http://getbooksolutions.com Link full download: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-forwilliams-basic-nutrition-and-diet-therapy-14th-edition-by-nix Test Bank for Williams Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy 14th Edition by Nix Sample Chapter 5: Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE The process of digestion involves _ and _ actions a thermal, chemical b chemical, electrical c mechanical, chemical d mechanical, thermal ANS: C For nutrients to be delivered to the cells, food goes through a series of mechanical and chemical changes http://getbooksolutions.com DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 65 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation The rhythmic contractions of the stomach and intestine that propel food along are called a segmentation b peristalsis c cardiospasm d pendular movements ANS: B Peristalsis is the alternating muscular contractions and relaxations that force the contents forward through the gastrointestinal tract The smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal wall provide these two movements to ensure continuous passage of the food mass and valve control along its journey DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 66 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation http://getbooksolutions.com An example of a gastric secretion is a intestinal lipase b pancreatic amylase c bile d hydrochloric acid ANS: D Gastric secretions include enzymes, hydrochloric acid and buffer ions, mucus, water and electrolytes DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 67 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation A pizza slice is being consumed by a hungry teen The first actions of biting, chewing, and breaking up the slice into smaller particles is called a peristalsis b segmentation http://getbooksolutions.com c pendular movements d mastication ANS: D Mastication begins mechanical digestion in the mouth Mastication is the biting and chewing that begins to break food into smaller particles DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 66 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation A food that begins chemical digestion in the mouth is a chicken b yogurt c candy d bread http://getbooksolutions.com ANS: D In the mouth, salivary glands secrete salivary amylase, which is the general name for any starch-splitting enzyme Thus a food with starch content, such as bread, could begin its chemical digestion in the mouth DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 69-70 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation After ingested food is mixed and churned with gastric secretions, the semifluid mass is called a chyle b chyme c renin d bolus ANS: B By the time the food mass reaches the lower portion of the stomach, it is a semiliquid, acid-food mix called chyme http://getbooksolutions.com DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 67 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation One type of movement in the small intestine is a mastication b segmentation c kinetic propulsion d expulsion ANS: B The intestinal muscles produce several types of movement that aid digestion, including peristalsis, pendular movements, segmentation, longitudinal rotation, and surface villi motions DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation Compared with the pH in the stomach, the pH in the small intestine is http://getbooksolutions.com a lower b higher c the same d neutral ANS: B The pH of the stomach is acidic (lower) and the pH of the small intestine is alkaline (higher) DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation The enzyme that would be most important for digesting a skinless chicken breast would be a sucrase b lipase http://getbooksolutions.com c peptidase d bile ANS: C A skinless chicken breast contains more protein than any other nutrient The protein is partially digested to peptides by peptidase DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 10 A food that is high in a macronutrient broken down by trypsin is a bread b fruit c margarine d chicken http://getbooksolutions.com ANS: D Trypsin breaks down protein to dipeptides In this case, chicken is the high-protein food DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 11 The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from strong acid by a pepsinogen b bile c mucus d the presence of food ANS: C Because the stomach contains hydrochloric acid, mucus is available to protect its lining from the erosive effects of the acid Large quantities of mucus are secreted by the intestinal glands to protect the mucosal lining from irritation and erosion caused by the high acidic gastric contents entering the duodenum http://getbooksolutions.com DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 12 The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is a gastrin b enterogastrone c cholecystokinin d secretin ANS: D The hormone secretin, which is produced by the mucosal glands in the first part of the intestine, controls the secretion of enzymes and other substances from the pancreas DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation http://getbooksolutions.com 13 A meal consisting of country fried steak, carrots, and a baked potato with butter and sour cream would stimulate the hormone cholecystokinin because of the a presence of food in the duodenum b presence of fat in the duodenum c entry of the acidic chyme into the duodenum d entry of bile into the duodenum ANS: B The stimulus for the release of cholecystokinin is the presence of fat in the duodenum Once stimulated, cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to release bile to emulsify fat DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 14 After eating fried chicken the end products from the digestion of fat include a glycerol and fatty acids http://getbooksolutions.com b glucose and fatty acids c amino acids and dipeptides d cholesterol and glycerol ANS: A The end products of digestion of fats are glycerol and fatty acids Intestinal lipase splits fat into glycerides and fatty acids DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 15 A means of absorption that occurs in the small intestine is a exchange b pinocytosis c filtration http://getbooksolutions.com d electrochemical transport ANS: B Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active diffusion, and pinocytosis are the processes by which nutrients cross the inner intestinal wall and into the body circulation Pinocytosis is the penetration of larger materials by attaching to the thicker cell membrane and being engulfed by the cell DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 71|73 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 16 After absorption, the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion enter the a lacteal b bile duct c blood system d bowel http://getbooksolutions.com ANS: C Once carbohydrates and protein are digested and absorbed, they cross the inner intestinal wall and enter the bloodstream DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 73 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 17 The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is a absorption of fats b absorption of water c excretion of waste products d completion of the digestive process ANS: B The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the chyme The water is absorbed in the first half of the colon DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 73 TOP: Nursing Process: http://getbooksolutions.com MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 18 Bacteria found in the colon are significant because they a synthesize some vitamins b are a source of contamination c finish digesting whatever remains in the colon d are necessary for mineral absorption ANS: A Vitamin K is synthesized from bacteria in the large intestine DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 76 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 19 Gas formation in the colon is the result of a ingestion of certain foods http://getbooksolutions.com b ingestion of too much water c inadequate ingestion of fiber d bacterial action on undigested items ANS: D Bacterial action on indigestible food items in the large intestine can contribute to the formation of gas DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 73-74 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 20 After digestion, fatty materials are absorbed into the a bloodstream b outer skin c colon http://getbooksolutions.com d lacteals ANS: D Because fatty materials are not water soluble, these molecules pass into the lymph vessels in the villi (the lacteals), then into the larger lymph vessels of the body, and eventually into the bloodstream DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 71 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 21 Dietary fiber is beneficial because it a is high in nutrients b is readily digested c adds bulk to feces d absorbs excess nutrients ANS: C http://getbooksolutions.com Food fiber is not digested because human beings lack the specific enzymes required, but adds bulk to the diet DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 73 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 22 The sum total of all the chemical changes that an organism performs to maintain its life and produce energy is the result of a metabolism b digestion c absorption d respiration ANS: A Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical changes that take place in the body by which it maintains itself and produces energy for all its functions DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 73 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation http://getbooksolutions.com 23 Bile contains a hormones b enzymes c plasma d emulsifiers ANS: D Bile is an emulsifying agent that aids in fat digestion and absorption DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 24 Two organs that work with the small intestine in digestion are the a liver and kidneys b stomach and large intestine http://getbooksolutions.com c pancreas and liver d large intestine and colon ANS: C The pancreas aids in digestion by secreting enzymes to aid in protein, carbohydrate, and fat digestion The presence of fat in the small intestine triggers the release of bile from the gallbladder; bile is made in the liver and the gallbladder is located in the liver DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 68 Planning TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 25 Conversion of amino acids to glucose is called a metabolism b glycogenosis c gluconeogenesis d catabolism http://getbooksolutions.com ANS: C Gluconeogenesis is the conversion of amino acids to glucose DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 71|75 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 26 The surface of the intestinal wall has mucosal folds, villi, and microvilli to a aid in peristalsis b increase the surface area for absorption c decrease the surface area for absorption d increase the number of enzyme-secreting cells ANS: B Mucosal folds, villi, and microvilli combine to make the inner surface some 600 times greater than the area of the outer surface of the intestine This increases the surface area available for absorption http://getbooksolutions.com DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge Planning REF: 71 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 27 Ways to minimize formation of stomach gas include a avoiding caffeine b chewing with your mouth open c drinking liquids through a straw d not gulping ANS: D Stomach gas can be minimized by avoiding carbonated beverages, chewing with the mouth closed, not gulping food, not drinking from a can or through a straw, and not eating while nervous DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 74 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 28 A beverage that may cause intestinal gas in adults is http://getbooksolutions.com a milk b coffee c apple juice d cola ANS: A Many adults lack the enzyme lactase to digest milk For adults who not produce this enzyme, undigested lactose from milk is fermented by bacteria in the colon, causing intestinal gas DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 74 TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 29 Ms J complains of gas and bloating along with abdominal pain, especially after drinking milk or eating ice cream or cheese She may have a lactose intolerance b phenylalanine intolerance http://getbooksolutions.com c calcium deficiency d vitamin D deficiency ANS: A Lactose intolerance is characterized by a wide range of gastrointestinal problems such as gas, bloating, and abdominal pain after eating milk and other dairy products Patients with lactose intolerance not produce lactase Undigested lactose from dairy products is fermented by bacteria in the colon, causing gas and other symptoms DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis Diagnosis REF: 74 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 30 Which of the following foods would require peptidases to assist in its chemical digestion? a chicken b banana c orange juice http://getbooksolutions.com d margarine ANS: A Proteins require amino peptidase to assist in removing end amino acids from polypeptides Chicken is a food high in protein DIF: Cognitive Level: Application Planning REF: 68 TOP: Nursing Process: MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation