l MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY TRẦN THỊ THUÝ CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN LYRICS BY BEE GEES (ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM VỀ TÌNH YÊU TRONG CA TỪ CỦA BEE GEES) M.A THESIS Field: English Language Code: 8220201 Hanoi, 2018 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY TRẦN THỊ THUÝ CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS OF LOVE IN LYRICS BY BEE GEES (ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM VỀ TÌNH YÊU TRONG CA TỪ CỦA BEE GEES) M.A THESIS Field: English Language Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph.D Hanoi, 2018 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “Conceptual Metaphors of Love in Lyrics by Bee Gees” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‘s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2018 Student‘s Signature Trần Thị Thúy Approved by SUPERVISOR Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph.D Date:…………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is completed with lots of working hours and is contributed by a large amount of enthusiasm, effort and assistance from many people First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr Đặng Nguyên Giang, Ph D., my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher Many thanks go to all my lecturers at Hanoi Open University for their precious knowledge, which lay the foundation for this study, my colleagues and many others whose support and encouragement help me to have this thesis accomplished Additionally, I am so grateful for Bee Gees who wrote wonderful songs which are loved by fans all over the world and me too Their lyrics are filled by deep feelings in the different up and down motions, especially in Love It is the source of inspirations for me to this thesis Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family for their patience, endless love, and devotion Whatever choices I have made, they have always stood by me and believed in me I am immensely thankful for all the assistance they have given to me ii ABSTRACT This study is an account of an investigation of conceptual metaphors of love in lyrics by a band group – Bee Gees In the thesis, the structural metaphors and ontological metaphors will be analyzed to reflect the opinions of theirs about love in the lyrics of the composers The study is mainly carried out through the documentary analysis and descriptive study with the support of qualitative and quantitative approach In other words, the lyrics of the songs are used as the data source of this research The results of this research show that there are sixteen source domains of conceptual metaphors used to express love They are journey, light, pain, power, belief, closeness, sadness, music, dream, prison, paradise, plant, animal, source of warmth, object and flame These sixteen source domains of conceptual metaphors have their own unique interpretation of what love actually is The source domains prove that the abstraction concept of love can be reduced and described in more concrete domains of conceptual metaphors Finally, I found that conceptual metaphor is being in our everyday life Thus, we are not difficult to meet somewhere in life without metaphor Studying conceptual metaphor or conceptualization and using it in life is important and useful It not only brings students benefits in the process of learning English but also helps them widen knowledge about a variety of language as well as access to the world around easily iii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: List of songs of Bee Gees in ordered number 24 Table 2: List of Structural Metaphors in lyrics by Bee Gees 52 Table 3: Structural Metaphors in lyrics of Bee Gees‘ twenty songs 53 Table 4: List of Ontological Metaphors in lyrics by Bee Gees 54 Table 5: Ontological Metaphors in lyrics of Bee Gees‘ twenty songs 54 iv LIST OF CHARTS Page Chart 1: The percentage on structural metaphors in selected songs of Bee 57 Gees Chart 2: The percentage on ontological metaphors in selected songs of Bee Gees v 58 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF CHARTS v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Research methods 1.7 Design of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Metaphors and conceptual metaphors 2.1.1 Metaphors from traditional view 2.1.2 Metaphors from cognitive view 2.1.3 Conceptual metaphors 2.1.4 Classifications of conceptual metaphors 2.2 Music and lyrics 12 2.2.1 Pop music 12 2.2.2 Pop lyrics 14 2.3 Love 15 2.3.1 Love defined 15 2.3.2 Conceptual metaphors of love 17 2.4 Previous research 19 2.4.1 Previous research works carried out in foreign countries 19 2.4.2 Previous research works carried out in Vietnam 20 2.5 Summary 21 vi CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOLY 3.1 Theoretical framework 23 3.2 Analytical framework 23 3.3 Data collection 24 3.4 Data analysis 25 3.5 Procedures 26 3.6 Summary 28 CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURAL AND ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS OF LOVE EMPLOYED IN LYRICS BY BEE GEES 4.1 Structural metaphors 29 4.1.1 Love is a journey 29 4.1.2 Love is light 31 4.1.3 Love is pain 33 4.1.4 Love is power 34 4.1.5 Love is belief 35 4.1.6 Love is closeness 36 4.1.7 Love is sadness 39 4.1.8 Love is music 40 4.1.9 Love is a dream 42 4.2 Ontological metaphors 43 4.2.1 Love is a prison 43 4.2.2 Love is a paradise 44 4.2.3 Love is a plant 45 4.2.4 Love is an animal 46 4.2.5 Love is a source of warmth 46 4.2.6 Love is an object 48 4.2.7 Love is a flame 50 4.3 Implications for English teaching and learning 51 4.4 Summary 52 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Summary of the findings 56 5.2 Concluding remarks 59 vii 5.3 Recommendations for further studies REFERENCES APPENDIX 1: Conceptual metaphors selected from Bee Gees‘ songs APPENDIX 2: Bee Gees‘ twenty songs used in the thesis viii 60 on the chance that you'll come back to me (chorus) I could take it in my stride Start living for the moment Maybe half the things we sought were never there Simply open up our eyes and break it down to size It isn't really fair 11 Love me I remember times my love when we really had it all You were always there to make me smile, help me when I fall Ooh, I can't believe you're leaving me When there's so much more to say - I can't let you go Ooh , ev'ry time I look at you I still can feel the glow Let it be, let it grow Love me , please , just a little bit longer Together we can make it Our love is much too young to break it Love me , please , just a little bit harder All I ever wanted was to have you to myself Then I see you standing there in the arms of someone else You know a man can stand so much And it's more then I can bear - I can't let you go Ooh, ev'ry time I look at you I still can feel the glow Let it be , let it grow Love me , please, just a little bit longer Together we can make it Our love is much too young to break it Love me , please, just a little bit harder XXI Never even try to see things her way It's hard on a woman when love ain't no love at all And when she walks away (no no) - and she probably will You're gonna be sorry, begging her , please Love me , please, just a little bit longer Together we can make it Our love is much too young to break it Love me , please, just a little bit harder I think I can work it out I can't get enough I want you tomorrow Love me , please, just a little bit longer Together we can make it Our love is much too young to break it Love me , please, just a little bit longer Together we can make it Our love is much too young to break it 12 My Eternal Love I gave you something for nothing my love This apparition of living your lie I had the power but you stole control my love I need you close to me I can't deny It's your night world Places I've never known All of the wonders lay before me I pray this heaven never stops It's your night world Things are revealed to me And all the arms cannot hold you XXII I will see your face in the morning sunrise Hear your crying every lonely winter long I need your body and soul to get me through Holding me over you So don't tell me that I came one love too late No other women would I place so high above I'll that the little that I get in return for My eternal love When you're lonely you cry baby cry What they give you when the dream is not enough This is the hour and the candles are burning My eternal love, my eternal love I get to watch you when the moon is full Time to love you when the others are gone Though what I follow may be fictional I need to be with you or I may die In your night world Doors that are open wide Then can make my promise to you You will hear my voice in the mountain thunder Feel me loving you across the universe And when the pieces are whole There's me and you, you and me eternally I may be broken but I try baby try Whatever gets you are the things that I must I'd like to hit you with a little of my Eternal love for you I will be with you when my sweet baby cries You let me give you what the dream is worthy of This is the hour and the candles are burning My eternal love, my eternal love XXIII My eternal love I'll take the little that I get in return for My eternal love I may be lonely but I'll try baby try You let me give you what the dream is worthy of This is the hour and the candles are burning My eternal love I will be with you when you cry baby cry You let me give you what the dream is worthy of I'll take the little that I get in return for My eternal love 13 Someone to believe in We all need somebody Some stranger in the dark You know I really love to love you I gave it everything I got To find you in someone else's arms But I was always dreamin' of you The kind of love you follow Not without a reason Every last tomorrow Every single season Hold me in your power Drag me through the fire Watch me writhe in agony Make me bleed and all I need Is someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Why I need someone to believe in XXIV Black night and thunder Under your spell ,you see the man With the urge to go home with you One soul forever lost in your far off distant land No one watches you like I All of life's emotions All that love can give you To convey the feeling Someone's got to love you right now Hearts of fire Burning in the night Tell you that's what love is But what I really mean is All I need is someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in All I need , all I need (break) Hold me in your power Drag me through the fire Watch me writhe in agony Make me bleed and all I need is Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in XXV Someone to believe in Someone to believe in Someone to believe in (fade out) 14 Shadow dancing You got me looking at that heaven in your eyes I was chasing your direction I was telling you no lies And I was loving you When the words are said, baby, I lose my head And in a world of people, there's only you and I There ain't nothing come between us in the end How can I hold you when you ain't even mine Only you can see me through I leave it up to you Do it light, taking me through the night Shadow dancing, baby you it right Give me more, drag me across the floor Shadow dancing, all this and nothing more All that I need is just one moment in your arms I was chasing your affection I was doing you no harm And I was loving you Make it shine, make it rain, baby I know my way I need that sweet sensation of living in your love I can't breathe when you're away, it pulls me down You are the question and the answer am I Only you can see me through I leave it up to you Do it light, taking me through the night Shadow dancing, baby you it right XXVI Give me more, drag me across the floor Shadow dancing, all this and nothing more And in this world of people there's only you and I There ain't nothing come between us in the end Ah, can I hold you when you ain't even mine Only you can see me through I leave it up to you Do it light, taking me through the night Shadow dancing, baby you it right Give me more, drag me across the floor Shadow dancing, all this and nothing more 15 Too much heaven Nobody gets too much heaven no more It's much harder to come by I'm waiting in line Nobody gets too much love anymore It's as high as a mountain And harder to climb Oh you and me girl Got a lot of love in store And it flows through you And it flows through me And I love you so much more Then my life I can see beyond forever Ev'rything we are will never die Loving's such a beautiful thing Oh you make my world a summer day Are you just a dream to fade away Nobody gets too much heaven no more XXVII It's much harder to come by I'm waiting in line Nobody gets too much love anymore It's as high as a mountain And harder to climb You and me girl got a highway to the sky We can turn away from the night and day And the tears you had to cry You're my life I can see a new tomorrow Ev'rything we are will never die Loving's such a beautiful thing When you are to me, the light above Made for all to see our precious love Nobody gets too much heaven no more It's much harder to come by I'm waiting in line Nobody gets too much love anymore It's as high as a mountain And harder to climb Love is such a beautiful thing You make my world a summer day Are you just a dream to fade away Nobody gets too much heaven no more It's much harder to come by I'm waiting in line Nobody gets too much love anymore It's as high as a mountain And harder to climb XXVIII Nobody gets too much love anymore It's as wide as a river and harder to cross Nobody gets too much heaven no more It's much harder to come by I'm waiting in line Nobody gets too much love anymore It's as high as a mountain And harder to climb (repeat and fade) 16 You know it’s for you I would die for you I have cried for you ,believe me girl Don't you think it's time you made up your own mind? All my love's for you All I do's for you Still I think it's time you made up your own mind A melody, my symphony You know it's for you, love It's plain to see, it's meant to be Now it's up to you, love Still I'll wait for you Waiting just for you, don't leave me girl Don't you think it's time you made up your own mind? Love is here for you Love was made for you, believe me girl Don't you think it's time you gave up? You are mine La da da la dee da dee da-ee-a-ee-a-ee-a-ee-ah La da da la dee da dee da-ee-a-ee-a-ee-a-ee-ah Doo doo doo doo doo doo , You know it's for you (repeat more times + fade) XXIX 17 You are my love We can talk it over You are alone like me I could feel when you arrived There was nothing in your eyes In your emotions Never be another for i believe in you Can there be trouble in the night Am i fighting for the right Of your devotion Don't take the lies that you heard They don't mean a word You are my love I just can't let you of you That my love won't ever Just like before You are my love Far beyond all space and time Heaven let me call you mine So if you wanna be , stay with me I don't wanna be a shoulder you can cry on Only make it like we were We can ride on the stormy weather There forever on earth You are my love I just can't let go of you Born to be in all you You are my destiny , all of me (break) XXX We can be an island An island worlds away Where love is written in the sand And the stars take command Of our emotions This is my message i cry I won't let it die You are my love I just can't let go of you Born to be in all you You are my destiny , stay with me You are my love I just can't let go of you Born to be in all you Just like before You are my love Far beyond all space and time Heaven let me call you mine You are my destiny You are my love (fade) 18 Voice in the wilderness It's another woman Hey, it could be me, it could be anyone Yeah, she got the energy to blind the sun And she make me glow She sparkle and i see the light I miss her every moment she is out of sight She's a necessity My baby keeps rolling me XXXI Watch her glide This girl is bonafide She's got what causes chaos She's got the power that i can't explain Blowing through each other like a hurricane Look at me, i'm twenty-seven stories high There may be somebody else and, I don't want to live like that No, i don't want to live like that Don't want to live like that No, i don't want to live like that, live like that Just another voice in the wilderness Stick with me forever Cross my heart and hope to die You should give me everything and so will i And the world will know I say i will not lie You know more lovers than one for some become a necessity My baby keeps rolling me Live on stage Exposing my jealous rage Life can be complicated I give you something you can talk about Love is like a prison and you can't get out These things are hard to find You say the world is flat but I don't want to live like that No, i don't want to live like that XXXII Don't want to live like that No, i don't want to live like that, live like that Just another voice in the wilderness Walking through the fire Running like a river 'til the race is won I'm risking everything to be someone I will stick by you We know but we will not fail Lifting of the spirit and the flesh prevails And the fight is on This love, it keeps rolling on Watch me fly Into the clear blue sky This is the age of wonder I am the one I don't want to live like that No, i don't want to live like that I don't want to live like that, live like that Just another voice in the wilderness 19 Where are you Where are you (where are you) Night is day and day is night Where are you (where are you) Need you girl you're not in sight Our love would grow , but you leave and I know that you don't love me (where are you) I need you girl ,you're not in sight I told you (I told you) I was never coming back -ah You told me (You told me) XXXIII You would give my love the sack-ah Now as I fly , you won't tell me goodbye 'cause you don't love me (where are you) Now you give my love the sack-ah Now as my heart lies in pieces of eight You were a part of my love but too late I love you (I love you) This I think that you should know I'll be blue (I'll be blue) You are still 'cause I must I'd like to stay but I know you won't play and see things my way (where are you) You are still 'cause I must go You are still 'cause I must I must go (where are you ) 20 Will you ever let me I've come to feel that you're a blessing in disguise, Find a way of making sure Is what you show to me the devil in your eyes? Are you the killer or the cure? I could be the fire you start At just the mention of your name I rise and I rise up to heaven, my love, And let you shoot me down in flames You don't take me serious, Too insane to see you're just too good to be true, And I don't sympathize with those Who crawl home to you Your head is on the line, you find no other love And I would go through hell for you Tell me, will you ever let me in? Tell me, will you ever let me in? XXXIV Maybe the trick is to be taken by surprise, And, lady, be wise, beware The way to make you make that final sacrifice, The dream is real for those who dare I will redefine your life We remember till we die When love is in motion who needs More than this, And soon we know what passion is All is fair in love and war It's what I'm fighting for, but you're just too good To be true, And I don't sympathize with those Who crawl home to you Your head is on the line, you find no other love And I would go through hell for you Tell me, will you ever let me in? Tell me, will you ever let me in? I will be the fire you start At just the mention of your name All is fair in love and war, You know what I'm fighting for, Love has shot me serious, Right between the eyes, You're just too good To be true, And I don't sympathize with those Who crawl home to you Your head is on the line, you find no other love And I would go through hell for you Tell me, will you ever let me in? Tell me, will you ever let me in? XXXV ... Bee Gees 52 Table 3: Structural Metaphors in lyrics of Bee Gees twenty songs 53 Table 4: List of Ontological Metaphors in lyrics by Bee Gees 54 Table 5: Ontological Metaphors in lyrics of Bee Gees ... ontological metaphors of love are employed in lyrics by Bee Gees? What are the possible suggestions for English teaching and learning through conceptual metaphors of love in lyrics by Bee Gees? 1.4... appearance of conceptual metaphors of love in the songs the author would like to focus on In addition, the study on the conceptual metaphors in lyrics by Bee Gees will contribute a new direction of love