Link download :Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 9th Edition by Martini https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for-fundamentals-ofanatomy-physiology-9th-edition-by-martini Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The spinal cord is part of the A) peripheral nervous system B) somatic nervous system C) central nervous system D) autonomic nervous system E) afferent nervous system Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 2) The is a strand of fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support as a component of the coccygeal ligament A) conus medullaris B) filum terminale C) cauda equina D) dorsal root E) ventral root Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 3) Spinal nerves are A) purely sensory B) purely motor C) both sensory and motor D) interneuronal E) involuntary Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 4) The spinal cord consists of five regions and segments A) B) 12 C) 25 D) 31 E) The number varies widely among individuals Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 5) The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A) axons of motor neurons B) axons of sensory neurons C) cell bodies of motor neurons D) cell bodies of sensory neurons E) synapses Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 6) The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons B) axons of sensory neurons C) cell bodies of motor neurons D) cell bodies of sensory neurons E) interneurons Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 7) The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons B) axons of sensory neurons C) cell bodies of motor neurons D) cell bodies of sensory neurons E) interneurons Answer: A Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 8) The tough, fibrous, outermost covering of the spinal cord is the A) arachnoid B) pia mater C) dura mater D) epidural block E) periosteum Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 9) After age the vertebral column continues to elongate, but the spinal cord itself does not A) B) 12 C) 18 D) E) Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 10) If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, A) output to skeletal muscles would be blocked B) output to visceral organs would be blocked C) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level D) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord E) sensory input would be blocked Answer: E Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 11) The subdural space lies between A) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater B) the pia mater and the dura mater C) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater D) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space E) the endosteum and the periosteum Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 12) The layer of the meninges in direct contact with the spinal cord is the A) dura mater B) subarachnoid space C) arachnoid D) pia mater E) choroid plexus Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 13) A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a A) cervical enlargement B) lumbar enlargement C) spinal nerve D) spinal meninx E) spinal ganglion Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 14) In meningitis, A) inflammation of the meninges occurs B) bacteria can be the cause C) viruses can be the cause D) CSF flow can be disrupted E) All of the answers are correct Answer: E Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 15) Which of the following is true regarding an epidural block? A) It is commonly used as a method of pain control during labor and delivery B) It affects only the spinal nerves in the immediate area of the injection C) It can provide sensory and motor anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected D) It can provide mainly sensory anesthesia, depending on the anesthetic selected E) All of the answers are correct Answer: E Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 16) Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the A) filum terminale B) subarachnoid space C) dura mater D) pia mater E) arachnoid mater Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 17) The spinal cord continues to elongate until about age A) 20 years B) 10 years C) years D) months E) months Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 18) The specialized membranes that surround the spinal cord are termed the A) cranial meninges B) cranial mater C) spinal meninges D) spinal mater E) epidural membranes Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 19) Blood vessels that supply the spinal cord run along the surface of the A) pia mater B) dura mater C) epidural space D) subdural space E) subarachnoid space Answer: A Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 20) Samples of CSF for diagnostic purposes are normally obtained by placing the tip of a needle in the A) dura mater B) arachnoid mater C) epidural space D) subarachnoid space E) cerebral ventricles Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 21) In an adult, the conus medullaris is found at about A) T6 B) T10 C) L1 D) L5 E) C1 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 22) Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord As a result, which of the following would you expect? A) loss of sensation in his torso B) inability to breathe C) problems with moving his arms D) uncontrollable sweating of his feet E) problems with moving his legs Answer: A Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 23) The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly A) unmyelinated axons B) neuroglia C) Schwann cells D) myelinated and unmyelinated axons E) nodes of Ranvier Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 24) The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) nerve tracts B) columns C) meninges D) nerve cell bodies E) funiculi Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-3 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 25) The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly A) sensory nuclei B) somatic motor nuclei C) autonomic motor nuclei D) nerve tracts E) sympathetic nuclei Answer: E Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Figure 13-2 Spinal Nerves Use Figure 13-2 to answer the following questions: 63) Identify the structure labeled “2.” A) ventral root B) dorsal ramus C) spinal nerve D) ventral ramus E) white ramus Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 64) Identify the structure labeled “3.” A) spinal nerve B) gray ramus C) white ramus D) dorsal ramus E) ventral ramus Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 65) Identify the neuron inside the structure labeled “3.” A) preganglionic neuron B) postganglionic neuron C) somatic motor neuron D) sensory neuron E) interneuron Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 66) Identify the structure labeled “4.” A) spinal nerve B) gray ramus C) white ramus D) dorsal ramus E) ventral ramus Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 67) Identify the structure labeled “5.” A) autonomic nerve B) autonomic ganglion C) rami communicantes D) dorsal root ganglion E) ventral root Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 68) Identify the structure labeled “6.” A) autonomic nerve B) sympathetic ganglion C) dorsal root ganglion D) rami communicantes E) ventral root Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 69) Identify the structure labeled “8.” A) peripheral nerve B) dorsal ramus C) spinal nerve D) ventral root E) dorsal root Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 70) What is the function of the structure labeled “12”? A) somatic motor control B) visceral motor control C) somatic sensory input D) visceral sensory input E) sensory receptor for pain Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 71) What is the function of the structure labeled “13”? A) sensory receptor for pain B) visceral sensory input C) somatic motor control D) somatic sensory input E) visceral motor control Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 72) Which branch carries motor neurons to structures on the back of the body trunk? A) B) C) D) E) 11 Answer: A Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 73) In which structure are sensory cell bodies located? A) B) C) D) 10 E) 12 Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 74) Recognized neuronal circuit patterns include all of the following, except A) convergent B) divergent C) multipolar D) reverberating E) parallel processing Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 75) All of the following are true of neural reflexes, except that they A) are automatic motor responses B) are the simplest form of behavior C) help preserve homeostasis D) cannot be modified by the brain E) involve at least two neurons Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 76) Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are reflexes A) visceral B) innate C) acquired D) somatic E) vegetative Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 77) Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following, except A) their development B) where information processing occurs C) the motor response D) the complexity of the neural circuit E) whether they are sensory or motor Answer: E Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 78) All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they A) are found within skeletal muscle B) consist of specialized fibers called intrafusal fibers C) are found in tendons D) are the receptor for the stretch reflex E) are innervated by gamma motor neurons Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 79) The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the reflex A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossed extensor E) reciprocal Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 80) Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called A) a crossed extensor reflex B) a stretch reflex C) a tendon reflex D) reciprocal inhibition E) reverberating circuits Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 81) The reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossed extensor E) reciprocal Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 82) The flexor reflex A) prevents a muscle from overstretching B) prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension C) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus D) usually depends on cranial neurons E) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex Answer: C Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 83) In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater? A) a monosynaptic reflex B) a polysynaptic reflex Answer: B Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 84) All of the following are true of polysynaptic reflexes, except that they A) are arranged according to dermatomes B) are intersegmental in distribution C) involve reciprocal innervation D) have reverberating circuits that prolong the reflexive motor response E) involve pools of interneurons Answer: A Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 85) Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined Her kneejerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex) These results suggest that A) Tina has injured one of her descending nerve tracts B) Tina has injured one of her ascending nerve tracts C) Tina has a spinal injury in the lumbar region D) Tina has a spinal injury in the cervical region E) Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord Answer: E Learning Outcome: 13-8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 86) Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex? A) normal in newborns B) abnormal in adults C) a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts D) why you close your eyes when you sneeze E) flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked Answer: D Learning Outcome: 13-8 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application Short Answer Questions 87) The dura mater tapers inferiorly to form the Answer: coccygeal ligament Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 88) The condition in which a person loses all feeling and movement of the arms and legs due to spinal cord injury is termed Answer: quadriplegia Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 89) The loss of feeling and movement of the legs is termed Answer: paraplegia Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 90) The separates the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal Answer: epidural space Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 91) The dorsal root contains neurons Answer: sensory Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 92) Blood vessels traveling within the space deliver oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord Answer: subarachnoid Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 93) During the procedure known as a(n) , a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the inferior lumbar region Answer: lumbar puncture (or spinal tap) Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 94) The white ramus and the gray ramus collectively are called the Answer: rami communicantes Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 95) Suppose that you feel something brushing against your abdomen The sensory information would be carried to the spinal cord over a ramus Answer: ventral Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 96) The specific strip of skin that is innervated by a specific spinal nerve is called a(n) Answer: dermatome Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 97) A complex, interwoven network of nerves is called a(n) Answer: plexus Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 98) The nerve crucial for breathing that originates within the cervical plexus is called the nerve Answer: phrenic Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 99) In , one neuron synapses on several postsynaptic neurons Answer: divergence Learning Outcome: 13-5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 100) In , axon collaterals extend back toward the source of the impulse and further stimulate the earlier neurons Answer: reverberation Learning Outcome: 13-5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 101) The neural “wiring” of a single reflex is called a(n) Answer: reflex arc Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 102) reflexes activate skeletal muscles (Note: Be sure to capitalize the first letter of your answer) Answer: Somatic Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 103) The most complicated spinal reflexes are called Answer: intersegmental reflex arcs Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 104) Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called Answer: ipsilateral Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 105) Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called Answer: contralateral Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 106) In a(n) reflex, a sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron Answer: monosynaptic Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 107) A(n) reflex has at least one interneuron placed between the sensory and motor neurons Answer: polysynaptic Learning Outcome: 13-7 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Essay Questions 108) What would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were completely transected? Answer: The dorsal roots contain axons of sensory neurons, so input from those afferents within the severed root would not be transmitted to the CNS and thus this lesion would result in a complete loss of feeling from the body region served by the afferent fibers in that dorsal root Learning Outcome: 13-2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 109) While playing football, Ramón is tackled hard, and as he tries to get up, he finds that he has difficulty flexing and adducting his left thigh and extending his left leg Which nerve innervating the lower limb may be damaged, and how would the damage affect sensory perception in Ramón’s left leg? Answer: Ramón has a damaged left femoral nerve This nerve also supplies sensory innervation to the skin on the anteromedial surface of the thigh and medial surfaces of the leg and foot, so he will also experience numbness in those regions Learning Outcome: 13-4 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 110) What is a reflex arc? What components must be present to qualify? Answer: A reflex arc is the wiring pattern of neurons that underlie a particular reflex A reflex arc consists of three elements at the minimum: (1) a sensory receptor and neuron to carry afferent information to the CNS; (2) an excitatory synapse on a motor neuron; (3) the motor neuron to generate an action potential and conduct the impulse to an effector such as a skeletal muscle motor unit Learning Outcome: 13-6 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 111) Sometimes, when it is difficult to initiate a knee-jerk reflex by tapping the patellar tendon, a patient will be asked to voluntarily make a fist Then the reflex will be easily evoked What does this illustrate about the relation between voluntary and involuntary reflex movement? ... Taxonomy: Knowledge 6) The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons B) axons of sensory neurons C) cell bodies of motor neurons D) cell bodies of sensory neurons E) interneurons... Taxonomy: Knowledge 7) The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains A) axons of motor neurons B) axons of sensory neurons C) cell bodies of motor neurons D) cell bodies of sensory neurons E) interneurons... 5) The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain A) axons of motor neurons B) axons of sensory neurons C) cell bodies of motor neurons D) cell bodies of sensory neurons E) synapses Answer: D Learning