1 INTRODUCTION Reason for choosing topic of the thesis Protecting national interests (NIs) is a matter of law, is the strategic task of every country Protecting NIs is a matter of law for all types of countries, socialist countries are no exception Therefore, every country must pay special attention to enhance combined strengths in order to ensure comprehensive and effective protection of its NIs Protecting interests of socialist state is the sum of positive and self-aware activities of both the political system and all the people, in order to preserve and strengthen NIs, fight against all violations against NIs of hostile forces in every situation to directly protect the vital interests, the existence and development benefits of the socialist state Protecting interests of socialist state is a strategic task under the leadership of the communist party, the centralized and unified management of the socialist state V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs are an invaluable spiritual property for communist parties of socialist states to effectively implement in protecting their NIs Complying with the theory of Marxism - Leninism, directly the Leninist thought about the protecting NIs is a principal issue to comprehensively and effectively protect the interests of socialist states Lenin - the genius leader of the proletariat, directly the leader of the Russian revolution, made great contributions both in the theoretical and practical aspects in protecting the interests of socialist states Even in the first years after the victory of the Great Russian October socialist revolution, Lenin clearly recognized the position and importance of protecting NIs and economic, political, national security and defence challenges against a fledgling government in carrying out this task Since then, he soon studied and identified the principles, rules, contents, subjects, methods, forces and power to protect NIs He and the Russian Bolshevik Party successfully defended NIs of Soviet Union under the resistance of the invading empires That theory and practice have been and continue to serve as a scientific basis for communist and socialist parties to study, learn and apply to protect their NIs In the process of leading Vietnamese revolution, President Ho Chi Minh and our Communist Party always applied faithfully and creatively V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs in planning and implementing the protection of Vietnam's NIs with many great achievements 2 For more than 30 years of renovation, Vietnamese Communist Party has clearly defined the directing opinion of protecting NIs “Ensuring the supreme interests of the nation on the basis of the fundamental principles of international law, equality and mutual benefits, consistently implementing the independent, autonomous, peaceful, cooperative and developmental policies in foreign relations; diversifying and multilateralizing foreign relations; being proactive and active in international integration; being a friend, trusted partner and responsible member of the international community” [24, p 153] However, along with the achievements, in the practice of protecting NIs, there are still shortcomings and limitations The awareness about protecting NIs in some places with a deviant tendency has been directly affecting the cause of protecting NIs Currently, the protection NIs of Vietnam is subjected to multi-dimensional impacts of many factors, further demanding more loyalty and creativity in implementing thoughts of Lenin in The situation of the world and the region will have many complicated developments, creating both opportunities and challenges for protecting NIs Peace, national independence, democracy, cooperation and development are still major trends Globalization, international integration, scientific and technological revolution, knowledge-based economy continues to be promoted Asia - Pacific, including Southeast Asia has become a community, continuing to be an important centre for dynamic development with the increased importance in geographic - economic - political position; At the same time, this is also a strategic competitive area between a number of big countries, with many uncertainties; territorial disputes, sovereignty over sea and islands in the region and the South China Sea In the country, the nation's overall strength increases, the country's international reputation has been increasingly enhanced; international integration is getting more intensive and extensive Opportunities for development are more and more available However, there are still many difficulties and challenges: The four risks pointed out by the Communist Party still exist; Degeneration of political ideas, morality, lifestyle, expression of "self-evolutions", "self-transformation" in a part of cadres, party members, civil servants and officials The socio-political situation in some areas is also potentially at risk of instability Therefore, the study of Lenin in’s thoughts on protecting NIs has positively contributed to clarify theoretical contents about protecting NIs in Vietnam today; equipping scientific and revolutionary reasoning skills for working class and people to work and fight, smash all intrigues and tricks of violating sovereignty, territorial integrity, protect the Party and State, protect the people, protect the socialist regime All of these factors are posing many new problems and requirements for the cause of protecting NIs in Vietnam today, further demanding good and deeper understanding and application of Lenin in’s thoughts in protecting NIs in Vietnam today For the above reasons, the topic: "V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today" was chosen for the thesis with urgent and theoretical significance Purposes of tasks of the study Purposes of the study The study clarifies V.I.Lenin’s content and ideological value on protecting NIs; accordingly it plans the direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present Tasks of the study The study gives an overview of the thesis-related situation The study clarifies the scientific basis to form V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs; the concept of NIs, protection of NIs; V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NIs and NIs protection The study clarifies the fundamental content and V.I.Lenin’s ideological value on protecting NIs The study provides the direction to apply into Vietnam’s NIs protection at the present Object and scope of the study Object of the study V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs and the direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs Scope of the study The study focuses on the contents of V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs of Soviet Russian socialism and Soviet and the direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present In terms of time: V.I.Lenin’s ideology form 1895 to 1924, focusing from 1917 to 1924; the direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NIs at the present Practical and theoretical basis and methodology Theoretical basis The study is conducted basing on Marxism-Leninism of NI, NI protection Practical basis The actual theoretical research and V.I.Lenin’s leadership on the cause of Soviet Russian’s NIs protection and Soviet (1917 to 1924); the reality of Vietnam’s NIs protection in the innovative cause Methodology The study uses the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, combined with the use of methods of analysis and synthesis; history and logic; generalization and abstraction; sociological investigation methods, etc to fulfil the purposes and tasks of the study New contributions of the research The study primarily provides the scientific basis to form V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting NIs; the concept of NIs, protection of NI; V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NIs and NIs protection The study clarifies the fundamental content and V.I.Lenin’s ideological value on protecting NIs The study proposes the direction to apply that ideology into Vietnam’s NI at the present Theoretical and practical significance of the study The findings of the study contribute to provide the scientific arguments in identifying the direction to improve the application of V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting Vietnam’s NIs at the present The study can be used as references researching and teaching the related issues at academies and schools nowadays Structure of the thesis The thesis includes: Introduction, chapters (12 periods), Conclusions, list of scientific works of the author related to the dissertation, list of references and Appendices 5 Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS-RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 The foreign works related to the thesis 1.1.1 The works on interest, national interests National interest is the strategic problem of every nation Thus, there have been several works worldwide researching on this issue to analyse and apply into addressing NIs in different specific aspect The works on interest Typical authors and their works are listed here below: Mark Lenin’s sociology by V.Đôbơrianốp; National security strategy and its expansion commitment by American President William.J.Clintơn; Investigation into big changes in American military strategy by Tran Ba Khoa; American commitment in extending American new global strategy by Le Ba Thuyen; American crucial benefits Zêm A.Đônôvan; Social benefit: unity and diversity by V.A.Vassev; An analysis on Russian economic transformation and benefit distribution by Ong Tuan Binh and Cao Tu Binh These above works have thoroughly touched upon and stated that the interest plays a decisive role in development strategy of every nation The works on national interest Typically: “Restate national interests” published on Journal of International Relations in 11/1999; “South-East Asian in American national security strategy after the cold war” by Nguyen Thi Le, published on Journal of South-East Asian, Volume 3, 2007; “National interests - the foundation for planning American national security strategy” by Vo Hai Minh, published on Journal named “Economic and political issues in the world”, Volume 12 (128), 2006; “China’s national interest in relation with ASEAN”, published on Journal of Pacific Asian economy, Volume 289 (11/2009); “On national interest and China’s relations with big countries and neighbouring countries” by Nguyen Phuong, published on Journal of Research on China, Volume (141), 2013 By different approaches, these works have thoroughly interpreted national interest a variety of fields such as economics, politics, culture, defence, security and foreign affairs, which serve as the basis and driving force for social development of each country 6 1.1.2 The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest, national interest protection The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest Typically: Principles of Leninism by J.V.Stalin; On internationalism and nationalism by Luu Thieu Ky These works have interpreted V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest in the class struggle between working class and the proletariat according to the ideology of MarxismLeninism in order to protect the interest of Russian working class and workers in the communist movement and international workers The works on V.I.Lenin’s ideology on national interest protection Typical works: V.I.Lenin in the days of November by N.Cơrupscaia; V.I.Lenin’s leadership in defending Soviet by N.P.Cudơmin; V.I.Lênin’s career is alive and of victory by L.I.Bơrêgiơnhép; Lenin’s principle in building new type of Party by J.V.Stalin; Issues on Leninism by J.V.Stalin; Hoi Ky Memoir about V.I.Lenin by V.A.Cacpinxki; Leninism’s foundations by J.V.Stalin; Theoretical issues on the excessive period from capitalism to socialism by I.A.Đôrôsép, M.F.Makarava, A.V.Tusunốp; V.I.Lênin on the State of socialism by I.Lốcchiép; V.I.Lenin’s style in working and the Party’s leadership by M.M.Vaxerơ These works contribute to clarify V.I.Lenin’s ideology on NI protection, the indispensability, content, subject, method, force, strength and value of V.I.Lenin’s NIs protection to deal with the hostile forces and to develop the country, bringing about great benefits for Russian working class and workers 1.2 The domestic works related to the thesis 1.2.1 The works on interest There are a numbers of works on interest in Vietnam, typically: Community of Vietnam nation by Dang Nghiem Van; A contribution to researching interest relations by Nguyen Linh Khieu; Driving force for socio-economic development by Nguyen Linh Khieu; The role of interest with social development by Dang Quang Dinh; Building socialism in Vietnam, the origin and motivation by Le Huu Tang; On the conflict of interest today by Ho Ba Tham; Relationship between personal interest and social ethics in the market economy in Vietnam today by Pham Van Duc; The issue of combining different types of interests in the cause of protecting and developing the country in Vietnam by Pham Van Duc; Distributing interest in the socialistoriented market economy by Vu Thanh Son; Practical and theoretical groups of interest by Le Thai Duong; Addressing peacefully the border and territory dispute: Theory and practice by Dang Dinh Quy and Nguyen Thi Lan Anh These above works have analysed and clearly stated the role, origin, motivation of interest for the social development and pointed out the nature of interest in social relations and its effects on development of the market economy, NIs protection in Vietnam today 1.2.2 The works on national interest and national interest protection Typically: Ensuring harmonious interest of intellects in international economic integration of Vietnam by Ngo Tuan Nghia; Interest of employees working in foreign-invested companies in Vietnam today by Le Xuan Thuy; Maintaining national independence and sovereignty in the cause of building and protecting socialist Vietnam Fatherland by Dang Duy Thin; “Farmers’ interests” by Nguyen Danh Son, published on Journal of Economics These works have clarified the practical and theoretical basis on interest in the cause of building and protecting socialist Vietnam Fatherland, contributing to build Vietnam working class in the new situation and ensure its position in the global process 1.2.3 The works on applying V.I.Lenin’s ideology on interest, national interest protection Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy with the book Development and creative application V.I.Lenin’s ideology into the reality of Vietnam revolution This book touches upon systems of V.I.Lenin’s views and thoughts in terms of economics, politics, philosophy, scientific socialism, nation, religion, culture, society, party building and state government; flexible application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into building socialism in Vietnam This book also mentions different points of NIs, ways of protecting and developing NIs Political Academy - Ho Chi Minh National Administration has published the Conference Proceedings on V.I.Lenin’s heritage in the current world and the innovative cause in Vietnam The book consists of 124 articles at National Conference The authors have thoroughly and completely presented V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on different aspects of social life, combining between building and fighting, actively protecting achievements of proletariat revolution and interest of Russian working class and workers Accordingly, some papers deal with Vietnam Communist Party’s application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into building and protecting the country Other typical works include: New thinking on national independence and sovereignty and protection of national independence and sovereignty in the global and regional era and international economic integration by Le Van Quang; Protection of national independence and sovereignty in the globalization by Nguyen Hoang Giap; Renovating, improving the management efficiency, national border protection in the new situation by Do Nhat Tan; Application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on the Party’s leadership into our country today by Pham Ngoc Quang; V.I.Lenin’s views on building the army in terms of politics and our Party’s application into the Vietnam people’s Army by Le Van Phong; Application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into building the legal State in our country today by Mach Quang Thang These works have thoroughly analysed the application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts into NIs protection in our country, which have obtained significant achievements in fighting for national independence and innovative period At the same time, they have pointed out requirements and contents of NIs protection in Vietnam today 1.3 Brief findings of published works and the issues that require further solutions from the thesis 1.3.1 Brief findings of published works and the issues related to the thesis There have been many scientific works in and outside the country, under different approaches, researching interests, national interests, protecting national interests; application of Lenin's thoughts on protecting NIs These documents are of great scientific values, helping the author thesis to study, refer to and inherit in the process of implementing the thesis: "V.I.Lenin’s ideology on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today” Researching scientific works related to the thesis, main findings could be generalized as the following: Firstly, the above scientific works studied, analysed and explained comprehensively and specifically contents of interests, basis for formulation of interests, conceptions of NIs, protecting NIs The interests are relatively different for countries with different political regimes Interests of socialist countries were also explained clearly with emphasis on the leadership of the communist party, therefore, interests of classes, people and nation are basically unified, because, the Communist Party is a representative of the interests of the class, the nation and the whole society These are important and valuable issues in terms of methodology and practical meaning for the author to select absorb and study in a systematic way to serve the thesis research Secondly, with different approaches, scientific works basically presented the Leninist ideological system of material interests, mental interests of the working class and working people of Soviet Union and the protection of those interests under all circumstances The authors emphasized the value of Lenin's thoughts on protecting the achievements of the Great October Revolution, the process of flexible implementation of protecting NIs, protecting NIs of socialist countries, protecting compressed nations and slavery nations in the world The authors properly interpreted the thoughts of Lenin about the true NIs with persuasion and effectiveness of both theory and practice Fighting against personal interests or the idea of only protecting NIs of their countries without respecting the interests of other countries These scientific works, although, have some differences, they have provided the author relatively comprehensive judgments on documents and data to inherit, select, serve the research process in order to propose the orientations on applying the protection NIs in Vietnam today Thirdly, the above-mentioned research projects using the thought of Lenin in protecting Nis of socialist states presented a systematic way of applying the thought of Lenin in the specific circumstances of the countries including Vietnam Vietnamese Party affirmed that: without MarxismLeninism, without the October Revolution, there would certainly be no 1945 August revolution of Vietnam, establishing the first industrial and agricultural government in Southeast Asia In particular, the authors clarified the idea of Lenin on the task of protecting Nis from the creative development of the Marxist and Engels’ ideas on armed protection of the socialist revolution This is really an important document for the author to refer and inherit the necessary contents for the thesis Overall, the scientific projects related to the thesis all carefully and systematically studied, with both practical and theoretical values They are very important source of material for the author to refer, inherit, absorb and serve the construction and effective implementation of this thesis 10 1.3.2 Issues for the thesis to deal with Due to the different purpose of research and approach, the above works did not directly and comprehensively study the system of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs and the orientation for application in Vietnam today Therefore, the thesis continues to study and solve the following issues: Firstly, continue to research and clarify the scientific basis of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs This is one of the important contents of the thesis On the basis of inheriting published documents and works, the author will analyse and clarify the theoretical basis - based on the previous scientific premise but most directly being the inheritance and development of Marxism; practical basis - the process in which Lenin and the Bolshevik Party of Russia conducted leadership to protect the interests and revolutionary achievements in the civil war as well as to protect the Soviet Union, to oppose the invasion of imperialism, to protect the national defence and sovereignty territory Secondly, continue to study and analyse the basic contents and ideological values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs Although the above mentioned work mentioned this content, it is incomplete Therefore, the author wanted to generalize the basic ideological values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs, protecting NIs in history and now so that the Communist Parties and Socialist States continue to study and apply and promote their ideas of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs Thirdly, propose orientation for effective use of that thought of Lenin in protecting NIs in Vietnam today In revolutionary times, Vietnamese Communist Party and the State applied faithfully and creatively the thought of Lenin in protecting NIs effectively and successfully There are also scientific works that have mentioned some contents related to applying the idea of Lenin in protecting NIs in Vietnam, but not yet very systematically Moreover, there are new factors affecting the cause of protecting NIs Therefore, on the basis of inheriting the results of these projects, analysing the current situation of changes, the author proposed orientations for effective and creative application of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting Nis in Vietnam in a comprehensive and systematic manner Thus, from the above-mentioned issues, it can be affirmed that until now there has not been any scientific work that researches 11 basically, systematically and comprehensively V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today Therefore, the thesis topic does not overlap other research works and has practical and theoretical significance Conclusion of Chapter In chapter 1, the author reviews 25 foreign research projects and 23 domestic research projects related to the thesis topic with many different genres At the same time, the author also researches and clearly identifies the issues that need to be addressed The above works have contributed to clarify the theoretical and practical issues related to the protection of national interests in general and in Vietnam in particular The overview, on the one hand, creates favourable conditions for the author to study, inherit the scientific values that the researches have achieved for his thesis On the other hand, it provides information, helping the author more deeply aware of the issues that the previous works have not mentioned or researched or insufficiently studied Chapter SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FORMATION AND V.I.LENIN IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPT ON PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS - SOME THEORETICAL ISSUES 2.1 Scientific basis for formation and development of V.I.Lenin's thoughts on protecting national interests The basis of scientific formation and development of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests of socialist states is the combination of objective conditions and subjective factors of Lenin It is inheriting the ideological essence of mankind, directly the thought of Karl Marx and Engels on the interests of working class and the working people, applying creatively to the world situation, the reality of Russia at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century With excellent intellectual qualities, strong proletarian stance, clever combination of practical revolutionary activities and theoretical research, Lenin supplemented and developed Marxism in a comprehensive way, including the idea about the national interests, protecting Nis of socialist states to a new height Moreover, he and the Bolshevik Party of Russia led the people to realize that idea in successfully defending Nis of Soviet Russia and of the Soviet Union 12 2.1.1 Reality of the world situation, Russia in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century 2.1.1.1 Reality of the world situation in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century At the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, capitalist production developed strongly State monopoly capitalism emerged, expanding markets, developing throughout Europe Imperialism expanded war of aggression, conquering colonies, infringing upon sovereignty, national interests, and national independence of countries in the world, making the situation for proletarian revolution and socialist states to come, which required Lenin to pay attention to the issue of socialist national interests 2.1.1.2 The situation of Russia in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century Revolutionary centre moved into Russia The situation and opportunities for proletarian revolution came, the Russian Revolution in October 1917 broke out and won, the first socialist country in the world was born; the task of protecting national interests was set directly The Russian Soviet nation was born 14 imperialist countries besieged and made war with the intention of killing the young Russia The issue of protecting the revolutionary achievements and national interests was directly and urgently set The task of defending the Fatherland, protecting the socialist national interests was directly put forward with Lenin, the Bolshevik Party of Russia and the Soviet authorities Protecting the interests of the Russian nation, the State of the Soviet Union set up new contents, new forms and measures 2.1.2 Marx and Engels’ ideas on national interests and protecting national interests The thought of Lenin on national interests, protecting national socialist interests inherited, developed the scientific and revolutionary thoughts of Mark and Engels on national interests on the following matters: 2.1.2.1 Ideas of C Marx and Engels on national interests Marxism conceived that national interests were always tied to the ruling class interests, firstly reflecting the core interests of the ruling class 13 In the capitalist countries, national interests were closely linked to the interests of the bourgeoisie, conflicting, opposing the national interests and genuine national interests The bourgeoisie at the time conceived that bourgeoisie national interests must be the interests of the bourgeois individual and the bourgeoisie National interests had comprehensive content but were expressed firstly in economic interests In the socialist countries, the interests of the communists agreed with the interests of the proletariat and the whole nation In the socialist regime, only the proletariat could solve the harmony between national interests - people’s interests - class and international interests Because historical circumstances did not allow, K.Marx and Engels did not give a complete conception of socialist national interests However, K.Marx and Engels mentioned, explained scientifically and intensively the most common issues on the law of formation and development from the capitalist nationalist state to the socialist states, on the leadership of the communist party, the basic interests of working-class, the people in the struggle to implement historical mission of working class 2.1.2.2 The ideas of Marx and Engels on protecting national interests Protection of sovereignty and territory is the vital interest of every nation, uncompromising In order to protect national interests, the proletariat of each country must first take over the government, try to become the national class itself, to become a nation itself To protect national interests, revolutionary action of working class in countries around the world must be coordinated Actively and proactively protect the revolutionary achievements of the proletariat Although K Marx and Engels did not give a complete concept of protecting NIs, they pointed out: The proletariat state (the Paris Commune with the form of proletarian dictatorship), class alliance (working class and other classes in society), the issue of Party of working class and a range of other issues on socialism principles These are important ideas on protecting revolutionary achievements in the socialist revolution - the core content of the socialist national interests that V.I.Lenin inherited and developed later 14 2.1.3 Practical activities, theoretical study of Lenin in the international communist and worker movement 2.1.3.1 Practical activities of Lenin with Bolshevik Party in the international communist and worker movement Practice of Lenin and the Bolshevik Party in leading and directing people to protect the interests of Soviet Russia Lenin and the Bolshevik Party led the working class, farmers, and the Red Army to carry out the cause of protecting the interests of the Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union Lenin led and organized the international communist and worker movement, protecting the interests of oppressed nations in the world and of Soviet Russia 2.1.3.2 The theoretical research activities of Lenin supplemented and developed Marxism in general and protected national interests in particular Theoretical research of Lenin on protecting national interests showed the following main activities: Lenin studied the theory and summarized the practice of protecting national interests of Soviet Russia Lenin struggled uncompromisingly against non-Marxist thoughts to protect the interests of the working class and the working people Lenin struggled against populism Lenin struggled against Proudhon’s idea to protect the interests of the working people Vilinin resolutely struggled and opposes the thought of Charles Conte’s ideas on land 2.2 The concept of national interests, protecting national interests, V.I.Lenin’st houghts on protecting national interests 2.2.1 The concept of national interests, protecting national interests, V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on national interests * Concept of interests The interest is an objective social phenomenon that exists in the social life of human beings, associated with the subject that arises in practical activities, which is beneficial and useful to satisfy rich and needs in physical and mental forms of human beings in a certain socio-economic political condition * The concept of national interests National interests are all the physical and spiritual values that constitute the necessary conditions for the existence and development 15 of the nation, being aware and transformed into foreign policy and domestic policy in all areas of social life in each certain period The socialist national interests are all the physical and spiritual values constitute the necessary conditions for the existence and development of the socialist nations, which have been conceived and transformed into foreign policy, domestic policy to lead and direct people to meet the needs of peace, construction, protection and development of revolutionary achievements of socialism in a certain historical period * Lenin’s thoughts on national interests Lenin’s thoughts on national interests are the whole system of conceptions, views on material and spiritual values that constitute the necessary conditions for the existence and development of nations, being conceived and transformed into the foreign and domestic policies of the communist party, the socialist state, taking place in all areas of social life, in order to meet the needs of the working class, the working people and the whole nation in each certain historical period Lenin’s thoughts on national interests have a broad connotation of all the material and spiritual values of the working class, the working people and the community of ethnic groups expressed in the socialist country, in which the highest values are peace and socialism 2.2.2 The concept protecting national interests, V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests On the basis of selectively inheriting relevant projects researching Lenin’s thoughts, the author of the thesis conceives national interests as the overall activities of the state and people according to the standpoint of the ruling class in order to preserve, consolidate and develop all material and spiritual values that constitute necessary conditions for the existence and development of one nation, against all acts of violating interests of hostile forces in every situation Protecting the national socialist interest is all activities of the state and the whole people under the leadership of the communist party in order to preserve, strengthen and develop all material and spiritual values that constitute necessary conditions for the existence and development of the socialist states, against all conspiracies and acts of violating interests of hostile forces in every situation 16 Thus, protecting the socialist national interests is to protect all material and spiritual values in both natural - historical and political - social aspects so that the socialist nation can exist and develop, in which protecting the national independence and socialist regime is the major content The content of protecting national interests is peace and socialism, maximizing external resources to develop the nation, improve people's lives; resolutely, persistently struggle to firmly defend the independence, sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity of the Fatherland, protect the communist party, the socialist state, the people and the socialist regime This is the streamline and main goal and content of protecting national interests - directing all activities of the entire political system and all citizens in each socialist country The goal of protecting national interests is to preserve, strengthen and develop national socialist interests, attaching importance to maintaining a peaceful environment, successfully building socialism in the country, contributing to promoting world revolutionary movement The subject of protecting national interests is both the political system and the people, under the leadership of the communist party The method of protecting national interests is to combine methods of building, consolidating, developing benefits and fighting against all activities against the national social interests that take place in all fields such as economy, politics, culture, society, in all domestic, regional and international relations The power to protect national interests is combined strength of the nation in politics, ideology, economy, society, culture, defence, security and foreign affairs, which is a close combination of internal power and external strength, national strength and the strength of the era, in which the internal strength of the country, the power of the socialist political regime, the power of the entire nation are the decisive factor * Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is the result of the succession and development of Marxism in the specific conditions of Russia, including a comprehensive and profound system of views on national interests, protecting national interests in order to preserve, strengthen and develop socialist national interests, resist all intrigues and act to violate those national interests of all hostile forces and enemies in all situations 17 Lenin’s thoughts on national interests, protecting national interests aim to preserve, strengthen and develop socialist national interests, against all intrigues and acts0020of infringing upon the national interests of all forces at home and abroad in every situation All of the theoretical issues presented above are the theoretical "framework" for us to approach the content of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests Conclusion of Chapter The scientific basis for formation and development of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting socialist national interests is the combination of objective conditions and subjective factors of Lenin He inherited the ideological essence of mankind, directly the thoughts of Karl Marx and Engels on the benefits of the working class and the working people, applying creatively to the world situation, the reality of Russia at the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century; With excellent intellectual qualities, firmly supporting the proletarian standpoint, clever combination of practical revolutionary activities and theoretical research, Lenin supplemented and developed Marxism in a comprehensive way, taking the ideas on Nis and protecting socialist national interests to a new height Moreover, he and the Bolshevik Party of Russia led the people to realize that idea in protecting national interests of Soviet Russia and then the Soviet Union Therefore, his name is placed with the name of Marx; Marxism has been added, developed into Marxism-Leninism Lenin’s thought on protecting the socialist national interests is the result of the inheritance and development of Marxism in the specific conditions of Russia, which is a system of comprehensive and profound views on Nis, protecting Nis in order to preserve, consolidate and develop the socialist national interests, against any conspiracy and acts of violating those interests of all forces in any situation; being the invaluable spiritual property of the communist parties, the socialist states and the international communist and worker movement in the struggle to protect, build and develop Nis in history, present and the future Chapter BASIC CONTENTS AND VALUES OF V.I.LENIN’S THOUGHTS ON PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS 3.1 Basic content of Lenin’s thought on protecting national interests On the basis of properly identifying the basic issues of NIs, the basic ideas are that NIs are a historical and comprehensive 18 category; NIs are deeply classy; NIs are closely related to interests of classes and mankind, Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests are shown on the following basic contents: 3.1.1 Protecting socialist national interests is a matter of law of socialist revolution Protecting national interests is a lawful issue of all forms of states; associated with protecting the interests of the ruling class Protecting socialist national interests is an objective necessity of socialist countries When imperialism still exists, the risks of war are available, the proletariat must fight against the war of aggression to defend the Fatherland and protect the socialist national interests Protecting national interests of Soviet Russia is not only protecting a socialist country but also protecting the common interests of other socialist countries in the world 3.1.2 Protecting socialist national interests has comprehensive content Fully focusing on protecting independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity of the Russian Soviet Republic and the Soviet Union Protecting Soviet authority and socialist regime Protecting the economic, cultural and social regimes of the socialist nation Protecting the rights and interests of the working class, farmers and soldiers Protecting the rights and interests of peoples in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union Protecting legitimate rights and interests of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union in the international arena Protecting socialist national interests associated with defending the fruits of the international communist and worker movements, liberating colonial nations Lenin clarified that colonial nations also needed to protect their interests against other countries Lenin paid special attention to the inevitability and importance of the national liberation movement in colonial and semi-colonial countries 3.1.3 The subject of protecting Soviet interests is the whole Russian political system and people under the leadership of the Russian Communist Party According to Lenin, the subject of protecting socialist national interest is the entire proletariat dictatorship system and the 19 people with the core as the alliance of workers and farmers and intellectuals, under the leadership of the communist party The Russian Communist Party led the career of defending the interests of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union Soviet authorities organized and managed the cause of protecting national interests Protecting national interests must mobilize the entire people in which working class, farmers, and intellectuals are fundamental and essential forces The Army and the Navy were the military forces that fight against aggression and protected the nation's vital interests 3.1.4 Promoting the combined strength in protecting national interests of Soviet Russia The power for protecting national interests was the combined strength of the state and the entire people under the leadership of the Communist Party, the force for protecting national interests was the labour force, workers - farmers - soldiers under the leadership the Communist Party, the organization of Soviet Russian government; the combination of physical strength and mental strength, the interest in building and strongly promoting the political superiority - the spirit of the new social regime as a direct basis of the power for protecting national interests The power for protecting national interests was the strength of many factors, in all areas, including the following basic strengths: The power of the entire revolutionary force The power of the working mass, of workers - farmers soldiers under the leadership of the communist party, the management of the Soviet government; Combining domestic power and foreign support 3.1.5 Combined, flexible, creative methods to protect the national interests of Soviet Russia Mobilizing the country's full power to protect national interests Proactively enhancing the country's defensive capabilities Taking advantage of every opportunity, to uphold peace and all tricks to protect the socialist state at all costs Using a combination of forms of struggle: military struggle, economic struggle, diplomatic struggle to protect national interests Protecting national interests must be close and appropriate with the practical situation 3.2 The values of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests 20 3.2.1 Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests supplemented and developed the thought of Marxism about national interests and protecting national interests of the working class and the working people in particular, contributed to complement the theory of scientific socialism in general 3.2.2 Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests directly directed and organized the successful implementation of the revolutionary struggle to protect the national interests of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union 3.2.3 Lenin’s thoughts on national interests guided and directed the international communist and worker movement, the movement for national liberation, building and protecting the socialist homeland, including Vietnam to gain success 3.2.4 Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests were one of the important rationales for progressive countries around the world to apply to the struggle and protection of their national interests today Conclusion of Chapter The content of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is comprehensive and profound, reflected in the following issues: Protecting socialist national interests is a matter of law of all forms of states, including socialist states Protecting socialist national interests has comprehensive content The subject of protecting national interests of Soviet state is the whole political system and people of Russia under the leadership of the Russian Communist Party The power for protecting national interests was the combined strength of the state and the entire people under the leadership of the Communist Party, the force for protecting national interests was the labour force, workers - farmers - soldiers under the leadership the Communist Party Using in a flexible, creative and creative manner the methods of building, strengthening, developing benefits and fighting against all activities of infringing upon the socialist national interests Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is of great value: It added and developed the ideology of Marxism on national interests and protecting national interests of the working people in particular, contributing to supplementing and improving theory of social science in general; directly directed and organized the successful implementation of the revolutionary struggle to protect Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union; Lenin’s thoughts on national interests guided and directed the international communist and worker movement, the movement for national liberation, building and protecting the socialist homeland, including Vietnam to gain 21 success; Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests was one of the important rationale for progressive countries around the world to apply to the struggle and protection of their national interests today Chapter ORIENTATION FOR APPLICATION OF V.I.LENIN’S THOUGHTS ON NATIONAL PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS IN VIETNAM TODAY Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam today is to creatively apply Lenin’s thoughts into practice to determine the direction for protecting national interests of Vietnam to be right and in line with Vietnam's practical conditions, in order to consolidate, preserve and firmly develop interests of Vietnam nation and people, contributing to the successful implementation of the innovation for the goal of being rich, strong, democratic and civilized Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam today needs to focus on thorough understanding, planning and good implementation of the following contents: 4.1 Understanding views of the Communist Party and State on protecting national interests in Vietnam today 4.2 Firmly grabbing and handling the impact of factors and its volatility to enforce the protection of national interests in Vietnam today 4.3 Determining and implementing fully and comprehensively the content of protecting national interests of Vietnam today 4.4 Promoting the combined strength, flexibly and effectively using methods to protect national interests in Vietnam today 4.5 Promoting scientific research, summarizing theory and practice, protecting, supplementing and developing the theory of protecting national interests and fighting against and combating wrong and hostile views on protecting national interests in Vietnam today Conclusion of Chapter Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam today is to creatively apply Lenin’s thoughts to determine the direction for protecting national interests of Vietnam to be right and in line with Vietnam's practical conditions, in order to consolidate, preserve and firmly develop interests of Vietnam nation and people, contributing 22 to the successful implementation of the innovation for the goal of being rich, strong, democratic and civilized This is the responsibility of both the political system and the entire people Currently, application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam today needs to comply with the following contents: Understanding views of the Communist Party and State on protecting national interests in Vietnam today Firmly grabbing and handling the impact of factors and its volatility to enforce the protection of national interests in Vietnam today Determining and implementing fully and comprehensively the content of protecting national interests of Vietnam today Promoting the combined strength, flexibly and effectively using methods to protect national interests in Vietnam today Promoting scientific research, summarizing theory and practice, protecting, supplementing and developing the theory of protecting national interests and fighting against and combating wrong and hostile views on protecting national interests in Vietnam today CONCLUSION There have been many scientific researches on interests, NIs, protecting NIs; V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting NIs Basically, the above scientific works have analysed and interpreted comprehensively and specifically the content of interests, foundations for forming interests, concepts of NIs, protecting NIs; Lenin’s thoughts on interests; NIs, protecting socialist NIs; application of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting socialist NIs These documents are of great value in terms of science, helping the author of the thesis to study, refer to and inherit in the process of implementing the thesis However, so far, there has not been any scientific works that research systematically, completely and directly V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests and orientation for application in Vietnam today The basis of scientific formation and development of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests of socialist states is the combination of objective conditions and subjective factors of Lenin National interests are all the physical and spiritual values that constitute the necessary conditions for the existence and development of the nation, being aware and transformed into foreign policy and domestic policy in all areas of social life in each certain period to lead and direct people to meet the needs of peace, construction, protection and development of revolutionary achievements of socialism in a certain historical period Protecting the national socialist interest is all activities of the state and the whole people under the leadership of the communist 23 party in order to preserve, strengthen and develop all material and spiritual values that constitute necessary conditions for the existence and development of the socialist states, against all conspiracies and acts of violating interests of hostile forces in every situation The content of Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is comprehensive and profound, reflected in the following issues: Protecting socialist national interests is a matter of law of all forms of states, including socialist states Protecting socialist national interests has comprehensive content The subject of protecting national interests of Soviet state is the whole political system and people of Russia under the leadership of the Russian Communist Party The power for protecting national interests was the combined strength of the state and the entire people under the leadership of the Communist Party, the force for protecting national interests was the labour force, workers farmers - soldiers under the leadership the Communist Party Using in a flexible, creative and creative manner the methods of building, strengthening, developing benefits and fighting against all activities of infringing upon the socialist national interests Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests is of great value: It added and developed the ideology of Marxism on national interests and protecting national interests of the working people in particular, contributing to supplementing and improving theory of social science in general; directly directed and organized the successful implementation of the revolutionary struggle to protect Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union; Lenin’s thoughts on national interests guided and directed the international communist and worker movement, the movement for national liberation, building and protecting the socialist homeland, including Vietnam to gain success; Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests was one of the important rationale for progressive countries around the world to apply to the struggle and protection of their national interests today Orientation for application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam today is to creatively apply Lenin’s thoughts to determine the direction for protecting national interests of Vietnam to be right and in line with Vietnam's practical conditions, in order to consolidate, preserve and firmly develop interests of Vietnam nation and people, contributing to the successful implementation of the innovation for the goal of being rich, strong, democratic and 24 civilized This is the responsibility of both the political system and the entire people Currently, application of V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests into the cause of protecting national interests in Vietnam today needs to comply with the following contents: Understanding views of the Communist Party and State on protecting national interests in Vietnam today Firmly grabbing and handling the impact of factors and its volatility to enforce the protection of national interests in Vietnam today Determining and implementing fully and comprehensively the content of protecting national interests of Vietnam today Promoting the combined strength, flexibly and effectively using methods to protect national interests in Vietnam today Promoting scientific research, summarizing theory and practice, protecting, supplementing and developing the theory of protecting national interests and fighting against and combating wrong and hostile views on protecting national interests in Vietnam today V.I.Lenin’s thoughts on protecting national interests are theoretical and practical rich, lively and diversify, which relates comprehensively to the career and life of V.I.Lenin, the revolutionary cause of Russia, working class of Vietnam, of the world that took place in the context of the world more than a century ago The thoughts were presented by Lenin in many works in different approaches, using many different terms As a result, the research of his thoughts is no less complicated and difficult Therefore, despite efforts, the author thinks that the contents mentioned in the thesis are only the initial outline on the basic contents with unavoidable shortcomings The author is looking forward to the scientists having comments and contributions for the topic to be more practical and useful in the coming time  ... leadership in defending Soviet by N.P.Cudơmin; V. I. Lênin s career is alive and of victory by L .I. Bơrêgiơnhép; Lenin’s principle in building new type of Party by J .V. Stalin; Issues on Leninism by J .V. Stalin;... study The findings of the study contribute to provide the scientific arguments in identifying the direction to improve the application of V. I. Lenin’s ideology on protecting Vietnam’s NIs at the... V. I. Lenin’s thoughts into building socialism in Vietnam This book also mentions different points of NIs, ways of protecting and developing NIs Political Academy - Ho Chi Minh National Administration