sentence to say S V O that V S V that SVO, and SVO what SVO Complete sentence Often, it is only the estrangement of foreign tongues, with their many exotic and outlandish features, that brings home the wonder of language’s design One of the showiest stunts that some languages can pull off is an ability to build up words of breath-breaking length, and thus express in one word what English takes a whole sentence to say Summary Often, only the difference of foreign languages, with their many strange features, makes us understand the wonder of language’s design the most interesting things that some languages can well is an ability to create very long words4 Explanation in Vietnamese Thường có khác biệt ngơn ngữ nước ngoài, với đặc trưng khác lạ kỳ dị chúng, giúp hiểu rõ kỳ diệu sáng tạo ngôn ngữ Một thứ hấp dẫn mà vài ngôn ngữ làm 79 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 khả xây dựng từ với chiều dài nghẹt thở, diễn tả từ mà tiếng Anh cần câu diễn tả 80 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 Bạn tìm tài liệu Boost your comprehension Facebook Group: IELTS Việt Facebook Group: IELTS family – Các nhóm tự học IELTS Hoặc facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com Bạn sử dụng sách thấy sách có tác dụng mong bạn chia sẻ với team làm sách người biết tạo động lực cho bạn khác trình học IELTS Chân thành cám ơn bạn chúc bạn học tốt! Đinh Thắng thangwrm@gmail.com facebook.com/dinhthangielts 81 Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com ... Conclusion-may include a summary of your point of view Block E Your first argument F Your second argument G Your third argument III Conclusion-may include a summary of your point of view 13 Dinh Thang... bạn cảm thấy khó hiểu, chia sẻ nhóm: Hội chia sẻ sách Boost your vocabulary Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 PHẦN 01 BỐ... Dinh Thang | facebook.com/dinhthangielts ielts-dinhthang.com BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC SÁCH BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION Phần Hiểu bố cục đoạn văn Trong sách này,