HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE ******** HA THUY MAI MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS (THROUGH RESEARCH IN TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN, BAC KAN) Specialization: Cultural Management Code: 9319042 SUMMARY OF CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PH.D THESIS HANOI - 2019 The work was completed in: HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM Science instructor: Associate Professor Dr Nguyen Toan Thang Reviewer 1: Assoc Pro Dr Trinh Thi Minh Duc Nguyen Trai University Reviewer 2: Dr Nguyen Thi Hoa Management Board of Hanoi Monuments and Landmarks Reviewer 3: Assoc Pro Dr Nguyen Quoc Hung Vietnam National Institute Of Culture and Arts Studies The dissertation will be defended in front of thesis evaluating Council at school level at Hanoi University of Culture No 418, La Thanh Street, Dong Da District, Ha Noi At , , 2019 The dissertation can be found at: - Vietnam National Library - Hanoi University of Culture Library INTRODUCTION Rationale With the distinctive characteristics of the formation history, the process of formation and development, the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan have become invaluable assets of the nation The study of safe zone monuments to create a basis for the conservation and promotion of these values in relation to each other and to the region is an important, urgent matter and is indispensable character of the linkage and development of the network of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of each locality having monuments as well as in the region and the whole country in general This matter became even more urgent when historic revolutionary safe zone monuments were recognized as special national monuments with many changes in appearance as well as management regulations in the new situation In recent years, there have been many researches on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, as well as many researches on the conservation and promotion of these monuments However, since the monuments have been classified as national monuments in particular, there has not been any research work on the management of these monuments to comprehensively assess the achievements and there are limitations of the management of monuments is two important aspects of the conservation and promotion of the value of monuments and management of monuments accessible from state management and community management In addition, the recognition of national monuments in particular in the context that 03 monuments are belonging to three different provinces but located close to each other and has many similarities in terms of culture, customs, population and soil, etc also requires a comprehensive study to make detailed assessments on the basis of regional linkages in conservation and promotion of the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang and Thai Nguyen Bac Kan to serves the economic and social development of the region and the whole country The three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan are located in the northern mountainous region of our country, known to the people of the whole country for their indomitable and unyielding revolutionary tradition of cultural characteristics typical of ethnic minorities in the northern mountainous region of our country Also in this area, revolutionary historical sites have become the pride not only of the people here but also the people of the country The conservation and promotion of valuable revolutionary historical sites of Viet Bac region has gained initial successes in recent years, however, studies on the management of monuments revolutions in this area in recent years account for not much, especially the lack of intensive and comprehensive research works on the revolutionary heritage monument system in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan In the system of revolutionary historical monuments of the abovementioned area, we must mention relics classified as special national monuments, namely Tan Trao safe zone relic, Tuyen Quang province, Dinh Hoa safe zone relic and Thai Nguyen province and Cho Don safe zone relic, Bac Kan province After being recognized as a special national monument, the appearance of these monuments has changed a lot compared to the previous in terms of boundary and spatial distribution of component monuments This requires an objective research and evaluation of the status of the management of monuments in order to identify the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in the management of safe zone monuments over time On that basis, propose practical solutions to improve the effectiveness of the management of these monuments in the future This is an important task that contributes to preserving and promoting the beautiful and lasting values of the monument to a large number of people in the country and international friends when coming to the cradle of the Vietnamese revolution in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan From the above problem, the researcher realized that it is necessary to have an in-depth study on the management historic revolutionary safe zone historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan to research the situation and find out the achievements and limitations in the management of the national special historic revolutionary safe zone relic in provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan and offer solutions to improve the quality of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments management in the near future For that reason, the PhD student selected the topic "Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan)" as the topic of doctoral thesis specializing in Cultural Management Research purposes and tasks 2.1 Research purposes Researching the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan to find out achievements and limitations in the management of these monuments over the past time Make judgments and assessments objectively about the achievements and limitations as well as the causes of the limitations in the management of monuments, creating a scientific basis for offering solutions to improve the efficiency management results at these monuments 2.2 Research tasks In order to achieve the research objectives mentioned above, the thesis focuses on solving the following specific tasks: + Research theoretical basis, basic concepts related to the thesis topic, overview of documents of research works related to the thesis topic + Overall study of appearance, value of revolutionary historic monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan + Survey and research on the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan at the present based on state management and participation of the community + Assess the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in the management of these monuments + Based on the comments, objectively assess the status of the management work, propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the coming time Research subject and scope 3.1 Research subjects Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments: Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan accessible from the State and the management participation of the community 3.2 Research scope Space: The thesis studies all areas zoned for the protection of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, in which focusing on researching at historic revolutionary safe zone monuments typical for each province including Tan Trao historic revolutionary safe zone monument, Tuyen Quang province, Dinh Hoa Thai Nguyen province and Cho Don in Bac Kan province Time: Research topic on the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments: Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan since the sites were classified as special national monuments Research questions and scientific hypotheses 4.1 Research question Implement the research project of "Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan)", the PhD student posed the following research questions: Approaching from the state management, how the state management levels have played their role in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan? As subjects of preserving the values of cultural heritage, how has the local community where historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are located in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan shown its role in its management of these monuments recently? The coordination between the State and the community in the management of has is tight and effective or not? What needs to be done to promote the role of both the State and the community in order to manage historic revolutionary safe zone monuments more effectively? 4.2 Scientific hypothesis The State and community both play an important role in managing historical - cultural relics in general and historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in particular If there is a clear decentralization and close cooperation between the State and the community, this work will certainly be effective Research method Document research methods; Statistical methods; Methods of analysis - synthesis; Logical and historical methods; Interview method; Methods of sociological investigation; Fieldwork method, field survey; Comparative method; Modeling method; Professional solution The contribution of the thesis The thesis is the first in-depth research of the management work at the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, especially after these monuments have been classified as national monuments, especially with basic changes in appearance, protection scope as well as management regulations in the new situation, requires a new level in both theory and practice The thesis is the first work to study the current situation of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments located in regional links and in specific conditions of regional culture of the North Vietnam The status of the state management in the aforementioned monuments as well as the participation of the community will give us an objective, honest view of the value of the monuments as well as the achievements and limitations of the management of these monuments in recent years Create a basis for planning conservation and promoting strategies of these monuments in the future Summarizing experiences from the research results of the thesis will play an important role in orienting solutions to preserve and promote the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces On that basis, contributed to the success of the process of national construction, development, education and patriotic consciousness, and indomitable and tenacious struggle of the present and future generations of Vietnamese people The structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, appendices, the thesis content is structured with 03 chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review, theoretical basis and overview of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan Chapter 2: Current situation of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments from the perspective of the state and community Chapter 3: Solutions to improve the efficiency of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW, THEORETICAL BASIS AND OVERVIEW OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS IN THREE PROVINCES OF TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN AND BAC KAN 1.1 Literature review 1.1.1 The research works on cultural heritage management Managing cultural heritage is an issue that has been interested by scholars in the country as well as around the world The research of scholars revolves around many issues related to the field of cultural heritage management In which the authors are interested in the basic issues of cultural heritage such as: The birth of cultural heritage management; the role and functions of managing cultural heritage; research issues of cultural heritage management; how to practice in managing cultural heritage, etc Solving the above problems, in the world, there are many works of many scholars who have discussed with many typical authors such as: Peter Howard in his book of Heritage: Management, interpretation and identity; Zhan Chang Yuan in Cultural Industrial Management curriculum; Brian Garrod, Alan Fayall in the study of heritage management and tourism; Arthur Perdersen in A practical guide for world heritage site managers, etc In our country, cultural heritage has become the object of research and a top concern of specialized researchers, cultural heritage managers, etc especially in recent years, cultural heritage is affected by the urbanization process and the impact of developing a market economy At this time, the study of cultural heritage does not only focus on issues such as what is cultural heritage? Heritage for whom? Cultural heritage for what? The role of Cultural Heritage? Or content of cultural heritage management, etc Discussions and explanations for the above issues include the research works of typical authors such as: Collections of A road to access cultural heritage [24] , 25]; Bui Hoai Son with the article Who's Heritage for and the story of organizing traditional festivals in Vietnam [60] and Heritage for what and some heritage management stories in Vietnam [63]; Nguyen Quoc Hung in "The role of cultural heritage in the development of our country today" [37]; Preserve and promote the value of intangible cultural heritage at historical and cultural monuments [34], etc.; The future vision of cultural heritage and monuments protection system in our country [35] Dang Van Bai in the issue of state management in the field of cultural heritage conservation [4]; Preserving intangible cultural heritage - from the perspective of globalization [5]; Preserving cultural heritage in the development process [6], etc.; Luu Tran Tieu in the article "Some issues on restoration and preservation of cultural and historical relics [89], etc.; Quang Minh and Nguyen Thi Thu Trang in the role of the community from the perspective of preserving cultural heritage [54] Scientific conference of Festival - Values awareness and management solution [11] by Ministry of Literature Chemical, Sports and Tourism and National Cultural Heritage Council held in Hanoi in 2013; 2014 Scientific Conference on management of world cultural and natural heritage in Vietnam [12] organized by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism at Thang Long Imperial Citadel in Hanoi; In 2015, the Conference of Conservation Science promoted the value of the world heritage from the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long organized by the Thang Long Heritage Conservation Center in Hanoi in collaboration with the UNESCO Vietnam Committee in Hanoi, etc 1.1.2 The research works on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan Before and after historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan were recognized as special national monuments, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments have become the object of research of many historians, Many researchers of culture and related sciences Researching on revolutionary historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, the studies focused on two basic aspects related to these relics: the study of meaning and values of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments; The second study focuses on the conservation and promotion of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the provinces mentioned above From the perspective of history, historians appreciate the position of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in the resistance war for national independence as well as the role of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in social life today Military History Institute, Ministry of Defense in the book "History of resistance against France (1945-1954)", volumes, published in 1985 [108]; Command of Military Region I in the book "Summarizing and directing the implementation of military strategic tasks of the Viet Bac Inter-Region (1945-1954)" [13, 15]; Nguyen Xuan Minh, Hoang Ngoc La and Do Hong Thai of the History Department, Viet 11 Thirdly, the issue of cultural identity of ethnic groups in the North Vietnam in relation to preserving and promoting the value of revolutionary heritage has not been questioned and paid due attention While in the management practices at these monuments, the advantages of regional culture, the lives of the people of the ethnic minorities in the North of Vietnam have emerged as a strength in the potential form of exploitation and utilization Fourthly, for historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, apart from the issues not mentioned as mentioned above, up to now, there has not been any specific research system of monuments management after the monuments are classified as special national monuments with impacts in both positive and negative directions to the monument, this is a big challenge for managers and local authorities in the short term as well as long term Fifthly, considering the issue of promoting the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in order to serve the local socioeconomic development on the basis of potential links, the value of monuments in the overall cultural has not been paid much attention, researching in general based on analyzing the status of each zone and site of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments Through an overview of the literature on the management of the cultural heritage in general, the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, it can be seen that so far there has been no work which scientific research is in depth and comprehensive on the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in order to generalize the most common issues of management at these monuments, on that basis, assess the advantages, shortcomings and causes in order to orient and find solutions to improve the effectiveness of the management of these monuments The previous studies gap will be a certain gap that PhD students will continue to explore and research in the thesis The studies of the previous scholars will be an 12 important source of material, have many meanings and values for the thesis to refer to, inherit for the research process 1.2 Theoretical basis 1.2.1 Some related concepts 1.2.2.1 Cultural heritage 1.2.2.2 Historical - cultural monuments 1.2.2.3 Revolutionary historical sites 1.2.2.4 Management 1.2.2.5 State management of Cultural Heritage 1.2.2.7 Community 1.2.2 Theoretical basis of the thesis Stemming from research practice, the PhD student selected role theory as the theory to implement the thesis 1.3 Overview of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan 1.3.1 History of formation The historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are built by the Party Central Committee, the Government, and President Ho Chi Minh City and have become famous historical places; The above-mentioned places have become the provisional capital of Viet Bac liberation zone The remaining monuments to this day have become important living witnesses, a testament to a period of arduous, glorious, majestic and golden history of our nation Up to now, there are monuments still intact, there are relics that have been degraded or only the marking the event, etc but the existence of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments highlights the proud, indomitable past as well as the contributions of the army and the people of the safe zone region throughout the nation's history 1.3.2 Characteristics of the monuments 1.3.2.1 General overview of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan With the area of protected areas stretching over the territory of many communes and districts of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen 13 and Bac Kan, special national monuments Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don include many historic revolutionary safe zone monuments and types of intangible cultural heritages associated with the people of the local ethnic groups belonging to the monuments to create a multicultural color imprinting the regional impression of these monuments Each special historic revolutionary safe zone monument in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces includes a population with many monument points, including historical, national and provincial historical sites which are in record process to create a diverse, rich and long-lasting system of cultural monuments on the regional cultural space of the Northern midland and mountainous region of Vietnam (see details in Appendix 05 attached to the thesis) 1.3.2.2 Overview of typical features Firstly, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments all spread over many administrative territories Secondly, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan are ones of the rare revolutionary historical sites that still retain all historical relics that were operating place of the Party, Government and our state in the years of resistance Thirdly, of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don are are mainly made of paintings, bamboo, neohouzeaua, leaves, which are available materials from locality, but poor in terms of longevity or sustainability against the invasion of insects as well as the harsh weather of the Northern Mountains of our country Fourthly, another outstanding feature of the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Tan, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don is that most of the monuments are associated with the activities of the leaders of the Party, Government and Ministry, Industry and mass organizations or associated with important events during the time of the resistance war against the French of our army and people 14 Fifthly, the monuments were built by the community, today the community is still living at the sites and participating in managing, preserving and preserving the monuments 1.3.3 Historical and cultural values of monuments 1.3.3.1 Historical value - Mark the birthplace of revolutionary strategies of the Party and State during the resistance war - As a base for all Party and State agencies during the resistance war - The selection of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces as the center of the liberated capital and the resistance capital represents the strategic vision of our Party 1.3.3.2 Cultural values In addition to historical values, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan are also places for preserving many cultural values of the ethnic communities here It is the architecture of stilt houses of the Tay ethnic group, the housing of Dao and Mong people; Traditional ethnic costumes of the Tay, Mong and Dao ethnic groups; typical cuisine of the northern mountainous ethnic minority region and an intangible cultural heritage are rich and unique traditional folk arts and literature with many types: Voice; Folklore, including lullaby, poetry, folk songs, proverbs; Folk performing arts, including music, dance, and singing; Social customs, etc Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE STATE AND COMMUNITY 2.1 Current situation of management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments from state agencies 2.1.1 State management activities 2.1.1.1 Create a legal corridor to manage monuments - Promulgate legal documents 15 - Improve the community's understanding of the law, including the legal documents on monuments - Develop and implement master plans, plans and projects on conservation of monuments 2.1.1.2 Establishment of monuments management agency The Management Board of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments ofTan Tan, Dinh Hoa and Cho Don have certain positions, functions and tasks in managing historic revolutionary safe zone monuments Like other monuments nationwide, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are also under the strict management and supervision of specialized agencies at the central level, namely the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism People's Committees at all levels as well as the Monuments Management Board Accordingly, with specific functions and tasks, each management level has a separate role in the management of monuments as follows: - Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism - Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism - District People's Committee - Commune People's Committee 2.1.1.3 Funds for activities of managing, renovating and embellishing monuments In recent years, with the attention of the Party and State in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage values of the nation, historic revolutionary safe zone monuments have been initially paid attention, invested in repair and renovation and embellishment With an important role as the cradle of the revolution, the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments ofTan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don were invested by management levels in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in repair and embellishment 2.1.1.4 Training human resources for the management, repair and embellishment of monuments Human resources is one of the important and decisive factors in the process of implementing the management of historic revolutionary safe 16 zone monuments In order to well carry out the conservation and promotion of the value of monuments associated with the local socio-economic development goals, attention should be paid to investment and development of human resources to ensure good performance of assigned tasks 2.1.1.5 Guiding and organizing the implementation of conservation activities, promoting the value of the monuments Guiding the implementation of activities of preserving and promoting the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments is carried out from the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, through documents guiding the implementation of the regulations on conservation and promotion of values of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments The regulations are specific to each locality in which the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the provinces and the Department of Culture and Information of the districts will play an important role in directly guiding monument management units or local governments directly carry out conservation projects to embellish or promote the value of monuments, etc - Researching, collecting and managing artifacts at the monument - Promoting the value of the monuments - Mobilizing, managing and using resources for preserving and promoting the value of monuments 2.1.1.6 Inspecting, examining and handling violations of monuments Over the past years, the administrative levels of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan have regularly conducted inspections to preserve and promote the value of the sites and promote the revolutionary history of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don, according to which issues related to the observance of the law on the protection and promotion of the value of monuments, especially issues related to public protecting, preserving monuments, environmental sanitation, business services, accommodation facilities, organizing festivals, etc in the area of monuments 17 2.1.2 Mechanism of coordination between State agencies in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments The process of managing historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don is done consistently according to specific management decentralization In terms of state administration, there is a consistent management from the central to local levels In implementing the coordination mechanism for heritage management, the Management Board of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don, People's Committees of districts and communes plays an important role, directly involved in manage monuments 2.2 Current situation of managing historic revolutionary safe zone monuments from the community 2.2.1 Community activities in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 2.2.1.1 Community in the protection and conservation of monuments In management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, the community plays an important role in many areas of conservation and promotion of values at these sites 2.2.1.2 Exploiting and promoting the value of monuments of the community For the exploitation and promotion of the value of monuments, the community plays a key role and is the main human resource involved in this work 2.2.2 Coordination between the community and the state in the management of monuments Among the stakeholders, the community is closely linked to the management of monuments The role of the community in preserving and promoting the value of monuments is enormous 2.3 General assessment 2.3.1 Assessment of management activities and coordination mechanism of state agencies in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 18 2.3.1.1 Achievements 2.3.1.2 Inadequacies and limitations 2.3.2 Assessment of management activities and coordination mechanism of the community with the state in the management of monuments 2.3.2.1 Achievements 2.3.2.2 Inadequacies and limitations 2.4.3 The cause of the limitations Chapter SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT OF HISTORIC REVOLUTIONARY SAFE ZONE MONUMENTS OF THREE PROVINCES OF TUYEN QUANG, THAI NGUYEN AND BAC KAN 3.1 Bases for solutions 3.1.1 Factors affecting the management efficiency of the State and community on historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 3.1.1.1 Positive factors 3.1.1.2 Negative factors 3.1.2 Methods and objectives of managing historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 3.1.3 Perspectives, themes and policies of the Party and the State in managing historic monument and historic revolutionary monuments 3.1.4 Some lessons learned in the management of current historical monuments (through the experience of managing monuments in Hoi An ancient town, Kim Lien monument, Giong temple area) 3.1.4.1 Monuments in Hoi An ancient town, Kim Lien monument, Giong temple area 3.1.4.2 Some lessons learned in management of current historical monuments First: Promulgate specific mechanisms and policies, suitable to the actual conditions at the monument 19 Second: Focus on developing and implementing the master plan as a basis for implementing conservation projects and promoting the value of the monuments Third: Promote the role of community in preserving and promoting the value of cultural heritage Fourth: Preserve tangible cultural heritage associated with the conservation of intangible cultural heritage in the area of relics Fifthly: Preserve and promote the values of heritages on the basis of ensuring the harmony of relationships, preserving monuments associated with preserving the landscape of monuments Sixthly: Interested in training human resources management monuments Seventh: Build a management system with enough functions and authority to manage monuments 3.2 Some solutions to improve the efficiency of managing historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 3.2.1 For state agencies 3.2.1.1 Develop and issue specific regulations, mechanisms and policies to increase investment in the conservation and promotion of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 3.2.1.2 Solutions to upgrade and strengthen the Monuments management mechanism 3.2.1.3 Concentrating on investment in building and implementing the master plan on conservation and promotion of the value of relics 3.2.1.4 Preserving and promoting the value of monuments on the basis of developing tourism on sources, community tourism, ecotourism and strengthening cultural links in preserving and promoting the value of monuments 3.2.1.5 Strengthen inspection and examination 3.2.2 For the community 3.2.2.1 Encourage and enhance the role of the community in directly participating in the process of preserving and promoting the values of 20 cultural heritage associated with the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments 3.2.2.2 Preserving and promoting the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces in association with the value of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic communities in Vietnam-North cultural areas CONCLUSION Based on the survey and investigation in the study area are Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don relics, and at the same time, gather the published sources, the thesis focuses on an overview of the relics of AT Trao Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don, typical as well as historical and cultural values of the relics The status of management at these monuments has been focused on analyzing and evaluating thereby clarifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in managing monuments The dissertation has proposed a solution to improve the effectiveness of the management of revolutionary historic relics of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan in the coming time To study the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments through research in the three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, the PhD student used the theory of roles of stakeholders This theory is used to study the role of stakeholders including the State, community, visitors, etc in management activities at the research sites Based on the role of stakeholders in the management activities of all levels and the community over the past time at historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, the thesis has studied and analyzed the status of management activities, found out the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in recent years approached from state management and the participation of the community 21 Historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan have a system of historical monuments that exist in the space of a cultural area rich in local colors and very diverse and complex It has both tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage with a variety of cultural heritages with a full system of rich revolutionary historical sites, marking historical periods of the nation Historic revolutionary safe zone monument is an important cultural resource for economic and social development of North Vietnam region in particular and the whole country in general The monuments that are interested, invested, preserved and promoted will become an important driving force contributing to the local economic, political, cultural and social development The exploitation and promotion of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments will bring practical benefits to the community and society, and this is also the solution to the problem of sustainable development of monuments by exploitation for tourism In the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan, the state plays a leading role, which is reflected in the decentralization of management and activities of the State in the conservation and promotion of the values of monuments, reflected in the work items: To formulate conservation planning, plans and projects; issuing legal documents serving the management of monuments; organize propaganda, dissemination and education of relics laws; organizing professional activities to preserve and promote the value of monuments; State management activities at the monuments have shown unity and synchronization in management In fact, through the survey of the Management Board at the monuments, the role of the community has been clearly shown in the conservation and promotion of the value of the monument, this is clearly shown by the people being take part in the protection and preservation of monuments, organize the mobilization of social resources to perform the restoration and embellishment of the monuments, and at the same time participate in 22 activities to introduce and promote exploitation and promotion of monuments The thesis has focused on researching and analyzing the status of management at Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa and Cho Don sites since the sites were recognized as special national monuments, in which going into two basic contents is the management of the heritage area accessible from the role of state management and participation in the conservation and promotion of the value of monuments of the community Thereby, the thesis initially gives assessments on the effectiveness of the management of monuments at the research sites, finding out the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations in the conservation and promotion The value of the monuments over time in both aspects of management is state management and community participation In the current development context, the authorities and people of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces are actively interested in and participating in the conservation and promotion of the values of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments The fact also shows that in recent years, the Party Committee and authorities of the relic provinces have paid attention to the investment in the conservation and promotion of the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, which is reflected in the promulgating mechanisms, policies, investing resources and people, mobilizing the active participation of local ethnic communities, etc for this work Based on the Party's views and resolutions and the State's mechanisms and policies in preserving and promoting the value of revolutionary relics in contemporary social life, it is necessary to propose some solutions and measures to improve the efficiency of the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don such as focusing on building and implementing the master plan; Promote the exploitation and promotion of monuments’ values on the basis of tourism development, community tourism, ecotourism and strengthening the regional cultural linkages in preserving and promoting the value of monuments; Develop and issue specific mechanisms and policies to 23 increase investment in the conservation and promotion of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments; Preserving and promoting the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan provinces associated with the intangible cultural heritage value of the Viet Bac cultural region These are practical solutions that can help heritage managers to consult and apply in practice the management of sites, thereby contributing to the local socio-economic development in a sustainable manner In the process of approaching the problem of "Management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments (through research in Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan)", the plan to select historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao and Dinh Hoa relics Don Market is reasonable The management of these monuments complies with the provisions of the Cultural Heritage Law and the current regulations of the local authorities of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don monuments Achievements and shortcomings in the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don are shown in the content of the thesis that has contributed to the implementation of the Party's policy in the spirit of the Party's Resolutions The management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don in recent years has clearly shown the Party's views and resolutions on preserving and promoting the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments and serving economic development of local society and patriotic traditional education, national pride for generations of Vietnamese people The thesis has answered the research questions mentioned at the beginning of the thesis Give the specific operational roles of the state management and the community in recent years to see the achievements, limitations and causes of the limitations Based on the practical situation, propose solutions to improve the efficiency of the management of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments of three provinces of Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguyen and Bac Kan 24 Through the research results, it is possible to be aware that issues related to historic revolutionary safe zone monuments are not only confined to one or more sites in the ATK area but also related to a region and culture with the existence of many historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in that cultural region In Viet Bac cultural space, the cultural identity of the ethnic groups in the Viet Bac region plays an important role, containing cultural elements associated with historic revolutionary safe zone monuments in its existence and development, etc Therefore, in the accessible issues, we found a few feasibility studies that could be carried out, such as researching the Viet Bac cultural sub-region in relation to the historic revolutionary safe zone monuments; regional links in promoting the values of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments; research intangible cultural heritage of ethnic people in Viet Bac region to promote the value of historic revolutionary safe zone monuments, etc LIST OF PUBLISHED RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE TOPIC OF THE THESIS Ha Thuy Mai (2016), “Cultural resources and tourism potential in Tan Trao historical relic”, Arts and Culture magazine (No.384), pp.54-56 Hà Thuý Mai (2018), “Strengthen the management of Tan Trao special national monument, Arts and Culture magazine (No.409), pp.21-24 Ha Thuy Mai (2019), “Preserving and promoting the value of revolutionary revolutionary relics Tan Trao, Dinh Hoa, Cho Don seen from the community”, Arts and Culture magazine (No.420), pp.42-44 Ha Thuy Mai (2019), “Actual situation of management of Tan Trao special national historical relics”, Arts and Culture magazine (No.421), pp.19-25 ... Culture and Arts Studies The dissertation will be defended in front of thesis evaluating Council at school level at Hanoi University of Culture No 418, La Thanh Street, Dong Da District, Ha Noi... and Tourism - District People's Committee - Commune People's Committee 2.1.1.3 Funds for activities of managing, renovating and embellishing monuments In recent years, with the attention of the... Department of Culture and Information of the districts will play an important role in directly guiding monument management units or local governments directly carry out conservation projects to