Practical LEGO technics

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Practical LEGO technics

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Practical LEGO Technics Bring Your LEGO Creations to Life With Practical LEGO Technics, you’ll discover how to the following: • Put a motor on any LEGO vehicle to bring it to life, including airplane wings and landing gear • Install a suspension system, steering mechanism, and working lights on your Technic vehicles • Create walking vehicles with as many legs as you want • Build LEGO robots with moving parts, including head and arms • Design LEGO vehicles that look and work like real construction vehicles, including bulldozers, dump trucks, and cranes From vehicles that can fly, roll, and run to robots that can walk, turn their heads, and move their hands, this book guarantees that you will have the coolest toys on the block Turn to Practical LEGO Technics and build with real power! Shelve in Computer Hardware/General Practical LEGO Technics Bring Your LEGO Creations to Life Rollins US $29.99 Also available: Practical LEGO Technics B uilding the coolest toys is a snap with Practical LEGO Technics! This book shows you how to use LEGO and Power Functions components like motors and remote controls to create motorized propellers, train engines, vehicle steering, outriggers, wings, landing gear, and robot legs to create a wide variety of fun, unique LEGO creations Best of all, you don’t need to learn any programming You just need the expert building principles that you’ll find inside Practical LEGO Technics Author Mark Rollins teaches you the hows and whys of Technic project design You’re not just snapping pieces here and there; you’re actively learning the fundamentals of good design so that you can go on to create something very new, something that no one has ever before built Technology in Action™ User level: Beginning-Intermediate www.apress.com Mark Rollins www.it-ebooks.info For your convenience Apress has placed some of the front matter material after the index Please use the Bookmarks and Contents at a Glance links to access them www.it-ebooks.info Contents at a Glance ■ About the Author ix ■ About the Technical Reviewer .x ■ Acknowledgments .xi ■ Introduction xii ■ Chapter 1: Getting Started with LEGO Technic ■ Chapter 2: Creating a Motorized LEGO Technic Vehicle 21 ■ Chapter 3: Steering and Controlling Your LEGO Technic Creation 49 ■ Chapter 4: Light It Up with LEGO Lights! 71 ■ Chapter 5: Creating an All-Terrain LEGO Technic Vehicle 81 ■ Chapter 6: Technic Construction Vehicles and Equipment .117 ■ Chapter 7: LEGO Technic Aviation: Airplanes and Helicopters .159 ■ Appendix A: Parts List 205 ■ Index 247 iv www.it-ebooks.info Acknowledgments I remember when I first discovered LEGO again It was in the summer of 1984, I was fresh out of sixth grade, and I was visiting my friend’s house My friend showed me this Lego spaceship he had made that was 4.5 feet long, resting on a pool table I thought it was one of the coolest things that I had ever seen; it was quite detailed At that time, it had been a year or so since I had played with my LEGO bricks I had a handful of sets that were just kept in a boxes and I thought that I had outgrown them After visiting my friend’s place, I started building again I kept building with LEGO, and I am now 40 years old Now I have accrued many sets and have filled two large boxes with pieces I have kids of my own, but if I wasn’t so busy writing and being a father, I would create worlds for LEGO minifigs and build just about every machine that I could with these bricks This book is for any LEGO builder that dares to dream and then build what they can imagine I would also like to dedicate this book to my wife, who showed me how to a “photobox” that helped me to photograph my LEGO creations Also helpful were Katie Sullivan and James Markham, the editorial team from Apress who made this project much easier —Mark Rollins xi www.it-ebooks.info Introduction During the 1980s, the LEGO company used the phrase “Toys to Grow Up With” as their slogan While many play with these “toys” at a young age, most stop playing with LEGO as they reach adolescence I stopped playing when I was 12, simply because I thought this is what a person of my age was “supposed” to Even though I had “quit” LEGO building, I never got rid of my old LEGO sets Eventually, I remembered the joy that building with LEGO had brought me and went back to building Like it or not, LEGO is one of the easiest ways that a child or adult can create A LEGO user is not required to draw or sculpt in order to make masterpieces, and the only tools required are their bare hands with very standardized pieces The LEGO medium snaps together quite easily and can come apart just as easily Originally, LEGO pieces were square and rectangular, but the company has made their bricks much more advanced, and an experienced LEGO builder can create something as curvaceous as the F-14 jet in Figure A-1 Figure A-1 According to the Raw art Weblog site (www.rawartint.com), this F-14 jet helped LEGO designer Jeroen Ottens land a job as a LEGO Technic designer I too would have welcomed him aboard This book is for everyone like me who will never stop playing with LEGO, even though some might think that we are not “acting our age.” My response to that crowd is, “it isn’t playing, it is building” and “if it is child’s play, then let’s see you build that F-14.” Man, would I love to give these naysayers the correct amount of bricks and watch them attempt to create some of the LEGO wonders that can be seen at various xii www.it-ebooks.info ■ INTRODUCTION LEGO theme parks in Florida and California I’ll bet many of them couldn’t build a complex structure like the Sydney Opera House, even with a proper set of instructions The LEGO Technic or “Expert Builder” Collection In Christmas of 1982, I received my first LEGO Technic set, 948 (the Go-Kart) I was about 10 at the time, and the suggested age for these LEGO sets was and up Before that, I was playing with a few modeling kits, including some of the first Space LEGO sets I considered this Expert Builder set to be a challenge, and it was The Technic kits were a quantum leap from what I had been playing with before Even though they used a lot of the usual bricks that I was used to, many of the bricks had holes in the sides Other pieces, such as the axles, connector pins, and gears, looked strange to me Considering that the basic LEGO construction is from the bottom up, the LEGO Technic allows the user to build out from the sides, which allows for a lot of “out-of-the-box” thinking LEGO Technic is able to be an educational toy while still remaining fun at the same time And when I say “fun,” I am not talking about mindless amusement like watching bad television, but the type of fun that involves the brain, like Sudoku or crossword puzzles LEGO actually makes children think more, and the Technic sets teach a lot about basic machinery Children are often quite curious about how things like automobiles and other technological wonders work, but as adults, we don’t care about how machines work but rather that our machines work With LEGO Technic, my technological curiosity was well-sated With LEGO Technic, I learned that steering is not just turning the wheel and the tires just move I saw that a steering mechanism was no longer magic, but the simple application of rack and pinion technology I even found that the steering wheel in my LEGO Go-Kart was not too different from what most cars actually use to steer Over the years, these expert sets became increasingly more complex LEGO Technic is not to be confused with the LEGO Mindstorms series, although there are a lot of similarities Apress has published many books about that particular series if you are interested in building more programmable LEGO Creations, such as: • Winning Design! LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Design Patterns for Fun and Competition by James Jeffrey Trobaugh (Apress, 2010) • LEGO Spybotics Secret Agent Training Manual by Ralph Hempel (Apress, 2002) • LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT: Mars Base Command by James Floyd Kelly (Apress, 2006) • LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT-G Programming Guide (First and Second Editions) by James Floyd Kelly (Apress, 2007 and 2011) • LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT 2.0 The King’s Treasure by James Floyd Kelly (Apress, 2009) • LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT The Mayan Adventure by James Floyd Kelly (Apress, 2006) • Extreme NXT: Extending the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT to the Next Level (First and Second Editions) by Michael Gasperi and Philippe E Hurbain (Apress, 2007 and 2009) • Extreme MINDSTORMS An Advanced Guide to LEGO MINDSTORMS by Michael Gasperi, Ralph Hempel, Luis Villa, and Dave Baum (Apress, 2000) • Creating Cool MINDSTORMS NXT Robots by Daniele Benedettelli (Apress, 2008) xiii www.it-ebooks.info ■ INTRODUCTION • Dave Baum’s Definitive Guide to LEGO MINDSTORMS, Second Edition by Dave Baum (Apress, 2002) • Competitive MINDSTORMS, A Complete Guide to Robotic Sumo Using LEGO MINDSTORMS by David J Perdue (Apress, 2004) How To Use This Book I have seen a lot of interesting books about LEGO, and many of these “idea books” show a model so you can imitate it yourself, piece by piece There is nothing wrong with copying, as learning by repetition and the imitation of what has come before is the only way we can advance to build more original and improved models After all, you cannot solve complex differential equations unless you have learned + However, true mathematics involves discovery of new problems, solutions, and equations—and textbook problems must be left behind for that to happen What I don’t want to is show how to create a Corvette, and then have you, the reader, just follow the numbered steps to create one of your own at home Instead, I want to show you how to make a successful LEGO frame for a vehicle, how to motorize and take remote control of it with Power Functions, and how add other features onto your LEGO creation to make it as lifelike as possible (in a scale model a fraction of its size) What you will see in this book are designs to help you create LEGO Technic masterpieces, and I will show you basic ways to basic functions on a LEGO Technic creation What you will see in this book are some models that were created with the help several programs, which include LEGO Digital Designer and LDraw This is not meant to be a book with just fully completed models I could have done so by creating a wordless book where all you is just work LEGO steps one through whatever To heck with that! The real challenge (and fun) of LEGO is to create something very new, something that no one has built before I guarantee that you will feel quite a surge as you apply some new method of LEGO technology to your own creation To me, nothing beats the rush of creating something new, and I hope to share that with you In other words, think of this book as an abridged LEGO cookbook I will show you how to make complex ingredients, and you will need to decide how best to combine these complex ingredients together to make some terrific LEGO Technic recipes How This Book Is Ordered I organized the chapters in a way that they build upon each other, and if you want to skip ahead to chapters because you feel that you have already mastered the ones that came before it, please don’t feel that I would be somehow offended I fully realize that most books don’t recommend skipping chapters, but this book permits you to whatever is valuable to you as far as LEGO Technic is concerned • Chapter 1: Getting Started with LEGO Technic This is essentially a chapter for those who have never seen LEGO Technic before I introduce readers to the Technic bricks and how they differ from traditional LEGO bricks I also showcase various software programs so that you can design LEGO models on your computer before building them with real LEGO bricks, and where to order Technic bricks in case you need a fresh supply • Chapter 2: Creating a Motorized LEGO Technic Vehicle In this chapter, I introduce how the LEGO Power Functions pieces can be used to create a basic model of a wheeled vehicle I show how to create a frame for a LEGO automobile and how Power Functions can make it go xiv www.it-ebooks.info ■ INTRODUCTION • Chapter 3: Steering and Controlling Your LEGO Technic Creation This chapter is about creating a steering mechanism on your Technic vehicle, so you can not only make it go but give it direction as well • Chapter 4: Light it up with LEGO lights! This chapter discusses how to use the light pieces to create the wonder of light on your LEGO vehicles and how to really make them illuminated • Chapter 5: Creating an All-Terrain LEGO Technic Vehicle For a lot of LEGO wheeled models, it is about taking a wheeled vehicle over all terrains For this, you will need steering pieces or even special spring loaded pieces that will be helpful for taking your LEGO creation over all kinds of LEGO bricks and more This chapter also shows how to create a LEGO Technic vehicle that has four-wheel drive • Chapter 6: Technic Construction Vehicles and Equipment In this chapter, I cover how to assemble features on a LEGO model that you would be used at a construction site I’m talking about swivels, bulldozer scoops, cranes, and dump truck mechanisms • Chapter 7: LEGO Technic Aviation: Airplanes and Helicopters This chapter is about creating airplanes with working propellers, building wings with flaps that can be adjusted by controls on the plane itself, and constructing stable landing gear and one that can retract Sadly, I can’t figure out how to make the planes fly, but perhaps in the future all LEGO models will xv www.it-ebooks.info Chapter ■■■ Getting Started with LEGO Technic LEGO is no longer just for children, and the Technic series encourages both children and adults to build complex vehicles and machines from these simple bricks The purpose of this book is to show you how to create interesting LEGO Technic creations, but I fully encourage your own creativity and improvisation I figure that there are two types of people reading this book There are those folks who have been playing with LEGO for as long as they can remember (perhaps in their Duplo or Quattro days) and are quite familiar with traditional LEGO pieces The second type is just starting with LEGO Technic Ideally, I hope that you are an adult trying to teach a child or teenager how machines work via the power of LEGO If you are of the second type, you are probably wondering where to begin You also probably can’t wait to get started building some of the models you saw when you flipped through the printed book or previewed the e-book It’s fully possible to construct these models in a digital program, and there are a few programs devoted to LEGO building that I will detail later However, if you are like me, then you want to build these LEGO models in real life—and even play with them Yeah, you know what I’m talking about My first bit of advice is to make certain that you have all the pieces that you need before you begin building This is why all the steps of my LEGO models include a list (with pictures) of the necessary parts There is even a list of all the parts for each model in the Appendix LEGO Technic bricks differ from that of traditional sets, and if you are looking for certain pieces, I recommend LEGO Pick a Brick or other online LEGO catalogs like BrickLink.com for getting the components you need I will discuss those online catalogs later, but right now I want to discuss the different types of LEGO Technic pieces including bricks, beams, levers, gears, racks, axles, bushes, connector pegs, cross blocks, angle elements, steering parts, and more A Guide to Technic LEGO Pieces Let’s start with a basic introduction to Technic LEGO pieces Technic Bricks Technic Bricks are just like traditional LEGO bricks but with holes on the sides for axles and connector pegs (see Figure 1-1) Bricks, like most LEGO pieces, are measured by the amount of studs (the round bumpy parts atop a normal LEGO brick) on them, and this measurement is often abbreviated to M Generally, the number of side holes is always one less than the studs, but there are some, like the x x and x x 1, with the same amount of side holes as studs There are some interesting methods to these pieces; for instance, the x x has an axle or a cross-shaped hole Note the variations with the Technic www.it-ebooks.info Chapter ■ Getting Started with LEGO Technic fork and wing sections There are even more interesting forms with the Angular Brick x 5, x 4, x 6, and x pieces Figure 1-1 Some traditional LEGO Technic bricks These bricks are not included in the recent Technic sets since the switch to more “studless” forms, but they were the groundbreaking bricks of the first generation of Technic, the Expert Builders This book is full of LEGO Technic models, but very few will be using this type of LEGO Technic pieces The majority of models in this book will be made with studless beams Beams Circa 2000, Technic became less about actual bricks with studs and more about beams Many of the Technic sets not have any traditional studded bricks Some people have stated that the studless construction makes it harder to build a LEGO Technic model, and I will have to say that I agree with them The issue with the studless beams and other parts is that you must have a good idea of the shape of your finished product before you begin to build Fortunately, there is always room for improving your model, and in some cases studless bricks can be replaced more easily than traditional top-down traditional LEGO bricks Each beam is about as thick as a x brick, and they are measured just like their studded counterparts: based on the number of studs they take up The difference between studded bricks and studless beams is that the measurement of a beam is always equal to the number of holes on it The straight beams in Figure 1-2 are designated with a number; this is so you can quickly determine the beam that you need without doing too much hole counting While LEGO Technic studded bricks are usually even-numbered, LEGO beams are usually odd-numbered, with the exception of the 2M www.it-ebooks.info ■ INDEX x cross block, 141 x plate, 138 3M connector pegs, 135 4M axle, 139, 140 x angular beam, 134–137 6M bushes and axles, 141 7M beam, 134, 136 adding connector peg with15M beam, 134 bush caps, 139 double bevel gears (Z12), 138 M-Motor, 137, 138 rack portion 4M axle insertion, 131 x angular beam, 130, 133 6M axle, 130 7M beam attachment, 133 13M beam attachment, 132 13M rack, 131 connector peg/cross axle, 132 Fuselage See Airplanes H, I, J, K Helicopters cockpit x beam, 199 adding connector pins and 5M beam, 198 adding traditional LEGO pieces to battery pack, 201 connecting 15M beams to 5M beam, 200 connecting 9M beam to double cross blocks, 201 joining double angular beam to 7M beam, 200 landing skid, 201 main body 3M axle and angular gear addition, 194 4M axle addition, 194 x beams addition, 197 5M beam addition, 197 6M axle, 196 9M beam addition, 198 adding 4M axle with angular gear, 195 adding 15M beam with X beams, 195 adding 15M beam with 13M beam, 195 connecting battery pack with x beams, 193 connector pegs with knobs, 194 double cross blocks, 196 zero degree elements, 196 L, M LEGO lights blinker lights, 79 fiber optic kit, 72 headlights motorized vehicle, 75, 76 steering up piece, 76, 77 LED under car, 78 light control IR-RX and motor connection, 75 steering mechanism, 75 XL-motor, 75 mega remote battery pack, 80 features, 79 Sheepo creation, 79, 80 power functions control switch, 74 power functions light kit, 71, 72 hook up, 73 overload protection, 72 remote control, 73 taillights Bionicle Eye, 77 red effect, 78 LEGO power functions (LPF), 49 IR-RX remote control IR receiver, 50 IR-TX remote control, 50 speed remote control, 51 remote control (see Remote control power functions) LEGO Smart Car, 27 LEGO technic “Add To Bag” button, 11 angle elements, axles, baseplate, 11 beams, BrickLink, 12 bricks, brick search window, 11 bushes, category, 11, 12 color family, 12 connector pegs, cross blocks, design ID, 12 digital designer, 16 digital LEGO program advantages, 15 249 www.it-ebooks.info ■ INDEX LEGO technic, digital LEGO program (cont.) disadvantages, 15 element ID, 12 exact color, 12 extensions and catches, 10 gears, LeoCAD, 18 levers, MLCad, 17 official site, 11 panels, Peeron and Brickfactory, 13 price, 12 racks, seven-digit number, 11 steering pieces, sub-categories, 13 “Update Bag” button, 11 LEGO Technic aviation See Airplanes; Helicopters x LEGO Technic vehicle 2M axles and 2M friction, 109 3M axles joining 180 degree angle element, 103, 104 3M beam joining with H-frame, 99 3M levers placement, 110 4M axle joining H-frame with bush, 102 5M axles, 3M beam and half bush joining M-Motor, 106 x 11 H-frame and two connector pegs, 99 6M axle joining with XL-motor, 113 7M axle joining with Z12 conical gear wheel, 101 7M beams securing steering section, 111 12M axle going in H-frame, 100 15M beam joining with cross axle, 100 adding 3M cross block and connector pegs, 105 adding connector peg/cross axle and 3M cross block pieces to XL-motor, 112 adding some essential parts to axle, 114 adding wheels, 113 adding XL-motor with 2M axle, 111 adding zero degree elements, connector pegs and 11M beam, 102 attaching H-frame to structure, 99 creating another identical construction, 110 double cross block joining with 7M beam, 101 joining 7M rack with 7M beam, 109 joining of zero angle element, 111 placement of levers, 108 placing double cross block with 5M axle, 107 placing Z12 gear wheel, 107 plugging in of steering engine (M-Motor), 105 reviewing construction, 115 using 4M axle and half bushes, 112 LEGO Technic vehicle See also x LEGO Technic vehicle; Shock absorbers, LEGO Technic vehicle action functions, 23 architecture, 24 building, 24 connection options, 26 connector-pin-and-axle connection, 26 M-Motor, 24 non-motorized LEGO vehicle (see Nonmotorized LEGO vehicle) power functions, 22 precepts of, 21 smart car, 26 feature rich, 29 wireframe model, 27, 28 XL-Motor, 24 N, O Non-motorized LEGO vehicle 15M beam connection, 33 battery box addition, 40 chassis base x technic angle beam, 30, 33, 34 x beam frame addition, 31, 32 x 11 beam H frame, 35 6M axles, 35 15M beam connection, 33 connector peg and double angular beam linking, 31 connector peg insertion, 32, 33 double angular beam, 32, 34 studless pieces, 30 LEGOAxle assembling, 36 motorized axle, 41 2M axle, 46 2M axle and double conical wheelZ20, 44 3M axle and x beam addition, 46 axle sliding, 45 4M axle connection, 43 x beam addition, 42, 44, 47 x beam attachment, 46 7M axle, 45 13M beam, 44 back axle connection, 47, 48 beam sliding, 43 cross axles cap addition, 45 250 www.it-ebooks.info ■ INDEX double conical wheel placement, 42 half bush, gear axle and connector peg, 43 two connector pegs, 42 wheel connection, 47 P, Q Peeron and Brickfactory, 13 Plate x 2, 214, 222, 227 x 2, 242 x 4, 229 x 6, 229 x 2, 214, 222 x corner, 227 x with hole, 209, 214, 217, 224, 230 x 4, 209, 217 x 6, 215, 224 x 12, 211 x 16, 224 x 6, 227 R Rack and pinion steering system See Steering system Remote control power functions, 52 IR controllers, 53, 54 IR-RX receiver action elements, 52 channels, 52 power sockets, 52 red and blue controls, 52 XL and M-motor, 53 S Scoop x plate, 128 x plate, 128 3M connector peg, 125 x Technic beam, 127, 128 5M axle, 124 5M axle via half bush, 128 x angular beam, 127 7M beam attachment, 126 11M beam attachment, 126 adding x plates to M-Motors, 129 adding 3M axle to 5M beam, 124 adding x beam to 7M beam, 126 attaching swivel to, 129 connector peg addition, 126 joining 2M levers and 5M axle to 5M beam, 125 M-Motors to axles, 128 sandbox scoop on playground, 124 Shock absorber 6.5L cylinder, 216 Shock absorbers, LEGO Technic vehicle with bouncing back 4M axles locking 180 degree element, 85 adding 13M beam to x angular beam, 83 adding two rims and tires, 89 adding Z20 double bevel gear, 3M axle, and bush with Z12 double bevel gears, 85 inserting 180 degree element on connector pegs, 84 inserting half-bush, 12 tooth bevel gear, 84 joining x angular beams, 88 joining 5M and 3M axles with cross-axle extension, 85 joining 13M beam with Technic cross block, 86 joining connector peg/cross axles with x angular beam, 83 joining of 3M axle and 12 tooth bevel gear meshes, 85 joining of Technic cross beams, 89 joining with 3M connector Peg and Technic cross blocks, 87 placing 7M beam in x angular beam, 84 turning XL-motor, 83 XL-motor connector peg, 82 checking tires, 98 flexible steering mechanism 2M axle connections, 90 adding 2M lever, 92 adding x plate on x plate, 97 adding 4M axle with half-bush, 95 adding another x angular beam, 95 attaching Technic bearing plates to x plate, 95 connecting 4M lever with notch, 93 connecting battery box and IR-RX, 98 connection of steering knuckle arms to steering arm, 90 inserting 2M axle, 91 joining 5M axle with new double cross block, 92 joining of 4M beam with half-bush with Technic bearing plate, 96 251 www.it-ebooks.info ■ INDEX Shock absorbers, LEGO technic vehicle, flexible steering mechanism (cont.) joining of 6M track rod, 91 joining of connector peg/cross axles with 3M levers, 93 joining of separate creation, 94 motor attaching with steering section, 97 placing connector peg/cross axle in cross and hole 2M beam, 91 rack with ball connections, 90 sample, 82 Steering system double motor approach, 64 1M axle placement, 66 x 12 flat plate, 65 3M lever and x beam attachment, 66 x angle beam, 64, 65 battery and IR-RX connection, 68 connector pegs, 64 front axle, 68 M-motor insertion, 65 second M-motor, 67 LEGO power functions (see LEGO power functions (LPF)) rack and pinion steering x technic bearing plate placement, 55 x angle beam, 57 3M axles and connector peg addition, 59 3M beam joining, 61 3M peg joins, 58 x angular beam, 59 5M axles, 58 7M beam and connector peg/axles, 56 axles placement, 55 components, 54 connector pin/axles placement, 60 design, 55 double cross block, 5M axles, 60 IR-RX receiver, 63 M-Motor placement, 56 motorized back axle, 62 plate joining, 56 studded bricks and LEGO technic pieces, 54, 55 symmetrical construction, 59 two connector pegs/axles placement, 58 two double cross blocks, 57 type selection, 55 wheel linking, 62 test drive, 69 T, U, V Technic 2M lever, 216, 222, 224 Technic 3M lever, 211, 212, 216, 220, 224, 230, 239, 240, 242 Technic x lever bent 90, 222 Technic 4M lever with notch, 209, 217, 239 Technic 90 degree angle element #6, 239 Technic 112 degree angle #5, 241 Technic 112.5 degree angle element #5, 242 Technic 180 degree angle element #2, 212, 217, 230, 232, 234, 237, 241, 242 Technic angular beam x liftarm bent 53.13, 223 x bent 90, 221, 224 x liftarm bent 90, 206, 207, 209, 212, 214, 217, 223, 227, 230, 232, 234, 237, 240, 243 x bent 90, 205, 208, 211, 219, 225, 228, 231, 233, 235, 244 x liftarm bent 90, 206, 213, 223 Technic angular wheel, 221, 234, 237, 241, 243 Technic axle 2M notched, 207, 209, 214, 217, 227, 234, 237, 241, 243 3M, 208, 213, 216, 219, 222, 224, 226, 229, 231, 238, 240, 245 3M with knob, 222 4M, 208, 210, 213, 215, 219, 223, 226, 229, 231, 233, 235, 238, 244 4M with stop, 215, 222, 245 5, 217 5M, 206, 209, 211, 212, 214, 221, 223, 234, 240, 243 6M, 205, 210, 219, 226, 231, 235, 238, 240, 241, 244 7M, 207, 208, 212, 213, 219, 226, 231, 234, 236, 242 8M, 229, 231, 238, 244 9M, 226, 229, 232, 236, 239 10M, 235, 238 12M, 208, 219, 241 Technic beam 3M, 205, 210, 211, 215, 218, 225, 228, 231, 233, 235, 241 3M x (pin/pin/pin) with snaps, 239 5M, 205, 218, 223, 225, 228, 231, 233, 237, 240, 243 7, 215 7M, 210, 218, 223, 225, 228, 233, 235, 240, 244 9M, 233, 235, 245 252 www.it-ebooks.info ■ INDEX 11, 221 11M, 219, 223, 233, 235, 244 13, 226 13M, 208, 213, 229, 234, 235, 238, 240, 245 15M, 205, 215, 218, 225, 233, 234, 237, 243 Technic beam frame x with open center x 3, 206 x 11 with open center x 3, 206, 220 Technic brick x with holes, 242 Technic brick x with holes, 244 Technic bush, 207, 208, 210, 213, 215, 219, 221, 223, 226, 229, 231, 233, 235, 238, 240, 241, 244 Technic catch, 240, 242 Technic catch with cross hole, 237 Technic conical wheel 12 tooth bevel, 214 Technic connector peg 3M with friction and slot, 206–208, 211, 214, 216, 220, 224, 227, 230, 232, 234, 236, 239, 245 3M without friction, 223 cross axle, 206, 207, 210, 213, 215, 219, 221, 226, 229, 233, 235, 238, 240, 241, 244 cross axle with friction, 231 friction and slots, 205–207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 217, 221, 222, 224, 227, 230, 232, 234, 237, 239, 241, 242 knob, 245 without friction, 215, 219, 223 Technic construction vehicles and equipment cranes (see Cranes) forklift (see Forklift) scoop (see Scoop) track hoe swivel (see Track hoe swivel) Technic cross and hole beam 2M, 216, 220, 222, 229, 232, 236, 239, 240 Technic cross axle extension, 220, 236 Technic cross axle extension inline smooth, 207, 208, 220, 245 Technic cross axle extension offset, 208, 211, 214, 222, 227, 232, 239, 240, 242, 245 Technic cross block x (axle/pin) 90 degrees, 214 x (axle/twin pin), 218 3M x (axle/pin/pin), 210, 213, 219, 236, 238, 245 x 2, 245 90 degrees x (axle/pin), 226, 230, 232 Technic double angle beam x 3.8 x lift arm, 205 x 3.8 x liftarm bent 45, 232 Technic double angular beam x 3.8 x liftarm bent 45 double, 242 Technic double bush 3M, 239 Technic double cross block, x (axle/pin/axle), 209, 215, 217, 221, 223, 228, 237, 241, 243 Technic friction snap, 227, 234 with cross axle, 217 without friction, 227 with stop bush, 232, 243 Technic friction stop with bush without friction, 224 Technic gear tooth, 215, 221 24 tooth, 221, 231 rack x with peg holes and axle holes, 211, 220 rack x 13 with peg holes and axle holes, 226, 230 rack with balls, 216 Z12 tooth double bevel, 207, 210, 213, 218, 225, 228, 241 Z20 tooth double bevel, 207, 213, 218, 225, 228 Technic half bush, 205–207, 209, 212, 214, 217, 221, 223, 227, 230, 240, 241 Technic shock absorber 6.5L cylinder, 213 Technic steering arm 3H with towball sockets, 216 Technic steering knuckle arm with ball, 216 Technic track rod 6M, 214 Technic tube 2M, 220, 224, 227, 230, 236, 239, 242, 245 round, 208 Technic turntable type (complete) black/dark stone, 222 Technic universal joint, 220 Technic Universal Joint 3L End, 214 Technic worm gear, 231 Technic zero angle element#1, 241 Technic zero degree angle element #1, 209, 212, 217, 224, 237, 242 Technic zero degree angle element #2, 221 Technic zero degree element #1, 227 Tire 7.2/45 x 8.8, 239 62.4 x 20 S, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212 68.7 x 34 R, 220 Track hoe swivel 2M levers insertion, 121 3M axle with stud, 119 4M axle with stop, 119, 123 x angular beam and 3M axles with stud, 118 x angular beam insertion, 121 5M axle, 120 253 www.it-ebooks.info ■ INDEX Track hoe swivel (cont.) 11M beam, 122 adding x angular beam to connector peg/ cross axle, 119 adding XL-Motor on connector peg/cross axles, 120 advantages of, 118 connector peg, 122 double cross block and turntable, 122 half-bush insertion, 122 LEGO turntable pieces, 118, 120 W, X, Y, Z Wheel hub x 17.5 with axle hole, 228, 238 Wheel rim, 18 x 37 with peg holes and long axle bush, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212 Worm gear, cranes See Cranes 254 www.it-ebooks.info Practical LEGO Technics Bring Your LEGO Creations to Life nnn Mark Rollins www.it-ebooks.info Practical LEGO Technics: Bring Your LEGO Creations to Life Copyright © 2013 by Mark Rollins This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-4611-4 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-4612-1 Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark LEGO is the registered trademark of the LEGO Group The part images in this book are provided PeerOn.com, copyrighted by Dan Boger and Jennifer Finch The parts lists and numbered steps in all projects are generated by the LDraw™ open standard and licensed by the Estate of James Jessiman The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein President and Publisher: Paul Manning Lead Editor: Michelle Lowman Developmental Editors: James Markham Technical Reviewer: Jon Lazar Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Louise Corrigan, Morgan Ertel, Jonathan Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, Robert Hutchinson, Michelle Lowman, James Markham, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Olson, Jeffrey Pepper, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Gwenan Spearing, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Coordinating Editor: Katie Sullivan Copy Editor: Mary Behr Compositor: Bytheway Publishing Services Indexer: SPi Global Artist: SPi Global Cover Designer: Anna Ishchenko Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013 Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit www springeronline.com For information on translations, please e-mail rights@apress.com, or visit www.apress.com Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales–eBook Licensing web page at www.apress.com/bulk-sales Any source code or other supplementary materials referenced by the author in this text is available to readers at www apress.com For detailed information about how to locate your book’s source code, go to www.apress.com/source-code www.it-ebooks.info Dedicated to all LEGO builders of all ages —Mark Rollins www.it-ebooks.info Contents n About the Author ix n About the Technical Reviewer x n Acknowledgments xi n Introduction xii The LEGO Technic or “Expert Builder” Collection xiii How To Use This Book xiv How This Book Is Ordered xiv n Chapter 1: Getting Started with LEGO Technic .1 A Guide to Technic LEGO Pieces Technic Bricks Beams Levers .3 Gears Racks Axles .5 Bushes Connector Pegs Cross Blocks Angle Elements .8 Steering Pieces .9 Panels .9 Extensions, Catches, and Other Miscellaneous Technic Pieces 10 Obtaining LEGO Pieces for Your Models .11 LEGO Pick a Brick 11 BrickLink .12 v www.it-ebooks.info ■ contents Web Sites for LEGO Instructions: Peeron and Brickfactory���������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Using Computer Graphics to Create LEGO Technic Models 15 Advantages of Building a Model in a Digital LEGO Program�������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Disadvantages of Building a Model in a Digital LEGO Program��������������������������������������������������������������������15 LEGO Digital Designer�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 MLCad�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 LeoCAD���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������18 Summary .19 ■ Chapter 2: Creating a Motorized LEGO Technic Vehicle 21 Get to Know Your Power Functions .21 Power�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Action�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 LEGO Architecture 24 If You Build it, Build it Strong������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 Ease Your Pain����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26 Go The Distance �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������29 Constructing a Non-Motorized LEGO Vehicle .30 Project 2-1: Constructing the LEGO Chassis Base����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 Project 2-2: Assembling theLEGOAxle (Non-motorized)�������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 Motorize Your LEGO Vehicle 40 Adding the Battery Box���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������40 Project 2-3: Adding a Motorized Axle������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 Summary .48 ■ Chapter 3: Steering and Controlling Your LEGO Technic Creation 49 Know Your Control LEGO Power Functions 49 The IR-RX Remote Control IR Receiver���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50 The LEGO Power Functions IR Remotes�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50 Using the Remote Control Power Functions 52 Reviewing the Receiver �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52 Reviewing the IR Controllers������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������53 Steering Systems for Technic Vehicles 54 Project 3-1: Rack and Pinion Steering����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������54 Project 3-2: Double Motor Steering��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������64 Taking Your Remotely Controlled Creation for a Test Drive 69 Summary .69 vi www.it-ebooks.info ■ contents ■ Chapter 4: Light It Up with LEGO Lights! 71 The Power Functions Light Kit .71 Overload Protection��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������72 Hooking Up Your Power Functions Lights�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������73 The Power Functions Control Switch������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������74 Controlling Your Lights via Motor������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������75 Headlights 75 LEGO Taillights .77 Other Ways of Connecting Lights 78 LEDs Under the Car ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������78 Blinker Lights������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������79 The Mega Remote .79 Summary .80 ■ Chapter 5: Creating an All-Terrain LEGO Technic Vehicle 81 Creating a LEGO Vehicle with Shock Absorbers 81 Project 5-1: Creating a Shock Absorbent Back for Your Vehicle�������������������������������������������������������������������82 Project 5-2: Building a Flexible Steering Mechanism�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������89 Check Your Tires 98 Making a LEGO Technic 4x4 Vehicle 98 Project 5-3: Assembling the H-Frame and Accessories��������������������������������������������������������������������������������99 Reviewing the X Construction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������115 Summary 116 ■ Chapter 6: Technic Construction Vehicles and Equipment .117 LEGO Technic Excavation 117 Project 6-1: Creating a Track Hoe Swivel���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������117 Project 6-2: Creating a Scoop for a Bulldozer���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������123 Project 6-3: Building a Rack and Pinion Forklift�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������130 Creating the Rack Portion of the Forklift����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������130 Creating the Pinion Portion of the Forklift��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������133 Project 6-4: Building a Crane����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������142 Project 6-5: Raising the Crane with a Worm Gear �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������151 Summary 158 ■ Chapter 7: LEGO Technic Aviation: Airplanes and Helicopters .159 Choosing an Airplane to Model 159 Project 7-1: Creating a Single Propeller Engine�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������160 vii www.it-ebooks.info ■ contents Project 7-2: Creating a Multiple-Propeller Plane����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������173 Adding Power Functions and Other Features 182 Project 7-3: Adding Retractable Landing Gear to Your Airplane������������������������������������������������������������������182 Project 7-4: Adding Elevators to Your Airplane�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������189 Project 7-5: Adding a Tail Fin to Your Airplane��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������191 Project 7-6: Building a Helicopter���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������193 Creating the Main Body of the Helicopter���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������193 Creating the Cockpit of the Helicopter �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������198 Summary 203 Final Words about LEGO Technic .203 ■ Appendix A: Parts List 205 ■ Index 247 viii www.it-ebooks.info About the Author  Mark Rollins was born in Seattle in 1971, and attended Washington State University in Pullman, Washington After four years, he graduated in 1994 with a degree in English After college, he began to write skits for college-age groups After four years working for Wal-Mart and another five years working for Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL), Mark decided to pursue a full-time career in writing, beginning in 2005 Since then, he has written for many tech and gadget blogs including www screenhead.com, www.image-acquire.com, www.cybertheater.com, www mobilewhack.com, carbuyersnotebook.com, www.gearlive.com, www.zmogo.com, gadgetell.com, www.gadgets-weblog.com, www.androidedge.com, and www.coolestgadgets.com He has also written for video game blogs such as www.gamertell.com and www.digitalbattle.com In 2009, Mark decided to create his own tech and gadget blog known as www.TheGeekChurch.com The purpose of the blog was to report on the latest in technology, as well as to inform the church-going crowd (who are often not very technically adept) on the benefits of using more technology in the ministry Since 2012, Mark has completed devoted his time to this blog and considers it his ministry and mission Mark currently resides in Pullman, Washington with his wife and three children ix www.it-ebooks.info About the Technical Reviewer  Jon Lazar is a freelance developer and social media consultant with 10+ years of experience in the technology field He started his career at AT&T and has since helped a number of startups in the NYC area in building their digital presences and digital infrastructures In his free time, he is an accomplished builder of LEGO sculptures. He regularly writes about LEGO, social media, technology, and other related topics on www.justjon.net x www.it-ebooks.info ... with LEGO Technic ■ Chapter 2: Creating a Motorized LEGO Technic Vehicle 21 ■ Chapter 3: Steering and Controlling Your LEGO Technic Creation 49 ■ Chapter 4: Light It Up with LEGO. .. I had “quit” LEGO building, I never got rid of my old LEGO sets Eventually, I remembered the joy that building with LEGO had brought me and went back to building Like it or not, LEGO is one of... every LEGO piece has an official name and number as designated by the company You can go on the LEGO site and purchase individual LEGO bricks just like you can purchase sets The official LEGO

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  • Cover

    • FM

      • Contents at a Glance

      • Contents

      • About the Author

      • About the Technical Reviewer

      • Acknowledgments

      • Introduction

        • The LEGO Technic or “Expert Builder” Collection

        • How To Use This Book

        • How This Book Is Ordered

        • Chapter 1: Getting Started with LEGO Technic

          • A Guide to Technic LEGO Pieces

            • Technic Bricks

            • Beams

            • Levers

            • Gears

            • Racks

            • Axles

            • Bushes

            • Connector Pegs

            • Cross Blocks

            • Angle Elements

            • Steering Pieces

            • Panels

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