Chuyên đề Ngữ pháp cơ bản Unit 1: Nouns I. Noun 1. Kinds and function a. Four kinds - Danh từ chung: dog, man, table . - Danh từ riêng: France, Madrid, Mrs Smith, Tom . - Danh từ trừu tợng: beauty, charity, fear, joy . - Danh từ tập hợp: crowd, group, team, swarm . b. Function as - Chủ ngữ: Australia is an English speaking country. - Bổ ngữ cho động từ be, become, seem: Tom is an actor. - Tân ngữ của động từ: I saw Tom in the park. - Tân ngữ của giới từ: I spoke to John. - Dùng với sở hữu cách: Tom s books . * Note: + Dùng s với ngời, động vật và trạng từ chỉ thời gian. E.g: Mr Orson s car The elephant s ear The cat s tail + Những danh từ số nhiều tận cùng bằng s chỉ dùng dấu sở hữu ( ). E.g: The teacher s training college + Với đồ vật dùng giới từ of E.g: The leg of the table The office of the manager 2. Gender (giống) - We have masculine (gđ), feminine (gc), and neuter (chung tính) * Chung tính: những vật vô sinh, những động vật mà ta kô biết giống. * Ngoại lệ: Các con tàu và đôi khi các loại xe hơi, các quốc gia dùng vời nghĩa trang trọng đợc xem nh là giống cái. E.g: Viet Nam lost a lot of her heroes in the war. Các danh từ phân giống: boy - girl bachelor - spinster bridegroom - bride father - mother gentleman - lady husband - wife man - woman nephew - niece son - daughter aunt - uncle widower - widow prince - princess duke - duches monitor - monitress manager - manageress actor - actress waiter - waitress air-hoster - air-hostress steward - stewardess conductor - conductress heir - heiress hero - heroine policeman - policewoman - Một số danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp có hình thức giống nhau: cook, driver, dancer, assistant, artist, guide, - Một số loài động vật phân giống: bull - cow - ox hen - cock dog - bitch goose - gander lion - lioness tiger - tigeress duck - drake ram - ewe 3. Plural (Số nhiều): Chỉ có danh từ đếm đợc mới có hình thức số nhiều. a. Quy tắc chung: Thêm s vào sau danh từ số ít b. 12 danh từ tận cùng bằng f hay fe đổi thành ves. Calf half knife leaf life self sheaf shelf thief wife wolf * Note: Một số danh từ nh: scalf (khăn quàng), wharf (bến cảng), hoof (mòng, guốc) có thể thêm s hoặc đổi thành ves. Những danh từ còn lại có tận cùng bằng f hay fe thì thêm s bình th- ờng. Cliff handkerchief safe c. Một số danh từ biến đổi sang dạng số nhiều bằng cách thay đổi nguyên âm của chúng foot -> feet goose -> geese louse -> lice mouse -> mice man -> men tooth -> teeth child-> children ox -> oxen * Những chữ viết tắt cũng có thể thành lập ở hình thức số nhiều MPs (Members of Paliament): Nghị sĩ quốc hội VIPs (Very important persons) UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) OAPs (Old Age Pensioners): ngời hu trí 4. Danh từ không đếm đ ợc ( Uncountable noun ) - Những danh từ sau xem nh kô đếm đợc a. Tên gọi của những chất đợc xem nh là chung: wood, iron, silver, gold, tea, beer, wine, stone, wool, etc b. Những danh từ trừu tợng information, violence, hope, beauty, death, experience c. Những danh từ đợc quy định là kô đếm đợc trong tiếng Anh bread, news, knowledge, damage, rubbish, etc Which of these words are uncountable nouns? letter Word knowledge news countryside deer ink Spirit rule kiss rain day ink-pot Statue health information welcome roof music Freedom drink air forest toothpick What is English spelling of these words? Nớc hoa Ngôi nhà Gia đình Ngời thừa kế Trờng ĐH Chất liệu len Sự tự do Đồ uống Không gia đình Ngời kô vợ Trờng CĐ Chất liệu vàng Nữ công tớc Thức ăn S tử (gc) Góa phụ Trờng PTCS Chất liệu bạc Nữ anh hùng Phòng tắm Chó (gc) Nam diễn viên Trờng THCS Chất liệu sắt Giáo viên Từ điển Nam cảnh sát Ca sĩ Trờng THPT Chất liệu chì Học viên Từ điển Anh-Việt Cảnh sát Nhà vệ sinh Nhà trẻ Chất liệu gỗ Find out ten nouns in this box: T E A C H E r P O o R F S B O O I X M I Q W f Z R A C A K e J g f h s N e k I v H O U S e l I u S A Y k n A A C L A s s R t U L X a s d w R H h I t c y p o r H H O N E y q d S i J O o o M O O n Z v m Fill in the gaps with suitable word 1. What is your n ? 2. I have a b house. 3. My house is very b . 4. I am t . but she is s . 5. Jack is f . but Mark is s 6. My shoes are b .; her shoes are p 7. What is your phone n .? -> It is seven d five four two eight. 8. T . you very much! -> Not at all. 9. G . morning, Mr Baker! -> G morning, Mark! 10. H are you today? -> Im f  ChuyÓn nh÷ng danh tõ sau sang sè nhiÒu A man A baby A box A book A wife A woman A play A watch A student A knife A child A city A church A hat A leaf A tooth A country A potato A cat A thief A mouse A key A dish A house A calf A goose A boy A class A nurse A wolf A foot A lady A bus A bed A scarf A person A fly A brush A car A loaf  S¾p xÕp nh÷ng tõ sau thµnh côm tõ hoµn chØnh KÝch thíc -> sù miªu t¶ tæng qu¸t (gåm nh÷ng tÝnh tõ chØ c¸ tÝnh & sù xóc c¶m)-> tuæi t¸c -> h×nh d¹ng -> mµu s¾c -> chÊt liÖu -> Nguån gèc -> Môc ®Ých + Danh tõ 1. knife/ long/ sharp/ a. -> 2. A/ bath/ round/ small. -> 3. An/ clock/ French/ elegant. -> 4. An/ plastic/ old/ bucket. -> 5. Jeans/ Vietnamese/ cotton/ green/ new/ nice/ long. -> 6. A/ old/ lazy/ man/ stupid. -> 7. Girl/ a/ pretty/ tall. -> 8. A/ dictionary/ big/ expensive. -> 9. Two/ old/ Japanese/ red/ big/ kimonos/ nice. -> 10. A/ cold/ Queen/ crude/.-> Unit 2: Tenses of verbs Present simple i. Grammar : Pronouns Number Person Gender* Pronouns Possessive adjectivesSubject Object Possessive Reflexive Singular 1st m/f I me mine myself my 2nd m/f you you yours yourself your 3rd M he him his himself his F she her hers herself her N it it its itself its Plural 1st m/f we us ours ourselves our 2nd m/f you you yours yourselves your 3rd m/f/n they them theirs themselves their * m=male f=female n=neuter Examples: Pronoun Subject She likes homework. Object My brothers give me some sweets. possessive This homework is yours. Reflexive John and Mark do the homework themself. possessive adjective The boys break her glasses. II. Exercises A. Subject pronoun 1. My name is Sue. ………… am English. And this is my family. 2. My mum's name is Angie. …………. is from Germany. 3. Bob is my dad. ………….is a waiter. 4. On the left you can see Simon. ……… is my brother. 5. Sue and Simon are my friends. …………….are twins. 6. Our dog is a girl, Judy. ……………… is two years old. 7. Sue, Simon and Bob are my classmates. ….live in Canterbury. ……. is not far from London. 8. My grandparents live in London. …………….often come and see us. 9. What can ……………………tell me about your family? B. Object pronouns 1. My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) ………… . 2. My children like Disney films. The video is for (they)…………… 3. My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he)…………… 4. My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they). 5. I like watches. This nice watch is for (I). 6. My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we). 7. My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he). 8. My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she). 9. Here is another souvenir. I don't know what to do with (it). 10. You know what? - It's for (you). C.Possessive Adjectives :Replace the personal pronouns by possessive adjectives. 1. Where are (you)……………. friends now? 2. Here is a postcard from (I)………… friend Peggy. 3. She lives in Australia now with (she)………… family. 4. (She)……………. husband works in Newcastle. 5. (He)………… company builds ships. 6. (They)………… children go to school in Newcastle. 7. (I) …………husband and I want to go to Australia, too. 8. We want to see Peggy and (she)………… family next winter. 9. (We)…………. winter! 10. Because it is (they)…………… summer. D. Po ssessive Pro nouns: Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns. 1. This book is (you). 2. The ball is (I). 3. The blue car is (we). 4. The ring is (she). 5. We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they). 6. The luggage is (he). 7. The pictures are (she). 8. In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it). 9. This cat is (we). 10. This was not my fault. It was (you). E. Reflexive Pro nouns Fill in the correct reflexive pronouns. 1. I did not want to believe it and then I saw the UFO. 2. The girl looked at ………….in the mirror. 3. Freddy, you'll have to do your homework…………… 4. You don't need to help them. They can do it……………. 5. I introduced …………to my new neighbour. 6. Boys, can you make your beds……………? 7. She made ………… a pullover. 8. What happens when a fighting fish sees …………….in the mirror? 9. The father decided to repair the car ……………………. 10. We can move the table ……………… • Fill in the blanks with HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY cat and horse………… Mary…………… Tom …………… Jack and I ………… books …………. sister …………. You and Dave ……… plane …………. sunshine ………. Cheese ……………… cactus ………… parents ………… Pamela ……………… news scissors . geese . flowers piano . school . daughter milk children sugar feet bicycle Ann and Kate . tennis . son . mice sky . shop . buses papers Mr. Green brother-in-law . picture friendship . dolphin The Riggs family Translate into Vietnamese 1. Một ngời ăn chay không ăn thịt. 2. Chúng tôi không làm việc vào các ngày Thứ Bảy và Chủ Nhật. 3. Tôi luôn luôn cố gắng hết sức mình để học tập tốt. 4. Mặt trời mọc ở đằng Đông, lặn ở đằng Tây. 5. Vào mùa Thu lá cây ngả màu vàng và rụng xuống. 6. Nớc sôi ở 100 o C. (100 degrees celsius)/ (100 degrees centigrade) 7. Anh trai tôi kô sống ở đây. Anh ấy sống ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Complete the sentences below 8. What/ he/ do/ free time? 9. How often/ Olympic Games/ take place? 10. Who/ teach/ you/ English/ school? 11. Atheist/ believe/ God? 12. My father/ always/ go/ work/ car. 13. What time/ you/ go/ bed/ everyday? 14. What/ your name? 15. What/ you/ do? And what/ your father/ do? 16. You/ usually/ get up early/ the morning? 17. What/ you and your sister/ do/ your free time? 18. You/ like/ cook? 19. Today/ the weather/ very cool. 20. My mother/ not/ like/ watch/ films. 21. My brother/ interviewer. 22. He/ always/ interview/ famous people on TV. 23. Mary and Jack/ study/ English very well. They/ not study/ maths. 24. I/ learn to play the piano/ because/ I/ like it. 25. Lan and Hoa/ not like/ English. They/ think/ English/ be/ difficult. 26. Everyday/ My brother and I/ go/ school by bus. 27. We/ not/ buy those flowers. We/ think/ they/ not be/ beautiful. 28. We/ start work/ 7.30 everyday. 29. Our lessons/ finish/ 4.30 everyday. 30. I/ not like/ the Yes men around me. 31. First you/ say Yes/ then you/ say No. It/ be/ so difficult to understand you. 32. They/ know/ where Jack and David/ live. 33. I/ not know/ who/ be/ you? 34. They/ look at her/ then they/ smile. 35. The computers/ not be/ mine. 36. Where/ you/ want to go? -> I/ want to go to the market. 37. What/ they/ talk to you? -> They/ tell me about Jim. 38. You/ love/ me? 39. My brothers/ like Boxing very much. They always/ watch it on T.V in the evening. 40. My sisters/ cut the cake then they/ give me a small piece. 41. My brother and I/ live/ in Ho Chi Minh city.My brother/ not/ married and neither am I. 42. I/ usually/ get the bus to work. Sometimes/ I/ go/ motorbike. 43. You/ ever/ go to work/ car? • Give the correct form of verbs 1. We seldom (eat) before 6.30. 2. The sun (rise) in the East and (set) in the West 3. It (be) often hot in Summer. But now it (be) cold. 4. My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market. 5. Everyday, I and my brother (walk) to school because we (not/have) bicycle or motorbike. Our family (not/be) very rich. My father (be) an engineer, and he (work) for a construction company in Oxford. He (not/ go) home until the weekend. My mother (be) a nurse, she (be) always busy with her work at London hospital. Sometimes, she (work) at nights. We never (have) any holidays, because our parents (not/ have) free time. In summer, we usually (visit) our grandparents in Oxford, and of cousre, we (take) the train. It (be) slow but cheap. 6. Everyday, Mark (study) chess problems with his father the he (watch) some model games on T.V. He (play) chess all day and never (feel) bored. Unit 5 present continuous & simple past tense I. Vocabulary: body 1. head 11. nostril 21. elbow 31. chest 41. toenail 2. hair 12. chin 22. armpit 32. belly/stomach 42. toe 3. forehead 13. mouth 23. hand 33. navel 43. liver 4. eyebrow 14. lip 24. wrist 34. hip 44. kidney 5. eyelash 15. tooth 25. knuckle 35. leg 45. lung 6. eyelid/ eyeball 16. tongue 26. finger 36. thigh 46. heart 7. cheek 17. neck 27. fingernail 37. knee 47. blood 8. cheekbone 18. throat 28. palm 38. calf 48. nerve 9. dipmle 19. shoulder 29. waist 39. instep 49. skin 10. nose 20. arm 30. back 40. sole 50. pore II. grammar I. Give the correct verb forms: using past simple, simple present or present continuous tense. 1. Be quiet! The baby (sleep). 2. We sometimes (go) out for a dinner in a small restaurant. 3. Look! A man (run) after the train. He (want) (catch) it. 4. Look, dad! The cat (want) (catch) the mouse but the mouse (run) too fast. 5. Jack (be) usually at work at 7.30 but today he (stay) at home because he (be) ill. 6. I (do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think) that I (know) how to use it. 7. My father never (allow) us to play near his car. 8. It (rain) much in Summer. It (rain) now. 9. Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present, She always (cook) in the morning. 10. Hey, look! That (be) Tom. Oh, No, he (look) at the other street! 11. Where David and Rose (be) yesterday? 12. I (not / can / swim) when I (be) three but I (can / swim) now. 13. Yesterday afternoon, my teacher (ask) me a difficult question and I (not / can / answer). 14. Peter (speak) Spainish very well when he (be) in Spain. 15. You (like / talk) to people? 16. I (be / born) in nineteen sixty. 17. What time you (get) yesterday? 18. Yesterday my fatfer (drive) car to work but today he (go) by bus. 19. The film last night (be/ not) very interesting. 20. Why you (not/ buy) anything for her birthday? 21. The children ………………………… (play) outside now. 22. She usually ………………………. (read) the newspaper in the morning. 23. At this moment I (do)…… . an exercise on Present continous tense and I (think) I can (do) it well. 24. I ………………………… (eat) my dinner now. 25. ……………………………. (you / want) a pizza? 26. They …………………………… (watch) TV now. 27. I ……………………………. (not / like) spaghetti. 28. Keeps silent, Tommy! Your sister …………………………. (sleep)! 29. My mother usually …………………. (cook) dinner in the evening. 30. He …………………… (write) a letter to his pen-friend every month. 31. She ………………………. (not / like) football. 32. Mary ………………………… (listen) to music now. 33. Tom usually ………………(drink) coffee, but he …………………. (drink) tea now. 34. We ………………………. (go) to the disco tonight. 35. He ………………………… (go) to work by bus everyday. 36. Susan usually … (go) to school by bus, but now she …… (go) to school by train. 37. Mary often ……… (read) in bed, but today she is very tired and she ……. (not / read). 38. The boys usually (ride) their bikes to school. They (like / ride) their bikes. They (be) very naughty boys. They always (go) to school late. Today their teacher (be) very angry, because they (be) late again. 39. Mary (like / eat) sweets. Every morning she (have) coffee with a lot of sweets and chocolate. For lunch she and her friends often (eat) sweets or ice-cream. She (not / like / eat) fruit or vegetables. She (eat / never) eggs or cheese. Today she (be) sick. She (sleep) in her room now. 40. Look! Jane …………… (sing) again. She often ……………… (sing) this song. 41. The girls ……………… (not / talk) now. All of them ………… (watch) a film. 42. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds. 43. You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath. 44. He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea. 45. What she (do) in the evenings? ~She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV. 46. I won't go out now as it (rain) and I -(not have) an umbrella. 47. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30. 47. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him. 48. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her own clothes. 49. Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays. 50. I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. —Don't worry. I (not like) that set anyway. 51. I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong. 52. Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it. 53. I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the sitting room. 54. The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea? 55. You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? -I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end. 56. How you (get) to work as a rule? ~I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car. 57. Why you (put) on your coat? ~I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me? Yes, I'd love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog? 58. How much you (owe) him?-I (owe) him $5. ~You (intend) to pay him? II. Choose a word which the bold and underline part have different pronunciation from the others. 1. A. table B. far C. cofee bar D. apartment 2. A. oranges B. magazines C. houses D. watches 3. A. hour B. here C. hello D. house 4. A. a B. glass C. of D. water 5. A. mother B. there C. their D. thin 6. A. loves B. umbrellas C. apples D. books III. Fill in the gaps with a suitable words. David .…… . a bank manager and Rosa is a . in a large hospital. David .… up at 6.00 and.… a shower. He leaves home .… 8.00 and.… to work .… train. Rosa gets up at 9.30 because she … start work until 1 p.m. David finishes his… at 5.30 p.m and. … shooping in a supermarket … his bank. Then he.… . home and cooks. He eats alone … . the kitchen at 7.00 and then he usually……… . T.V .… the living room. Rosa [...]... 17 sugarcane 18 rice 19 wheat 20 oat 21 corn 22 oak 23 pine 24 grape 25 grapefruit 26 apple 27 pineapple 28 lemon 29 melon 30 watermelon 31 coconut 32 papaya 33 orange 34 berry 35 strawberry 36 pear 37 cherry 38 banana 39 date 40 mango 41 peanut 42 hazelnut 43 plum 44 peach 45 bamboo 46 47 48 1 Supply the correct verb tense 1 Rob Fellow (come) from England He (come) to Paris six months ago to learn... Thanh Cong factory A started B starts C will start D is going to start 11 She looks tired What/s the with her? A matter B happen C wrong D worry 12 .come to the meeting last night? - Because I was busy A Why did you B When will you C Why didn/t you 13 My brother doesn/t like pork and A either do I B neither do I C neither I do C I don/t too 14 What about .to dinner with me? A come B coming C to come... D do up 5 Give the correct verb forms: using Future tense 1 Im sure they (complete) the new road by June 2 He (wait) for you when you (get) back tomorrow 3 At this same time tomorrow, we (drive) through Pennsylvania 4 We (see) you next Monday 5 In two years from now, the contract (come) to an end 6 Who (look) after the children when you are away? 7 By November I (work) for this company for 6 years... 11 So far, no cure for the common cold and no medicine to prevent it (it is / there is / there are / they are) 12 People have all kinds of ideas about to prevent and treat colds (what/why/where/how) 13 say that you should avoid getting wet and chilled or you will catch cold (doctors/ dentists/ vets/ teachers) 14 You know by symptoms that you have a clod and you feel completely miserable (this /... hime (come) in Dont keep him (stand) at the door 55 Ill remember (send) you a card when I am in London 56 Id rather (earn) my living by (clean) the floor than (make) money by (blackmail) people Unit 10: comparision I Grammar 1 Equal comparisions S + be + as + adj + as + N (pro) S + V + as + adv + as + N (pro) S + V + the same + (N) + as + N (pro) The same as 2 Unequal comparisions The + comparative... very cold yesterday, so we couldnt go swimming 11 Stop talking or you wont understand the lesson 12 The boy is so young that he cant go to school Give the correct form of the verb in bracket 1 The teacher will be very angry if you do) your homework (not 2 If he I could help him (tell) me, 3 If you dont water the flowers, they (die) 4 If you didnt water the flowers, they (die) 5 I I had time (come)... child 24 How much butter / there / fridge / yesterday? You / eat all? 25 When / I/ come home yesterday, I / very hungry/ but / I / not/ have anything to eat V Give the correct verb forms Rita (live) (1) with her parents in Sao Paolo She (not/ go) (2) to school but (study) (3) cooking in a restaurant Rita (love)(4) (cook)(5) The manager of the restaurant (be) (6) a beautiful lady Everyday, Rita (go)... become, to seem, to look, to feel, to sound, etc (sau đó có thể là 1 danh từ hay 1 tính từ) E.x: The clouds look black./ He wants to become a teacher II Các hình thức cơ bản của động từ ( form of verbs ) 1 Động từ nguyên thể (infinitive): có thể có to (to-infinitive) hoặc kô (bare infinitive) 1.1 Bare infinitive: dùng trong những trờng hợp sau Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may, must, will, could... verbs ) 1 Động từ nguyên thể (infinitives) To-infinitives Chủ ngữ (sau appear, seem, be): E.x: To see Ronaldo is all what I desire & To love is to believe Bổ ngữ: E.x: Tommys greatest wish is to tell Josa his love Tân ngữ: E.x: I forget to bring you the umbrella * Đtừ nguyên thể thờng đợc dùng làm tân ngữ sau các đtừ sau: agree, arrange, ask, begin, care, choose, claim, come, continue, decide,... mind living here & Would you mind not smoking? 3 Some verbs taking inf or gerund without changing meaning 3.1 begin, start, continue, can/could bear, intend, cease+ V-ing/ to-inf (to-inf is more usual) E.x: He continued living/ to live above the shop 3.2 advise, allow, permit, recommend + V-ing/ to-inf E.x: He advised me to leave at once & They dont allow parking (the person is not entioned) 4 Some verbs . b.visits c.visited d.visiting 2. They enjoy ………………… stamps. a.collect b.to collect c.collected d.collecting 3. What was wrong……………….her? a. with b.of c.from. too 14. What about .to dinner with me? A. come B. coming C. to come D. comes 8. Fill in the missing article 1. Tim’s father bought him