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Đề cương ôn tập thi môn Kinh Doanh Quốc Tế (International Business) bao gồm khái niệm, câu hỏi tự luận, câu hỏi trắc nghiệm, bảng so sánh. Tài liệu được soạn bằng tiếng Anh. Polycentric approach: Hiring local managers. (requires hostcountry nationals to be recruited to manage subsidiaries, while parentcountry nationals occupy key positions at corporate headquarters. In many polycentric approach is a response to the shortcomings of an ethnocentric approach. One advantage of adopting a polycentric approach is that the firm is less likely to suffer from cultural myopia (cận thị). A second advantage is that a polycentric approach may be less expensive to implement, reducing the costs of value creation.) Geocentric approach: Hiring people for their skills. ( seek the best people for key jobs throughout the organization regardless of nationality.) Ethnocentric approach: Hiring managers with the same nationality. (is one in which all key management positions are filled many parent country nationals.)
STAFFING POLICY - Polycentric approach: Hiring local managers (reqiures host-country nationals to be recruited to manage subsidiaries, while parent-country nationals occupy key positions at corporate headquarters In many polycentric approach is a response to the shortcomings of an ethnocentric approach One advantage of adopting a polycentric approach is that the firm is less likely to suffer from cultural myopia (cận thị) A second advantage is that a polycentric approach may be less expensive to implement, reducing the costs of value creation.) - Geocentric approach: Hiring people for their skills ( seek the best people for key jobs throughout the organization regradless of nationality.) - Ethnocentric approach: Hiring managers with the same nationality (is one in which all key management positions are filled ny parent country nationals.) Staffing: the selection of employees who have the skills required to perform a particular job Training: preparing the manager for a specific job *** What does International Business refer to? - It refers to all commercial activities, private or governmental operated in two countries or more Explain what GLOBALIZATION means? - Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and independent world economy People and countries can exchange information and goods more quickly and in a less complicated way 3 What is the different of Globalization and Localization? Globalization Localization DEF: The tendency toward an international integration of goods, technology, information, labor, capital, or the process of making this integration DEF: The process of adapting a product or service to a particular culture, language, developing a local appeal and satisfying local needs Undifferentiation and convergence in customer preferences and income across target countries with economic development and trade; takes into account mass demand; quantity; international brand awaremess; cost benefits from stradardization Defferences in customer preferences and income across target countries; takes into account specific demand; localism; quality and values; local brand recognition; competition from both successful local products and international brands A MATRIX Organization DEFINITION: ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: A company structure in which the reporting relationships are set up as a grid, or matrix, rather than in the traditional hierarchy Access to expertise Confusion command of Stability of permanent departments for Power stuggles and employees conflicts Allows for focus on Lost time in specific projects, coordinating products, or customers Excess overhead for managing matrix functions What does cross-cultural literacy mean? - Individuals and firms must develop cross-cultural literacy - International businesses that are ill informed about the practices of another culture are unlikely to succeed in that culture - Individuals must also beware of ethnocentric behavior (a belief in the superiority of one's own culture) When business people talk about the growing middle class of emerging markets, is it an opportunity or threat in International Business? Explain - Why is a Free Market Economy important if a foreign business wants to enter that market? - Supply and demand is the economic model of how prices are determined in a market Demand for goods refers to pressure in the market from people trying to buy it That means that the lack of barriers with little or no entry costs helps competition thrive in a free market economy TRUE or FALSE Exporting is often the first international business activity a firm does? (True) Acquisition is the cheapest way of an international business expansion? (False) If a firm is slow to enter a country, it means that no competitors have already entered that foreign market? (False) If a firm is fast to enter a foreign market, it means that it's the first company to enter that market? (True) 10 According to sociologists, there is a strong presence of Confucianism in China the philosophy that was taught by Confucius over 2,000 years ago However, it still has an impact of today's Chinese society, which makes it more of a "RelationshipOriented culture" than a "Deal-Oriented culture" (True) 11 A global standardization strategy relies on the production and the sales of a product with the same attributes worlwide A localization strategy relies on the production and the sales of a product for which the attributes are adapted to the local market (True) 12 International Business only refers to private commercial transactions between more than two countries (False) 13 A standardized advertizing strategy means using the same messages, ideas and aesthetics in all advertisement campaigns across the globe (True) MULTIPLE CHOICE 14 Tick all that is true A Culture means habits and values people have B Culture includes the food people eat, the clothes they wear, the religion they may practice, the language they speak and maybe also their sense of humour C Culture may not be the most important factor of an International Business decision, it's a key element of International Business management D All of the above 15 What is the main disadvantage of wholly owned subsidiaries? A they make it difficult to realize location and experience curve economies B the firm bears the full cost and risk of setting up overseas operations C they may inhibit the firm's ability to take profits out of one country to support competitive attacks in another D high transport costs and tariffs can make it uneconomical 16 What is the FDI Confidence Index? Answer all that is TRUE A It's an annual survey B It tracks political, economic, and regulatory changes that can impact on foreign direct investment C CEOs, CFOs and other top executives of Global 1000 companies may refer to it for their international business decisions D It's the Family Dummy Index It tells you which families are the dummest 17 _ refers to the time and effort spent learning the rules of a new market (Pioneering costs) 18 All of the following are advantages of acquisitions except A they are quicker to execute B it is not easy to realize synergies by integrating the operations of the acquired entities C they enable firms to preempt their competitors D they may be less risky 19 For businesses, considering ethics is important because (ANSWER ALL THAT IS TRUE.) A it shows how good or bad a company is B it's part of the reputation a company has C it will help reduce the costs of production D justice may question companies if they don't follow ethics 20 A strategic alliance means A choosing an international business partner that shares the same business objectives B that will offer the possibility to set-up a win-win partnership C choosing a partner that will share its knowledge and skills D all of the above 21 You book a room on the website of a famous international hotel chain As you arrive to check in, its reassuring brand name is above the door Its logo is everywhere: on the staff uniforms, the stationery, the carpets But the hotel is owned by someone else—often an individual or an investment fund But what is the nature of the business that the owner of the hotel has? A A licence B A fully-owned subsidiary C A franchise D A joint-venture *** - Six different ways to enter a foreign market: exporting, turkey projects, licensing, franchising, establish joint vantures with a host country firm, setting up a new wholly owned subsidiary in the host country Entry Modes Exporting Jointventures Acquisition Definition Disavantages - High transport costs Selling goods -Ability to realize location and - Trade barriers to another experience curve economies - Problems with local marketing countries agents Sharing business Buying = Turnkey business contracts Subsidiary Advantages - Lack of control over technology - Access to local partner’s knowledge - Inability to engage in global a - Sharing development costs and risks - Polotically acceptable a strategic coordination - Inability to realize location and experience economies - Ability to earn returns from process - Creating efficient competitors technology skills in countries where - Lack of long-term market FDI is restricted presence - Protection of technology - Ability to engage in global strategic = Wholly Not sharing a coordination - High costs and risks business owned - Ability to realize location and subsidiaries experience economies - Very similar to those of licensing - Typically asumes those costs and Franchisin g Allowing - Lack of control over quality another risks - Inability to engage in global partner to use - A service firm can build a global strategic coordination brand name presence quickly and at a relatively low cost and risk - Lack Licensing Allowing other people - Low development costs and risks to use your invention of control over technology - Inability to realize location and experience curve economies - Inability to engage in global strategic coordination ENTRY MODES - Market Segmentation refers to identifying distinct groups of consumers whose purchasing behavior differs from others in important ways Markets can be segmented in numerous ways: by geography, demography (sex, age, income, education level,…), sociocultural factors (social class, values, religion, lifestyle choices), and psychological factors (personality) A joint venture entails establishing a firm that is jointly owned bt two or more otherwise independent firms In a wholly owned subsidiary, the firm owns 100% of the stock Franchising is similar to licensing, although franchising tends to involve longer-term commitments than licensing