01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:08 PM Page i Women Poets in Ancient Greece and Rome 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:08 PM Page ii 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page iii Women Poets in Ancient Greece and Rome Edited by Ellen Greene UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS : NORMAN 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page iv Also by Ellen Greene Reading Sappho: Contemporary Approaches (Berkeley, 1996) (ed.) Re-reading Sappho: Reception and Transmission (Berkeley, 1996) The Erotics of Domination: Male Desire and the Mistress in Latin Love Poetry (Baltimore, 1998) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Women poets in ancient Greece and Rome / edited by Ellen Greene p cm Includes bibliographical references (p ) and index ISBN 0–8061–3663–4 (alk paper)—ISBN 0–8061–3664–2 (pbk : alk paper) Greek poetry—Women authors—History and criticism Latin poetry—Women authors—History and criticism Women—Greece— Intellectual life Women—Rome—Intellectual life Women and literature—Greece Women and literature—Rome Women in literature I Greene, Ellen, 1950– PA3067.W66 2005 880'.09—dc22 2004062023 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources ∞ Copyright © 2005 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University All rights reserved Manufactured in the U.S.A 10 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page v For my sister DEBRA 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page vi 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction Ellen Greene xi Sappho’s Public World Holt Parker Corinna’s Poetic Metis and the Epinikian Tradition David H J Larmour 25 The Power of Memory in Erinna and Sappho Diane J Rayor 59 Dico ergo sum: Erinna’s Voice and Poetic Reality Elizabeth Manwell 72 Homer’s Mother Marilyn B Skinner 91 Nossis Thêlyglôssos: The Private Text and the Public Book Marilyn B Skinner 112 Playing with Tradition: Gender and Innovation in the Epigrams of Anyte Ellen Greene 139 Sulpicia and the Art of Literary Allusion: [Tibullus] 3.13 Carol U Merriam 158 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page viii viii CONTENTS Sulpicia and the Rhetoric of Disclosure Barbara L Flaschenriem 169 Appendix: Greek and Roman Women Writers 192 List of Abbreviations 197 Bibliography 199 Notes on Contributors 219 Index 223 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page ix Acknowledgments This book was a long time coming I first had the idea for it in 1996 while I was working on my two Sappho volumes It was then that I became committed to making a contribution to the small but growing body of scholarship on Greek and women poets I am extremely grateful to John Drayton, Director of the University of Oklahoma Press, for his unwavering enthusiasm and support Jennifer Cunningham and Julie Shilling, Associate Editors at the Press, have been very helpful as well I also want to thank Paul Allen Miller and David Larmour for their belief in this project in its early stages Professor Miller’s insights and unfailingly perceptive readings helped to make this a better book I owe a deep dept to Marilyn Skinner, whose pioneering work on women poets in Ancient Greece has inspired much of my own interest in the poets represented in this volume I could not have completed the work for this project without the help of the University of Oklahoma The Department of Classics and Letters, the College of Arts and Sciences, and the Office of Research Administration provided invaluable moral and financial support In particular, I am grateful to my department chair, John S Catlin, for always supporting my professional endeavors On a more personal note, I am deeply appreciative of the constancy, affection, and lively companionship of my partner, Jim This book is dedicated to Debra—my sister, best friend, and the mother of my beloved nephew, Justin 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 220 220 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS (1998) and author of Stage and Stadium: Drama and Athletics in Ancient Greece (1999) He is the editor of two collections of essays: Rethinking Sexuality: Foucault and Classical Antiquity (1998) and Discourse and Ideology in Nabokov’s Prose (2002) He has also written articles on Euripides, Plutarch, Lucian, Ovid, and Nabokov Elizabeth Manwell is Assistant Professor of Classical Studies at Kalamazoo College Her scholarly interests focus on the literature and culture of the Roman Republic She is currently working on a study of oral behaviors in late Republican poetry and oratory Carol U Merriam is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Classics at Brock University in St Catharines, Ontario, Canada She is the author of numerous articles on elegy, particularly on Sulpicia and Gallus, as well as on erotic madness in elegy and Parthians in Augustan poetry She is the author of a book on the development of the epyllion, and a forthcoming book on Venus in the Latin Love Elegy She is currently working on a study of Priapus in Latin poetry Holt Parker is Professor of Classics at the University of Cincinnati He has been awarded the Rome Prize, the Women’s Classical Caucus Prize for Scholarship, and a Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities He has published works on Sappho, Sulpicia, sexuality, slavery, sadism, and spectacles Olympia Morata: The Complete Writings of an Italian Heretic (Chicago 2003) was given the Josephine Roberts Award by the Society for the Study of Early Modern Women Some of his recent work focuses on ancient medicine His edition of the Gynecology by Metrodora, the oldest surviving work by a woman doctor, is forthcoming in Brill’s Studies in Ancient Medicine Diane J Rayor is Professor and Chair of the Department of Classics at Grand Valley State University in Michigan She has published four books of translations, including The Homeric Hymns (2004) and Sappho’s Lyre: Archaic Lyric and Women Poets of Ancient Greece (1991) She is coeditor of Latin Lyric and Elegiac Poetry (1995) and Callimachus: Hymns, Epigrams, Select Fragments (1988) Marilyn B Skinner is Professor of Classics at the University of Arizona in Tucson From 1995 to 2000 she served as the editor of 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 221 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS 221 Transactions of the American Philological Association and is now American Philological Association Vice-President for Publications Her primary research specialization is Roman literature of the Republican and Augustan eras She has authored two monographs, Catullus’ Passer: The Arrangement of the Book of Polymetric Poems (1981) and Catullus in Verona (2003) Her coedited collection of scholarly essays Philodemus, Vergil, and the Augustans appeared in 2004 Dr Skinner is also well known for her work on sexuality and gender in antiquity; she coedited Roman Sexualities (1997) and has written the first comprehensive overview of ancient sexual mores, Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture, published in 2005 She has also authored numerous articles on the Greek female poetic tradition dealing with Sappho and her successors Korinna, Erinna, Anyte, Moero, and Nossis 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 222 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 223 Index Absent friend: in Erinna’s poetry, 59, 60–61, 68, 70; in Sappho’s poetry, 59–65, 68, 70 Acraephen See Asopus, Acraephen’s reply to Adonia, yearly celebration of, 117 Aeneid (Vergil), Sulpicia’s allusion to, 161 Aeolic verse, in three-line stanzas, Aesara, 192 Agatharchis, in Erinna’s poem, 86–87 Age of the Tyrants, The, Agonistic interests: in Corinna’s poetry, 43, 44, 45; in Pindar’s poetry, 40, 45 Alcaeus, 3, 4, 7–13, 15–18; background of, 6; on exile, 5; subjects of, 22n37; three-line stanzas by, 21n28 Alcestis (Euripides), 81 Alcinoe, 98, 100 Alcyone, 100 Alexiou, M., 35 Allen, A., 56n50 Allusion: in Anyte’s epigrams, xviii; Sulpicia’s use of, xix, 167 Amor (god), 166, 172 Amores (Ovid), 166, 167n4, 183, 190n34 Amphion, 93, 108n13 Anacreon, 4, 13, 16 Anaktoria, in Sappho’s poetry, 60 Andromache (Euripides), 110n32, 149 Andromachus (husband of Moero), 93, 107n12 Andromeda, 20n24, 23n54, 24n62 Animal epigrams, 156n26; of Anyte, 102–105, 110n39, 111n41, 111n43, 113, 140, 148–50, 156n27 Anthropomorphizing: by Corinna, 47; by Moero, xviii, 102 Antigonus Gonatas, 97 Antiope, 34, 35 Antiope (Euripides), 93 Antipater of Sidon, 135n36 Antipater of Thessalonika, xxin1, 102–103, 107n7, 107n9, 114 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 224 224 Anyte, xviii, 192; animal poetry of, 102–105, 110n39, 111n41, 111n43, 113, 140, 148–50; biographical information, 154n7; Erinna and, 70n5, 104; feminine sensibilities of, 139; Homeric allusions of, 140, 142, 143, 145–49, 153, 154n7, 156n33; laments of, 140–53, 155n15, 156n33, 157nn35–36; and Moero’s epigrams, 102–104; period of activity of, 107n11; private and public spheres in epigrams of, 152, 154n8, 155n21, 157n36; singing stone metaphor in lament of, 152–53; soldiers, laments for, 123, 135n31, 150–53, 156n33, 157n35 See also Epigrams Aphrodite: in Erinna’s poem, 79–80, 81; in the Iliad, 161–62, 166–67; Nossis’ dedicatory epigrams to, 116–19; and Sappho, 63, 165, 168n6 Apollo, 8, 21n31; in Corinna’s poem, 28, 44; in Pindar’s Pythian, 48, 49 Apollodorus, 33, 34 Apollonius Rhodius, 96 Apollo Ptoios, oracle of, in Corinna’s poem, 33 Apriate, 99 Arai (Curses) (Moero), 93, 99–100, 109n26 Aratus, xvii, 95–97 Arcadia, 154n7 Archeanactidae, 6, Archilochus, 10, 12, 13, 15, 22n41 Aristides, Aelius, 23n52 Aristocrats, Sappho’s concern with, 6–17 Aristophanes, epigraph from, Aristotle, 135n36 Ars Amatoria (Ovid), 34 INDEX Arthur, M B.: on Erinna, 69, 72, 76, 89n9, 89nn14–15; on Sappho, 16, 138n52 Ash, R., 19n7 Asopus, Acraephen’s reply to (Corinna), 25, 26, 31–37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 49, 50, 52 Astronomia (Hesiod), 94 Athena, 98, 100, 132n12; in Corinna’s poem, 28 Athenaeus, 107n6, 108n16; Erinna quoted in, 72; Moero quoted in, 93–94 Augustan Age, xix Baale, M J.: on Anyte, 111n45; on canon of women poets, 107n11; on Moero, 92, 107n7, 107n9 Bacchylide, 52 Bakker, Egbert, 60 Barnard, S., on Anyte, 105, 111n41, 139, 154n5 Baucis, in Erinna’s poem, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 68, 70, 74, 76, 77, 79–86, 127, 128 Beauty, Sappho’s concern with, 12, 13 Berlin papyrus, 25 Bing, Peter, 60 Boeo, 192 Boeotian themes, in Corinna’s poetry, 33, 36, 43 Bowman, L., 106, 132n7 Bowra, C.: on Corinna, 40; on Erinna, 59, 68, 77, 79, 88n1; on Sappho, xxin3 Bradley, J R., 159, 168n11 Burnett, A P.: on epinikians, 52; on Sappho, 10 Burzacchini, G., 37 Caecilia Trebulla, 193 Calame, C., 19n8 Callimachus, 39, 96, 99, 100, 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 225 INDEX 108n21, 124, 135n36; Sulpicia’s allusion to, 161, 167n4 Camenae, 173, 188n13 Cameron, A.: on Erinna, 69; on Moero, 109n26; on Sappho, 168nn6–7 Campbell, D A.: on Corinna, 53n9; on Sappho, 4, 6, 15 Caraveli, A., 146, 147, 155n20 Carey, C., 48 Carson, A.: on Pindar, 50; on Sappho, 136n40 Catalogue of Women (Hesiod), 35, 48 Cataplous (Corinna), 36 Catulllus, 161, 180 Cazzaniga, I., 136n45 Cephisodotus, 103 Cephisus, 35 Charaxus, 14–15 Christodorus of Coptus, 91–92, 97, 107n3, 107n9 Cicero, 169, 170, 174 Cithaeron and Helicon, singing contest of (Corinna), 25–31, 34, 37, 38, 39, 43–47, 51 Clark, I., 37 Clayman, D L.: on Corinna, 39, 40, 58n70 Cleanactidae, Sappho’s attack on, Cleobulina, 193 Cleomedes, 44 Cleopatra (Greek physician), 193 Cleopatra the Alchemist, 193 Clothing See Dress Cologne commentary on Sappho, 4, Componere, in elegiac poetry, 177, 190n26 Conte, G B., 191n38 Corinna, 193; Asopus, Acraephen’s reply to, 25–26, 31–37, 39, 43, 44, 49, 50, 52; audience for, 25, 68, 71n13; in Berlin papyrus, 25; 225 choral pieces of, 35; Cithaeron and Helicon, singing contest of, 25–31, 34, 37, 38, 39, 43–47, 51; and Daedala festival, 37–39; dates of, 56n50; deception and revelation in poems of, 52; and epinikians, xiv, xv, 26, 39–48, 51–53; epithets used by, 28; generational conflict in poem of, 31; and Hesiod’s creation myth, xvii; irony and humor of, 46–48, 58n70; local and parochial themes of, 42–43, 52, 55n37; painting of, in Tanagra’s gymnasium, 29, 43, 56n50; Pindar and, xiv–xv, 25–26, 29, 39–51; simplicity of, 108n23; violence and rape in poems of, 52; woman-identified perspective in poetry of, 25, 36, 40, 41, 42, 50, 51, 52; on Zeus’ birth, 95 Cornelia, 193 Courtesans, 133n17, 133n20; Nossis’ eulogies of, 119 Crates of Mallus, 108n16 Cronus, 27, 29, 30 Crusius, O., 137n48 Curse poetry, 98–100, 109nn26–28 Curses (Moero) See Arai Cyrene, in Pindar’s Pythian 9, 48, 49, 50 Cytherea, 188n13; in Sulpicia’s poetry, 163, 168n8, 173 Daedala festival, 26, 37–39, 41, 51 Davies, C., 159 Death: marriage associated with, 80–81, 106; masculine ideal of, 151 See also Funeral orations; Laments; Mourning Dedications, ritual, 132n12 Dedicatory epigrams, 112–13; of Nossis, xvii, 112–19 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 226 226 Degani, E., 136n42 De Inventione (Cicero), 69 Deipnosophistae (Athenaeus), 93–94 Demand, N., 57n66 Demeter/Persephone myth, 142 Demetrius, on Sappho’s poetry, Demo, 193 Denniston, J D., 101 Devereux, G., xii Dildos: Herodas’ reference to, 127; Sappho’s reference to, 8, 22n33, 22n34 Diodorus, on daughters of Asopus, 33 Dionysia, 193 Distaff (Erinna), xvi, 59, 60, 66, 68, 70n5, 71n11, 72–77, 79–83, 85–87, 105, 128, 135n36 Divided self, in Sulpicia’s poetry, 180 Dress, 23nn55–57; metaphor of disrobing, in Roman poetry, 170–71; propriety of, and speech, 170; Sappho’s concern with, 13 Ecphrastic epigrams, 133n21; of Anyte, 118; of Erinna, 118; of Moero, xviii, 118; of Nossis, xvi, 118–22 Egeria, 193 Elegies: of Moero, 93, 101; of Propertius, 172–73, 175–77; Roman, master plot of, 183; of Sappho, 10, 22n39; of Sulpicia, xix–xx, 158–59, 170–74, 177–87 Elephantis, 193 Encaustic painting, 137n46 Epigrams: of Anyte, 67, 102–105, 110n39, 111n41, 111n43, 113, 118, 123, 135n31, 139, 140, 154n8, 155n15, 155n21; of Erinna, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 83–87, 118; and gravestone INDEX inscriptions, 154n8; of Moero, 101–105, 118; of Nossis, 112–30, 134n24, 136n39; and objectivity, 155n15 Epinikians, 40–41; Corinna and, xiv, xv, 26, 39–48, 51–53; Pindar and, 26, 40–51, 53n8 Epitaphs: of Propertius, 178; of Sulpicia, 178 Epithalamia, of Sappho, 3, 18n4, 22n38 Epyllion (idyll), 100 Erinna, xv–xvii, 193; absent friend as topic of, 59, 60–61, 68, 70; Anyte and, 70n5, 104; biographical data, 69, 72, 90n20, 107n11; death of, 66; Distaff, xvi, 59, 60, 66, 68, 70n5, 71n11, 72–77, 79–83, 85–87, 105, 128, 135n36; as emblem of perverted sexuality, 127–28; Herodas’ attacks on, 137n48; Homer as model for, 59; identity formulated by, 72–73, 83, 87–88; laments of, 74, 76, 83; loss as theme of, 74, 76, 77, 82, 83, 86, 87; memory and forgetfulness in poetry of, xv, xvi, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 69, 70, 79–80, 81, 87; and Myron’s insect memorial, 104; remembrance, desire for, 68; reputation and influence of, 69, 70n5; Sappho’s influence on, 59; self-portrayal of, 97, 108n22; separation as theme of, 76–77, 78, 80, 81, 82; status as female poet, 88n6; voice and silence, emphasis on, 81–82, 83, 85–87, 90n19; women’s concerns in poetry of, 66; and written word, 60, 66–69 See also Epigrams Erotica Pathêmata (Parthenius), 98, 99 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 227 INDEX Erotic elegies: central question of, 191n38; fictions of, 171; of Propertius, 172–73, 175–77; of Sulpicia, 170–74, 177–87 Eroticism and sexuality: in Erinna’s poetry, 127–28; lesbianism, 4, 5, 59, 65; in Nossis’ poetry, 118, 119, 125–28; and political orientation, 15; ritual prostitution, 133n16; in Sappho’s compositions, 17, 128, 129, 137n49, 138n52; temple prostitution, 134n24; women poets and, 105–106 Ethics, Sappho’s concern with, 12 Eucheria, 193 Eudocia, xxin9, 193 Eudoxus, 96, 108n19 Euonymus, 34 Euphorion, 99, 100 Euripides, 35, 81, 93, 110n32 Eurydice, 193 Eusebius, 107n11 Eustatheus, 93 Fabulla, 193 Fasti (Ovid), 34 Feminist criticism, xiii, 131n2, 159 Flaschenriem, B L., 106, 166 Foley, H P., 142, 155n20 Forgetfulness See Memory and forgetfulness Friedman, Susan, 3; on women poets, Friendship, Sappho’s concern with, 15, 16, 17 Funeral orations, Anyte’s laments and, 147, 148, 150, 151 Funerary epigram, of Nossis, 126 Gaertner, J F., 159 Garland (Meleager), 93, 103, 104, 107n7, 127 Geffcken, J., 92 227 Gender: and art, Corinna’s position on, 40 See also Women Gentili, B., 7, 15, 20n23 Geoghegan, D.: on Anyte, 103, 110n33, 110n39, 111n45, 135n31, 140, 142, 145, 152, 153, 156n27, 156n33, 157n35 Gerber, D E., 35, 48 Gigante, M., 136n44 Ginsberg, Allen, epigraph from, 72 Girard, R., 181 Gomme, A., Goos, 76, 81, 83, 89n7 Gorgo, 6, 7, 20n24, 23n54 Gow, A S F.: on Anyte, 110n39, 156n27, 156n33; on Moero, 92, 107n10; on Nossis, 118, 131n1, 132nn9–10, 134nn25–26, 135n37 Grave monuments, inscriptions on, 67, 154n8 Greek Anthology (The Palatine Anthology), 91, 112, 156n26 Greene, E., 62, 63 Grief: common aspect of, 74; expressions of, in Erinna’s poems, xvi; healing of, in Sappho’ songs, xv Guillon, P., 55n33 Gundel, H., 96 Gutzwiller, K J.: on Anyte, 104, 105, 111n41, 139, 140, 144, 145, 148, 149, 152, 154n5, 154n8, 155n15, 157n36; on Erinna, 69, 70n5, 72, 76, 89nn7–8; on Nossis, 131n3 Hallett, Judith, 170, 187n2 Hamadryads, in Moero’s epigram, 102, 110n34 Harpalyce, 99, 109n29 Harvey, A E., 28 Haupt, M., 188n3 Hedyle, 194 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 228 228 Helicon See Cithaeron and Helicon, singing contest of Hellenistic period, xv Hemelrijk, E., 167n3 Henderson, W J., 43, 54n19, 57n68 Hera: Corinna’s poetry and, 25, 26; Daedala festival of, 37–39, 41; dedications of textiles to, 132n12 Hera Lacinia, Nossis’ epigram to, 114–15 Hermes, in Corinna’s poem, 29, 30, 44 Herodas, 137nn47–48; on Nossis, 127, 128 Herrlinger, G., 104 Hesiod, 27, 35, 48, 54n17, 94; creation myth of, xvii, 95; Homer’s quarrel with, 40 Hetairai, 19n8; Adonia observed by, 117; among Sappho’s friends, 61, 63, 71n12; Nossis’ praise of, 119, 122 Hetairia, xvi Himerius, Hinds, S., 180, 181, 189nn14–15 Hippolytus (Euripides), 81 Histories, The (Polybius), 154n7 Holst-Warhaft, G., 143, 147, 148, 151 Holzberg, N., 158 Homer: and Anyte’s poetry, xviii, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 153, 154n7, 156n33; and Corinna’s poetry, 28; Cytherea in poems of, 168n8; and Erinna’s poetry, 59, 89n7; Hesiod’s quarrel with, 40; laments of, 142, 143, 151; and Moero’s poetry, 94, 95; Sirens in, 84–85; and Sulpicia’s poetry, xix, 161 Homeric bards, memory in songs of, 60 Homeric Hymn to Hermes, 29 INDEX Homerus of Byzantium, 91–92, 97, 106, 107n5 Horace: on Alcaeus, 10, 22n37; on Venus, 164–65 Hortensia, 170, 187n2, 194 Hubbard, M., 189n18 Hymn to Zeus (Callimachus), 96 Hyrieus, 34, 35 Iambics, of Sappho, 10, 22n39, 22n41 Ibis (Callimachus), 99, 100 Ibis (Ovid), 99, 109n28 Ibycus, 16 Identity formation (individuation), 73–74 Iliad (Homer), 59, 76, 100, 135n32; Anyte’s allusions to, 142, 145, 156n33; epithets in, 133n13; laments in, 142, 143, 147; Sulpicia’s allusions to, xix, 161–63, 166–67 Isthmian (Pindar), 41–43 Julia Balbilla, xxin9, 194 Kaddish (Ginsberg), epigraph from, 72 Kammer, J., 188n8 Keith, A., 159, 161 Kirkwood, G M.: on anthropomorphization, 47; on Corinna, 52n11; on Pindar, 50; on Sappho, xxin3, 9, 22n38 Klaitch, Dolores, Kolodny, A., 137n50 Konstan, D., 183 Kranz, W., 135n38 Lacan, Jacques, 73 Lacey, W K., 135n30 Lais, 194 Laments, 89n11; for animals, 148–50, 156nn26–27; of Anyte, 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 229 INDEX 140–53; of Erinna, 74, 76, 83; as social protest, 155n20; for soldiers, 150–53, 156n33, 157n35; of women, 141–50, 155n14, 155n20, 155n23, 157n36 Larmour, D H J., 43 Lear, Jonathan, 74 Lefkowitz, M R., xxin2, 3, 4, 138n52 Leonidas of Tarentum, 104, 108n21 Lesbianism: of Erinna, 59; of Sappho, 4, 5, 59, 65, 138n52 Levin, D N., 69 Lidov, Joel B., 14 Life of Pindar, 47 Lightfoot, J L., 100, 109n25 Lobel, E., 7–8, 21n28, 76 Loewald, Hans, 73 Long pentameter, Propertius’ use of, 176, 189n23 Loraux, N., 80, 141, 155n23 Loss, 73, 74; Erinna’s theme of, 74, 76, 77, 82, 83, 86, 87 Love affairs, of aristocratic poets, 17 Love elegies See Erotic elegies Lowe, N J., 167n2, 185, 191n42 Luck, G., 101; on Nossis, 136n39; on Sulpicia, 159 Lysistrata (Aristophanes), epigraph from, Manchette, 109n25; in Moero’s poem, 99 Marcovich, M., xii Marcus Argentarius, 111n43 Maria, 194 Marriage: and Corinna’s poetry, 41; death associated with, 80–81, 106; epithalamia of Sappho, 3, 18n4, 22n38; and Erinna’s absent friend, 61, 66, 80; Greek wedding ritual in Pindar’s 229 Pythian 9, 50; and Sappho’s absent friends, 61 “Marriage of Hector and Andromache, The” (Sappho), Martial epigrams: of Anyte, 123, 135n31, 150, 156n33, 157n35; of Nossis, 122–23 Masculine features: in Anyte’s laments, 157n36; in Corinna’s poetry, 28 Matrilineal descent-reckoning, 115, 133n14 Meleager, 93, 103, 104, 107n7, 107n9; on Nossis, 127, 128, 136n46 Melinno, 194 Melissa, 194 Memory and forgetfulness: Erinna’s use of, xv, xvi, 59, 60, 61, 66, 67, 69, 70, 79–80, 81, 87; Sappho’s use of, xvi, 59–65, 67, 69, 70 Merkelbach, R., 94, 96 Messalla, 159–60, 161 Metamorphoses (Ovid), 47, 100 Metronymics, identification of Greek women by, 115 Meyerhoff, D., Mnemosyne (Moero), xvii, xviii, 93–98 Moero, xvii–xviii, 194; Anyte and, 102–105; Arai, 93, 99–100, 109n26; biographical data, 91–93, 97, 106; epigrams of, 101–105, 118; grape cluster in epigram of, 101; Hamadryads in epigram of, 102, 110n34; Mnemosyne, xvii, xviii, 93–98; self-portrayal as child, 105–106; variant spellings of name of, 92, 105 Mormo, in Erinna’s poem, 76, 79, 80, 89n15 Most, G W., 189n16 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 230 230 Mother–daughter relationship: in Anyte’s laments, 140–42; in Nossis’ poetry, 120–21, 122 Mourning, 73, 74, 76, 147 See also Laments Murnaghan, S., 89n8, 142, 155n14 Muses, 54n24, 84, 85; cult of, on Helicon, 29; in Sulpicia’s poems, 160 Myia, 194 Myro See Moero Myro (in Anyte’s epigram), 104, 105, 111n43 Myron (sculptor), 104 Myrrh, 137n46 Myrtis, 52, 94 Nagy, G.: on Sappho, 17; on time and poetry, 55n28 Natural History (Pliny), 104 Neaera, 122 Nemean (Pindar), 45, 46, 51 Nicobule, 194 Noble man, Sappho’s concern with, 10–12 Nossis, xvii, 66–67, 194; audience for, 113, 114, 115, 122, 125, 129, 130, 132n7; book-length verse collection of, 124, 129, 136n39; epigrams of, 112–30, 134n24, 136n39; Erinna’s epigram as model for, 70n5; Herodas’ attacks on, 137n48; mother-daughter relationship addressed by, 120–21, 122; mother of, 115; patriotic commemoration by, 122–23; period of activity, 107n11; private agenda of, 113, 114; public agenda of, 113, 114, 124–28; religious nuances in poetry of, 121; Sappho as model for, 125, 126, 127, 130, 136nn44–45; sexuality and INDEX eroticism in poetry of, 125–28; stigma attached to, 106; womanidentified perspective in poetry of, 112, 114–22, 128–30, 131n2 Nouveau riche, Sappho’s disdain for, 12–13 Nykteus, 34, 35 Odes (Horace), 164–65 Odyssey (Homer), 84–85, 94, 100, 120, 155nn17–18, 168n8; Anyte’s allusions to, 145–47; epithets in, 133n13 Oldfather, W A., 115, 133n14 Olympian (Pindar), 34 On the Daedala at Plataea (Plutarch), 38 Orion, 34, 35, 36 Ovid, 34, 47, 99, 100, 109n28, 166, 167n4, 171, 183, 190n34; conponere used by, 190n26; and Perilla, 106, 111n47, 164 Paean (Pindar), 42 Page, D L.: on Anyte, 110n39, 156n27, 156nn33; on Corinna, 35, 53n10, 54n19, 108n23; on Moero, 92, 107n10; on Nossis, 118, 131n1, 132nn9–10, 134nn25–26, 135n37; on Sappho, 4, 18n4, 20n24, 21n28, 22n34, 76, 168n6 Palatine Anthology, The See Greek Anthology Pamphila, 195 Panhellenic element: in Corinna’s poetry, 43, 44, 51; in Pindar’s epinikians, 40, 42 Parker, H.: on Sappho, 19n7, 61; on Sulpicia, 167n1 Parody: in Anyte’s poetry, xviii, 103; in Moero’s poetry, xviii, 101, 103–104; in Nossis’ poetry, 123–24; of Rhinthon, 123 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 231 INDEX Parthenius, 98, 99, 100, 110n29 Parthenoi, 56n41; among Sappho’s friends, 61; in athletic contests, 40, 41; and poetic performance, 51 Pausanias: on Corinna, 29; on Myro of Byzantium, 93; on temple of Hera at Plataea, 38 Pelasgi Progenies, 96 Penelope, 145–47 Perictione I, 195 Perictione II, 195 Perilla, in Ovid’s poem, 106, 111n47, 164 Perpetua, 195 Petronius, 190n33 Phaenomena (Aratus), xvii, 95–97 Phaenomena (Eudoxus), 96, 108n21 Philetas, 105 Philinna, 195 Phillips, Adam, 74 Philodemus, 10 Phintys, 195 Phyllobolia, ritual of, 45, 49 Pindar, 8; Corinna and, xiv–xv, 25–26, 29, 39–48, 48–51, 57n67; epinikians of, 40–47, 51, 52, 53n8; Isthmian, 41, 42, 43; Nemean, 45, 46, 51; Olympian, 34; Paean, 42; Pythian, 26, 41, 48–51; on temple prostitutes, 134n24 Plagiarism, 108n16 Pleiad (tragedians), 92 Pleiades (constellation), 94–97 Pliny the Elder, 104 Plutarch: on Corinna, 28, 46; on mourning, 147; on quarrels of Zeus and Hera, 38–39; on Sappho, 12, 136n40 Poems as flowers, metaphor of, 136n42 Poetics (Aristotle), 135n36 231 Poetry, as written word, 60, 66–70 Poetry, performance of, 60, 65–66, 69, 70 Politics: and erotic relationships, 15; Sappho’s involvement with, 5–6, 9, 10, 13, 23n54 Pollux, 103; tortoise poem of, 77–78 Polyanactidae, 6, 7, 8, 11, 23n54 Polybius, 154n7 Pomeroy, S B.: on Erinna, 66; on Nossis, 134n24; on ritual dedications, 132n12; on Sulpicia, 159 Poseidon, in Corinna’s poetry, 44 Pratt, L H., 54n24 Praxilla, 195 Private discourses, in women’s poetry, xiii, xiv; of Anyte, 152, 154n8, 155n21, 157n36; of Nossis, 113–14; of Sappho, 3–5, 17, 19n9; of Sulpicia, 172, 174, 184–87 Proba, xxin9, 195 Probst, S., 190n29 Probst, V., 190n29 Propertius, Sextus, 165, 166, 171, 172–73, 175–77, 183, 188nn10–11, 189n18; conponere used by, 190n26; long pentameter used by, 176, 189n23; on sexual experience and appreciation of elegiac verse, 190n34; tabellae of, 175, 189n19 Prostitution: ritual, 133n16; temple, 134n24 See also Hetairai Psychoanalytic theory, identity formation in, 73–74, 88n3 Ptolemais, 195 Public discourses, in women’s poetry, xiii, xiv; of Anyte, 152, 154n8, 155n21, 157n36; of 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 232 232 Nossis, 113–14, 124–28; of Sappho, 5–14, 16, 17; of Sulpicia, 172, 174, 177, 178, 184, 186–87 Public sphere, Roman women’s conduct in, 170 Putnam, M C J., 175, 189nn19–20 Pythian (Pindar), 26, 41, 48–51 Quintilian, 10, 22n37 Rachewiltz, S de, 85 Rauk, J., 59, 61, 71n11 Rayor, D.: on Corinna, 25, 27, 35, 40, 47, 57n53, 58n79, 71n13, 95 Rehm, R., 80–81 Reitzenstein, R., 136n45 Rhea, in Corinna’s poetry, 26–30, 34, 46, 95 Rhinthon, 107n11, 123–24 Riedweg, C., 136n39 Ritual prostitution, 133n16 Robbins, E., 168n5 Roessel, D., 159 Salpe, 195 Santirocco, M S., 159, 168n11, 188n12, 190n31, 191n40 Sappho, xii–xvii, xix, 195–96; “abnormal” applied to compositions of, 3, 18n4; absent friend as topic of, 59–65, 68, 70; Alcaeus contrasted with, 4, 6–12, 16, 17, 18; and Aphrodite, 163, 165, 168nn6–7; betrayal by friends as theme of, 15, 16; as choral poet, 19n7; description of god by, 136n40; dress as concern of, 13; epithalamia of, 3, 18n4, 22n38; and Erinna’s poetry, 59, 76, 89n7; ethics and virtue as concerns of, 12, 13; exile of, 5, 9; family reputation as concern INDEX of, 14–15; Homeric allusions by, 168n7; memory used by, xvi, 59–65, 67, 69, 70; noble man as concern of, 10–12; and Nossis’ poetry, 125, 126, 127, 130, 136nn44–45; performance of poetry of, 60, 65, 66; poems as parting gifts of, 71n7; private agenda of, 3–5, 17, 19n9, 129; public agenda of, 5–14, 16, 17; rebuke of brother by, 13–15; remembrance, desire for, 68; sexuality and eroticism in compositions of, 17, 128, 129, 137n49, 138n52; standard view of, 3–5; stigma attached to, 105–106; suicide, legend of, 137n49; as Sulpicia’s model, 164, 168n5, 168n7 Scanlon, T F., 44 Segal, C.: on Corinna, 29, 43, 45, 47, 58n69; on Pindar, 50 Seneca, 137n49 Separation, Erinna’s theme of, 76–77, 78, 80, 81, 82 Seremetakis, Nadia, 83, 89n11 Sexuality See Eroticism and sexuality Sharrock, A., 19n7 Singing stone metaphor, in Anyte’s lament, 152–53 Sirens, 84–85, 90n23; in Erinna’s poem, 85, 86 Skinner, M B.: on Anyte, 154n3; on Corinna, 36; on domestic sphere of Greek women, 137n51; on Erinna, 59, 66, 72, 76; on female epigrammatists, 102; on Nossis, 67; on Ovid, 111n47 Smith, K F., 184, 190n33 Snell, Bruno, xxin3, Snyder, J M., 188n12; on Anyte, 105, 154n8, 156n33; on 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 233 INDEX Corinna, 29, 30, 40, 54n20, 55n30, 108n18; on Moero, 101, 108n18; on Sappho, 62, 65 Solon, 15 Song-contest poem (Corinna) See Cithaeron and Helicon, singing contest of Speech, gender-linked: of Nossis, 122 Sphragis, 174, 182 Statius, 37 Stehle, Eva: on Corinna, 35, 56n41; on Erinna, 89n10, 105; on Sappho, 5, 61, 65, 71n7 Suda: on Moero, 92–93; on Rhinthon, 107n11 Sulpicia, xix–xx, 92, 196; accepted view of, 159, 167n2; componere used by, 177–78, 190n26; “cum digno digna” used by, 190n29; disrobing image in elegy of, 170–72, 177; divided self in poetry of, 180; elegies in Tibullan corpus, 158; fluid identity of, 181–82; inclusive nature of poems of, 174; love poems of, 170–74, 177–87; mythological allusion in poems of, 160–63, 165–67; order of poems of, 168n11; pose as young girl, 106; Sappho as model for, 164, 168n5, 168n7; on shame and reputation, 166, 177 Sulpicia the Satirist, xxin9 Sumptuary legislation, Tanagra, 33, 35, 36 Tarán, S L., 136n43 Tatian, 103 “Tattoo Elegy,” 109n26 Telesilla, 196 Temple prostitution, 134n24 Terentia, 196 Thélyglôssos, Nossis as, 114, 122 233 Theognis, 10, 13, 15, 16, 189n17 Theogony (Hesiod), 27 Theosebeia, 196 Thrax (Euphorion), 99, 100 Three–line stanzas, 8, 21n28 Threnos, 76 Tibullan corpus, 183, 189n18; Suplicia’s elegies in, 158, 160, 187n3 Tortoise game, in Erinna’s poem, 77–79, 89n11 Traenkle, H., 159, 168n5, 190n29, 190n33 Trista (Ovid), 106, 164 Tschiedel, H J., 187n3 Tsomis, G., 4, 20n18 Two-line stanzas, 21n28 Valerius Maximus, 170, 187n2 Venus: in Horace’s Odes, 164–65; in Propertius’ poetry, 165; in Sulpicia’s poems, 160–63, 165, 166, 167, 173 See also Cytherea Vergil, Sulpicia’s allusion to, 161 Virtue, Sappho’s concern with, 13 Voice, in Erinna’s poetry, 81–82, 83, 86–87 Walker, J., 51 Waltz, P., 102 Watson, L., 109nn26–28 Wendel, C., 108n13 West, M L.: on Corinna, 33, 35, 37, 54n17; on Erinna, 72, 89n9; on Hesiod, 94, 96; on Moero, 107n12 White, H., 110n34 Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U von: on Anyte, 131n6, 154n3; on Moero, 107n12; on Nossis, 136n45; on the Phaenomena, 108n21; on Sappho, 19n7 Williamson, M., 9, 13, 15, 65, 66 Winkler, John, xxin7, 06.Greene Append-Index 3/18/05 2:30 PM Page 234 234 Winnicott, D W., 73 Women: as absent friends, in poetry of Sappho and Erinna, 59–66; in antiquity, xi–xiii, xv, xx; at athletic contests, 40, 57n56; and care for animals, 148; clothes as concern of, 23n55; concerns of, in Erinna’s poem, 66; education of, 66; effacing presence of, in text, 169–70; female subcultures, 137n51; gender and art, Corinna’s position on, 40, 41, 42; gender-linked speech, in Nossis’ epigram, 122; and girls’ tortoise game, 77–79; influence on male family members, 135n30; laments of, 76, 140–50, 155n14, 155n20, 155n23; metronymics in designation of, 115; in mourning INDEX rituals, 147; and nuptial and funeral rituals, 81; orators, 170; perspective of, in Nossis’ poetry, 112, 114–19; poetics, 3–4, 57n53, 137n50; propriety of dress and propriety of speech, 170; in Roman society, xix, xx; sumptuary legislation aimed at, Wyke, M., 181, 189n14 Xanthus, 100 Yardley, J C., 168n12 Zeus: in Corinna’s poetry, 26–30, 44; and Daedala festival, 37–38; infancy of, 95–97; in Moero’s poetry, 94, 95 Zeuxis, 169, 174 ... poetry Women authors—History and criticism Latin poetry Women authors—History and criticism Women Greece Intellectual life Women Rome Intellectual life Women and literature Greece Women and literature Rome. .. 2:08 PM Page i Women Poets in Ancient Greece and Rome 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:08 PM Page ii 01.Greene Front Matter 3/18/05 2:09 PM Page iii Women Poets in Ancient Greece and Rome Edited... Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Women poets in ancient Greece and Rome / edited by Ellen Greene p cm Includes bibliographical references (p ) and index ISBN 0–8061–3663–4 (alk