Qui tắc phát âm Quy tắc bạn cần nhớ là: CHÚ Ý ĐỌC ÂM CUỐI Quy tắc không phần quan trọng: ĐỌC ĐÚNG TRỌNG ÂM TRONG TỪNG TỪ Quy tắc khó làm theo quy tắc ĐỌC ÂM CUỐI vì: trọng âm từ tiếng Anh theo vài quy tắc đơn giản (việc thuộc lòng hết quy tắc khơng thực tế chút nào) Vì vậy, tốt phải học trọng âm từ học từ Như vậy, biết từ tiếng Anh bao gồm nhiều phương diện sau: • biết từ loại (danh từ, động từ hay tính từ ), • biết nghĩa nó, • biết cách đặt thí dụ tiêu biểu với từ đó, • biết cách phát âm từ đó, bao gồm đọc âm đặc trưng mà tiếng Việt khơng có, CŨNG NHƯ đọc TRỌNG ÂM QUY TẮC PHÁT ÂM THỨ BA QUY TẮC PHÁT ÂM THỨ BA: XỬ LÝ CÁC ÂM KHÓ Thế âm khó? Những âm khó âm thường đọc sai chúng khơng tồn hệ thống âm từ tiếng mẹ đẻ Chúng ta xem xét tất trường hợp khó hệ thống âm từ tiếng Anh này, NHÓM ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM: • /ỉ/:âm a khơng phải a mà e khơng phải e, nằm khoảng Thí dụ: APPLE, FAT, CAT, DAD, MAD, CHAT • /i:/ dấu : phiên âm quốc tế biểu thị kéo dài hơn, nhấn mạnh cho âm nguyên âm, tư mơi giãn thể mỉm cười Thí dụ: EAT, FEED, NEED, CHEAT, MEET, FEET, • /r/: âm r khơng có khó nằm trước nguyên âm (ví dụ: RED, RUN, WRONG, RIGHT, RIP), nằm ở cuối từ thật khơng dễ cho người Việt Thí dụ: TEACHER, DOCTOR, PAPER, DAUGHTER, OR, BORN, CORN, TURN, CONCERN NHĨM ÂM PHỤ ÂM: • Sự kết hợp nhiều phụ âm liền nhau: BL, CR, SPL, THR, CHR, PL, Thí dụ: BLUE, GREEN, SPLEEN, SPLASH, FLASH, CRASH, THROW, PLAY, Điều hồn tịan khơng tồn tiếng mẹ đẻ nên khó thực khơng phải thử thách q khó so với âm khó khác • /ʃ/: âm khó với nhiều người Các từ thí dụ: SHE, SHINE, SHOW, SHOE, SHIP, SHEEP, SHIT, SHAKE, • /θ/: âm khơng khó, chịu đọc đúng, có lẽ thấy kỳ kỳ Lý âm âm TH tiếng Việt (thờ, thà, ) đầu lưỡi phải để hàm phát âm Thí dụ: THIN, THIGH, THING, THINK, THICK, THEME • /ð/: âm có tình trạng âm trên, tương tự âm Đ tiếng Việt đầu lưỡi phải để hàm phát âm Thí dụ: THE, THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE, THEN • /ʤ/:âm khó nhiều người đọc không Các bạn cần luyện tập nghe đọc âm thật nhiều kỹ lưỡng thành thạo âm xuất nhiều tiếng Anh Các từ thí dụ: JEANS, CHANGE , GIN, GINGER, JOIN, JEEP, JAM, JUMP, JUST, GIST, ENJOY, JOY, CHALLENGE • /ʒ/: âm thường bị người học tưởng lầm âm /z/ (như ZOO, ZIP, LAZY, EASY, ZERO, ZEBRA ) Ngay bạn đọc nhầm âm /ʒ/ thành âm /z/ người nước ngồi hiểu bạn, bạn cần cố gắng nghe cho khác /z/ /ʒ/ Cuối tiến tới đọc cho hai âm để sở hữu giọng tiếng Anh hay hơn, chuẩn Các thí dụ cho âm /ʒ/: MEASURE, VISION, PLEASURE, ASIA, USUAL, LEISURE, DECISION, GARAGE, MASSAGE, REGIME • /l/: âm khó nằm sau nguyên âm Thí dụ: OIL, COIL, MEAL, ILL, KILL, STILL, FEEL, KNEEL Rất nhiều người bỏ qua âm L cuối kết cách phát âm họ KHĨ HIỂU người nước ngồi nghe Việt Để phát âm đúng, bạn xem lý thuyết mà phải nghe người xứ đọc đọc theo nhiều lần Nếu có giáo viên phát âm chuẩn hỗ trợ tốt Nếu tự học, bạn nghe người xứ đọc đọc theo qua video phần mềm luyện phát âm (như phần mềm Pronunciation Power, download phần "DOWNLOAD TÀI LIỆU HỌC" TiengAnhOnline.com) Chúc bạn thành công! PHIÊN ÂM QUỐC TẾ Để giỏi nghe nói tiếng Anh, người học cần phát âm Giáo viên cho bạn cách đọc tất từ tiếng Anh, bạn cần biết cách đọc toàn hệ thống ký hiệu phiên âm quốc tế để dùng từ điển tra nghĩa từ mới, bạn biết ln cách đọc Danh sách 850 từ cần phải biết Come, get, give, go, keep, act, make, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will, about, across, after, against, among ,at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with, as, for, of, till, than, a, the, all, any, every, no, other, some, such, that, this, I, she, he, you, who, and, because, but, or, if, though, while, how, when, where, why, again,ever, far, forward, here, near, now, out, still, the, there, together, well, almost, enough, even, little, much, not, only, quite, so, very, tomorrow, yesterday, north, south, east, west, please, yes, account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, authority,back, balance, base, baheviour, belief, birth, bit, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building,burn, burst, business, butter, canvas, vare, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal, colour, comfort, company, committee, comparison, competition,condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover, crack, credit, crime, crush, cry, current, curve, damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, dedail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, discuss, disgust, distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge, education, effect, end, error,event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father,,fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit, glass, fold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide, harbour, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humour, ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance, interest, intervention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss, knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level, lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man, manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, meatle, middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning, mother, motion, mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise,note,number, observaiion, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organisation, or, name, own, page, pain, paint,person, place, plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, power, price, power, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull, punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction, reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule,run, salt , sand, scale, science, sea, seat, secretary, selection, self, sense, servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister, size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap, society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, statement, steam steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar, suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought thunder, time, tin, top, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse, vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather, week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, word, work, wound, writing, year angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, baby, bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, Bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, carriage, cart, cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar, comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion, dog, door, drain, drawer, dross, drop, ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, food, fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange, oven, parcel, pen,pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, planet, pot, pocket, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root, school, scissors, scene, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, streel, sun, table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, troussers ,umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing,wine, worm able, acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, plex, conscious, cut, deep, dependen, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate, serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble ,female, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, lept, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid, special, strange, thin, white, wrong Số đếm số thứ tự Số đếm dùng biết số lượng, mã số Số thứ tự dùng biết thứ hạng, thứ tự Trong ta học kỹ số đếm số thứ tự SỐ ĐẾM 10 ZERO one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 31 thirty-one 22 twenty-two 40 forty 23 twenty-three 50 fifty 24 twenty-four 60 sixty 25 twenty-five 70 seventy 26 twenty-six 80 eighty 27 twenty-seven 90 ninety 28 twenty-eight 100 a/one hundred 29 twenty-nine 1,000 a/one thousand 30 thirty 1,000,000 a/one million * Khi số cần kết hợp hàng triệu/ngàn/trăm ngàn/ngàn/trăm với hàng đơn vị hàng chục, ta thêm AND trước hàng đơn vị hàng chục Thí dụ: 110 - one hundred and ten 1,250 - one thousand, two hundred and fifty 2,001 - two thousand and one * Trong tiếng Việt, ta dùng dấu (dấu chấm) để phân cách đơn vị số từ phải sang trái Nhưng tiếng Anh, PHẢI dùng dấu , (dấu phẩy) 57,458,302 * Số đếm viết không thêm S muốn cho biết số lượng danh từ liền sau số VD: THREE CARS = xe (THREE không thêm S ) * Nhưng bạn muốn nói số lượng số nhiều hai, bạn thêm S vào số số lượng số VD: FOUR NINES, ZEROS = SỐ 9, SỐ * Ngoài ra, số sau thêm S có nghĩa khác, khơng cịn số cụ thể mà cách nói ước chừng, nhớ bạn phải có OF đằng sau: TENS OF = hàng chục DOZENS OF = hàng tá HUNDREDS OF = hàng trăm THOUSANDS OF = hàng ngàn MILLIONS OF = hàng triệu BILLIONS OF = hàng tỷ Thí dụ: EVERYDAY, MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD ARE HUNGRY (Mỗi ngày có hàng triệu người giới bị đói) * Cách đếm số lần: - ONCE = lần (có thể nói ONE TIME không thông dụng ONCE) - TWICE = hai lần (có thể nói TWO TIMES khơng thơng dụng TWICE) - Từ ba lần trở lên, ta phải dùng " Số từ + TIMES" : + THREE TIMES = lần + FOUR TIMES = lần - Thí dụ: + I HAVE SEEN THAT MOVIE TWICE = Tôi xem phim hai lần SỐ THỨ TỰ 10 st first nd second rd third th fourth th fifth th sixth th seventh th eighth th ninth th tenth 11 th eleventh 12 th twelfth 13 th thirteenth 14 th fourteenth 15 th fifteenth 16 th sixteenth 17 th seventeenth 18 th eighteenth 19 th nineteenth 20 th twentieth 21 st twenty-first 31 22 nd twenty-second 40 23 rd twenty-third 50 24 th twenty-fourth 60 25 th twenty-fifth 70 26 th twenty-sixth 80 27 th twenty-seventh 90 28 th twenty-eighth 100 29 th twenty-ninth 1,000 30 th thirtieth 1,000,000 st thirty-first th fortieth th fiftieth th sixtieth th seventieth th eightieth th ninetieth th one hundredth th one thousandth th one millionth Cách chuyển số đếm sang số thứ tự * Chỉ cần thêm TH đằng sau số đếm bạn chuyển thành số thứ tự Với số tận Y, phải đổi Y thành I thêm TH -VD: four > fourth, eleven > eleventh Twenty >twentieth Ngoại lệ: • • • • • • • one - first two - second three - third five - fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth * Khi số kết hợp nhiều hàng, cần thêm TH số cuối cùng, số cuối nằm danh sách lệ dùng theo danh sách VD: • • 5,111th = five thousand, one hundred and eleventh 421st = four hundred and twenty-first * Khi muốn viết số chữ số ( viết số đếm đằng sau thêm TH ST với số thứ tự 1, ND với số thứ tự 2, RD với số thứ tự VD: • • • • • • first = 1st second = 2nd third = 3rd fourth = 4th twenty-sixth = 26th hundred and first = 101st * Danh hiệu vua, hoàng hậu nước thường viết viết tên số thứ tự số La Mã, đọc thêm THE trước số thứ tự VD: • • • Viết : Charles II - Đọc: Charles the Second Viết: Edward VI - Đọc: Edward the Sixth Viết: Henry VIII - Đọc: Henry the Eighth Ngày, tháng, năm, mùa, cách nói Bài bạn cách nói ngày, tháng, năm mùa tiếng Anh Nói ngày âm lịch đơn giản CÁC NGÀY TRONG TUẦN MONDAY = thứ hai , viết tắt = MON TUESDAY = thứ ba, viết tắt = TUE WEDNESDAY = thứ tư, viết tắt = WED THURSDAY = thứ năm, viết tắt = THU FRIDAY = thứ sáu, viết tắt = FRI SATURDAY = thứ bảy, viết tắt = SAT SUNDAY = Chủ nhật, viết tắt = SUN * Khi nói, vào thứ mấy, phải dùng giới từ ON đằng trước thứ VD: On Sunday, I stay at home (Vào ngày chủ nhật nhà) CÁC THÁNG TRONG NĂM » January ( viết tắt = Jan ) » February ( viết tắt = Feb) » March ( viết tắt = Mar) » April ( viết tắt = Apr) » May ( viết tắt ) » June ( viết tắt ) » July ( viết tắt ) » August ( viết tắt = Aug ) » September ( viết tắt = Sept ) » 10 October ( viết tắt = Oct ) » 11 November ( viết tắt = Nov ) » 12 December ( viết tắt = Dec ) *Khi nói, vào tháng mấy, phải dùng giới từ IN đằng trước tháng VD: IN SEPTEMBER, STUDENTS GO BACK TO SCHOOL AFTER THEIR SUMMER VACATION (Vào tháng chín, học sinh trở lại trường sau kỳ nghỉ hè) NĨI NGÀY TRONG THÁNG * Khi nói ngày tháng, cần dùng số thứ tự tương ứng với ngày muốn nói, phải thêm THE trước VD: September the second = ngày tháng Khi viết, viết September 2nd * Nếu muốn nói ngày âm lịch, cần thêm cụm từ ON THE LUNAR CALENDAR đằng sau VD: August 15th on the Lunar Calendar is the Middle-Autumn Festival (15 tháng âm lịch ngày tết Trung Thu) * Khi nói vào ngày tháng, phải dùng giới từ ON trước ngày VD: On the 4th of July, Americans celebrate their Independence Day (Vào ngày tháng 7, người Mỹ ăn mừng ngày Quốc Khánh họ) MÙA SPRING = Mùa xuân SUMMER = Mùa hè AUTUMN = Mùa thu (Người Mỹ dùng chữ FALL thay cho AUTUMN -"fall" có nghĩa "rơi", mà mùa thu rụng nhiều!?) WINTER = Mùa đơng * Khi nói vào mùa nào, ta dùng giới từ IN VD: IT ALWAYS SNOWS IN WINTER HERE = Ở ln có tuyết rơi vào mùa đơng CÁCH NĨI GIỜ Ở ta lấy làm mẫu Bạn dựa vào mẫu để thay đổi số cần thiết nói 9:00 = IT'S NINE O'CLOCK IT'S NINE 9:05 = IT'S NINE OH FIVE IT'S FIVE PAST NINE IT'S FIVE MINUTES AFTER NINE 9:10 = IT'S NINE TEN IT'S TEN PAST NINE IT'S TEN MINUTES AFTER NINE 9:15 = IT'S NINE FIFTEEN IT'S A QUARTER PAST NINE IT'S A QUARTER AFTER NINE 9:30 = IT'S NINE THIRTY IT'S HALF PAST NINE 9:45 = IT'S NINE FORTY FIVE IT'S A QUATER TO TEN (9 45 10 15) 9:50 = IT'S NINE FIFTY IT'S TEN TO TEN (9 50 10 10) 12:00 = IT'S TWELVE O'CLOCK IT'S NOON (giữa trưa 12 trưa) IT'S MIDNIGHT (đúng nửa đêm, 12 đêm) * Để nói rõ ràng trưa, chiều, tối hay sáng ta cần thêm AM PM cuối câu nói AM: sáng (sau 12 đêm đến trước 12 trưa) PM: trưa, chiều tối (từ 12 trưa trở đi) - Chú thích: -Dành cho bạn tị mò muốn biết AM PM viết tắt chữ thơi, người xứ có không nhớ thông tin này: + AM viết tắt chữ Latin ante meridiem (nghĩa trước trưa) + PM viết tắt chữ Latin post meridiem (nghĩa sau trưa) - Thí dụ: + IT'S NINE AM = sáng + IT'S NINE PM = tối 20 Tính từ phổ biến Sau danh sách 20 tính từ dùng đến nhiều thực tế STT Tính từ NEW GOOD FREE Phiên âm /nju:/ /gud/ /fri:/ Nghĩa tốt tự do, miễn phí Ví dụ This is a new lesson You are a good student This web service is free FRESH /freʃ/ tươi You should eat fresh fruit DELICIOUS /di'liʃəs/ ngon Vietnamese food is delicious FULL /ful/ đầy, no The glass is full SURE /ʃuə/ chắn Are you sure? CLEAN /kli:n/ The floor is clean now tuyệt vời You are wonderful WONDERFUL /'wʌndəful/ 10 SPECIAL /'speʃəl/ đặc biệt This is a special present 11 SMALL /smɔ:l/ nhỏ All I want is a small house 12 13 14 FINE BIG GREAT /fain/ /big/ /greit/ tốt, khỏe to vĩ đại, lớn, tuyệt vời She has such fine complexion Talk soft, but carry a big stick! I have great news for you 15 REAL thực, thật Is that real? 16 17 EASY BRIGHT /ˈri əl/ /'i:zi/ /brait/ dễ sáng English is easy to learn I like a bright room 18 DARK /dɑ:k/ tối He prefers a dark room 19 SAFE /seif/ an toàn It is not safe to go out late at night 20 RICH /ritʃ/ giàu She is rich, but ugly 25 Động từ phổ biến Danh sách 25 động từ tiếng Anh dùng nhiều hàng ngày Động từ Phiên âm Nghĩa BE /bi:/ xem "TO BE" HAVE /hỉv/ có DO /du:/ làm SAY /sei/ nói GET /get/ (nên tra từ điển) MAKE /meik/ làm GO /go/ KNOW /nou/ biết TAKE /teik lấy SEE /si:/ thấy COME /kʌm/ đến THINK /θiɳk/ suy nghĩ LOOK /luk/ nhìn WANT /wɔnt/ muốn GIVE /giv/ cho USE /ju:s/ sử dụng FIND /faind/ tìm thấy TELL /tel/ nói cho biết ASK /ɑ:sk/ hỏi WORK /wə:k/ làm việc SEEM /si:m/ FEEL /fi:l/ cảm thấy TRY /trai/ cố gắng, thử LEAVE /li:v/ rời khỏi CALL /kɔ:l/ gọi, gọi điện Các giới từ phổ biến Dưới tất giới từ mà bạn cần biết: aboard, about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, but (except), by, concerning, despite, down, during, except for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, onto, out, outside, over, past, per, regarding, since, through, throughout, till, to, toward, under, underneath, until, up, upon, with, within, without, Hight Hote/Hight Hoten Hit Hit Hit Hoise Hoist Hoised/Hoist Hoist/Hoisted Hoised/Hoist Hoist/Hoisted Hold Held Held House-sit House-sat House-sat Housebreak Housebroke Housebroken Hurt Hurt Hurt cannot be seen To name To promise To command To touch somebody or something with force To hoist or lift To raise or lift using ropes, etc To secure something in your hand To contain To stay in someone's house to look after it while they are away To train an animal to live in a house To cause pain, injury or stress To experience pain, injury or stress I Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Definition To produce babies with health problems Inbreed Inbred Inbred by sexual relations between close relatives To inhabit Indwell Indwelt Indwelt To exist as a guiding principle Inhold Inheld Inheld To have as an inherent characteristic To put a different material inside another Inlay Inlaid Inlaid for decoration, with a flat surface Input Input/Inputted Input/Inputted To enter data into a computer To put a picture or graphic inside a lerger Inset Inset Inset one Interblend Interblended/Interblent Interblended/Interblent To blend things together Interbreed Interbred Interbred To mix species or groups sexually To move between different scenes or Intercut Intercut Intercut stories in a film or narrative Intergrave Intergraved Intergraved/Intergraven To carve or engrave in alternate sections Interlay Interlaid Interlaid To place among or between things Interset Interset Interset To set among or between things Interweave Interwove Interwoven To join or mix together Interwind Interwound Interwound To wind together or intertwine Inweave Inwove/Inweaved Inwoven/Inweaved To weave things together Inwind Inwound Inwound To wrap or coil around J Base Past Simple Form JerryJerry-built build Past Participle Jerry-built Definition To build something cheaply and badly K Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Keep Kept Kept Ken Kneel Knit Kent/Kenned Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Kent/Kenned Knelt/Kneeled Knit/Knitted Know Knew Known Definition To have possession To make somebody or something stay in a particular place To know To support yourself on your knees To make clothes such as pullovers out of wool To be acquainted with To have correctly in your memory L Base Past Simple Form Lade Laded Past Participle Definition Laden/Laded To load (put goods onto) a ship To win a convincing and easy victory in an Landslide Landslid/Landslided Landslid/Landslided election Lay Laid Laid To put something in a horizontal position To take someone somewhere or guide them Lead Led Led To be in command To place something at an incline for support Lean Leant/Leaned Leant/Leaned against something Leap Leapt/Leaped Leapt/Leaped To jump Learn Learnt/Learned Learnt/Learned To acquire knowledge Leave Left Left To go out of a place Lend Lent Lent To give somebody money that must be returned Lep Lept Lept To leap To allow something to happen Let Let Let To allow someone to something Lie Lay Lain To get into or be in a horizontal position Light Lit Lit To make something burn Linebreed Linebred Linebred Breed animals from a particular family To work out what someone is saying from the Lip-Read Lip-Read Lip-Read movements of their mouth Not to have something because you not Lose Lost Lost know where it is M Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Make Made Made Mean Meant Meant Meet Met Met Definition To create or construct something To cause somebody to something To perform an action To signify To intend To make somebody's acquaintance Melt Misbecome Miscast Mischoose Miscut Misdeal Misdo Misfall Misfeed Misgive Mishear Mishit Misknow Mislay Mislead Mislearn Misread Missay Missend Misset Misspeak To be in the same place as somebody To change from solid into a liquid as the Melted Molten/Melted temperature goes up Misbecame Misbecome Not to suit Miscast Miscast To choose the wrong actor for a role Mischose Mischosen To choose wrongly Miscut Miscut To cut something wrongly or badly To distribute playing cards wrongly in a Misdealt Misdealt game Misdid Misdone To harm or injure Misfell Misfallen To happen unluckily To feed incorrectly Misfed Misfed To jam printers, photocpiers, etc, by feeding the paper incorrectly Misgave Misgiven To become suspicious or worried Misheard Misheard To hear something incorrectly Mishit Mishit To hit a ball badly or inaccurately To have the wrong idea about Misknew Misknown something To lose or put something where you Mislaid Mislaid cannot find it To make someone behave wrongly Misled Misled To deceive Mislearnt/Mislearned Mislearnt/Mislearned To learn wrongly Misread Misread To read something incorrectly To say something incorrectly Missaid Missaid To talk badly about someone Missent Missent To send to the wrong place or person Misset Misset To set or place wrongly or incorrectly To say or pronounce something wrongly Misspoke Misspoken To say something that is incorrect or inaccurate To write a word without using the Misspell Misspelt/Misspelled Misspelt/Misspelled correct letters Misspend Misspent Misspent To waste time or money Misswear Misswore Missworn To swear or make an oath falsely Not to understand Mistake Mistook Mistaken To confuse somebody with someone else Misteach Mistaught Mistaught To teach wrongly or incorrectly Mistell Mistold Mistold To tell something wrongly Misthink Misthought Misthought To have mistaken thoughts or ideas Misunderstand Misunderstood Misunderstood Not to understand Miswear Misswore Misworn To wear badly Miswed Miswed/Miswedded Miswed/Miswedded To marry wrongly Miswrite Miswrote Miswritten To write something incorrectly To have a second job or to work Moonlight Moonlit Moonlit illegally without paying tax Mow Mowed Mown To cut grass or cereals N Base Past Simple Past Participle Definition Form Naysay Naysaid Naysaid To oppose or criticise Nose-dived/Nose- Nose-dived/NoseNose-dive To dive or plunge nose first (aircraft) dove dove O Base Form Past Simple Offset Offset Past Participle Offset Outbid Outbid Outbid Outbreed Outdo Outbred Outdid Outbred Outdone Outdraw Outdrew Outdrawn Outdrink Outdrank Outdrunk Outdrive Outfight Outfly Outdrove Outfought Outflew Outdriven Outfought Outflown Outgrow Outgrew Outgrown Outlay Outlaid Outlaid Outleap Output Outride Outrun Outleapt/Outleaped Output/Outputted Outrode Outran Outleapt/Outleaped Output/Outputted Outridden Outrun Outsee Outsaw Outseen Outsell Outsold Outsold Outshine Outshoot Outshone Outshot Outshone Outshot Outsing Outsang Outsung Outsit Outsleep Outsmell Outsat Outslept Outsmelt/Outsmelled Outsat Outslept Outsmelt/Outsmelled Outspeak Outspoke Outspoken Outspeed Outsped Outsped Outspend Outspent Outspent Definition To compenaste or counterbalance To offer more money than someone in an auction or sale To breed faster than others To better than someone To pull out To pull a gun faster than an opponent To drink more than someone else, usually alcohol To drive faster or better To fight better than someone To fly faster or further To grow faster than something or someone To become too big or mature for something To spend money for a particular purpose To jump or leap further or higher To put out or produce To ride faster than someone To run or go faster than someone To see further To have greater foresight To sell more than something or someone To be better than someone To shoot faster or better To sing better or louder than someone To sit for longer than someone To sleep for longer than someone To have a better sense of smell To speak better or more than someone To go faster than someone or something To spend more than someone Outspin Outspring Outstand Outswear Outswim Outtell Outthink Outthrow Outwear Outwind Outwork Outwrite Overbear Overbid Overblow Overbreed Overbuild Overbuy Overcast Overcome Overcut Overdo Overdraw Overdrink Overdrive Overeat Overfeed Overfly Overgrow Outspun Outsprang Outstood Outspun Outsprung Outstood To finish or die To spring or jump out To be clearly different or better To exceed someone in swearingOutswore Outsworn oaths or bad language To swim faster or further than Outswam Outswum someone To be better or exceed in telling or Outtold Outtold calculating Outthought Outthought To think better ideas than someone To throw further or more Outthrew Outthrown accurately To last longer (of materials, Outwore Outworn clothes, etc) Outwound Outwound To unloose Outworked/Outwrought Outworked/Outwrought To work harder or better Outwrote Outwritten To be better at writing Overbore Overborne To use force or authority to control To bid more something is worth Overbid Overbid To bid more than you can win in a card game To become subdued Overblew Overblown To blow away To force too much To breed too much so that features Overbred Overbred become excessive Overbuilt Overbuilt To build too much, overdevelop To buy too much Overbought Overbought To pay too much To become cloudy Overcast Overcast To sew with overcast stitiches (long slanting stitches) To master a problem or difficult situation Overcame Overcome To become helpless because of excessive emotions or physical difficulties To cut down more trees than Overcut Overcut permitted To something to excess Overdid Overdone To cook something too much To take money out of an account so Overdrew Overdrawn that a negative balance results Overdrank Overdrunk To drink too much To drive or work something too Overdrove Overdriven hard Overate Overeaten To eat too much Overfed Overfed To give too much food Overflew Overflown To fly over a place To grow too big or beyond a limit Overgrew Overgrown or boundary Overhang Overhear Overlay Overleap Overlearn Overlie Overpass Overpay Override Overrun Oversee Oversell Overset Oversew Overshoot Oversleep Oversow Overspeak Overspend Overspill Overspin Overspread Overspring Overstand Overstrew Overstride Overstrike Overstring Overtake Overthink Overhung Overhung To be above something To hear something accidently that Overheard Overheard was not said to you Overlaid Overlaid To cover something with a layer Overleapt/Overleaped Overleapt/Overleaped To jump over To continue learning afer having Overlearnt/Overlearned Overlearnt/Overlearned reached a basic proficiency To lie on top of Overlay Overlain To kill by lying on top of Overpast/Overpassed Overpast/Overpassed To cross, pass over Overpaid Overpaid To pay too much Overrode Overridden To ride through an enemy's country To flood Overran Overrun To invade and take control To observe people's work to make Oversaw Overseen sure that it is done properly To sell too much Oversold Oversold To publicise too much Overset Overset To overpower To sew two edges together with Oversewed Oversewn/Oversewed stitches overlapping both Overshot Overshot To go past a limit Overslept Overslept To sleep too late To sow on land that has already be Oversowed Oversown/Oversowed sown To speak too long or use too many Overspoke Overspoken words To spend more than allowed or Overspent Overspent budgeted To spill over Overspilt/Overspilled Overspilt/Overspilled To have a population that exceeds the space available Overspun Overspun To make something last too long Overspread Overspread To cover something Oversprang Oversprung To jump over Lose a sale of deal by sticking to a Overstood Overstood price or conditions unacceptable to the other party To sprinkle or strew something Overstrewed Overstrewed/Overstrewn onto another thing To walk across or over Overstrode Overstridden To walk faster than someone To dominate To stamp a new value or Overstruck Overstruck inscription on a old coin To tie a string too tightly Overstrung Overstrung To string piano bass strings across treble strings To pass a vehicle that is going Overtook Overtaken more slowly Overthought Overthought To think or plan too much Overthrow Overthrew Overthrown Overwear Overwore Overworn Overwind Overwound Overwound Overwithhold Overwithheld Overwithheld Overwrite Overwritten Overwrote To remove someone forcibly from government or power To wear something too much or often, or wear it out To wind a clock or something too much so it strains the spring To deduct too much tax from a payment or salary To record data on top of existing data, erasing the original P Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Partake Partook Partaken Pay Paid Paid Pen Pent/Penned Pent/Penned Pinch-hit Pinch-hit Pinch-hit Plead Pled/Pleaded Pled/Pleaded Potshot Potshot/Potshotted Potshot Practiceteach Prebind Prebuild Precut Predo Premake Prepay Presell Preset Definition To take part in something or a part of something, usually food To give somebody money in exchange for things or services To shut up or enclose in a cage, etc To bat instead of a player in baseball, especially when a hit is needed To tell a court that you are guilty or innocent To ask for special treatment by authorities, etc To shoot at random To criticise at random Practice-taught Practice-taught To teach as part of training Prebound Prebuilt Precut Predid Premade Prepaid Presold Preset Prebound Prebuilt Precut Predone Premade Prepaid Presold Preset Preshrink Preshrank Preshrunk Presplit Presplit Price-cut Price-cut Presplit Price-cut Proofread Proofread Proofread Prove Put Proven/Proved Put To bind before Prefabricate To cut something before selling or assembling it To something before a certain time of stage To make something before a time or stage To pay for something using it To sell before a certain time To arrange something before it is needed To shrink a fabric before selling it so that it will not become smaller when washed To split or divide before a certain time To cut or reduce prices To read something checking carefully for mistakes To demonstrate that something is true To place something in a specific position Proved Put Q Base Past Simple Form QuickQuick-froze freeze Past Participle Quick-frozen Definition To freeze something rapidly Quit Quit Quit To stop doing something To resign from a job R Base Form Past Simple Rap Rapped/Rapt Re-prove Re-proved Past Participle Definition Rapped/Rapt To be very affected by strong emotion Re-proven/Re-proved To prove again To look at written words and understand Read Read Read them To deprive Reave Reft/Reaved Reft/Reaved To take by force Reawake Reawoke Reawoken/Reawaken To wake up again Rebid Rebid Rebid To bid again Rebind Rebound Rebound To cover a book again To transmit something on televison or the Rebroadcast Rebroadcast Rebroadcast radio again Rebuild Rebuilt Rebuilt To build something again Recast Recast Recast To replace an actor or actress Recut Recut Recut To cut again or differently Redd Redd/Redded Redd/Redded To save or rescue Redeal Redealt Redealt To deal playing cards again Redo Redid Redone To something again To draw again Redraw Redrew Redrawn To change boundaries, frontiers, etc To gather together Reeve Rove/Reeved Rove/Reeved To thread something through a hole To repair a ship, plane or vehicle Refit Refit Refit To fit something again To grind again Regrind Reground Reground To smooth worn engine parts Regrow Regrew Regrown To grow again Rehang Rehung Rehung To hang again or in a different position Rehear Reheard Reheard To hear something again To knit again Reknit Reknit/Reknitted Reknit/Reknitted To join back together To operate a system where things are Relay Relaid Relaid replaced as they become used or tired Relearn Relearnt/Relearned Relearnt/Relearned To learn again Relight Relit/Relighted Relit/Relighted To light or start something burning again To make something again, such as a new Remake Remade Remade version of a film Rend Rent Rent To tear or rip Repay Repaid Repaid To pay somebody money owed Reread Reread Reread To read again Rerun Reran Rerun To show a film again Resell Resold Resold To sell something again Resend Resent Resent To send something again To put something back to the original way it Reset Reset Reset was organised Resew Reshoot Resit Resow Respell Resewed Reshot Resat Resowed Respelled/Respelt Resewn/Reswed Reshot Resat Resown/Resowed Respelled/Respelt To sew again To shoot a film scene again To take an exam or test again To sow again To spell again To fit new strings on a musical instrument or Restring Restrung Restrung a bow Retake Retook Retaken Take again, especially exams and tests Reteach Retaught Retaught To teach again Retear Retore Retorn To tear again, usually of injuries Retell Retold Retold To tell something again Rethink Rethought Rethought To think again To tread again Retread Retrod Retrodden To cut new tread in a tyre To fit new parts into an older machine that Retrofit Retrofit/Retrofitted Retrofit/Retrofitted weren't available when the machine was made Rewake Rewoke/Rewaked Rewoken/Rewaked To wake again Rewear Rewore Reworn To wear again Reweave Rewove/Reweaved Rewoven/Reweaved To weave again Rewed Rewed/Rewedded Rewed/Rewedded To marry again Rewet Rewet/Rewetted Rewet/Rewetted To wet again Rewin Rewon Rewon To win again To put a cassette or video back to the Rewind Rewound Rewound beginning To write something again, usually with Rewrite Rewrote Rewritten improvements Rid Rid/Ridded Rid/Ridded To dispose of Ride Rode Ridden To travel by horse, bike or motorbike To telephone Ring Rang Rung To make sounds with a bell Rise Rose Risen To move upwards Rive Rived Riven/Rived To break apart ot split Rough-hew Rough-hewed Rough-hewn To make a rough version of something Roughcast Roughcast Roughcast To prepare a rough form of something To move quickly, so that both legs leave the Run Ran Run ground Past Simple Past Participle S Base Form Sand-cast Sand-cast Sand-cast Saw Say See Seek Self-feed Sawn/Sawed Said Seen Sought Self-fed Self-sown/Selfsowed Sold Sawed Said Saw Sought Self-fed Self-sow Self-sowed Sell Sold Definition To make a cast by pouring metal into a mold made of sand To cut wood, etc, with a tool To speak words To notice with your eyes To try to find something To feed itself without assistance To sow itself without assistance To receive money in exchange for goods Send Sent Sent Set Set Set Sew Sewed Sewn/Sewed Shake Shook Shaken Shave Shaved Shaven/Shaved Shear Shore/Sheared Shorn/Sheared Shed Shed Shed Shend Shew Shine Shit Shoe Shent Shewed Shone Shat/Shit Shod Shent Shewn/Shewed Shone Shat/Shit Shod Shoot Shot Shot Shortcut Shortcut Shortcut Show Showed Shown Shrink Shrank Shrunk Shrive Shrove Shriven Shut Shut Sidewind Sidewound Sight-read Sight-read Sightsee Sightsaw Sing Sang Shut Sidewound Sight-read Sightseen Sung Sink Sank Sunk Sit Sat Sat Skywrite Slay Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Skywrote Slew Slept Slid Slung Slunk Slit Skywritten Slain Slept Slid/Slidden Slung Slunk Slit Smell Smelt/Smelled Smelt/Smelled Smite Smote Snapshoot Snapshot Smitten Snapshot Sneak Sneaked/Snuck Sneaked/Snuck Soothsay Soothsaid Sow Sowed Soothsaid Sown To cause something to be taken to a specific destination, especially letters, message, etc To place something somewhere To fix something in a particular position To join pieces of material together using thread To vibrate To make something vibrate To remove body hair To cut with scissors, especially wool from sheep To fall off or let something fall off; snakes shed their skin To shame or disgrace Show To give off or reflect bright light To get rid of solid body waste To provide with shoes, especially horses To fire a bullet from a gun To kill or hurt somebody with a gun To use a shorter or quicker way of going somehere or doing something To allow somebody to see something so that they can become aware of it To become smaller To make something smaller To confess or listen to a confession, a religious term To close something To move like the sidewinder snake To read music To visit famous monuments, etc To make music with your voice To move downwards in water To make something move downwards in water To support your body with your buttocks not your feet, with the back in a vertical position as on a chair To write in the sky with smoke To kill To be in a relaxed state with your eyes closed To move on a smooth surface, such as ice To throw something somewhere To move in a suspicious and guilty way To make a long thin cut in something To detect odours with your nose To emit odours To hit Take a quick photograph To move around guiltily or to avoid being noticed To predict the future To plant seeds in the ground to produce plants or cereals To say words with your mouth Speak Spoke Spoken To be able to use a language To move quickly Speed Sped/Speeded Sped/Speeded To drive faster than legally permitted To use the correct combination of letters for a Spell Spelt/Spelled Spelt/Spelled word Spellbind Spellbound Spellbound To put into a trance or captivate To Use money to buy things Spend Spent Spent To use time or energy doimg something To allow liquids out of their containers Spill Spilt/Spilled Spilt/Spilled accidentally To turn repeatedly in circles around a fixed Spin Span/Spun Spun point To make something turn repeatedly in circles Spit Spat/Spit Spat/Spit To eject saliva, liquid or food from the mouth To divide Split Split Split To break open To let something go bad Spoil Spoilt/Spoiled Spoilt/Spoiled To go bad To give someone information in small and Spoonfeed Spoonfed Spoonfed very easy bits To cover the surface of one thing with Spread Spread Spread something else, like butter on bread To jump Spring Sprang Sprung To become active Stall-feed Stall-fed Stall-fed To feed or fatten an animal in a stall To be in a vertical position with the weight on Stand Stood Stood the feet To get into this position Stave Stove/Staved/Stoved Stove/Staved/Stoved To break a hole in something Steal Stole Stolen To take property or money that is not yours To attach things with glue Stick Stuck Stuck To insert a sharp object into something To feel pain caused by an insect or plant or in a Sting Stung Stung particular part of the body Stink Stank Stunk To smell very badly Straphang Straphung Straphung To hold a strap for support Strew Strewed Strewn/Strewed To distribute things randomly over a surface Stride Strode/Strided Stridden To walk confidently To stop working as a protest about working Strike Struck Struck/Stricken conditions To hit String Strung Strung To attach something using a cord To undress Strip Stript/Stripped Stript/Stripped To remove the covering of something Strive Strove Striven To try very hard to something Sublet Sublet Sublet To rent something you have rented To get red skin from being in the sun for too Sunburn Sunburned/Sunburnt Sunburned/Sunburnt long To use words which are regarded as offensive Swear Swore Sworn To promise Sweat Sweep Sweat/Sweated Swept/Sweeped Sweat/Sweated Swept/Sweeped Swell Swelled Swollen Swim Swam Swum Swing Swink Swung Swank/Swonk Swung Swonken Switch-hit Switch-hit Switch-hit To perspire To clean floors using a brush To increase in size usually by filling with liquids or gases To travel in water by moving your arms and legs To move from side to side from a fixed point To work, toil or labour To bat right-handed against a left-handed bowler, or vice versa, in baseball T Base Form Past Simple Take Took Teach Taught Team-teach Team-taught Tear Tore Telecast Telecast/Telecasted Tell Told Test-drive Test-drove Test-fly Test-flew Think Thought Thrive Throve/Thrived Throw Threw Thrust Thrust Thunderstrike Thunderstruck Tine Toss Tread Troubleshoot Tint/Tined Tossed/Tost Trod Troubleshot Typecast Typecast Typeset Typewrite Typeset Typewrote Past Participle Definition To perform an action Taken To acquire Taught To instruct or train somebody To teach with more than one Team-taught teacher for the class or group To make a hole or divide Torn material, paper, etc Telecast/Telecasted To broadcast on TV To give somebody Told information To drive a car to test it before Test-driven buying Test-flown To test a plane To have an opinion Thought To use the brain To very well because the Thriven/Thrived circumstances or situation is right To cause an object to leave Thrown your hand in such a way that it travels through the air Thrust To push with force To strike with lightning Thunderstruck/Thunderstricken To shock Tint/Tined To shut Tossed/Tost Throw around Trodden To put your foot down Troubleshot To solve a problem To give an actor the same sort Typecast of role repeatedly Typeset To compose type for printing Typewritten To write with a typewriter U Base Form Past Simple Unbear Unbore Past Participle Unborn/Unborne Definition To remove a horse's rein and straps To retore something to its original shape that has been distorted To set something free Unbind Unbound Unbound To untie, remove ropes, chains, etc Unbuild Unbuilt Unbuilt To demolish Unclothe Unclad/Unclothed Unclad/Unclothed To remove clothes To offer less money in an auction or Underbid Underbid Underbid/Underbidden sale Underbuy Underbought Underbought To buy for less than the real value To sell at a cheaper price than a Undercut Undercut Undercut competitor To dive, dig, explore under Underdelve Underdelved Underdolven/Underdelved something To less than necessary Underdo Underdid Underdone Not to cook enough To give too little food to someone or Underfeed Underfed Underfed an animal To make something secure Undergird Undergirt/Undergirded Undergirt/Undergirded underneath To give moral support To suffer or go through an Undergo Underwent Undergone unpleasant experience, such as surgery Underlay Underlaid Underlaid To put underneath something Underlet Underlet Underlet To rent for less than the real value To be the real reason, meaning or Underlie Underlay Underlain idea behind something, usually hidden or not clear To pay someone too little or pay less Underpay Underpaid Underpaid than the price To pass or flow underneath Underrun Underran Underrun something To sell at a lower price than a Undersell Undersold Undersold competitor To shoot too short Undershoot Undershot Undershot Not to reach a traget To sepnd less money than allocated Underspend Underspent Underspent in the department or company's budget To know or come to know the Understand Understood Understood meaning of something To accept responsibility for doing Undertake Undertook Undertaken something To insert faulted rock under a Underthrust Underthrust Underthrust passive rock mass To accept part or all of a financial Underwrite Underwrote Underwritten risk, especially insurance To ruin somebody's reputation Undo Undid Undone To 'open' clothes or shoes before taking them off To open a curtain Undraw Undrew Undrawn To withdraw Unbend Unbent Unbent Undraw Undrew Undrawn Unfreeze Unfroze Unfrozen Unhang Unhung Unhung Unhide Unhid Unhidden Unhold Unknit Unlade Unlay Unheld Unknit/Unknitted Unladed Unlaid Unheld Unknit/Unknitted Unladen/Unladed Unlaid Unlearn Unlearnt/Unlearned Unlearnt/Unlearned Unmake Unreeve Unmade Unrove/Unreeved Unmade Unrove/Unreeved Unsay Unsaid Unsaid Unsell Unsold Unsold Unsew Unsewed Unsewn/Unsewed Unsling Unslung Unslung Unspeak Unspoke Unspoken Unspin Unspun Unspun Unstick Unstuck Unstuck Unstring Unstrung Unstrung Unswear Unswore Unsworn Unteach Untaught Untaught Unthink Unthought Unthought Untread Untrod Untrodden Unweave Unwove Unwoven Unwind Unwrite Upbuild Uphold Unwound Unwrote Upbuilt Upheld Unwound Unwritten Upbuilt Upheld Uppercut Uppercut Uppercut Uprise Uprose Uprisen Upset Upset Upset Upspring Upsweep Uptear Upsprang Upswept Uptore Upsprung Upswept Uptorn To open, draw back (curtains, etc) To make assets availably for use To thaw something To remove something that is hanging To expose something that was hidden To stop holding or not to hold To untie To remove cargo, unload To untwist a rope To try to forget or change a habit or something that had been learned To remove a decision To remove a rope from a hook Not to say something To take back something that you said To convince someone that something is worthless or false To undo someone sewed, remove the stitches To remove something held in a sling To take back what has been said or not to say something To untwist or unravel To seperate things that have been stuck together To take off To open something secured with string To take back an oath To make someone forget something they have learned To remove something from your mind To tread back, retrace your steps To undo things that have been woven together To relax To delete writing or not to write To build up, develop on a large scale To support or confirm a decision To punch upwards towards someone's chin To get up, stand up, move up To return from the dead To make somebody unhappy or disturbed To jump or spring up To sweep or brush upwards To tear into pieces V Base Past Simple Form Vex Vext/Vexed Past Participle Vext/Vexed Definition To trouble or annoy W Base Form Past Simple Past Participle Definition To stop sleeping and become conscious Wake Woke Woken To make somebody stop sleeping Waylay Waylaid Waylaid To wait for or to stop somebody to rob them Wear Wore Worn To have clothes on your body Weave Wove Woven To make material Wed Wed/Wedded Wed/Wedded To marry Weep Wept Wept To cry heavily Wend Wended/Went Wended/Went To go, make your way To make something wet by applying a liquid Wet Wet/Wetted Wet/Wetted to it To cut with whipsaw (a saw for two people) Whipsaw Whipsawed Whipsawn/Whipsawed To victimise To be the best in a competition, game, Win Won Won election, etc To turn something round to make a Wind Wound Wound mechanical process operate To feed cattle in the winter when they can't Winterfeed Winterfed Winterfed graze To make wire Wiredraw Wiredrew Wiredrawn To make something last a long time, especially speech Wit Wist Wist To know To remove money from a bank Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn To remove something from a place Withhold Withheld Withheld Not to let somebody have something Withstand Withstood Withstood To resist successfully Wont Wont Wont/Wonted To be accustomed To make physical or mental effort to produce Work Worked/Wrought Worked/Wrought or achieve something To cover Wrap Wrapped/Wrapt Wrapped/Wrapt To transport emotionally Wreak Wreaked Wreaked/Wroken To cause or make something happen To put a lot of pressure on something to Wring Wrung Wrung remove liquids Write Wrote Written To put words onto paper using a pen or pencil Z Base Past Simple Past Participle Definition ... nineteen 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 31 thirty-one 22 twenty-two 40 forty 23 twenty-three 50 fifty 24 twenty-four 60 sixty 25 twenty-five 70 seventy 26 twenty-six 80 eighty 27 twenty-seven 90 ninety 28 ... nineteenth 20 th twentieth 21 st twenty-first 31 22 nd twenty-second 40 23 rd twenty-third 50 24 th twenty-fourth 60 25 th twenty-fifth 70 26 th twenty-sixth 80 27 th twenty-seventh 90 28 th twenty-eighth... TH ST với số thứ tự 1, ND với số thứ tự 2, RD với số thứ tự VD: • • • • • • first = 1st second = 2nd third = 3rd fourth = 4th twenty-sixth = 26 th hundred and first = 101st * Danh hiệu vua, hoàng