Table of Contents I International law .1 I International human right laws II International Humanitarian law I International law The relationship of exchange and cooperation between countries is always needed a legal corridor to ensure stability and durability The work associated with international law thus plays a key role in the era of globalization today International law is a system of principles and legal regulations, agreed by countries and other entities of international law, on the basis of voluntariness and equality, to regulate arising relations between countries and entities in all areas of international life (Hehir, 2017) Through struggle and negotiation These laws are established to control multifaceted relations (primarily political relations) among international legal actors (first and foremost between nations) and in case of necessity, it is guaranteed to be implemented coercively by the subjects of international law and by the struggle of the people and public opinion in the world, countries come together to make these agreements which are believed to be beneficial to their citizens (Kanrs and Mingst, 2004) International law enforces only when the sovereign state agrees to be bound, as the result, state only agree when it convenient for them (Hehir, 2017) Federal legislation is a system of legal, written or unwritten set of rules, it recognized by the state to regulate legal relations between subjects of law, those relations arise from in the territory or jurisdiction of that country Domestic law has a direct effect on the territory of the country that issued it It governs the behavior and action of individuals within its state or country Different countries will have different legal systems When learning about any legal system, one of the most important issues that we must approach is the "Source of Law" Rules of International Law come from many different sources, the invocation and application of international law’s sources has been defined by a specific chapter in the International Court of Justice: Item Article 38 Chapter II (Kanrs and Mingst, 2004) Based on Article 38 we can see that international law have different types of sources: Treaties or conventions; customary practices, writing of legal scholar, judicial decisions, general principles of law Among them, the two most important and fundamental sources are Treaties or conventions and customary practices Customary practices were formed in international relations practice and recognized by international law subjects as a law It is the process of transforming from an informal law into a formal law Thus, it is agreements that are implicit and unwritten Treaties are international legal documents agreed by countries and other subjects of international law to establish, change or terminate the rights and obligations between them, treaties can be universal or non-universal, global or regional, multilateral or bilateral An international treaty is a public agreement and is expressed in writing form (Christopher, 2018) The United Nations, The International Criminal Court, The International Court of Justice, The World Trade Organization are the institutions of international law (Curtis and Jack 2011) I International human right laws International human rights law is the body of international laws designed to promote Human Right on social, regional and domestic level The International Human Rights Law is a collection of legal documents issued by intergovernmental organizations, sovereign states represented by the United Nations, which regulates human rights and guarantee to exercise those rights Human rights have always been one of the most important topics in the UN agenda Recent regional and international developments show that human rights issues will not only exist in the development of humanitarian categories but also increasingly dominating legal relations, trade, national sovereignty, international politics, peace and human civilization There are three roots of International Human rights Law: Religious Traditions which points out some notes such as respect one another, prohibit the infliction of physical or mental pain on others, help those in need, equality of race and racial toleration The Philosophers and Political Theorists includes the contents: State can neither usurp nor undermine, individual are equal and autonomous beings whose natural rights predate both national and international law, no individual should be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law The last one is Universalism and Cultural Relativism which states that all Human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated Related to the development history of human rights, it is possible to divide the rights into three generations The creator of this idea (in 1977) was a Czech jurist named Karel Vasak (globalization101.org) The first generation is Political and civil rights According to Vasak, the first generation of human rights is directed at two main issues: freedom and participation in the political life of individuals This generation includes the rights and freedom of people such as the right to live, the right to freedom of religious belief, freedom of expression, the right to vote, to stand for election, the right to have a fair trial These rights are tied to the category of personal freedom The second generation of human rights is socio-economic, which aims at creating equal and fair conditions and treatment for all citizens in society They were strongly promoted and mobilized since the end of the nineteenth century Typical rights that belong to this generation include: the right to be employed, the right to have social protection and health care services, the right to own housing the third one is Human right for specific group, this system includes typical rights of sell-determination, development right, rights to natural resources, right to peace, right to a healthy environment This list of generation rights is still being added, including the recently mentioned rights including: communication rights, right to participation in cultural heritage (globalization101.org) There are four divisions of Human right governance process The first is setting human rights standards and norms which performing NGOs and Anti-slavery movement, it is the key roles of the United Nations and Treaty-making The second is monitoring Human rights, NGOs takes part in this segment and play the dominant role The next one is promoting Human rights which is run by NGOs and UN and regional organizations The last one is enforcing Human right (Kanrs and Mingst, 2004) There are many tools that promoting Human rights law For instance, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and UN Human Rights Conventions II International Humanitarian law International Humanitarian Law is a major part of international law in wartime and includes rules that are designed to protect protect those who are out of combat or have been excluded from conflict Additionally, it limits the methods and means employed in the war To be more specific, the International Humanitarian Law applies to armed conflicts that are meant as an international treaty or customary laws to deal with humanitarian issues directly arising from armed conflicts whether they are international or not For humanitarian reasons, the rules of the Humanitarian Law will limit the freedom to use war methods and means of the warring parties (icrc.org) The phrase "International Humanitarian Law", "Armed Conflict Law" and "War Law" can be considered to be relatively the same meaning International organizations, universities, even countries often prefer the phrase International Humanitarian Law (or Humanitarian Law), while armed forces prefer to use the following two phrases Beginning of the First Geneva Convention in 1864, today's Humanitarian Law has evolved over the ages There has been about humanitarian relief for victims of the new weapons and new types of conflicts The following is the basic agreements listed in chronological order: 1864: Geneva Convention on improving conditions for wounded soldiers on the battlefield 1907: Review and development of La Haye Convention in 1899 and adoption of new Conventions 1929: Two Geneva Conventions: Review and development of the Geneva Conventions in 1906 Geneva Convention concerning the treatment of war’s prisoners (new) 1949: Four Geneva Conventions: Improving the status of war invalids and diseased soldiers in the armed forces fighting on land, sick soldiers and shipwreck of the armed forces at sea Treating war’s prisoners Protecting civilians during the war (icrc.prg) In the 1949 Conventions, three additional protocols are established: Protocol I is strengthening the protection of victims of international armed conflict 1977, Protocol II is strengthening the protection non- international armed conflicts’ victims, Protocol III is adoption of an additional distinctive emblem 2005 (icrc.org) Reference: Christopher, G 2008 Sources of international law: An introduction http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/greenwood_outline.pdf Hehir, A 2017 International law and world politics in Beeson, M and Bisley, N Issue in 21st century worlds politics, 3rd edition Curtis A and Jack L 2011 Foreign Relations Law: Cases and Materials (4th ed.) https://cyber.harvard.edu/cybersecurity/Overview_of_International_Law_and_Instituti ons 2019 International Committee of the Red Cross, The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/war-and-law/treaties-customary-law/genevaconventions/overview-geneva-conventions.htm 2019 International Committee of the Red Cross: What is the International Humanitarian Law? https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/what_is_ihl.pdf Kanrs, M & Mingst, K 2004, International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder and London, Second Edition, Chapter 10, pp.447-495 http://www.good-governance-debates.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/InternationalOrganizations_The-Politics-and-Processes-of-Global-Governance-by-KarnsMingst_2010.pdf Kanrs, M & Mingst, K 2004, International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder and London, Second Edition, Chapter 1, pp.3-34 http://www.good-governance-debates.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/InternationalOrganizations_The-Politics-and-Processes-of-Global-Governance-by-KarnsMingst_2010.pdf Globalization101.org Three generations of human rights https://www.globalization101.org/three-generations-of-rights/ ... one is enforcing Human right (Kanrs and Mingst, 2004) There are many tools that promoting Human rights law For instance, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and UN Human Rights Conventions... divisions of Human right governance process The first is setting human rights standards and norms which performing NGOs and Anti-slavery movement, it is the key roles of the United Nations and Treaty-making... international law (Curtis and Jack 2011) I International human right laws International human rights law is the body of international laws designed to promote Human Right on social, regional and domestic