THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS ACTIVE PASSIVE VOICE EXPLANATIONS BY DAS SIR,KOLKATA(09038870684) To Purchase Study Material or Classroom Coaching Of All Subjects Of SSC-CGL/ Banking Call Das Sir @ 09038870684 or comment your email id with your contact no Rules: There are two ways to express an action of a subject in relation to its object   • Active voice • Passive voice  In “active voice” subject acts upon object, while in “passive voice” object is acted upon by subject It can also be said, in “active voice” subject does a work on object, while in “passive voice” object is worked on by subject The normal structure of an active voice sentence is subject+verb+object but in passive the normal structure of sentence is reversed according to certain rules and becomes like object+verb+subject The real meaning of a sentence does not change if the sentence is expressed either by active voice or by passive voice The active voice is mostly used in writing because it gives a direct and more FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS concise meaning Passive voice is used sometimes due to the following reasons When intentionally hiding the subject of sentence For example, a student who failed in exam might say, some chapters were not studied Another example Women were not treated as equals When passive voice better explain thought of sentence For example, to say, cloth is sold in yards, is more meaningful than to say, Shop keepers sell cloth in yards When passive voice better emphasizes the main though of the sentence For example, a man who is being teased by another person might say in anger, “you will be beaten by me” When subject is not exactly known For example, His watch was stolen It is not known that who stole his watch, the subject (thief) is not exactly known so it is better to use passive voice for such sentence.There are certain rules for expressing a thought in passive voice or for changing a sentence from active voice to passive voice Fundamental Rules for changing from active voice to passive voice The places of subject and object are interchanged i.e the object shifts to the place of subject and subject shifts to the place of object in passive voice Example Active voice: I write a letter Passive voice: I letter is written by me Subject (I) of sentence shifted to the place of object (letter) and object (letter) shifted to the place of subject (I) in passive voice FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Sometimes subject of sentence is not used in passive voice Subject of sentence can be omitted in passive voice, if without subject it can give enough meaning in passive voice.Examples Passive voice: cloth is sold in yards 3rd form of verb (past participle) is always used as main verb in sentences of passive voice for all tenses Base form of verb or present participle will be never used in passive voice The word “by” is used before subject in sentences in passive voice.Example Active voice: He sings a song Passive voice: A song is sung by him The word “by” is not always used before subject in passive voice Sometimes words “with, to, etc” may also be used before subject in passive voice Examples Active voice: The water fills the tub Passive voice: The tub is filled with water Active voice: He knows me Passive voice: I am known to him Auxiliary verbs are used passive voice according to the tense of sentence PASSIVE VOICE FOR ALL TENSES RULES    The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice Auxiliary verbs for each tense are given below in the table FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Present Simple Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am/is/are Active voice: Passive voice: He sings a song A song is sung by him He does not sing a song.Does A song is not sung by him he sing a song? Is a song sung by him? Present Continuous Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am being/is being/are being Passive voice: Active voice: A letter is being written by me I am writing a letter A letter is not being written by I am not writing a letter me Am I writing a letter? Is a letter being written by me? Present Perfect Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: has been/have been Passive voice: Active voice: Her work has been finished by her She has finished his work Her work has not been finished by She has not finished her her work Has her work been finished by Has she finished her work? her? Past Simple Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was/were Active voice: Passive voice: I killed a snake A snake was killed by me I did not kill a snake A snake was not killed by me FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Did I kill a snake? Was a snake killed by me? Past Continuous Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: was being/were being Active voice: Passive voice: He was driving a car A car was being driven by him He was not driving a car A car was not being driven by him Was he driving a car? Was a car being driven by him? Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: had been Active voice: Passive voice: They had completed the The assignment had been assignment completed by them They had not completed the The assignment had not been assignment complete by them Had they completed the Had the assignment been assignment? completed by them? Future Simple Tense (Passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will be Active voice: Passive voice: She will buy a car A car will be bought by her She will not buy a car A car will not be bought by her Will she buy a car? Will a car be bought by her? Future Perfect Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: will have been Active voice: Passive voice: FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS You will have started the job You will have not started the job Will you have started the job? The job will have been started by you The job will not have been started by you Will the job have been started by you? Note: The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice Present perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense Future continuous tense Future perfect continuous tense Sentence having Intransitive verbs Passive voice for Present/Future Modals “CAN, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, MUST, OUGHT TO”    The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice To change sentences having present/future modal into passive voice, auxiliary verb “be” is added after modal in sentence FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Passive voice for Present/Future Modals “CAN, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, MUST, OUGHT TO” Auxiliary verb in passive voice: be Active voice: CAN She can play a violin She cannot play a violin Can she play a violin? Active voice: MAY I may buy the computer I may not buy the computer May I buy the computer? Active voice: MIGHT Guests might play chess Guests might not play chess Active voice: SHOULD Students should study all lessons Students should not study all lessons Passive voice: CAN BE A violin can be played by her A violin cannot be played by her Can a violin be played by her? Active voice: MAY BE The computer may be bought by me The computer may not be bought by me May the computer be bought by me? Active voice: MIGHT BE Chess might be played by guests Chess might not be played guests Active voice: SHOULD BE All lessons should be studied by students All lessons should not be studied by students FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Should students study all lessons? Active voice: MUST You must learn the test-taking strategies You must not learn the testtaking strategies Active voice: OUGHT TO They ought to take the examination Should all lessons be studied by students? Active voice: MUST BE Test-taking strategies must be learnt by you Test-taking strategies must not be learned by you Active voice: OUGHT TO BE The examination ought to be taken by them Passive voice for Past Modals “MAY HAVE, MIGHT HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, MUST HAVE, OUGHT TO HAVE”    The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice To change sentences having past modal into passive voice, auxiliary verb “been” is added after modal in sentence FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Passive voice for Present/Future Modals “MAY HAVE, MIGHT HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, MUST HAVE, OUGHT HAVE TO” Auxiliary verb in passive voice: been Active voice: MAY HAVE You may have availed the opportunity You may not have availed the opportunity Active voice: MAY HAVE BEEN The opportunity may have been availed by you The opportunity may not have been availed by you Active voice: MIGHT HAVE BEEN Active voice: MIGHT HAVE Meal might have been eaten by He might have eaten meal him He might not have eaten meal Meal might not have been eaten by him Active voice: SHOULD Active voice: SHOULD HAVE HAVE BEEN You should have studied the The book should have been book studied by you You should not have studied The book should have not been the book studied by you Active voice: MUST HAVE Active voice: MUST HAVE BEEN He must have started job Job must have been started by He must not have started job you Job must not have been started FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS by you Active voice: OUGHT TO Active voice: OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN HAVE He ought to have been helped You ought to have helped him by you Passive voice of imperative sentences (command and request) A sentence which expresses command or request or advice is called imperative sentence For example, Open the door Turn off the television Learn your lesson For changing these sentences in to passive voice, auxiliary verb “be” is used The word “Let” is added before sentence in passive voice Auxiliary verb “be” is added after object in sentence in passive voice Main verb (base form) of imperative sentence is changed to 3rd form of verb (past participle) in passive voice For best understand read the following examples FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Examples Passive voice of “Imperative Sentences” Active Voice Open the door Complete the work Turn off the television Learn your lesson Kill the snake Punish him Speak the truth Help the poor Revise your book Clean your room Passive Voice Let the door be opened Let the worked be completed Let the television be tuned off Let your lesson be learnt Let the snake be killed Let him be punished Let the truth be spoken Let the poor be helped Let your book be revised Let your room be cleaned Sentences which cannot be changed into passive voice Transitive and intransitive verb A verb can be either transitive or intransitive A transitive verb needs an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning while intransitive verb does need an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning For example, FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS Transitive verb He sent a letter (Send is a transitive verb and it needs an object i.e letter to express full meaning.) Intransitive Verb He laughs (Laugh is an intransitive verb and it does not need object for expressing full meaning.) e.g Sleep, go, reach, sit, die, are examples of intransitive verbs Intransitive verb cannot be changed into passive voice The sentences having intransitive verbs (belonging to any tense) cannot be changed into passive voice The reason is that there is not any object in such sentences and without object of sentence passive voice is not possible A sentence can be changed into passive voice if it has subject and object Sometimes subject may not be written in passive voice but it does not mean that it has no subject Such sentences have subject but the subject is so common or familiar or known that if even it is not written in passive voice, it gives full meaning For example Cloth is sold in yards FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS The following tenses can also not be changed into passive voice Present perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense Future continuous tense Future perfect continuous tense Active and Passive Voice Exercise Rewrite the following sentences so that the verbs will be in the active voice 10 11 12 13 14 15 We are taught grammar by Ms Sullivan He was praised by the teacher The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen The town was destroyed by an earthquake The teacher was pleased with the boy’s work The building was damaged by the fire By whom were you taught French? You will be given a ticket by the manager The streets were thronged with spectators We will be blamed by everyone The trees were blown down by the wind The thieves were caught by the police The letter was posted by Alice We were received by the hostess The snake was killed with a stick FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/SSC EXAMS 16 17 18 The minister was welcomed by the people He was found guilty of murder This house was built by John Mathews in 1991 Answers 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Ms Sullivan teaches us grammar The teacher praised him The firemen took the injured to the hospital An earthquake destroyed the town The boy’s work pleased the teacher The fire damaged the building Who taught you French? The manager will give you a ticket Spectators thronged the streets Everyone will blame us The wind blew down the trees The police caught the thieves Alice posted the letter The hostess received us They/somebody killed the snake with a stick The people welcomed the minister They found him guilty of murder John Mathews built this house in 1991 IF YOU LIKE MY POST PLZ SHARE IT.BEST OF LUCK FOR YOUR SUCCESS AHEAD—DAS SIR,KOLKATA FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING/SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 ... NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING /SSC EXAMS Present Simple Tense (passive Voice) Auxiliary verb in passive voice: am/is/are Active voice: Passive voice: He sings a... & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING /SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING /SSC EXAMS by you Active voice: OUGHT TO Active. .. been Active voice: Passive voice: FOR COACHING & STUDY NOTES OF ALL SUBJECTS OF BANKING /SSC EXAMS CALL DAS SIR 09038870684 THIS STUDY NOTES IS PREPARED BY DAS SIR WHO PREPARES STUDENTS FOR BANKING/ SSC