Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom Christopher Gough Specialty Trainee in Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia (Dual CCT), Severn Deanery, United Kingdom Emma King Specialty Trainee in Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia (Joint CCT), Severn Deanery, United Kingdom Benjamin Plumb Specialty Trainee in Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia (Dual CCT), Severn Deanery, United Kingdom Benjamin Walton Consultant in Critical Care and Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107549302 C Keith Davies, Christopher Gough, Emma King, Benjamin Plumb, Benjamin Walton 2017 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2017 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Davies, Keith (Specialist in intensive care medicine), author Gough, Christopher, author King, Emma, 1980–, author Plumb, Benjamin, author Walton, Benjamin, author Single best answer questions for the final FFICM / Keith Davies, Christopher Gough, Emma King, Benjamin Plumb, Benjamin Walton Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2016 Includes bibliographical references and index LCCN 2015048884 ISBN 9781107549302 (hardback : alk paper) MESH: Critical Care Great Britain Examination Questions Classification: LCC RC86.9 NLM WX 18.2 DDC 616.02/8076–dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015048884 ISBN 978-1-107-54930-2 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information Contents Preface page vii Exam A: Questions Exam A: Answers Exam B: Questions 46 Exam B: Answers 54 Exam C: Questions 90 Exam C: Answers 98 Exam D: Questions 134 Exam D: Answers 142 Exam E: Questions 179 Exam E: Answers 187 Exam F: Questions 223 Exam F: Answers 231 Exam G: Questions 266 Exam G: Answers 274 Exam H: Questions 310 Exam H: Answers 318 Index 354 v www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information Preface Single best answer (SBA) questions can be notoriously difficult to answer, and practice is essential SBAs contain more grey areas than true/false questions, which gives them greater discrimination power, but makes them more demanding With 240 practice questions, this book will help with both SBA examination practice and revision across the whole range of topics demanded by the FFICM The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) oversees the training and registration of intensive care doctors in the United Kingdom To attain a Certificate of Completed Training (CCT) in Intensive Care Medicine (ICM), doctors must achieve fellowship of the FICM by passing the final examination (FFICM) The final FFICM has three sections: a multiple-choice written examination (MCQ), a structured oral examination (SOE) and an objective structured oral examination (OSCE) To be eligible to sit the oral sections of the examination, candidates must first pass the MCQ The MCQ is now made up of two types of question: 60 multiple true/false (MTF) questions and 30 SBA questions The companion publication to this volume (Multiple True False Questions for the Final FFICM, Cambridge University Press, 2015) has 270 example MTF questions with fully referenced explanations for practice and revision This volume complements the original by providing practice and revision for the SBA questions This volume contains eight practice SBA examinations with 30 questions each, followed by an expanded answer SBAs comprise a brief clinical case history followed by a question, often concerning the most likely diagnosis or best treatment The question is followed by five answer stems, each of which could plausibly be correct The candidate must then select the single best answer for the question The answer sections contain the correct answer, a short explanation of why the answer is the best of the five on offer and a long explanation which covers the topic of the original question and includes references for further reading This structure allows candidates to choose whether to use this book as quick practice or fuller revision vii www.cambridge.org Preface Single best answer (SBA) questions can be notoriously difficult to answer, and practice is essential SBAs contain more grey areas than true/false questions, which gives them greater discrimination power, but makes them more demanding With 240 practice questions, this book will help with both SBA examination practice and revision across the whole range of topics demanded by the FFICM The Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FICM) oversees the training and registration of intensive care doctors in the United Kingdom To attain a Certificate of Completed Training (CCT) in Intensive Care Medicine (ICM), doctors must achieve fellowship of the FICM by passing the final examination (FFICM) The final FFICM has three sections: a multiple-choice written examination (MCQ), a structured oral examination (SOE) and an objective structured oral examination (OSCE) To be eligible to sit the oral sections of the examination, candidates must first pass the MCQ The MCQ is now made up of two types of question: 60 multiple true/false (MTF) questions and 30 SBA questions The companion publication to this volume (Multiple True False Questions for the Final FFICM, Cambridge University Press, 2015) has 270 example MTF questions with fully referenced explanations for practice and revision This volume complements the original by providing practice and revision for the SBA questions This volume contains eight practice SBA examinations with 30 questions each, followed by an expanded answer SBAs comprise a brief clinical case history followed by a question, often concerning the most likely diagnosis or best treatment The question is followed by five answer stems, each of which could plausibly be correct The candidate must then select the single best answer for the question The answer sections contain the correct answer, a short explanation of why the answer is the best of the five on offer and a long explanation which covers the topic of the original question and includes references for further reading This structure allows candidates to choose whether to use this book as quick practice or fuller revision vii 03 Feb 2017 at 12:12:04 001 03 Feb 2017 at 12:12:04 001 Exam A: Questions A1 A trauma patient is brought into the resuscitation room with an obviously unstable pelvis Despite ongoing fluid resuscitation with blood products the patient remains haemodynamically unstable, has a profound metabolic acidosis and continues to deteriorate Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) scan is positive Which of the following is MOST important in the management of this patient’s bleeding? A B C D E Administration of tranexamic acid 1:1:1 rather than 1:1:2 transfusion ratio for plasma:platelets:blood Treatment with interventional radiology Urgent damage control surgery Maintaining normothermia and ionized calcium levels >0.9 mmol/l A2 A patient has been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe sepsis and urgently requires a central venous catheter (CVC) You decide to insert the CVC into the right internal jugular vein (IJV) Which of the following approaches to central line insertion is the best? A B C D E Landmark approach; lateral to the carotid artery pulsation Audio-guided Doppler ultrasound guidance in the head-up position Landmark approach; medial to the carotid artery pulsation Audio-guided Doppler ultrasound guidance in the head-down position Two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound guidance A3 Of the following pathologies, which is the commonest cause for end-stage renal failure in the United Kingdom? A B C D E Hypertension Polycystic kidney disease Vasculitis Renal artery stenosis Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy 03 Feb 2017 at 12:15:34 002 should be considered r Once stage disease is present, the guidelines recommend the avoidance of subclavian lines if possible This is due to the increased risk of stenosis developing with these lines which may affect the provision of subsequent permanent access if required Further recommendations include the following: r r r r Exam H: Answers ❜ The need for renal replacement therapy and ICU admission for critical care Avoid protein restriction to delay the initiation of renal replacement therapy Diuretics should only be used to manage fluid overload Enteral nutrition is preferred to parenteral nutrition The use of fenoldopam, low-dose dopamine, atrial natriuretic peptide should not be used to prevent or treat AKI Reference Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease Kidney Int 2013;3(Suppl 1):1–150 353 03 Feb 2017 at 13:24:10 017 Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information Index 354 abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair, 225, 242–243, 249 abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), 340–341 abdominal injuries, 230, 264–265 abdominal pain, 96, 128, 138, 140, 161, 169 abdominal X-ray, plain erect, ABG See arterial blood gas (ABG) absolute humidity, 13 ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), 54, 243, 288 aciclovir, 142, 266, 275–276 acidosis, metabolic, 1, 9–10, 29, 208, 311, 322–323 Acinetobacter, 291 Acinetobacter baumannii, 277 ACS See acute coronary syndromes (ACS) activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 59 acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 27 acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy (AFLP), 331 acute heart failure (AHF), 304 acute kidney injury (AKI), 110–111, 115–116, 137, 158, 224, 234, 269, 287–288, 352–353 acute myeloid leukemia, 8, 42 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 44, 136, 153 acute renal failure, 5, 183, 209 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 5, 7, 31–32, 39–40, 55–56, 92, 109–110, 135, 140, 146–147, 168, 181, 199, 261–262, 279–280 adenosine, 287 adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 194 adrenaline, 88, 106, 134, 143, 194, 228, 256 advanced life support (ALS), 64, 88 advanced paediatric life support (APLS), 90, 106 AFLP See acute fatty liver disease of pregnancy (AFLP) Afro-Caribbean, 236–237 afterload, 78 agitation, 225, 239 agranulocytosis, 43 AHF See acute heart failure (AHF) alcohol consumption, 6, 34, 169 aldosterone antagonists, 246 alfentanil, 270, 292, 325 allergies, 134 allylamines, 17 ALP, alpha-agonists, 295 ALS See advanced life support (ALS) alteplase, 241–242 alveoli, 179, 187–188 amantadine, 142 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) guidelines, 241 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification, 165 AMI See acute myocardial infarction (AMI) amiloride, 46, 54, 55 aminoglycosides, 43 aminophylline, 85, 127 aminosteroids, 120 amiodarone, 99, 100, 104, 249 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information ARBs See angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) ARDS See acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) area under receiver operating curve (AUROC), 151, 180, 190 argatroban, 219 arrhythmias, 36 arterial blood gas (ABG), 4, 6, 34, 46, 55, 136, 149, 179, 182, 187, 201, 311, 322 arterial cannulation, 325 arterial lines, 325 arterial occlusion, 325 arterio-venous ECMO, 74 ascites, 8, 41 ascitic tap, 8, 141, 172 aspartate transaminase (AST), aspergillosis, 17, 18 Aspergillus, aspirin, 65 Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI), 345 AST See aspartate transaminase (AST) asthma, 2, 6, 8, 45, 47, 52, 61, 84–85, 96, 127, 227, 250 atenolol, 46, 54, 317, 350 ATP See adenosine triphosphate (ATP) atracurium, 14, 119–120, 252 atrial fibrillation, 91, 95, 96, 104, 124–125, 128, 184, 212–213, 269, 270, 288, 293 atrioventricular (AV) delay, 20 atrioventricular node, 21 atropine, 52, 81, 317, 350 attrition bias, 285–286 AUROC See area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) auscultation, 46, 53, 55, 84, 87 autonomic dysreflexia, 274–275 AVR See aortic valve replacement (AVR) azoles, 17 back pains, 311, 322 bacterial meningitis, 263 Bamford Stroke Classification, 25 barbiturates, 144 Beer’s Law, 258 benzodiazepines, 6, 33, 174, 175, 215 benzylisoquinoliniums, 15, 120 benzylpenicillin, 87 Berlin criteria, 7, 39–40 beta blockers, 55 beta-2 agonists, 84, 127 Index amphotericin B, 17 amputation, 316, 348 anaemia, 223, 231–232 anaesthesia, 59–60, 95, 126 analgesia, 138, 159 analgesics, 268, 283–284, 336 analysis of variance (ANOVA), 200–201 anaphylaxis, 87–88, 134, 143 aneurysm, 91, 105 angina, 317, 350 angiodysplasia, 284 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), 246 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 246 anidulafungin, 132 anion gap, 322–323 ANOVA See analysis of variance (ANOVA) antacids, 205 antibacterials, 86–87, 266, 276–277 antibiotic resistance, 276–277 antibiotic stewardship, 237, 277 antibiotics, 2, 8, 42–43, 53, 87, 247, 272, 293, 300, 334 anticoagulants, 37–38, 137, 158–159, 288–289 anticoagulation, 23–24, 245 anticonvulsants, 144 antidepressants, 100 antidysrhythmics, 99–100 antifungals, 17–18 antihistamines, 88, 100 antihypertensive agents, 48, 62–63, 105 antimicrobials, 100 antiplatelets, 245 antipsychotics, 100, 175 anti-thrombin dependent factor Xa inhibitors, 159 antiviral agents, 142 aorta, aortic aneurysms, 314, 340 aortic dissection, 314, 336–337 aortic valve, mechanical, 182, 204 aortic valve replacement (AVR), 3, 20 APACHE I score, 204 APACHE II score, 204 APACHE III score, 165, 191–192 APACHE IV score, 182, 192, 203–204 apixaban, 38 APLS See advanced paediatric life support (APLS) appendicitis, 51, 77 APTT See activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 355 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index Index More Information 356 beta-blockade, 295 beta-blockers, 63, 245, 249, 288, 337, 350 beta-lactams, 343 bias, 285–286 bilateral pneumonia, 230, 261, 267, 279–280 biliary pancreatitis, 169 bilirubin, 3, 19, 313, 331 bispectral index, 310, 319 bisphosphonates, 195 bleeding, management of, 1, 9–10 blood glucose, 224, 234, 273, 305 blood plasma, 311, 324–325 blood pressure, 62, 268, 271, 285, 297–298 blood tests, 3, 5, 136, 151 blood transfusion, 4, 27–28, 92, 95, 107–108, 123–124, 183, 209–210 BMI See body mass index (BMI) BODE index, 66 body burns, 229, 257–258 body mass index (BMI), 298 bolus intravenous fluid, 94, 119 bowel obstruction causes of, 49, 70–71 large, 14 small, 71 bowel pathology, bradycardia, 52, 81, 287, 350 brain injury, 179, 188 brain injury, traumatic, 134, 139, 144–145, 167 Brain Trauma Foundation, 144 brainstem death, 53, 88–89, 180, 193, 313, 334 breath, shortness of, 3, 6, 8, 34, 47, 52, 56, 57, 84, 135, 145, 223, 231, 272, 303 breathlessness, 269, 290 British Thoracic Society, 303 British Transplantation Society UK guidelines, 335 bromocriptine, 215 bronchiolitis, 35, 268, 282–283 bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchopleural fistula, 229, 259–260 bronchoscopy, 75 bronchospasm, 2, 14–15, 47, 61 bruising, spontaneous, 49, 67 bulk-forming agents, 236 buprenorphine, 138, 159–160 Burkitt lymphoma, 5, 28, 29 burn centres, 351 burn facilities, 351 burn unit, 351 burns, 229, 257–258, 317, 351 calcium antagonists, 246 calcium channel blockers, 243, 295, 337, 344, 350 CAM-ICU (Confusion Assessment Method for ICU) screening tool, 141, 174, 225, 239 Candida species, 132 candidaemia, 132–133 candidiasis, 18, 97, 132 cannula, 227, 252, 253 CAP See community acquired pneumonia (CAP) capacity, mental, 188–189 capnography, 206, 258, 281 captopril, 275 carbapenems, 42, 87, 276, 343 carbimazole, 162 carbon dioxide, 229, 258 carbon dioxide (CO2 ) embolism, paradoxical, 77 carbon monoxide poisoning, 94, 120–121, 292 carboxyhaemoglobin, 278 cardiac arrest, 228, 256 cardiac output, 3, 22, 51, 78 cardiac pacing, 3, 20–21, 50, 76, 81 cardiac tamponade, 251–252 cardiogenic shock, 8, 43–44, 113–114, 136, 153 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 64 cardiotocography, 312, 328 cascade humidifiers, 13 Caspofungin, 132 catecholamines, 295 CDC See Centers for Disease Control (CDC) cefotaxime, 306 ceftaroline fosamil, 277 ceftriaxone, 263, 306 celiac trunk, 16 cellulitis, 53, 87–88, 312, 326 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 300–301 central line insertion, central nervous system tumours, 339 central venous catheter (CVC), 1, 95, 122–123 central venous oxygen saturation, 326 central venous pressure, 326 cephalosporins, 42, 247, 343 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 50, 72, 266, 275–276, 305 cerebrovascular accident, 225, 241 ceruloplasmin, www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines, 232–233 context sensitive half time (CSHT), 324–325 continuous end tidal capnography, 206 continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), 137, 158–159 contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), 93, 115–116 convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), 7, 38–39, 51, 79, 121–122, 217 COPD See chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coronary angiography, 227, 251 coronary artery, 228, 256 corticosteroids, 84, 88, 127, 261–262, 314, 338–339 cough, 2, 6, 34 CPR See cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) C-reactive protein, 181, 198, 269, 290 creatinine, 224, 234, 236–237, 317, 352 creatinine clearance, 237 cricoid pressure, 296 cricothyroidotomy, 190–191 Crohn disease, 313, 332 CRRT See continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) crush injuries, 91, 102 cryptococcosis, 18 CSE See convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) CSF See cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CSHT See context sensitive half time (CSHT) CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA), 57 CTPA See computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) cuff pressure, 348 Cushing’s response, 194 CVC See central venous catheter (CVC) cyclosporine, 54 cyproheptadine, 215 cystatin C, 237 cytochrome p450, 104 cytotoxic agents, 252 dabigatran, 23–24, 37–38, 289 daily nutritional requirements, 315, 342 damping, 221–222 Dana Point classification, 26 danaparoid, 219 dantrolene, 162, 215 DAPT See dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) Index CHA2 DS2 -VASc score, 124–125 CHB See complete heart block (CHB) chest injuries, 91, 102 chest pain, 3, 8, 43 Child-Pugh scoring system, 136, 152, 189 chlorhexidine, 123 chloride, 318, 319 chlorpheniramine, 88 cholecystectomy, 93, 111 cholinesterase, 208–209 chronic back pain, 311, 322 chronic kidney disease (CKD), 11–12, 92, 93, 110, 111, 115–116 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 34–35, 48, 65–66, 138, 162–163, 278, 316, 346 CI-AKI See contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) cigarette smoking, 6, 34, 96, 128, 272, 303 Circle of Willis arteries, 330 cirrhosis, 8, 16, 41, 137, 141, 158, 172, 179, 189–190 cis-atracurium, 120, 140, 168, 183, 208–209, 261, 262, 279 citrates, 159 CKD See chronic kidney disease (CKD) Clark electrode, 201–202 Clexane, 315, 345 clindamycin, 87, 334 clonidine, 243 clopidogrel, 345 Clostridium difficile diarrhoea, 5, 30 Clostridium perfringens, 334 clot formation time, 156 clotting factors, 289 clotting time, 156 co-amoxiclav, 146 cocaine, 184, 215 Cockcroft-Gault formula, 237 colic veins, 15–16 Collaborative Eclampsia Trial regimen, 329 colonoscopy, 285 community acquired pneumonia (CAP), 95, 124–125, 184, 212, 290–291, 317, 352–353 compensated cirrhosis, 189 complete heart block (CHB), 52, 81, 317, 350 computed tomography (CT), 75–76, 131 computed tomography (CT) head scan, 79, 184, 216 computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA), 93, 115–116 357 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index Index More Information 358 daptomycin, 277 D-dimer blood test, 57 debridement, 334 decompensated cirrhosis, 189 dehydration, delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DIND), 196 delirium, 141, 174–175, 225, 239, 273, 307–309 deoxyhaemoglobin, 52, 82 depression, 317, 350 deprivation of liberty safeguards (DOLS), 299 detection bias, 286 dexamethasone, 263, 306 dexmedetomidine, 175 diabetes, 53, 86, 92, 94, 110, 118, 224, 234–235 diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 118–119, 235, 311, 325 diamorphine, 283–284, 304 diaphoresis, 272, 304 diarrhoea, 5, 96, 138, 161, 182, 202, 224, 235–236 diazepam, 185, 217 DIC See disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) Difficult Airway Society (DAS) guidelines, 190, 296 digoxin, 46, 54, 350 dihydropyridines, 243 diltiazem, 62, 63, 243, 246 DIND See delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DIND) direct thrombin inhibitors, 159 discharge of patients, 228, 253–254 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 47, 58–59 diuretics, 304 diverticulitis, 14, 284 DKA See diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) DLT See double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) dobutamine, 44, 194, 304 docusate, 236 DOLS See deprivation of liberty safeguards (DOLS) dopamine, 44 Doppler principle, 22 doripenem, 277 double vision, 313, 332 double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT), 259, 260 dressing change, 310, 319 drug overdose, 6, 33 drug testing, 268, 285–286 drug-induced pancreatitis, 169 dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), 245 dyspepsia, 65 ECG See electrocardiogram (ECG) echinocandins, 18 echocardiography, 3, ECMO referral system, 31–32, 50, 73–74 ecstasy, 184, 215 eczema, 52, 84 EEGs See electroencephalographs (EEGs) eGFR See estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) electrocardiogram (ECG), 46, 54–55, 63–64, 269, 286 electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated computed tomography (CT) angiogram, 336 electroencephalographs (EEGs), 79 electrolyte abnormalities, 197, 313, 332 electrolyte derangements, electrolytes, 310 emphysema, 53, 86, 141, 175 encephalitis, 266, 305 encephalopathy, 141, 172–173 end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2 ), 206 endotracheal tube, 183, 206, 229, 258, 259–260 endovascular coiling, 105 end-stage renal failure, 1, 11–12, 93, 111 enteral feeding, 205 enteral nutrition, 315, 342 Enterobacter species, 277 epic3 guidelines, 237–238 epidural haematoma, 315, 345 epigastric veins, 15–16 epilepsy, 51, 79, 94, 121, 185, 217 ertapenem, 276, 277 erythema, 53, 86 Escherichia coli, 41 ESKAPE pathogens, 277 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 12, 236–237, 287–288 etomidate, 60 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines., 133 European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, 301 euvolaemia, 310, 318 expiration, 229, 258 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information faecal peritonitis, 266, 276 FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma), femoral vein, 36, 122–123 fentanyl, 215, 324–325 fibreoptic bronchoscopy, 225, 240 fibrinogen, 9, 156–157 Fick principle, 22 first pacing, 81 Fisher’s exact test, 200 fitting, 94, 121, 185, 217 fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion (FRIII), 119 flexible bronchoscopy, 267, 281–282 flucloxacillin, 87, 311, 322, 323 fluconazole, 104 flucytosine, 18 fluid boluses, 118–119, 139, 166 fluid resuscitation, 226, 248, 348–349 flumazenil, 172 focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST), 1, 132 fondaparinux, 219, 346 fosphenytoin, 217 Frank-Starling law, 78 fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion, 6, 36–37, 59, 289 Friedman test, 200 full agonists, 159–160 furosemide, 195 gallstones, 169 ganciclovir, 142, 275 gas chromatography, 258 gas patterns, gastric arteries, 15–16 gastric bubble, 13 gastric flow obstruction, gastric outflow obstruction, 40–41 gastric placement, 139, 163–164 gastric veins, 16 gastrointestinal bleeding, 139, 163, 226, 246, 268, 284–285 GCS See Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) gentamicin, 146, 270, 293 GFR See glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), 6, 33, 47, 59, 181, 183, 185, 196, 205, 211, 218, 312, 329 glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 7, 12, 37–38, 224, 236–237, 269, 287–288 glucagon, 350 gluconeogenesis, 61 glucose, 319 glutathione, 323 glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), 63, 243, 295, 304 glycopeptide, 43 glycopyrrolate, 81 Goldman equation, 115 Goldman Risk Index, 165 Gram-negative bacillus, 266, 276–277 griseofulvin, 18 GTN See glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) Guedel airway, 271, 296 Guillain-Barr´e syndrome, 180, 192–193 H1N1 influenza, 226 HAART See highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) haematology, 49, 67 haematomas, 315, 345 haemodialysis, 100–101, 289 haemofiltration, 93, 100–101, 183, 209 haemoglobin, 278, 323–324 haemolysis, 232 Haemophilus influenzae, 72 haemorrhagic shock, 102 haemorrhoids, 284 haemotochezia, 285 halo sign, 2, 17 hand decontamination, 238 HAP See hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) HAS-BLED score, 125 HCAI See health care–associated infection (HCAI) head injuries, 184, 216, 313, 334 health care–associated infection (HCAI), 224, 233–234, 237–238 heart blocks, 20–21, 287 heart rate, 181, 200–201 heat and moisture exchange filters (HMEs), 12–13 HELLP (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) syndrome, 331 hematology, 58 hemianopia, 3, 24 hemicolectomy, 139, 164 Index expiratory positive airway pressure, 316, 346–347 exsanguination, Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), 31–32, 50, 73–74 extraction ratio, 135, 148–149 exudative effusion, 50, 75–76 359 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index Index More Information 360 hemorrhagic shock, heparin, 23–24, 58, 59, 185, 219, 345 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), 219 hepatic cirrhosis, 189 hepatic encephalopathy, 141, 172–173 hepatic extraction ratio, 135, 148–149 hepatic fibrosis, 16 hernias, 70–71 herpes simplex virus (HSV), 266, 275–276 HHS See hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) high anion gap metabolic ketoacidosis, 322–323 high lactate hydrogenase, 29 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 96, 129–130 histamine, 94, 119 histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RBs), 204–205 histoplasmosis, 18 HIV patients, 96, 129–130 Hofmann degradation, 208 Holliday and Segar formula, 283 hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), 291 hot water baths, 13 HPV See hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) HSV See herpes simplex virus (HSV) humidification, 2, 12–13 Hunter criteria, 215 hydrazine, 275, 328 hydrocephalus, 196 hydrocortisone, 84, 88, 96, 127 hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 157–158, 334 hyperbilirubinaemia, 19 hypercalcaemia, 170, 195 hypercatabolism, 292 hyperemesis gravidarum, 331 hyperkalaemia, 29, 54–55, 257 hyperlactatemia, 61 hypernatremia, 197 hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS), 234–235 hyperoxia, 157 hyperphosphataemia, 29 hyper-resonant trace, 186, 221–222 hypertension, 6, 92, 96, 110, 128, 243, 328–329 hyperthyroidism, 162 hypertriglyceridemia, 170 hypoalbuminaemia, 249, 322 hypocalcaemia, 29 hypokalaemia, 99, 100, 197 hypomagnesaemia, 99, 100, 197, 208 hyponatraemia, 83, 197, 272, 301–302 hypoperfusion, 198 hypophosphataemia, 322, 332–333 hyporeflexia, 270, 293 hypotension, 7, 91, 102–103, 144, 180, 193–194, 197, 198, 264, 271, 297–298 hypothermia, 144 hypovolaemia, 102–103, 318 hypoxaemia, 7, 140, 168, 278, 304 hypoxia, 47, 56, 179, 188, 197 hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), 259 IABPs See intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) iatrogenic pancreatitis, 169 ICNARC 2007, 192 ICP See intracranial pressure (ICP) ICU See intensive care unit (ICU) ICU scoring systems, 180, 190 IHD See ischaemic heart disease (IHD) IJV See internal jugular vein (IJV) ileus, 30 iloprost, 344 imidazoles, 17 immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), 130 infections health care associated, 224, 233–234, 237–238 respiratory tract, 233–234 Staphylococcus aureus, 36 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 36 systemic manifestations of, 198 urinary tract, 54 infective endocarditis, 80, 92, 108–109, 145–146 inferior mesenteric artery, 16 influenza A, 134, 142, 290 influenza virus H1N1, 226, 248 infrared analyser, 258 Injury Severity Score (ISS), 118 inotropes, 194, 304 INR See international normalized ratio (INR) inspiratory positive airway pressure, 316, 346–347 inspiratory to expiratory ratio (I:E), 227, 250 insulin, 94, 118–119 Intensive Care Society guidelines, 218, 293, 316, 347–348 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information Janeway lesions, 145 jaundice, 3, 19–20 ketamine, 15, 60, 106, 252 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, 115–116, 158–159, 352–353 King’s College Hospital Criteria, 154–155 Korotkoff phases, 297–298 Krebs cycle, 61 Kruskal-Wallis test, 200 ¨ Kussmaul respiratory pattern, 94, 118 labetalol, 243, 275, 312, 328 LACS See lacuna syndrome (LACS) lactate dehydrogenase, 313, 331 lactates, 47, 61–62, 181, 198 lactulose, 173, 236, 247 lacuna syndrome (LACS), 25 Lambert’s Law, 258 lansoprazole, 205 laparoscopy, 270, 295 laparotomy, 95, 123, 135, 138, 141, 146, 161, 174, 264–265, 266, 276 large bowel obstruction, 14 laryngeal mask airway (LMA), 296 laryngectomy, 267, 280–281 laryngoscopy, 271, 296 lasting power of attorney (LPA), 189 laxatives, 235–236 left anterior descending (LAD) artery, 93, 113, 227, 251, 256 left coronary artery (LCA), 256 left lower lobe (LLL), 240 left main bronchi (LMB), 240 left upper lobe (LUL), 240 left ventricular assist device (LVAD), 44 left-sided weakness, 225, 241 Legionella pneumophila, 290 lepirudin, 219 lethargy, 223, 231 leukaemia, levetiracetam, 185, 217 levosimendan, 44 LGIB See lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) Light’s criteria, 249 linezolid, 277 lipase, 140, 169 Listeria monocytogenes, 72 liver cirrhosis, liver transplant, 137, 154–155 LLL See left lower lobe (LLL) LMA See laryngeal mask airway (LMA) LMB See left main bronchi (LMB) LMWH See low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) LOLA See L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) long arterial cannula, 221–222 long QT syndrome (LQTS), 76, 90, 99–100 lorazepam, 51, 79, 94, 121, 122, 185, 217 L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA), 173 losartan, 245 low blood pressure, 93, 113–114 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), 23–24, 345 lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB), 284–285 LPA See lasting power of attorney (LPA) LQTS See long QT syndrome (LQTS) LSD See lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Index intensive care unit (ICU), 253–254 intensive care unit (ICU) acquired weakness, 293–295 intercostal drains, 303 internal jugular vein (IJV), 1, 36, 53, 85 International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), 232 international normalized ratio (INR), 3, 91, 104, 269, 288, 289 intervertebral space, 310, 320 intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), 340–341 intra-abdominal pressures, 314, 340–341 intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs), 44, 136, 153 intra-arterial injection, 315, 344 intracranial pressure (ICP), 139, 144, 167, 314, 337–338 intraosseous (IO) access, 64 intravenous drug users, 313, 333 intravenous fluids, 182, 202–203 intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), 334 intubation, 2, 33–34, 47, 59–60, 180, 182, 190, 204, 229, 248, 257–258, 296 ipratropium bromide, 84, 96, 127 iron deficiency anaemia, 232 ischaemic heart disease (IHD), 123 ischaemic stroke, 48, 64–65 ISDN See isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) ISMN See isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), 63 isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), 63 ispaghula husk, 236 IVIGs See intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) 361 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index Index More Information 362 LUL See left upper lobe (LUL) lumbar puncture, 273, 305, 310, 320, 345 LVAD See left ventricular assist device (LVAD) lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 184, 215 magnesium, 183, 270, 293 magnesium hydroxide, 236 magnesium sulphate, 84, 127, 207–208, 295, 298 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 336 maintenance fluids, 310, 318–319 major trauma, 91, 94, 97, 102–103, 106, 117–118, 131–132, 186, 220–221, 316 initial fluid management in, 348–349 major trauma centre (MTC), 94, 117, 118 malnutrition, 298 mannitol, 144 Mapleson C circuit, 327–328 mass spectrometer, 201, 202, 258 maximal clot firmness (MCF), 156 maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), 193 maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), 193 MCF See maximal clot firmness (MCF) MCV See mean corpuscular volume (MCV) MDMA (ecstasy), 184, 215 MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) calculation, 224, 236–237 mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 232 mechanical ventilation, 103 megaloblastic anaemia, 231 melaena, 285 MELD score, 190 meningitis, 72–73, 320 bacterial, 263 corticosteroids as treatment for, 339 tuberculous, 310 meningoencephalitis, 273, 305–306 Mental Capacity Act of 2005, 188, 299 Mental Health Act, 299 MEP See maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) mesenteric ischaemia, 128–129 metabolic acidosis, 1, 9–10, 29, 208, 311, 322–323 metformin, 288 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 87, 291, 334 methotrexate, 249 methyldopa, 62, 63 methylxanthines, 287 metoprolol, 62 metronidazole, 343 micafungin, 132 micro-angiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA), 67 midazolam, 39, 60, 94, 121, 168, 217 minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), 172 MIP See maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) mitral valve, 135, 145 mivacurium, 120, 208 MMRC dyspnoea scale, 66 MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology), 232 morphine, 138, 159, 160, 310, 319 mortality, predicted, 139, 164–165 MPMIID , 192 MTC See major trauma centre (MTC) Murray score, 5, 31–32 muscle relaxants, 15, 38–39, 60 myalgia, 135, 145 myocardial contraction, 48, 62–63, 78 myocardial infarction, 8, 80 myoglobin, 323–324 N-acetyl cysteine, 271, 299 naproxen, 46, 54 nasogastric feeding, 199–200, 228, 254 nasojejunal feeding, 199–200 National Burn Care Referral Guidance, 351 National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines, 10–11, 23–24, 50, 74, 121–122, 216, 217, 241, 298, 328–329, 342 National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) decision tree, 254 National Tracheostomy Safety Project, 280 nebulizers, 13, 84, 127 neck pain, 230, 262 necrotizing fasciitis, 86–87, 333–334 negative predictive value (NPV), 151 Neisseria meningitidis, 263 nephrology services, 92, 110–111 neurogenic shock, 102 neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), 215 neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs), 208–209, 262 neurone specific enolase (NSE), 212 neutropenia, 2, 43, 95, 122 neutropenic sepsis, 42–43 neutrophil count, 8, 42 never events, 49, 68–69 new drug testing, 182, 200–201 new oral anticoagulants (NOAC), 289 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information obstructive sleep apnoea, 6, 33 oesophageal varices, 226, 246–247 oesophageal veins, 16 Office of the Public Guardian, 189 olanzapine, 175 omeprazole, 65, 205 ondansetron, 215 one-lung ventilation, 229, 259–260 open lung strategy, 279 open-book pelvic fracture, 186, 220–221 opiates, 304 opioids, 15, 287 organ donation, 313, 335 organ dysfunction, 198–199 oropharyngeal airway, 47, 59 oseltamivir, 142 Osler’s nodes, 145 osmolality, 224, 234 oxygen, 311, 323–324 oxygen delivery, 184, 213–214 oxygen saturation, 3, 4, 6, 52, 81, 95, 126, 181, 198, 278, 304, 312, 326 oxygen toxicity, 137, 157–158 oxygenation, 296 oxyhaemoglobin, 52, 82 P waves, 55 PAC See pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) pacing, cardiac, 3, 20–21, 50, 76, 81 PaCO2 , 45, 179, 187 PACS See partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 268, 282 paediatric life support (PLS), 98–99 palpitations, 269, 286 pamidronate, 195 pancreatic cancer, 7, 40 pancreatic necrosis, 315, 343 pancreatitis, 169–170, 181, 199, 270, 272, 293, 300 pancuronium, 120 pantoprazole, 205 papaverine, 344 paracetamol, 137, 311, 313, 323 HELLP syndrome and, 331 metabolic acidosis and, 322 overdose, 154–155, 271, 299 paraldehyde, 122 paralysis, 270, 293 paramagnetic analyser, 201, 202 paraumbilical veins, 16 parenteral nutrition, 313, 332 parietal cells, 41 Parkland formula, 257 partial agonists, 159–160 partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS), 25 partial pressure of oxygen, 179, 182, 187–188, 201 PCC See prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) peak expiratory flow (PEF), 45 peanut allergy, 134, 143 PEEP See positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) pelvic fractures, 97, 131–132 pelvic injuries, 186, 220–221 Penaz technique, 22 penicillins, 42 pepsinogen, 41 percutaneous tracheostomy, 316, 347–348 performance bias, 286 pericardial effusion, 80 Index New York Heart Association (NHYA) Functional Classification, 165 nicardipine, 295 NICE guidelines See National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines nifedipine, 62, 243, 275 night sweats, 135, 145 nil by mouth, 310, 318 nimodipine, 105 nitrates, 63, 243, 275 nitric oxide, 261 nitrofurantoin, 249 NMBDs See neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) NMS See neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMDBs), 94, 119–120 non-dihydropyridines, 243 non-invasive ventilation, 138, 162–163, 346 non-rebreathe oxygen mask, 267, 278 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 54, 288 noradrenaline, 44, 47, 61, 136, 149, 194, 295, 304, 317, 352 normal-anion gap acidosis, 150 normothermia, 10 novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), 38 NPV See negative predictive value (NPV) NSAIDs See nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) NSE See neurone specific enolase (NSE) nystatin, 17 363 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index Index More Information 364 perihilar infiltrates, 96, 129 peritoneal dialysis, 93, 111–112 peritonitis, 95, 123 persistent left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC), 85–86 personal protective equipment (PPE), 248–249 PH See pulmonary hypertension (PH) phaeochromocytoma, 270, 295 phenobarbital, 121–122, 217 phenoxybenzamine, 295 phentolamine, 62, 275, 295 phenylephrine, 295 phenytoin, 51, 79, 104, 121, 122, 217, 249, 252 photophobia, 230, 262 PICU See paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) piperacillin/tazobactam, 42–43, 87, 247 plasma cholinesterase, 208–209 pleural effusion, 50, 75–76, 227, 249–250 pneumocystic pneumonia (PCP), 129–130 pneumonia, 90, 99–100, 225, 239 bilateral, 182, 204, 230, 261, 267, 279–280 community acquired, 95, 124–125, 184, 212, 290–291, 317, 352–353 disseminated intravascular coagulation and, 47, 58 hospital acquired, 291 pneumocystic, 129–130 pulmonary hypertension and, 26 ventilator-associated, 136, 151, 223, 232, 300 viral, 134, 142 pneumothorax, 36, 141, 175–176, 272, 303 POCS See posterior circulation syndrome (POCS) polydipsia, 181, 195 polyenes, 17 polyuria, 181, 195 portal vein, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 146–147, 272, 279, 300 positive predictive value (PPV), 136, 151 posterior circulation syndrome (POCS), 25 potassium, 114–115, 137, 158, 298, 318, 319 P-POSSUM score, 164–165 PPV See positive predictive value (PPV) prasugrel, 346 prazosin, 274 predicted mortality, 139, 164–165 prednisolone, 84, 129–130 pre-eclampsia, 328–329 pregnancy, hypertension in, 328–329 pre-hospital trauma triage, 115–116 preload, 78 primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (PSP), 303 primigravida, 313, 331 procaine, 344 propofol, 15, 38–39, 60, 140, 141, 168, 174, 217, 252, 270, 292, 310, 319, 324–325 propranolol, 162 propylthiouracil, 162 prostacyclin, 261 prostaglandin E2, 41 prostaglandins, 159 protamine sulphate, 289 proteinuria, 312, 328 prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), 289 prothrombin time (PT), 59 proton pump inhibitors, 65, 204–205 proximal burns, 291–292 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 277, 290, 291 pseudo-obstruction, 14 PSP See primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (PSP) pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), 6, 35–36 pulmonary artery rupture, 36 pulmonary embolism, 3, 23–24, 47, 56–57 pulmonary hypertension (PH), 4, 26 pulmonary infarction, 35–36 pulmonary oedema, 272, 304–305 pulse oximeter, 258 pulse oximetry, 52, 82 pyrexia, 181, 197, 198, 230, 262, 269, 290 pyroglutamic acidosis, 322–323 QRS complex, 3, 20, 21 QT interval, 76, 90, 181, 195 quetiapine, 175 quinolones, 247, 343 QUORUM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses), 232 R waves, 55 radial artery, 325 ramipril, 6, 34 ranitidine, 205 rapid sequence induction, 7, 14, 38–39, 59–60, 271, 296 rapid sequence induction (RSI) of anaesthesia, 95, 126, 180, 190 rapid sequence intubation (RSI), 315, 344–345 rashes, 49, 67 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information ROTEM See rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) Roth spots, 145 RRT See renal replacement therapy (RRT) SAH See subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) salbutamol, 6, 34, 61, 84, 88, 127, 303 sampling, 311, 321 SAPS II, 192 SBP See spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) Schwartz formula, 237 secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), 303 sedation, 168–169, 270, 292, 310, 319 seizures, 7, 38–39 selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD), 49, 69–70 Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, 139, 163–164, 247 senna, 236 sepsis, 1, 10–11, 97, 198–199, 313, 326–327 abdominal, 227 abnormalities associated with, 249 candidaemia and, 132 infective endocarditis and, 92, 108 necrotizing fasciitis and, 333 septic shock, 139, 166, 184, 199, 212, 270, 293, 339 serotonin syndrome, 184, 215 serum calcium, 195 serum sodium, 83 severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), 46, 55–56 severe sepsis, 198–199 Severinghaus electrode, 202 shock, 102 sinus rhythm, 52 sinus syndrome, 287 sinus tachycardia, 312, 326 sinusitis, 311, 322 SIRS See systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) sleep apneoa, small bowel perforation, 95, 123 smoke inhalation, 270, 291–292 Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) guidelines, 175 sodium, 298, 318, 319 sodium bicarbonate, 150 sodium docusate, 236 sodium nitroprusside, 63, 243, 295, 337 somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), 211, 212 Index rebleeding, 196 receiver operating curve (AUROC), 151 recombinant factor VIIa, 289 recreational drugs, 184, 215 rectal veins, 15–16 red blood cells, refeeding syndrome, 229, 260–261, 342 relative humidity, 2, 13 remifentanil, 325 renal failure, end-stage, 1, 11–12, 93, 111 renal replacement therapy (RRT), 90, 100–101, 226, 244–245 reporting bias, 286 reservoir oxygen mask, 267, 278 respiratory acidosis, 346 respiratory alkalosis, 313, 332 respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, 6, 96, 129, 134, 138, 142, 162 respiratory rate, 227, 250, 312, 326 respiratory tract infections, 233–234 resting membrane potential, 93, 114–115 resuscitation, 48, 63–64, 96, 127 Resuscitation Council, 287, 350 resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), 10 reticulocytes, retroperitoneal veins, 16 return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), 93, 113, 183, 211–212 revascularization therapy, 44 ribavirin, 275 rifampicin, 146 rifaximin, 173 right coronary artery (RCA), 256 right heart dysfunction, right lower lobe (RLL), 240 right main bronchi (RMB), 240 right marginal arteries, 227, 251 right middle lobe (RML), 240 right upper lobe (RUL), 240 right-sided weakness, 4, 24, 91, 105 risperidone, 175 rivaroxaban, 24, 38, 346 road traffic accidents, 94, 137, 140, 156, 170, 171, 316, 348 road traffic collision, 94, 230, 264–265, 273, 306 rocuronium, 51, 60, 79, 120 ROSC See return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), 137, 156 365 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index Index More Information 366 somatostatin, 41, 247 sotalol, 99–100 spinal cord injury, 135, 147, 148, 266, 274 spinal shock, 102 spirometry, 193 spironolactone, 54 spleen, rupture of, 137, 156 splenic veins, 15–16 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 41–42, 173 SQUIRE (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence), 232 SSC See Surviving Sepsis Committee (SSC) SSEPs See somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) standard deviation, 321 standard error of the mean (SEM), 321 Stanford classification, 336 Staphylococcus aureus, 36, 145, 291, 334 Staphylococcus epidermidis infections, 36 statins, 65, 246 statistical tests, 182, 200–201 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 8, 43, 226, 245–246 stellate ganglion blocks, 344, 345 stents, 247 Sternback criteria, 215 steroids, 84, 270, 293 Stewart-Hamilton equation, 22 Streptococcus aureus, 290 Streptococcus bovis, 145 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 47, 58, 72, 263, 290 Streptococcus pyogenes, 334 stress ulcer, 91, 103, 182 strictures, 14 STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology), 232 stroke, 24–25, 48, 64–65, 95, 124–125, 225, 241 stroke volume, 62, 78 subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), 91, 105, 181, 185, 196–197, 218, 312, 329–330 succinylcholine, 60 sucralfate, 205 sulfamethoxazole, 129–130 superior mesenteric artery, 16 superior vena cava (SVC), 85–86 supraventricular tachycardia, 269, 286–287 surfactants, 262 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, 139, 166, 339 Surviving Sepsis Committee (SSC), 198, 326–327 suxamethonium, 14, 55, 120, 208, 257 SVR See systemic vascular resistance (SVR) Swedish nose, 348 synchronized DC shock, 212–213 systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 199, 315, 343 systemic vascular resistance (SVR), 62, 63 T wave, 55 tachyarrhythmia, 184, 212 tachycardia, 138, 161, 223, 231, 264 tachyphylaxis, 39 tachypnoea, 264 tacrolimus, 54 Task Force for Advanced Bleeding Care in Trauma, 349 tazobactam/piperacillin, 42–43, 247 telavancin, 277 tension pneumothorax, 171–172, 272, 303 terbinafine, 17 terbutaline, 84, 127 terlipressin, 246, 247 TEVAR See thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) thermal injury, 310, 319 thermodilution, 22 thiopentone, 14, 15, 38–39, 51, 60, 79, 122, 217, 252, 315, 324, 344 thrombolysis, 241–242 thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), 337, 340–341 thoracostomy, 171–172 thorax, computed tomography scan of, thrombocytopenia, 219, 313, 331 thromboelastography (TEG), 156 thromboembolism, 145 thrombolysis, 23 thromboprophylaxis, 185 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 67–68 thyroid storm, 161–162 tidal volume, 227, 250, 279 tigecycline, 277 TOE See transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) tonic-clonic seizure, 312, 328 torsade de pointes, 90, 99–100 total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS), 25 total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA), 319 www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Index More Information ultrasound imaging, 2D, 10–11 unfractionated heparins (UFHs), 23–24, 158–159, 289 universal donor, 108 universal recipients, 108 upper extremity injuries, 23–24 urinary sepsis, 136, 149 urinary tract infection, 54 urobilinogen, 19 Valsalva manoeuvre, 287 vancomycin, 146 vancomycin/linezolid, 334 vasoconstrictors, 252, 304 vasodilation, 194 vasodilators, 63, 304 vasopressin, 193–194 vasospasm, 196 vecuronium, 120 veno-arterial ECMO, 74 venous thromboembolism (VTE), 57 veno-venous ECMO, 74 ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome, 146–147 non-invasive, 138, 162–163 one-lung, 229, 259–260 settings, 135, 146–147, 227, 230, 250–251, 261 two-hand mask, 271, 296 Water’s circuit, 312, 327–328 ventilator free breathing (VFB), 148 ventilator-associated pneumonia, 223, 232, 300 ventilators, ventilatory weaning, 316, 347–348 verapamil, 63, 243, 246 viral encephalitis, 266, 275–276 viral meningoencephalitis, 273, 305–306 viral pneumonia, 5, 134, 142, 226, 248 vital capacity, 192–193 vitamin B12 , 231–232 vitamin K, 289 volvulus, 14 vomiting, 7, 40–41, 182, 202 voriconazole, 17 Index total parenteral nutrition, 199, 228, 229, 255, 260, 271, 298 tourniquets, 10 tracheostomy, 135, 138, 147–148, 160–161, 180, 266, 267, 274, 280, 316, 347–348 tramadol, 215 tranexamic acid, 9–10, 105, 137, 156, 289 transaminase, 313, 331 transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, 181, 196 transcutaneous pacing, 81, 350 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS), 247 transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), 80, 336 transpulmonary indicator dilution, 22 transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 51, 80, 135, 145, 251–252 transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), 52, 83 transvenous pacing, 81, 350 trauma, 1, 58, 91, 94, 97, 102–103, 106, 117–118, 131–132, 140, 170, 171, 264 traumatic aortic injury, 273, 306–307 traumatic brain injury, 134, 139, 144–145, 167, 314, 337–338 treat/withdraw care, 179, 188–189 triazoles, 17 triiodothyronine, 194 trimethoprim, 46, 54, 55, 129–130 TTE See transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) tubocurarine, 120 tumour lysis syndrome, 28–29 TURP See transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound guidance, 10–11 type diabetes, 94, 118 type B dissection, 336, 337 warfarin, 24, 91, 269, 288–289 warm ischaemic time, 335 water intoxication, 301 Water’s circuit, 312, 327–328 weaning, respiratory, 135, 147–148 Well’s score, 57 West-Haven criteria, 172 white cell count (WCC), 5, 181, 198 Wilcoxon signed rank test, 200 World Federation of NeuroSurgeons (WFNS) classification, 330 zanamivir, 142, 275 367 www.cambridge.org ... Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith... 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information www.cambridge.org Cambridge... 978-1-107-54930-2 — Single Best Answer Questions for the Final FFICM Keith Davies , Christopher Gough , Emma King , Benjamin Plumb , Benjamin Walton Frontmatter More Information University Printing House,