Table of Contents Index Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQLđ and Apache All in One By Julie C Meloni Publisher : Sams Publishing Pub Date : December 18, 2003 ISBN : 0-672-32620-5 Pages : 624 In just a short time you can learn how to use PHP, MySQL, and Apache together to create dynamic, interactive Web sites and applications using the three leading opensource Web development technologies Using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, each lesson in this book builds on the previous ones, enabling you to learn the essentials of PHP scripting, MySQL databases, and the Apache Web server from the ground up • • Table of Contents Index Sams Teach Yourself PHP, MySQL® and Apache All in One By Julie C Meloni Publisher : Sams Publishing Pub Date : December 18, 2003 ISBN : 0-672-32620-5 Pages : 624 Copyright About the Authors Lead author Contributing authors Acknowledgments We Want to Hear from You! Reader Services Introduction Who Should Read This Book? How This Book Is Organized Conventions Used in This Book Part I Laying the Groundwork Chapter 1 Installing and Configuring MySQL Current and Future Versions of MySQL How to Get MySQL Installing MySQL on Windows Installing MySQL on Linux/Unix Troubleshooting Your Installation Basic Security Guidelines Introducing the MySQL Privilege System Summary Workshop Working with User Privileges Q&A Chapter 2 Installing and Configuring Apache Current and Future Versions of Apache Choosing an Installation Method Installing Apache on Windows Apache Log Files Starting Apache for the First Time Summary Workshop Installing Apache on Linux/Unix Apache Configuration File Structure Apache-Related Commands Troubleshooting Q&A Chapter 3 Installing and Configuring PHP Building PHP on Linux/Unix with Apache php.ini Basics Getting Installation Help Summary Workshop Current and Future Versions of PHP Installing PHP Files on Windows Testing Your Installation The Basics of PHP Scripts Q&A Part II PHP Language Structure Chapter 4 The Building Blocks of PHP Variables Data Types Constants Q&A Operators and Expressions Summary Workshop Chapter 5 Flow Control Functions in PHP Switching Flow Loops Summary Workshop Code Blocks and Browser Output Q&A Chapter 6 Working with Functions What Is a Function? Calling Functions Returning Values from User-Defined Functions Saving State Between Function Calls with the static Statement Testing for the Existence of a Function Q&A Defining a Function Variable Scope More About Arguments Summary Workshop Chapter 7 Working with Arrays and Objects What Is an Array? Creating Arrays Creating an Object Summary Workshop Some Array-Related Functions Object Inheritance Q&A Part III Getting Involved with the Code Chapter 8 Working with Strings, Dates, and Times Formatting Strings with PHP Investigating Strings in PHP Using Date and Time Functions in PHP Workshop Manipulating Strings with PHP Summary Chapter 9 Working with Forms Creating a Simple Input Form Accessing Form Input with User-Defined Arrays Using Hidden Fields to Save State Sending Mail on Form Submission Summary Combining HTML and PHP Code on a Single Page Redirecting the User Working with File Uploads Workshop Chapter 10 Working with User Sessions Session Function Overview Starting a Session Passing Session IDs in the Query String Summary Workshop Working with Session Variables Destroying Sessions and Unsetting Variables Q&A Chapter 11 Working with Files and Directories Including Files with include() Testing Files Opening a File for Writing, Reading, or Appending Writing or Appending to a File Summary Workshop Creating and Deleting Files Reading from Files Working with Directories Q&A Chapter 12 Working with the Server Environment Opening Pipes to and from Processes Using popen() Running Commands with exec() Summary Workshop Running Commands with system() or passthru() Q&A Chapter 13 Working with Images Understanding the Image-Creation Process Necessary Modifications to PHP Drawing a New Image Modifying Existing Images Q&A Getting Fancy with Pie Charts Summary Workshop Part IV PHP and MySQL Integration Chapter 14 Learning the Database Design Process The Importance of Good Database Design Types of Table Relationships Following the Design Process Q&A Understanding Normalization Summary Workshop Chapter 15 Learning Basic SQL Commands Learning the MySQL Data Types Learning the Table Creation Syntax Using the SELECT Command Selecting from Multiple Tables Using the REPLACE Command Frequently Used String Functions in MySQL Summary Workshop Using the INSERT Command Using WHERE in Your Queries Using the UPDATE Command to Modify Records Using the DELETE Command Using Date and Time Functions in MySQL Q&A Chapter 16 Interacting with MySQL Using PHP Connecting to MySQL with PHP Working with MySQL Data Summary Workshop Part V Basic Projects Chapter 17 Managing a Simple Mailing List Developing the Subscription Mechanism Developing the Mailing Mechanism Q&A Summary Workshop Chapter 18 Creating an Online Address Book Planning and Creating the Database Tables Creating a Menu Viewing Records Adding Subentries to a Record Workshop Creating the Record Addition Mechanism Creating the Record Deletion Mechanism Summary Chapter 19 Creating a Simple Discussion Forum Designing the Database Tables Creating the Input Forms and Scripts Displaying the Posts in a Topic Summary Displaying the Topic List Adding Posts to a Topic Chapter 20 Creating an Online Storefront Planning and Creating the Database Tables Displaying Categories of Items Summary Displaying Items Workshop Chapter 21 Creating a Shopping Cart Mechanism Planning and Creating the Database Tables Integrating the Cart with Your Storefront Summary Payment Methods and the Checkout Sequence Workshop Chapter 22 Creating a Simple Calendar Building a Simple Display Calendar Creating a Calendar Library Summary Workshop Q&A Chapter 23 Restricting Access to Your Applications Authentication Overview Apache Authentication Module Functionality Combining Apache Access Methods Introducing Cookies Restricting Access Based on Cookie Values Q&A Using Apache for Access Control Limiting Access Based on HTTP Methods Setting a Cookie with PHP Summary Workshop Chapter 24 Logging and Monitoring Web Server Activity Standard Apache Access Logging Standard Apache Error Logging Logging Custom Information to a Database Q&A Managing Apache Logs Summary Workshop Chapter 25 Application Localization About Internationalization and Localization About Character Sets Creating a Localized Page Structure Q&A Environment Modifications Summary Workshop Part VI Administration and Fine Tuning Chapter 26 Apache Performance Tuning and Virtual Hosting Scalability Issues Load Testing with ApacheBench Preventing Abuse Summary Proactive Performance Tuning Implementing Virtual Hosting Q&A Chapter 27 Setting Up a Secure Web Server The Need for Security Obtaining and Installing SSL Tools SSL Configuration Q&A The SSL Protocol Managing Certificates Summary Chapter 28 Optimizing and Tuning MySQL Building an Optimized Platform MySQL Startup Options Optimizing Your Queries Using the SHOW Command Q&A Optimizing Your Table Structure Using the FLUSH Command Summary Workshop Chapter 29 Software Upgrades Staying in the Loop Upgrading MySQL Upgrading PHP Workshop Upgrading Apache Summary Part VII Looking Toward the Future Chapter 30 Features and Backward Compatibility of PHP 5.0 [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] U format code (date() function) UCASE() function ucwords() function 2nd ulimit command operating systems scalability uncompressing source code (Apache installations) underline() function underscore (_) unitialized variables UNIX Apache installing (source) starting apachectl tool installing Apache 2nd Unix installing MySQL on 2nd 3rd 4th installing PHP on, with Apache 2nd 3rd 4th 5th integrating PHP with Apache on 2nd 3rd logresolve utility hostnames;resolving UNIX OpenSSL library installing Unix rotatelogs programs logs (rotating) syslog daemon errors;logging logging errors tail command-line utility error logs;monitoring Unix epoch UNIX TIMESTAMP() function unlink() function file deletion unsigned data types unsubscribe requests 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th unzipper UPDATE command 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th UPDATE statement 2nd upgrades Apache 2nd 3rd modifying without upgrading 2nd Apache News and Announcements list MySQL 2nd MySQL Announcements list PHP 2nd when to upgrade 2nd PHP Announcements list staying current 2nd when to upgrade 2nd 3rd 4th uptime status variable URLs directives appplying USAGE command user input calendar example 2nd 3rd 4th HTML forms accessing from multiple SELECT elements 2nd 3rd 4th 5th receiving 2nd 3rd 4th user login form 2nd 3rd 4th user management database file-based access control authentication 2nd functions authentication modules user mangement file-based authentication user table User-Agent header user-created functions user-defined functions values, returning 2nd usernames basic authentication storing user management;client authentication users adding 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th database file-based access control authentication 2nd deleting database file-based access control authentication lists Require directive management client authentication ownership verifying redirecting (forms) 2nd root non root users running MySQL as, stopping root users MySQL running as 2nd users file backend storage file-based authentication USR1 signals sending utilities gzip Apache source code;uncompressing htpasswd user password files;managing htpasswd.exe user password files;managing logresolve utility hostnames;resolving logresolve.exe utility hostnames;resolving make Apache;building rotatelogs utility logging program tail command-line error logs;monitoring (Unix) [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] value directives values directives functions returning 2nd port values (Listen directive) var keyword object properties VARCHAR data type VARCHAR field variables $count 2nd $dayArray $file array $file dir $file name $firstDayArray $name $newnum $start 2nd $tst availibility rules 2nd 3rd casting 2nd 3rd 4th 5th data types array boolean changing 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th double integer 2nd NULL object resource special string 2nd testing 2nd declaring defined environment variables access control rules conditional looping CustomLog directive functions accessing 2nd 3rd 4th scope 2nd global file upload globals 2nd 3rd integers incrementing/decrementing 2nd 3rd 4th names names of selection considerations 2nd session 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th multiple, registering 2nd superglobals 2nd 3rd uninitialized values remembering between calls 2nd 3rd 4th 5th values given to, overview when to use varialbes $name DISTINCT varibles functions accessing VeriSign CA (certifcation authority) VeriSign Web site version changes upgrades version type variable viewing directory contents 2nd 3rd spaces HTML documents virtual hosting DNS (domain name server) mass virtual hosting virtual servers specifying (