Chapter E-Learning and Use of Technology in Training McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning  New technologies have made it possible to: reduce the costs associated with delivering training increase the effectiveness of the learning environment help training contribute to business goals 8-2 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  New training delivery and instructional methods include: online learning (e-learning) distance learning simulations virtual reality expert systems electronic support systems learning management systems 8-3 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  Benefits of Technology Employees can gain control over when and where they receive training Employees can access knowledge and expert systems on an as-needed basis The learning environment can look, feel, and sound just like the work environment Employees can choose the type of media they want to use in a training program 8-4 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  Benefits of Technology Paperwork and time needed for administrative activities is reduced Employees’ accomplishments during training can be monitored Traditional training methods can be delivered to trainees rather than requiring them to come to a central training location 8-5 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  Digital collaboration use of technology to enhance and extend employees’ abilities to work together regardless of their geographic proximity can be synchronous or asynchronous 8-6 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  Prior to the introduction of new technology: Trainees played a passive role in learning Interaction among learners occurred primarily outside the training room and tended to be limited  Due to technology, learning has become a more dynamic process Instructor is more of a coach and resource person 8-7 Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning Environments 8-8 Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning Environments 8-9 Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning Environments 8-10 Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) (cont.)  Different from other new training technologies in several ways: Can make decisions about the trainee’s level of understanding Can complete a self-assessment resulting in a modification of its teaching process 8-36 Figure 8.4 - Components of Intelligent Tutoring Systems 8-37 Distance Learning  It involves two types of technology: Teleconferencing - synchronous exchange of audio, video, and/or text between two or more individuals or groups at two or more locations Interactive distance learning (IDL) - latest generation of distance learning, which uses satellite technology to broadcast programs to different locations and allows trainees to respond to questions posed during the training program using a keypad 8-38 Distance Learning (cont.)  Advantages: Company saves on travel costs Allows employees in geographically dispersed sites to receive training from experts who would not otherwise be available to visit each location  Disadvantages: Lack of interaction between the trainer and the audience Technology failures Unprepared trainers 8-39 Table 8.10 - Conditions When Training Support Technologies are Most Needed 8-40 Technologies for Training Support  Expert systems - technology that organizes and applies the knowledge of human experts to specific problems It has three elements: A knowledge base A decision-making capability A user interface 8-41 Technologies for Training Support (cont.)  Groupware - enables multiple users to track, share, and organize information and to work on the same document simultaneously Companies use groupware to improve business processes, to improve meeting effectiveness, as well as to identify and share knowledge in the organization 8-42 Technologies for Training Administration  Interactive voice technology - uses a conventional personal computer to create an automated phone response system  Imaging - scanning documents, storing them electronically, and retrieving them  Training software applications - used to track information related to training administration, employee skills, employees’ training activities, online learning, and transfer of training 8-43 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration  Learning management system (LMS) - a technology platform that can be used to automate the administration, development, and delivery of all of a company’s training programs 8-44 Table 8.12 - Features of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) 8-45 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration (cont.)  Advantages of LMSs: Reduces travel and training related costs Reduces time for program completion Increase employees’ accessibility to training across the business Provides administrative capabilities to track program completion and course enrollments Allows companies to track all learning activity in the business 8-46 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration (cont.)  The major reasons that companies adopt an LMS are: To centralize management of learning activities Track regulatory compliance Measure training usage and employee performance 8-47 Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration (cont.)  Developing on LMS Senior management needs to be convinced that an LMS will benefit employees, improve business functions, and contribute to overall business strategies and goals The company must have an e-learning culture The online learning environment needs to be under the control of the learner 8-48 Choosing New Technology Training Methods  New technology training methods should be considered when: Sufficient budget and resources are provided Trainees are geographically dispersed Trainees are comfortable using technology It is a part of the company’s business strategy and suits its culture Employees have a difficult time attending scheduled training programs Current training methods allow limited time for practice, feedback, and assessment 8-49 Table 8.13 - Comparison of Technology-based Training Methods 8-50 ... Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  Benefits of Technology Employees can gain control over when and where they receive training Employees can access knowledge and expert systems... 8-10 Technology and Multimedia  Multimedia training - combines audiovisual training methods with computer-based training 8-11 Table 8.2 - Advantages and Disadvantages of Multimedia Training 8-12... them to come to a central training location 8-5 Technology’s Influence on Training and Learning (cont.)  Digital collaboration use of technology to enhance and extend employees’ abilities to