Smithsonian physical tables (9th revised edition)

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Smithsonian physical tables (9th revised edition)

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Smithsonian Physical Tables Ninth Revised Edition Prepared by WILLIAM ELMER FORSYTHE Norwich, New York 2003 PREFACE T O THE N I N T H REVISED EDITION This edition of the Smithsonian Physical Tables consists of 901 tables giving data of general interest to scientists and engineers, and of particular interest to those concerned with physics in its broader sense The increase in size over the Eighth Edition is due largely to new data on the subject of atomic physics The tables have been prepared and arranged so as to be convenient and easy to use The index has been extended Each set of data given herein has been selected from the best sources available Whenever possible an expert in each field has been consulted This has entailed a great deal of correspondence with many scientists, and it is a pleasure to add that, almost without exception, all cooperated generously When work first started on this edition, Dr E U Condon, then director of the National Bureau of Standards, kindly consented to furnish any assistance that the scientists of that institution were able to give The extent of this help can be noted from an inspection of the book Dr Wallace R Brode, associate director, National Bureau of Standards, gave valuable advice and constructive criticism as to the arrangement of the tables D H Menzel and Edith Jenssen Tebo, Harvard University, Department of Astronomy, collected and arranged practically all the tables on astronomy A number of experts prepared and arranged groups of related data, and others either prepared one or two tables or furnished all or part of the data for certain tables Care has been taken in each case to give the names of those responsible for both the data and the selection of it A portion of the data was taken from other published sources, always with the.consent and approval of the author and publisher of the tables consulted Due credit has been given in all instances Very old references have been omitted Anyone in need of these should refer to the Eighth Edition It was our intention to mention in this preface the names of all who took part in the work, but the list proved too long for the space available We wish, however, to express our appreciation and thanks to all the men and women from various laboratories and institutions who have been so helpful in contributing to this Ninth Edition Finally, we shall be grateful for criticism, the notification of errors, and new data for use in reprints or a new edition W E FORSYTHE Astrophysical Observatory Smithsonian Institution January 1951 EDITOR’S N O T E The ninth edition of the Physical Tables was first published in June 19.54 I n the first reprint (1956), the second reprint (1959), and the third (1964) a few misprints and errata were corrected iii CONVERSION TABLE TABLE 1.-TEMPERATURE The numbers in boldface type refer to the temperature either in degrees Centigrade or Fahrenheit which it is desired to convert into the other sale If converting from degrees Fahrenheit to Centigrade, the equivalent will be be found in the column on the left, while if converting from degrees Centigrade to Fahrenheit the answer will be found in the columr! on the right - 559.4 to 28 / -273 -268 -262 -257 -251 -246 -240 -234 -229 -223 -218 -212 -207 -201 -196 -190 -184 -179 -173 -169 -168 -162 -157 -151 -146 -140 -134 -129 -123 -118 -112 -107 -101 - 95.6 - 90.0 29 to 140 -459.4 -450 -440 -430 -420 -410 -400 -390 -380 -370 -360 -350 -340 -330 -320 -310 -300 -290 -280 -273 -270 -260 -250 -240 -230 -220 -210 -200 -190 -180 -170 -160 -150 -140 -130 150 to a90 900 t o 1650 1660 to 2410 A r C ., -459.4 -454 -436 -418 -400 -382 -364 -346 -328 -310 -292 -274 -256 -238 -220 -202 -1.67 -1.11 -0.56 0.56 1.11 1.67 2.22 2.78 3.33 3.89 4.44 5.00 5.56 6.11 6.67 7.22 7.78 8.33 8.89 9.44 10.0 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.2 12.8 13.3 13.9 14.4 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.7 17.2 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 2420 to 3000 L F I L 84.2 86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2 95.0 96.8 98.6 100.4 102.2 104.0 105.8 107.6 109.4 111.2 113.0 114.8 116.6 118.4 120.2 122.0 123.8 125.6 127.4 129.2 131.0 132.8 134.6 136.4 138.2 140.0 141.8 143.6 145.4 F 'C 66 71 77 82 88 93 99 100 104 110 116 121 127 I32 138 143 149 154 160 16G 171 I77 182 I88 193 199 !04 210 216 221 !27 232 ?38 !43 !49 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 212 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 302 320 338 356 374 392 410 414 428 446 464 482 500 518 536 554 572 5% 608 626 644 662 680 698 716 734 752 770 788 806 824 842 860 878 896 c 482 488 493 499 504 510 516 521 527 532 538 543 549 554 560 566 571 577 582 588 593 599 604 610 616 621 627 632 638 643 649 654 660 666 671 F900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1652 1670 1688 17Ot 1724 1742 176C 1778 1796 1814 1832 185C 1868 1886 1904 1922 1940 1958 1976 1994 2012 2030 2048 2066 2084 21 02 2120 2138 2156 2174 2192 2210 2228 2246 2264 904 910 916 921 927 932 938 943 949 954 960 966 971 977 982 988 993 999 1004 1010 1016 1021 1027 1032 1038 1043 1049 1054 1060 1066 1071 1077 I082 1088 1093 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 302( 3031 30% 307d 309; 311( 3121 314 316' 318; 320( 321t 3236 3254 327; 32% 3301 3326 3344 3362 338C 3398 3416 3434 3452 3476 3488 3506 3524 3542 3560 3578 3596 3614 3632 ' 'c 1327 1332 1338 1343 1349 1354 1360 1366 1371 1377 1382 1388 1393 1399 1404 1410 1416 1421 1427 1432 1438 1443 1449 1454 1460 1466 1471 1477 1482 1488 1493 1499 I504 IS10 1516 2420 2430 2440 2450 2460 2470 2480 2490 2500 2510 2520 2530 2540 2550 2560 2570 2580 2590 2600 2610 2620 2630 2640 2650 2660 2670 2680 2690 2700 2710 2720 2730 2740 2750 2760 F 4388 4406 4424 4442 4464 4478 44% 4514 4532 4550 4568 4586 4604 4622 4640 4658 4676 4694 4712 4730 4748 4766 4784 4802 4820 4838 4856 4874 4892 4910 4928 4946 4964 4982 SO00 - 84.4 78.9 73.3 62.2 67.8 56.7 - 51.1 45.6 40.0 34.4 28.9 23.3 17.8 - 17.2 - 16.7 16.1 - 15.6 - 14.4 15.0 13.9 13.3 12.8 12.2 11.7 - 11.1 - 10.6 10.0 9.44 8.89 8.33 7.78 722 - 6.67 6.11 - 5.56 - 5.00 - 4.44 3.89 3.33 2.78 2.22 -120 -110 -100 90 - 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 - - - I0 17.8 18.3 18.9 19.4 20.0 20.6 -94 21.1 76 21.3 58 22.2 -40 22.8 22 23.3 - 23.9 14 24.4 32 33.8 25.0 35.6 25.6 37.4 26.1 39.2 26.7 41.0 27.2 42.8 27.8 44.6 28.3 46.4 28.9 48.2 29.4 50.0 30.0 51.8 30.6 53.6 31.1 55.4 31.7 572 32.2 59.0 32.8 60.8 33.3 62.6 33.9 64.4 34.4 66.2 35.0 68.0 35.6 69.8 36.1 716 36.7 739 37.2 75.2 37.8 77.0 43 78.8 49 80.6 54 82.4 60 -184 -166 -148 -130 -112 - 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 110 120 130 140 147.2 149.0 150.8 152.6 154.4 156.2 158.0 159.8 161.6 163.4 165.2 167.0 168.8 170.6 172.4 174.2 176.0 177.8 179.6 181.4 183.2 185.0 186.8 188.6 190.4 192.2 194.0 195.8 197.6 199.4 2012 254 260 266 271 277 282 288 293 299 304 310 316 321 327 332 338 343 349 354 360 366 37 377 382 388 393 399 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 471 477 10 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 Ptcr-red by Alfred Sauveur; uud by the kind permiuion of bfr Sanveur 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 203.0 204.8 206.6 208.4 210.2 212.0 230 248 266 284 404 410 416 421 427 432 438 443 449 454 460 466 914 677 932 682 950 688 968 693 986 699 1004 704 1022 710 1040 716 1058 721 1076 727 1094 732 1112 738 1130 743 1148 749 1166 754 1184 760 1202 766 1220 771 1238 777 1256 782 1274 788 1292 793 1310 799 1328 804 1346 810 1364 816 1382 821 1400 827 1418 832 1436 838 1454 843 1472 849 1490 854 1508 860 1526 866 1544 871 1562 877 1580 882 1598 888 1616 893 1634 899 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 2282 2300 2218 2336 2354 2372 2390 2408 2426 2444 2462 2480 2498 2516 2534 2552 2570 2588 2606 2624 2642 2660 2678 2696 2714 2732 2750 2768 2786 2804 2822 2840 2858 2876 2894 2912 2930 2948 2966 2984 3002 1099 1104 1110 1116 1121 1127 1132 1138 1143 1149 1154 1160 1166 1171 1177 1182 1188 1193 1199 1204 1210 1216 1221 1227 1232 1238 1243 1249 1254 1260 1266 1271 1277 1282 1288 1293 1299 1304 1310 1316 1321 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 2110 2120 2130 140 2150 2160 2170 2180 2190 2200 2210 2220 2230 2240 2250 2260 2270 2280 2290 2300 2310 2320 2330 2340 2350 2360 2370 2380 2390 2400 2410 3650 3668 3686 3704 3722 3740 3758 3776 3794 3812 3830 3848 3866 3884 3902 3920 3938 3956 3974 3992 4010 4028 4046 4064 4082 4100 4118 4136 4154 4172 4190 4208 4226 4244 4262 4280 4298 4316 4334 4352 4370 1521 1527 1532 1538 1543 1549 1554 1560 1566 1571 1577 1582 1588 1593 1599 1604 1610 1616 1621 1627 1632 1638 1643 1649 2770 2780 2790 2800 2810 2820 2830 2840 2850 2860 2870 2880 2890 2900 2910 2920 2930 2940 2950 2960 2970 2980 2990 3000 5018 5036 5054 5072 5090 5108 5126 5144 5162 5180 5198 5216 5234 5252 5270 5288 5306 5324 5342 5360 5378 5396 5414 5432 Interpolation factor# c 0.56 1.11 1.67 2.22 2.78 3.33 3.89 4.44 5.00 5.56 10 F 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.0 10.8 12.6 14.4 16.2 18.0 Contents (For detailed breakdown of tables, see index.) Front Matter Temperature Conversion Table (Table 1) Preface to the Ninth Revised Edition Introduction Units of Measurement Conversion Factors and Dimensional Formulae Some Fundamental Definitions (Table 2) Part Geometrical and Mechanical Units Part Heat Units Part Electrical and Magnetic Units Fundamental Standards (Table 3) Part Selection of Fundamental Quantities Part Some Proposed Systems of Units Part Electrical and Magnetic Units Part The Ordinary and the Ampere-turn Magnetic Units The New (1948) System of Electric Units (Table 6) Relative Magnitude of the Old International Electrical Units and the New 1948 Absolute Electrical Units (Table 5) Relative Values of the Three Systems of Electrical Units (Table 6) Conversion Factors for Units of Energy (Table 7) Former Electrical Equivalents (Table 8) Some Mathematical Tables (Tables 9-15) Treatment of Experimental Data (Tables 16-25) General Physical Constants (Tables 26-28) Common Units of Measurement (Tables 29-36) Constants for Temperature Measurement (Tables 37-51) The Blackbody and its Radiant Energy (Tables 52-57) Photometry (Tables 58-77) Emissivities of a Number of Materials (Tables 78-84) Characteristics of Some Light-source Materials, and Some Light Sources (Tables 85-102) Cooling by Radiation and Convection (Tables 103-110) Temperature Characteristics of Materials (Tables 111-125) Changes in Freezing and Boiling Points (Tables 126-129) Heat Flow and Thermal Conductivity (Tables 130-141) Thermal Expansion (Tables 142-146) Specific Heat (Tables 147-158) Latent Heat (Tables 159-164) Thermal Properties of Saturated Vapors (Tables 165-170) Heats of Combustion (Tables 171-183) Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials (Tables 184-209) Characteristics of Some Building Materials (Tables 210-217) i ii iii 1 4 10 13 13 15 16 18 19 20 20 21 22 23-36 37-45 46-55 56-69 70-78 79-86 87-97 98-101 102-111 112-116 117-130 131-135 136-144 145-154 155-164 165-167 168-178 179-186 187-228 229-231 Physical Properties of Leather (Tables 218-223) Values of Physical Constants of Different Rubbers (Tables 224-229) Characteristics of Plastics (Tables 233-236) Properties of Fibers (Tables 233-236) Properties of Woods (Tables 237-240) Temperature, Pressure, Volume, and Weight Relations of Gases and Vapors (Tables 241-253) Thermal Properties of Gases (Tables 254-260) The Joule-Thomson Effect in Fluids (Tables 261-267) Compressibility (Tables 268-280) Densities (Tables 281-295) Velocity of Sound (Tables 296-300) Acoustics (Tables 301-310A) Viscosity of Fluids and Solids (Tables 311-338) Aeronautics (Tables 339-346A) Diffusion, Solubility, Surface Tension, and Vapor Pressure (Tables 347-369) Various Electrical Characteristics of Materials (Tables 370-406) Electrolytics Conduction (Tables 407-415) Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Wire (Tables 416-428) Some Characteristics of Dielectrics (Tables 429-452) Radio Propagation Data (Tables 453-465) Magnetic Properties of Materials (Tables 466-494) Geomagnetism (Tables 495-512) Magneto-optic Effects (Tables 513-521) Optical Glass and Optical Crystals (Tables 522-555) Transmission of Radiation (Tables 556-573) Reflection and Absorption of Radiation (Tables 574-592) Rotation of Plane of Polarized Light (Tables 593-597) Media for Determinations of Refractive Indices with the Microscope (Tables 598-601) Photography (Tables 602-609) Standard Wavelengths and Series Relations in Atomic Spectra (Tables 610-624) Molecular Constants of Diatomic Molecules (Tables 625-625a) The Atmosphere (Tables 626-630) Densities and Humidities of Moist Air (Tables 631-640) The Barometer (Tables 641-648) Atmospheric Electricity (Tables 649-653) Atomic and Molecular Data (Tables 654-659) Abundance of Elements (Tables 660-668) Colloids (Tables 669-682) Electron Emission (Tables 683-689) Kinetic Theory of Gases (Tables 690-696) 232-233 234-238 239-240 241-245 246-258 259-267 268-277 278-281 282-290 291-305 306-308 309-317 318-336 337-353 354-374 375-396 397-403 404-420 421-433 434-450 451-467 468-502 503-508 509-534 535-548 549-556 557-560 561 562-567 568-585 586-591 592-595 596-605 606-613 614-617 618-624 625-629 630-634 635-637 638-624 Atomic and Molecular Dimensions (Tables 697-712) Nuclear Physics (Tables 713-730) Radioactivity (Tables 731-758) X-rays (Tables 759-784) Fission (Tables 785-793) Cosmic Rays (Tables 794-801) Gravitation (Tables 802-807) Solar Radiation (Tables 808-824) Astronomy and Astrophysics (Tables 825-884) Oceanography (Tables 885-899) The Earth's Rotation: Its Variation (Table 900) General Conversion Factors (Table 901) Index 643-650 651-671 672-691 692-705 706-709 710-713 714-718 719-727 728-771 772-779 780 781-785 787 lNTRODUCTION U N I T S OF MEASUREMENT The quantitative measure of anything is expressed by two factors-one, a certain definite amount of the kind of physical quantity measured, called the unit; the other, the number of times this unit is taken A distance is stated as meters The purpose in such a statement is to convey an idea of this distance in terms of some familiar or standard unit distance Similarly quantity of matter is referred to as so many grams ; of time, as so many seconds, or minutes, or hours The numerical factor definitive of the magnitude of any quantity must depend on the size of the unit in terms of which the quantity is measured For example, let the magnitude factor be for a certain distance when the mile is used as the unit of measurement A mile equals 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet The numerical factor evidently becomes 8,800 and 26,400, respectively, when the yard or the foot is used as the unit Hence, to obtain the magnitude factor for a quantity in terms of a new unit, multiply the old magnitude factor by the ratio of the magnitudes of the old and new units ; that is, by' the number of the new units required to make one of the old The different kinds of quantities measured by physicists fall fairly definitely into two classes In one class the magnitudes may be called extensive, in the other, intensive T o decide to which class a quantity belongs, it is often helpful to note the effect of the addition of two equal quantities of the kind in question If twice the quantity results, then the quantity has extensive (additive) magnitude For instance, two pieces of platinum, each weighing grams, added together weigh 10 grams; on the other hand, the addition of one piece of platinum at 100" C to another at 100" C does not result in a system at 200" C Volume, entropy, energy may be taken as typical of extensive magnitudes; density, temperature and magnetic permeability, of intensive magnitudes The measurement of quantities having extensive magnitude is a comparatively direct process Those having intensive magnitude must be correlated with phenomena which may be measured extensively In the case of temperature, a typical quantity with intensive magnitude, various methods of measurement have been devised, such as the correlation of magnitudes of temperature with the varying lengths of a thread of mercury Fundamental units.-It is desirable that the fewest possible fundamental unit quantities should be chosen Simplicity should regulate the choicesimplicity first, psychologically, in that they should be easy to grasp mentally, and second, physically, in permitting as straightforward and simple definition as possible of the complex relationships involving them Further, it seems desirable that the units should be extensive in nature I t has been found possible to express all measurable physical quantities in terms of five such units : first, geometrical considerations-length, surface, etc.-lead to the need of a length ; second, kinematical considerations-velocity, acceleration, etc.-introduce time ; third, mechanics-treating of masses instead of immaterial points-inSMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES troduces matter with the need of a fundamental unit of mass ; fourth, electrical, and fifth, thermal considerations require two more such quantities T h e discovery of new classes of phenomena may require further additions As to the first three fundamental quantities, simplicity and good use sanction the choice of a length, L, a time interval, T , and a mass, M F o r the measurement of electrical quantities, good use has sanctioned two fundamental quantities-the dielectric constant, K , the basis of the “electrostatic” system, and the magnetic permeability, p, the basis of the “electromagnetic” system Besides these two systems involving electrical considerations, there is in common use a third one called the “absolute” system, which will be referred to later F o r the fifth, or thermal fundamental unit, temperature is generally ch0sen.l Derived units.-Having selected the fundamental o r basic units-namely, a measure of length, of time, of mass, of permeability o r of the dielectric constant, and of temperature-it remains to express all other units for physical quantities in terms of these Units depending on powers greater than unity of the basic units are called “derived units.” Thus, the unit volume is the volume of a cube having each edge a unit of length Suppose that the capacity of some volume is expressed in terms of the foot as fundamental unit and the volume number is wanted when the yard is taken as the unit T h e yard is three times as long as the foot and therefore the volume of a cube whose edge is a yard is x x times as great as that whose edge is a foot T h u s the given volume will contain only 1/27 as many units of volume when the yard is the unit of length as it will contain when the foot is the unit To transform from the foot as old unit to the yard as new unit, the old volume number must be multiplied by 1/27, o r by the ratio of the magnitude of the old to that of the new unit of volume This is the same rule as already given, but it is usually more convenient to express the transformations in terms of the fundamental units directly I n the present case, since, with the method of measurement here adopted, a volume number is the cube of a length number, the ratio of two units of volume is the cube of the ratio of the intrinsic values of the two units of length Hence, if I is the ratio of the magnitude of the old to that of the new unit of length, the ratio of the corresponding units of volume is k Similarly the ratio of two units of area would be 12, and so on for other quantities CONVERSION FACTORS A N D D I M E N S I O N A L F O R M U L A E F o r the ratio of length, mass, time, temperature, dielectric constant, and permeability units the small bracketed letters, [ J , [ m ] , [ t ], [ 01, [ K ] , and [ p ] will be adopted These symbols will always represent simple numbers, but the magnitude of the number will depend on the relative magnitudes of the units the ratios of which they represent W h e n the values of the numbers represented by these small bracketed letters as well as the powers of them involved in any particular unit are known, the factor for the transformation is at once obtained Thus, in the above example, the value of was 1/3, and the power involved in the expression for volume was ; hence the factor for transforming from cubic feet to cubic yards was P o r 1/33 o r 1/27 These factors will be called conversion factors Because of its greater psychological and physical simplicity, and the desirability that the unit chosen should have extensive magnitude, it has been proposed to choose as the fourth fundamental quantity a quantity of electrical charge, e T h e standard units of electrical charge would then be the electronic charge For thermal needs, entropy has been proposed While not generally so psychologically easy to grasp as temperature, entropy is of fundamental importance in thermodynamics and has extensive magnitude (Tolman, R C., The measurable quantities of physics, Phys Rev., vol 9, p 237, 1917.) SMlTHSONlAN PHYSICAL TABLES T o find the symbolic expression for the conversion factor for any physical quantity, it is sufficient to determine the degree to which the quantities, length, mass, time, etc., are involved Thus a velocity is expressed by the ratio of the number representing a length to that representing an interval of time, or [ L / T ] ,and acceleration by a velocity number divided by an interval-of-time number, or [ L I T ]and , so on, and the corresponding ratios of units must therefore enter in precisely the same degree The factors would thus be for the just-stated cases, [Z/t] and [ / t ] Equations of the form above given for velocity and acceleration which show the dimensions of the quantity in terms of the fundamental units are called dimensional equations Thus [ E l = [ML2T-'] will be found to be the dimensional equation for energy, and [ M L T ]the dimensional formula for it These expressions will be distinguished from the conversion factors by the use of bracketed capital letters In general, if we have an equation for a physical quantity, Q = CLaMbTc, where C is a constant and L , M , T represent length, mass, and time in terms of one set of units, and it is desired to transform to another set of units in terms of which the length, mass, and time are L1,M , T ,we have to find the value of L,/L, M , / M , 1',/T, which, in accordance with the convention adopted above, will be 1, m, t, or the ratios of the magnitudes of the old to those of the new units Thus L,=Ll, M,=Mnz, T,=Tt, and if Ql be the new quantity number, Q l = CL,ahllbTIC, = CLalaMbmbTCtC= Qlambtc, or the conversion factor is [lambtc], a quantity precisely of the same form as the dimension formula [LaMbTC] Dimensional equations are useful for checking the validity of physical equations Since physical equations must be homogeneous, each term appearing in theni must be dimensionally equivalent For example, the distance moved by a uniformly accelerated body is s=n,t +atz The corresponding dimensional equation is [ L ]= [ ( L / T )1'3 [ ( L / T )T ] each , term reducing to [ L ] Dimensional considerations may often give insight into the laws regulating physical phenomena.2 For instance, Lord Rayleigh, in discussing the intensity of light scattered from small particles, in so far as it depends upon the wavelength, reasons as follows : + + The object is to compare the intensities of the incident and scattered ray; for these will clearly be proportional T h e number (i) expressing the ratio of the two amplitudes is a function of the following quantities:-V, the volume of the disturbing particle; r, the distance of the point under consideration from i t ; A, the wavelength; c , the velocity of propagation of light ; D and D', the original and altered densities : of which the first three depend only on space, the fourth on space and time, while the fifth and sixth introduce the consideration of mass Other elements of the problem there ar e none, except mere numbers and angles, which not depend upon the fundamental measurements of space, time, and mass Since the ratio i, whose expression we seek, is of no dimensions in mass, it follows a t once that D and D' occur only under the form D : D', which is a simple number and may therefore be omitted It remains to find how i varies with V ,r, A, c Now, of these quantities, c is the only one depending on time ; and therefore, as i is of no dimensions in time, c cannot occur in its expression W e are left, then, with V ,r, and A ; and from what we know of the dynamics of the question, we may be sure that i varies directly as V and inversely as Y , and must therefore be proportional t o V t A?, V being of three diBuckingham, E., Phys Rev., vol 4,p 345,1914 ; also Philos Mag., vol 42,p 696, 1921 Philos Mag., ser 4, voI 41, p 107, 1871 See also Robertson, Dimensional analysis, Gen Electr Rev., vol 33, p 207, 1930 SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES Index terms Links Temperature, Continued 1948 comparison with 1927 scale Kelvin old radiant Rankin Reaumur thermodynamic secondary points (1948) standard standard fixed points (see also Fixed points) thermocouple data true less brightness various places (monthly means) Wien equation, corresponding temperatures on 1948 scale Tenth-meter Terrestrial magnetism (see Geomagnetism) Thallium brome-iodide Thermal capacitance Thermal conduction vs temperature Thermal conductivity alloys cork cotton fireclay fourier various materials gases insulating materials leather liquids: as a function of pressure organic materials, various metals organic liquids plastics rocks, various rubber salt solutions substances, various water salt solutions woods wool Thermal emf (see Emf) Thermal expansion, coefficient of alloys crystals 70 71 74 9 9 70 71 75 99 99 726 72 71 72 515 114 138 139 139 141 144 144 142 139 233 143 142 136 139 141 138 142 239 136 140 140 136 136 141 142 136 140 140 145 149 152 879 Index terms Links Thermal expansion, coefficient of, Continued cubical elements gases leather liquids metals miscellaneous materials plastics rubber Thermal properties: gases liquid ammonia saturated steam saturated water superheated steam Thermal resistivity in fouriers Thermochemistry, various materials heat of formation Thermocouples, reference tables for chromel-alumel, °F iron-constantin, °C-°F platinum to platinum 10 percent, °C-°F Thermodynamic laws Thermodynamic temperature Thermodynamics Thermoelectric effect properties at low temperatures vs copper vs lead alloys metals pressure effect temperature vs platinum alloys aluminium cadmium 148 153 145 154 233 153 145 152 239 235 259 178 168 169 175 168 176 144 185 186 74 75 76 78 76 77 75 9 14 13 379 381 379 379 379 379 382 387 381 376 383 376-390 metals nickel zinc Thermomagnetic effects Thermometry: correction for emergent thread mercury thermometers reduction, gas thermometer to thermodynamic scale corrections for various gas thermometers Thomson effect, microvolt per degree Thomson heats pressure effects temperature 389 390 508 72 72 73 73 382 382 383 382 383 880 77 78 Index terms Links 614 779 779 779 779 779 779 728 14 130 130 657 126 Thunderstorm electricity (see also Lightning) Tides: height at various places mean sea level geodetic geographic neap spring Time, equation of unit Torque Transformation: eutectic mixtures lime-alumina-silica compounds of units Transformer rectifier Transitions, crystals Transmission of radiation: air components moist alum atmospheric transparency for ultraviolet cesium bromide color screens crystals dyestuff solutions gases glass Jena lead chloride optical red pyrometer glass effective wavelength light filters: Bausch and Lomb Corning glass narrow band pass spectral regions Wratten light through space long wavelength magnesium oxide optical crystals red pyrometer glass rock salt sapphire silver chloride solids substances, various sylvite thallium bromide thallium bromide-iodide thallium chloride 538 538 546 545 538 547 535 515 538 547 512 514 547 512 537 537 537 536 536 536 536 771 545 547 517 537 517 547 547 547 546 517 517 517 547 881 57 517 547 545 545 547 Index terms Links Transmission of radiation, Continued various materials water Transparency: atmospheric, for ultraviolet substances, various, infrared various, for long wavelengths ultraviolet, for atmospheric components water water vapor (steam) Transverse galvanomagnetic and thermomagnetic effects Treatment of experimental data (see under Data) Triboelectricity, series vs silica Trigonometric functions cosine cotangent sine tangent Tritium Triton Troy measurements Tnngsten (Wolfram), characteristics color temperature emissivity lamp melting point pressure radiation Twilight 554 556 536 538 546 555 538 536 545 507 375 375 32 32 32 32 32 654 654 63 64 102 102 103 99 106 72 119 102 731 66 654 657 187 188 Ultimate particles strength, materials Ultraviolet, transparency for atmospheric components Uniform point source Unit pole United States system of weights and measures metric to to metric Units: absolute ampere turn capacity carrying copper wires electrical mechanical physical specific inductive cgs changing 538 92 451 60 60 60 18 61 61 62 416 16 60 60-67 11 15 57 882 63 Index terms Links Units: absolute, Continued choice of common abbreviations spelling conversion (see Conversion factors) cubic defined (see under name of unit) derived dimensions electrical and magnetic geometric and heat different systems absolute, electric and magnetic (1948) relation to international (1927) ampere turns cgs electrical dimensional equations equivalents of discarded systems relative value of systems Gaussian heat dimensional equation flow international electrical magnetic units ampere turn Gauss Gilbert Maxwell Oersted ordinary pole practical some proposed MKS dimensional formulas use of dimensions electric absolute (1948) maintained vs international electromagnetic practical electrostatic energy established extensive former electrical equivalents 883 56 56 56 63 58 58 59 58 15 19 20 18 15 20 10 11 59 22 20 15 58 58 136 19 451 18 18 18 18 18 18 12 16 15 15 58 59 57 58 59 10 15 19 19 20 12 16 12 17 618 653 22 Index terms Links Units: absolute, Continued fundamental area capacity choice of dielectric constant dimensions heat length magnetic permeability mass number of temperature scale of 1948 time volume Gaussian system geometrical heat intensive legal definitions linear list of magnetic mass measurements numeric unit mechanical metric MKS number of numerically different photometric proposed systems radiant energy radiant wavelength relations among wire size units resistivity square transformation of Universe: abundance of elements cosmic rays mass density radiant energy Uranium: elements beyond americium berkelium californium 56 60 60 57 58 58 60 10 451 60 14 70 14 60 15 60 60 56 18 451 60 1 61 62 15 15 94 15 136 509 404 11 60 57 60 59 70 625 713 713 713 619 619 619 619 884 623 670 670 670 670 Index terms Links Uranium, Continued curium methods of producing neptunium plutonium radioactive properties Uranus 619 670 619 619 676 734 Valence electrons Value of e Van de Graff generator Van der Waal’s equation constants for different gases Vapor pressure: alcohol, ethyl methyl argon critical diffusion elements (some) ethyl alcohol gases (low temperature) hydrocarbons, light liquids organic mercury metals rate of evaporation methyl alcohol organic liquids rate of evaporation solutions of salts in water temperature effects Vaporization, latent heat of ammonia elements formula for liquids pressure variation water Vapors: density diffusion molecules mass velocity Velocity maximum of light in different materials (see under name of material) of sound: in gases 885 654 47 654 261 262 370 370 117 276 354 362 370 360 293 371 368 372 362 362 370 368 362 373 368 167 167 165 167 166 167 167 269 354 640 640 640 654 47 306 670 670 670 677 51 54 355 371 363 363 369 51 54 Index terms Links Velocity, Continued liquids sea water solids vapor Verdet’s constant: acids gases liquids salts in water solids Viscosity air alcohol-water mixtures boron trioxide castor oil temperature centipoise coefficient constants Couette correction definition equations dimensions dimethyl-siloxane polymers diopside-albite-anorthite fluids formulas gases and vapors pressure and temperature gasoline, with temperature glasses, with compositions with temperature glucose thermal effect glycerin-water mixtures glycerol in aqueous solution with temperature heavy water hydrocarbons pure ice glacier kerosene, with temperature kinematic unit liquefied gases and vapors liquids miscellaneous pressure effects pure lubricants oils, crank case 307 307 306 306 505 506 505 505 504 318 331 320 326 322 322 319 318 331 318 318 318 318 325 327 319 319 331 331 322 330 330 321 321 322 321 321 320 329 329 319 322 318 321 329 328 328 333 333 334 334 886 505 506 320 321 322 323 324 332 332 321 333 334 Index terms Links Viscosity, Continued metals, molten methods of measuring equations Meyer’s formula, constants molten metals oxides number of gases oils pressure organic liquids, temperature effect orthoclase-albite oxides, molten pitch pressure effects liquids silicon dioxide sodium silicates (temperature) solids equations Southerlands formula specific stoke temperature variation units of poise vapors Venice turpentine water: at high temperatures at low temperatures heavy water pressure water-alcohol mixture wax, shoemaker’s Volt Voltaic cells composition emf standard Volt-electron Volume gas, correction factor relative at various pressures glass vessel pressure relation: argon compounds gases metals nitrogen 327 318 318 331 327 326 331 328 328 323 325 326 319 328 328 325 324 319 319 331 318 321 322 318 318 319 319 320 319 320 334 320 319 20 377 377 377 378 654 60 260 261 68 117 286 261 119 118 887 319 334 333 323 324 325 326 321 319 286 Index terms Links Water: 360 360 606 71 169 283 153 295 296 298 296 48 297 302 302 304 425 439 354 143 396 119 161 632 671 320 602 602 530 399 167 462 638 118 302 304 638 119 119 606 671 295 296 283 168 absorption, gases vapors barometric pressure, column of water boiling point with pressure compressibility cubical expansion density free from air maximum water and alcohol ethyl methyl dielectric constant dielectric loss tangent diffusion of aqueous solution into diffusivity electrical resistivity freezing point, effect of pressure heat capacity heat of sorption heavy water, comparative properties viscosity humidity and wet-dry bulb temperature index of refraction ionization latent heat of vaporization, formula magnetic susceptibility mean free path melting temperatures, effect of pressure mixture, with alcohol, density molecules, diameter phases freezing point pressure of columns properties, heavy ordinary pure, free from air relative volume, different pressures saturated, thermal properties sea: absorption of light with wavelength chlorinity composition concentration of dissolved material density elements in evaporation 774 776 774 776 774 774 777 774 888 Index terms Links Water, Continued geochemistry osmotic pressure pH physical properties absorption of light chlorinity concentration pressure, osmotic vapor salinity transmission of radiation pressure resistivity salinity solids dissolved amount of yearly addition specific heat temperature vapor pressure vaporization velocity of sound in solubility: of gases in of salts in inorganic organic solution of salts in specific heat spreading surface tension thermal conductivity thermal properties total heat of vaporization transmission of radiation transparency vapor: coefficient of diffusion density diffusion of heat capacity index of refraction mean free path molecular diameter molecular velocities pressure in atmosphere at sea level saturated: pressure temperature weight transparency variation of dielectric constant 776 775 777 775 775 774 774 775 775 774 775 774 396 774 776 776 776 161 774 775 774 307 358 357 358 358 300 161 633 362 136 142 168 169 775 538 356 276 355 163 533 638 638 640 599 605 600 600 601 545 423 889 Index terms Links Water, Continued velocity of sound in viscosity weight of wet-dry bulb vapor pressure of salts in velocity of sound in Verdet's constant for viscosity effect of pressure effect of temperature volume, and density and temperature at temperature of maximum density free from air influence of pressure of glass vessel from its weight in water Watt Wavelength: cadmium red line conversion factor De Broglie elements, prominent lines in simple spectra extreme ultraviolet Fraunhofer lines Mercury198= primary standards sample spectra of some elements secondary standards (international) iron krypton, neon solar lines standard cadmium mercury tertiary standards, iron units ultraviolet Wave number absolute volt electron volt moment of inertia and band spectra one volt Waves at sea: earthquake fetch height vs fetch vs wind duration vs wind velocity length deep water shallow water 306 332 601 602 373 307 505 319 334 319 298 298 297 296 297 68 20 569 509 665 577 571 577 568 568 577 570 571 570 572 568 569 568 571 509 571 578 50 54 49 50 777 778 778 778 772 772 778 777 777 890 581 778 778 778 778 Index terms Links Waves at sea: earthquake, Continued sea surf swell height vs distance from source vs wind velocity: deep water shallow water Weighing: effect of the air reduction to vacuo Weight, calculated, various bodies Wet-dry bulb temperature and humidity Wien displacement constant Wien displacement law Wire (see also Copper): aluminum, properties of mass resistivity copper, properties of annealed characteristics of electric carrying capacity (safe) mass resistivity resistance, computing resistance to standard temperature temperature coefficient of resistance electrical and mechanical characteristics gages, comparison of high-frequency resistance calculations of conductors maximum diameter for high-frequency resistance ratio of 1.01 ratio of alternating to direct current resistance rope steel tables, comparison (gages) for computing resistances tubular conductors, resistance Wolf’s sunspot number Wolfram (see Tungsten) 778 778 778 772 778 777 777 69 69 27 602 80 80 415 404 406 408 408 408 416 404 417 407 404 408 405 417 417 419 417 419 420 419 216 216 405 416 418 727 654 693 693 693 693 692 696 696 X-rays absorption coefficients formulas constants critical K series L series 891 692 694 698 699 Index terms Links X-rays, Continued M series mass absorption calculated elements materials formula wavelengths, critical elements voltage characteristics, intensity wavelength dosage units lead thickness to reduce rate emission, characteristic, materials K series energy, radiated filters for obtaining monochromatic fluorescence, excited by materials wavelength generated ionization gas and vapors mass absorption formula nature production quantity protection against concrete distance vs voltage lead materials vs minimum thickness vs intensity requirement vs voltage for 400 kv pulsating for 1000 kv pulsating for 10 ma pulsating thickness vs voltage quantity, tungsten target safe rating of tubes spectrum limit terms, various elements tubes, safe operating types characteristics continuous spectrum wavelength limit 892 696 704 704 695 696 693 692 697 692 692 692 694 695 695 696 696 692 696 693 693 693 692 693 693 694 694 692 692 692 693 694 695 695 694 693 693 695 696 695 695 692 698 692 692 698 698 692 692 699 692 697 693 693 694 695 695 Index terms Links X-rays, Continued X-unit 692 692 701 693 696 697 699 700 698 700 697 692 509 Year: anomalistic light sidereal tropical Yearly means: magnetic characteristics solar constant sunspots temperature Yield point (materials) Young’s modulus 731 730 731 731 481 719 727 726 188 188 Zeeman effect Zero, absolute Zinc, physical properties 50 225 wavelength characteristic critical absorption for elements fluorescent K series, elements L series, elements M series (72Ta to 92 U) tungsten L series various elements various transitions voltage and 893 47 73 ... Dimensions (Tables 697-712) Nuclear Physics (Tables 713-730) Radioactivity (Tables 731-758) X-rays (Tables 759-784) Fission (Tables 785-793) Cosmic Rays (Tables 794-801) Gravitation (Tables 802-807)... (Tables 130-141) Thermal Expansion (Tables 142-146) Specific Heat (Tables 147-158) Latent Heat (Tables 159-164) Thermal Properties of Saturated Vapors (Tables 165-170) Heats of Combustion (Tables. .. 229-231 Physical Properties of Leather (Tables 218-223) Values of Physical Constants of Different Rubbers (Tables 224-229) Characteristics of Plastics (Tables 233-236) Properties of Fibers (Tables

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  • 000 - CC0BFBD19BA20E19799117DB4BCB99.pdf

    • Front Matter

      • Preface to the Ninth Revised Edition

      • Table 1. Temperature Conversion Table

    • Table of Contents

    • Index

  • 001 - CF6E1EB0397CFF3CFE9F02DA0909D1.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Preface to the Ninth Revised Edition

    • Table 1. Temperature Conversion Table

    • Table of Contents

    • Introduction

    • Tables 9-15. Some Mathematical Tables

    • Tables 16-25. Treatment of Experimental Data

    • Tables 26-28. General Physical Constants

    • Tables 29-36. Common Units of Measurement

    • Tables 37-51. Constants for Temperature Measurement

    • Tables 52-57. The Blackbody and its Radiant Energy

    • Tables 58-77. Photometry

    • Tables 78-84. Emissivities of a Number of Materials

    • Tables 85-102. Characteristics of Some Light-source Materials, and Some Light Sources

    • Tables 103-110. Cooling by Radiation and Convection

    • Tables 111-125. Temperature Characteristics of Materials

    • Tables 126-129. Changes in Freezing and Boiling Points

    • Tables 130-141. Heat Flow and Thermal Conductivity

    • Tables 142-146. Thermal Expansion

    • Tables 147-158. Specific Heat

    • Tables 159-164. Latent Heat

    • Tables 165-170. Thermal Properties of Saturated Vapors

    • Tables 171-183. Heats of Combustion

    • Tables 184-209. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials

    • Tables 210-217. Characteristics of Some Building Materials

    • Tables 218-223. Physical Properties of Leather

    • Tables 224-229. Values of Physical Constants of Different Rubbers

    • Tables 230-232. Characteristics of Plastics

    • Tables 233-236. Properties of Fibers

    • Tables 237-240. Properties of Woods

    • Tables 241-253. Temperature, Pressure, Volume, and Weight Relations of Gases and Vapors

    • Tables 254-260. Thermal Properties of Gases

    • Tables 261-267. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Fluids

    • Tables 268-280. Compressibility

    • Tables 281-295. Densities

    • Tables 296-300. Velocity of Sound

    • Tables 301-310. Acoustics

    • Tables 311-338. Viscosity of Fluids and Solids

    • Tables 339-346. Aeronautics

    • Tables 347-369. Diffusion, Solubility, Surface Tension, and Vapor Pressure

    • Tables 370-406. Various Electrical Characteristics of Materials

    • Tables 407-415. Electrolytics Conduction

    • Tables 416-428. Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Wire

    • Tables 429-452. Some Characteristics of Dielectrics

    • Tables 453-465. Radio Propagation Data

    • Tables 466-494. Magnetic Properties of Materials

    • Tables 495-512. Geomagnetism

    • Tables 513-521. Magneto-optic Effects

    • Tables 522-555. Optical Glass and Optical Crystals

    • Tables 556-573. Transmission of Radiation

    • Tables 574-592. Reflection and Absorption of Radiation

    • Tables 593-597. Rotation of Plane of Polarized Light

    • Tables 598-601. Media for Determinations of Refractive Indices with the Microscope

    • Tables 602-609. Photography

    • Tables 610-624. Standard Wavelengths and Series Relations in Atomic Spectra

    • Tables 625-625. Molecular Constants of Diatomic Molecules

    • Tables 626-630. The Atmosphere

    • Tables 631-640. Densities and Humidities of Moist Air

    • Tables 641-648. The Barometer

    • Tables 649-653. Atmospheric Electricity

    • Tables 654-659. Atomic and Molecular Data

    • Tables 660-668. Abundance of Elements

    • Tables 669-682. Colloids

    • Tables 683-689. Electron Emission

    • Tables 690-696. Kinetic Theory of Gases

    • Tables 697-712. Atomic and Molecular Dimensions

    • Tables 713-730. Nuclear Physics

    • Tables 731-758. Radioactivity

    • Tables 759-784. X-rays

    • Tables 785-793. Fission

    • Tables 794-801. Cosmic Rays

    • Tables 802-807. Gravitation

    • Tables 808-824. Solar Radiation

    • Tables 825-884. Astronomy and Astrophysics

    • Tables 885-899. Oceanography

    • Table 900. The Earth's Rotation: Its Variation

    • Table 901. General Conversion Factors

    • Index

  • 002 - A012E4ABB8E8FB8BAE50D058F25569.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Introduction

      • Units of Measurement

      • Conversion Factors and Dimensional Formulae

      • Table 2. Some Fundamental Definitions

        • Part 1. Geometrical and Mechanical Units

        • Part 2. Heat Units

        • Part 3. Electrical and Magnetic Units

      • Table 3. Fundamental Standards

        • Part 1. Selection of Fundamental Quantities

        • Part 2. Some Proposed Systems of Units

        • Part 3. Electrical and Magnetic Units

        • Part 4. The Ordinary and the Ampere-turn Magnetic Units

      • Table 4. The New (1948) System of Electric Units

      • Table 5. Relative Magnitude of the Old International Electrical Units and the New 1948 Absolute Electrical Units

      • Table 6. Relative Values of the Three Systems of Electrical Units

      • Table 7. Conversion Factors for Units of Energy

      • Table 8. Former Electrical Equivalents

    • Index

  • 003 - C3A5C316A045C773AC29F9718D61D7.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 9-15. Some Mathematical Tables

      • Table 9. Derivatives and Integrals

      • Table 10. Mathematical Series

      • Table 11. Mathematical Constants

      • Table 12. Factorials

      • Table 13. Formulas for Moments of Inertia, Radii of Gyration, and Weights of Various Shaped Solids

      • Table 14. Logarithms

      • Table 15. Circular (Trigonometric) Functions

    • Index

  • 004 - A927F9992515C683157CC3BA359C363.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 16-25. Treatment of Experimental Data

      • Table 16. Methods of Averaging Data

      • Table 17. Showing the Make-Up of the Constants of the Least- Squares Equation of the Type y =a + bx + cx2 + dx3 for Equations of Varying Degrees When the Abbreviated Method of Bailey and of Cox and Matuschak is Used

      • Table 18. Values of P

      • Table 19. Values of the Constants, Kn, Entering Least-Squares Solutions, Using the Abbreviated Method of Baily and of Cox and Matuschak, When the Number of Terms, n, is Odd

      • Table 20. Values of the Constants, Kn, Entering Least-Squares Solutions, Using the Abbreviated Method of Baily and of Cox and Matuschak, When the Number of Terms, n, is Even

      • Table 21. Values of ex and ex and e-x and their Logarithms

      • Table 22. Further Values of P

      • Table 23. Values of the Factor 0.6745 square root 1/n-1

      • Table 24. Values of the Factor 0.6745 square root 1/n(n-1)

      • Table 25. Least Squares

    • Index

  • 005 - ACAB760DAC81E7C6B048BF22A7C350.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 26-28. General Physical Constants

      • Table 26. General Physjcal Constants According to Birge

      • Table 27. Table of Least-Squares Adjusted Output Values of Physical Constants

      • Table 28. General Physical Constants According to Bearden and Associates

    • Index

  • 006 - FA83D0BCFB958480868F5BFD3BFB5B70.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 29-36.Common Units of Measurement

      • Table 29. Spelling and Abbreviations of the Common Units of Weight and Measure

      • Table 30. Dimensional Equations of Fundamental and Derived Units

      • Table 31. Fundamental Units of Length, Area, Volume, and Mass

      • Table 32. Tables for Converting U.S. Weights and Measures

      • Table 33. Equivalents of Metric and British Imperial Weights and Measures

      • Table 34. Volume of a Glass Vessel from the Weight of Its Equivalent Volume of Mercury or Water

      • Table 35. Effect of Air on Weighing

      • Table 36. Reductions of Densities in Air to Vacuo

    • Index

  • 007 - EEC086D529909BA842E914E56053DB8E.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 37-51. Constants for Temperature Measurement

      • Table 37. The International Temperature Scale of 1948

      • Table 38. Fundamental and Primary Fixed Points Under the Standard Pressure of 1013250 Dynes/Cm2

      • Table 39. Differences Between the International Temperature Scales of 1948 and 1927 in the Thermocouple Range

      • Table 40. Corresponding Temperatures on the International Temperature Scales of 1948 and 1927

      • Table 41. Secondary Fixed Points

      • Table 42. Corresponding Temperatures on the International Temperature Scale of 1948 and Results Using Wien's Equation

      • Table 43. Correction for Temperature of Emergent Mercurial Thermometer Thread

      • Table 44. Stem Correction for Centigrade Thermometer

      • Table 45. Reduction of Gas Thermometers to Thermodynamic Scale

      • Table 46. Some Old Thermoelectric Temperature Scales

      • Table 47. Reference Table for Pt to Pt-10 Percent Rh Thermocouple

      • Table 48. Reference Table for Pt to Pt-10 Percent Rh Thermocouple

      • Table 49. Corresponding Values of Temperature and Electro-Motive Force for Iron-Constantan Thermocouples

      • Table 50. Corresponding Values of Temperature and Electro-Motive Force for Iron-Constantan Thermocouples

      • Table 51. Standard Fahrenheit Table for Chromel-Alumel Thermocouples

    • Index

  • 008 - 90B0877C8A90F34188A99D845513517.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 52-57. The Blackbody and Its Radiant Energy

      • Table 52. Symbols and Defining Expressions for Radiant Energy

      • Table 53. Radiation Constants

      • Table 54. Radiation in Ergs (W X 10n) and Gram-Calories (W' X 10n) Per Cm2 Per Sec, for 2Pi Solid Angle, from a Perfect Radiator at t from -270C to +56C and for T from 300K to 5500K

      • Table 55. Calculated Spectral Intensities J lambda for a Range of Wavelengths for a Blackbody of Unit Area for a Range of Temperatures from 50K to 25,000K

      • Table 56. Blackbody Spectral Intensities

      • Table 57. Changes Due to a Change in c2

    • Index

  • 009 - F3532B1C4C41584254CC2CCC41CF2CB.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 58-77. Photometry

      • Table 58. The Eye as a Measuring Instrument for Radiation

      • Table 59. Relative Luminosity Data for Various Field Brightnesses

      • Table 60. Blanchard's Data Relating Instantaneous Threshold to Field Brightness

      • Table 61. The Sensibility of the Eye

      • Table 62. Minimum Energy Necessary to Produce the Sensation of Light

      • Table 63. Apparent Diameter of Pupil and Flux Density at Retina

      • Table 64. Miscellaneous Eye Data

      • Table 65. Distribution Coefficients for Equal-Energy Stimulus

      • Table 66. Relative Magnitude of Units of Illumination

      • Table 67. Visual Range of White Lights

      • Table 68. The Brightness of the Sun

      • Table 69. Some Obsolete Photometric Standards

      • Table 70. Photometric Definitions and Units

      • Table 71. Relative Magnitudes of Units of Brightness

      • Table 72. The Waidner-Burgess Standard of Light Intensity

      • Table 73. Cymbols and Defining Expressions for Photometry

      • Table 74. Apparent Candlepower of Disk or Line Source at Various Distances

      • Table 75. Spectra Luminous Intensities

      • Table 76. Brightness of Blackbody, Crova Wavelength, Mechanical Equivalent of Light, Luminous Intensity, and Luminous Efficiency of Blackbody

      • Table 77. Optical Pyrometer

    • Index

  • 010 - B0B3987EC243A162255E976EDB3C4A4D.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 78-84. Emissivities of a Number of Materials

      • Table 78. Normal Spectral Emissivities for Some Elements and Alloys

      • Table 79. Corrections in C to Add to Brightness Temperature Readings, for Different Emissivity, to Obtain the True Temp

      • Table 80. Computation of Total Emissivity Values for Various Glass Samples at Low Temperatures

      • Table 81. Relative Emissivities for Total Radiation

      • Table 82. Total Emissivity Values of Various Materials at Low Temperatures

      • Table 83. Percentage Emissivities of Metals and Oxides

      • Table 84. Total Radiation from Bare and Soot-Covered Nickel

    • Index

  • 011 - F99BA76C41575375F17F763F223BC6.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 85-102. Characteristics of Some Light-Source Materials, and Some Light Sources

      • Table 85. Characteristics of Tungsten

      • Table 86. Radiation and Other Properties of Tantalum

      • Table 87. Radiation and Other Properties of Molybdenum

      • Table 88. Relation Between Brightness Temperature and Color Temperature for Various Substances

      • Table 89. Color Minus Briqhtness Temperature for Carbon

      • Table 90. Relative Blue Brightness, B, and Brightness in Candles Per Cm2 C, of Some Incandescent Oxides at Various Red (0.665m) Brightness Temperatures, S

      • Table 91. Color Temperature, Brightness Temperature, and Brightness of Various Illuminants

      • Table 92. Characteristics of Some Carbon Arcs

      • Table 93. Efficiencies of Some Early Incandescent Lamps of About 60-Watt Size

      • Table 94. Increase in Tungsten Lamp Efficiency Over a Period of Years

      • Table 95. Temperature and Efficiency of Some Tungsten-Filament Lamps

      • Table 96. Some Characteristics of Fluorescent Chemicals

      • Table 97. Engineering Data on Some Lamps of the Integral, All-Glass Sealed Beam Type

      • Table 98. Mercury Arcs

      • Table 99. Characteristics of Some Fluorescent Lamps

      • Table 100. Characteristics of Typical Photoflash Lamps

      • Table 101. Physical and Electrical Characteristics of Flashtubes and Flashlamps Designed Primarily for Photographic Applications

      • Table 102. Color of Light Emitted by Various Sources

    • Index

  • 012 - 5AFDA6DC29A498169DE57B117CE83C83.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 103-110. Cooling by Radiation and Convection

      • Table 103. At Ordinary Pressures

      • Table 104. At Different Pressures

      • Table 105. Cooling of Platinum Wire in Copper Envelope

      • Table 106. Effect of Pressure on Loss of Heat at Different Temperatures

      • Table 107. Conduction of Heat Across Air Spaces (Ordinary Temperatures)

      • Table 108. Convection of Heat in Air at Ordinary Temperatures

      • Table 109. Convection and Conduction of Heat by Gases at High Temperatures

      • Table 110. Heat Losses from Incandescent Filaments

    • Index

  • 013 - B893A721A37BF79F255C5610EBC1EB.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 111-125. Temperature Characteristics of Materials

      • Table 111. Melting and Boiling Points of the Chemical Elements

      • Table 112. Melting Parameters of Argon

      • Table 113. Melting Temperatures in C for a Number of Liquids as a Function of Pressure

      • Table 114. Volume-Pressure Relation for Argon

      • Table 115. Melting Parameters of Nitrogen

      • Table 116. Volume-Pressure Relation for Nitrogen

      • Table 117. Effect of Pressure on Melting Point

      • Table 118. Effect of Pressure on Freezing of Water

      • Table 119. Effect of Pressure on Boiling Point

      • Table 120. Densities and Melting and Boiling Points of Inorganic Compounds

      • Table 121. Densities and Melting and Boiling Points of Organic Compounds

      • Table 122. Melting Point of Mixtures of Metals

      • Table 123. Melting Point C of Low-Melting-Point Alloys

      • Table 124. Reversible Transitions in Crystals

      • Table 125. Transformation and Melting Temperatures of Lime-Alumina-Silica Compounds and Eutectic Mixtures

    • Index

  • 014 - 6824E87643D21373C4BE5B4B5FA18.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 126-129. Changes in Freezing and Boiling Points

      • Table 126. Lowering of Freezing Points by Salts in Solution

      • Table 127. Rise of Boiling Point Produced by Salts Dissolved in Water

      • Table 128. Freezing Mixtures

      • Table 129. Antifreezing Solutions

    • Index

  • 015 - BAAB89EE2539F4EC561D569CA2E47.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 130-141. Heat Flow and Thermal Conductivity

      • Table 130. Conversion Factors between Units of Heat Flow

      • Table 131. Thermal Conductivity of Various Substances

      • Table 132. Thermal Conductivity of Water and Salt Solutions

      • Table 133. Conversion Factors between Units of Heat Flow for Different Gradients

      • Table 134. Thermal Conductivity, Metals and Alloys

      • Table 135. Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Materials

      • Table 136. Thermal Conductivity of Various Substances

      • Table 137. Thermal Conductivity of Organic Materials and Water

      • Table 138. Thermal Conductivity of Gases

      • Table 139. Diffusivities

      • Table 140. Thermal Conductivity-Liquids, Pressure Effect

      • Table 141. Thermal Resistivities at 20C Expressed in Fouriers for a cm3

    • Index

  • 016 - 818DEFE1BECAD3AEA15B16E96F856D0.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 142-146. Thermal Expansion

      • Table 142. Expansion of the Elements

      • Table 143. Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion of Some Alloys

      • Table 144. Coefficients of Linear Thermal Expansion of Some Miscellaneous Materials

      • Table 145. Cubical Expansion of Liquids

      • Table 146. Thermal Expansion of Gases

    • Index

  • 017 - DF8EE1D5EB3F99FDEAB359897DC1A9.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 147-158. Specific Heat

      • Table 147. Specific Heat of the Chemical Elements

      • Table 148. Formulae for True Specific Heats

      • Table 149. Heat Capacities, True and Mean Specific Heats, and Latent Heats at Fusion

      • Table 150. Specific Heat of Various Solids

      • Table 151. Atomic Heats (50 K), Specific Heats (50 K), Atomic Volumes of the Elements

      • Table 152. Specific Heat of Water and Mercury

      • Table 153. Specific Heat of Various Liquids

      • Table 154. Specific Heat of Liquid Ammonia Under Saturation Conditions

      • Table 155. Heat Content of Saturated Liquid Ammonia

      • Table 156. Specific Heat of Minerals and Rocks

      • Table 157. Heat Capacity of Gases and Vapors

      • Table 158. Specific Heat of Silicates

    • Index

  • 018 - 6252A7E3A9B2FF2D3017668D1CCAAF4D.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 159-164. Latent Heat

      • Table 159. Latent Heat of Fusion and Vaporization

      • Table 160. Latent Heat of Vaporization of Elements

      • Table 161. Latent Heat of Vaporization of Liquids

      • Table 162. Latent and Total Heat of Vaporization, Formulae

      • Table 163. Latent Heat of Vaporization of Ammonia

      • Table 164. "Latent Heat of Pressure Variation" of Liquid Ammonia

    • Index

  • 019 - DF9CAADA79FD5BA4056C3D1D4CD2316.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 165-170. Thermal Properties of Saturated Vapors

      • Table 165. Thermal Properties of Saturated Water and Steam

      • Table 166. Properties of Saturated Steam

      • Table 167. Properties of Saturated Steam

      • Table 168. Properties of Superheated Steam

      • Table 169. Properties of Mercury Vapor

      • Table 170.Properties of Liquid Ammonia

    • Index

  • 020 - B8D56A8459FA68CB1B21907065B5996B.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 171-183. Heats of Combustion

      • Table 171. Combustion Constants of Some Substances

      • Table 172. Flame Temperatures as Measured by Various Methods

      • Table 173. Heats of Combustion of Some Carbon Compounds

      • Table 174. Heats of Combustion of Miscellaneous Compounds

      • Table 175. Heat Values and Analyses of Various Fuels

      • Table 176. Nonflammable Liquids for Cryostats

      • Table 177. Data on Explosives

      • Table 178. Time of Heating for Explosive Decomposition

      • Table 179. Chemical and Physical Properties of Five Different Classes of Explosives

      • Table 180. Thermochemistry. Chemical Energy Data

      • Table 181. Ignition Temperatures of Gaseous Mixtures

      • Table 182. Heats of Neutralization in Kilogram Calories

      • Table 183. Heats of Dilution of H2SO4

    • Index

  • 021 - AE2FDB212F35BD7B77360A63A9CD3C1.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 184-209. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Materials

      • Table 184. Industrial Woven-Wire Screens

      • Table 185. Some Physical Properties of the Elements

      • Table 186. Mechanical Properties of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys

      • Table 187. Mechanical Properties of Brasses and Bronzes

      • Table 188. Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys

      • Table 189. Copper Wire Specification Values

      • Table 190. Copper Wire-Medium Hard-Drawn

      • Table 191. Copper Wire-Soft or Annealed

      • Table 192. Mechanical Properties of Iron and Steel

      • Table 193. Steel Wire-Specification Values

      • Table 194. Steel Wire-Experimental Values

      • Table 195. Plow-Steel Hoisting Rope (Bright)

      • Table 196. Steel-Wire Rope-Specification Values

      • Table 197. Steel-Wire Rope-Experimental Values

      • Table 198. Mechanical Properties of Miscellaneous Alloys

      • Table 199. Physical Properties of Some Special-Purpose Alloys

      • Table 200. Mechanical Properties of Tungsten and Zinc

      • Table 201. Low-Melting Alloys

      • Table 202. Mechanical Properties of White Metal Bearing Alloys (Babbitt Metal)

      • Table 203. Rigidity Modulus for a Number of Materials

      • Table 204. Variation of the Rigidity Modulus with the Temperature

      • Table 205. Interior Friction at Low Temperatures

      • Table 206. Ratio, rho, of Transverse Contraction to Longitudinal Extension Under Tensile Stress

      • Table 207. A Scale of Hardness Based Upon the Relative Hardness of Selected Materials

      • Table 208. Relative Hardness

      • Table 209. Relative Hardness of the Elements (Means)

    • Index

  • 022 - A16162A878C0611BF144453616B41.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 210-217. Characteristics of Some Building Materials

      • Table 210. Properties of Masonry Mortars

      • Table 211. Compressive and Tensile Strength of Concretes Made with Various Types of Cements

      • Table 212. Effect of Quantity of Mixing Water on Strength of Concrete

      • Table 213. Comparison of Strength and Elastic Properties of Concrete

      • Table 214. Effect of Entrained Air on Compressive Strength of Concrete

      • Table 215. Weighted Average Strength and Water Absorption for Hard and Salmon Bricks Made in U.S.A.

      • Table 216. Ultimate Strengths of Brick Masonry

      • Table 217. Strength and Stiffness of American Building Stone

    • Index

  • 023 - D7F218A94A5D489D484F077EDE8CBD.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 218-223. Physical Properties of Leather

      • Table 218. Tensile Strength and Elongation of Leather

      • Table 219. Diffusion Constants of Water Vapor Through Leather, as Fractions of the Diffusion Constant through Air (20C)

      • Table 220. Real and Apparent Densities of Leather (70F and 65 Percent, Relative Humidity)

      • Table 221. Coefficient of Cubical Expansion of Leather

      • Table 222. Effect of Relative Humidity of Atmosphere at 21C on Properties of Leather

      • Table 223.Thermal Conductivity of Leather

    • Index

  • 024 - B752E38E3A9DCE2FA5474269E528C9.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 224-229. Values of Physical Constants of Different Rubbers

      • Table 224. Properties of Natural Rubber (Hevea)

      • Table 225. Properties of GR-S (Hydrocarbon of about 23.5 Percent Bound Styrene Content)

      • Table 226. Properties of Neoprene (Chlorobutadiene Polymer)

      • Table 227. Properties of GR-1 (Butyl Rubber, Isobutene-Isoprene Copolymer)

      • Table 228. Compression of Rubber

      • Table 229. Compression of Synthetic and Natural Rubbers

    • Index

  • 025 - 357E54AE6593F4FC747E264B95A2772.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 230-232. Characteristics of Plastics

      • Table 230. Characteristics of a Number of Plastics

      • Table 231. Properties of Some Optical Plastics

      • Table 232. General Properties of Optical Plastics

    • Index

  • 026 - 46B644FC929A519F4DBEAFB23E1DD28.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 233-236. Properties of Fibers

      • Table 233. Physical Properties of Natural Fibers

      • Table 234. Physical Properties of Resin and Rayon Fibers

      • Table 235. Physical Properties of Miscellaneous Fibers

      • Table 236. Mechanical Properties of Fiber Ropes

    • Index

  • 027 - 1C2D9288AF661279D285A2DBFA398E.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

      • Tables 237-240. Properties of Woods

      • Table 237. Mechanical Properties of Hardwoods Grown in United States

      • Table 238. Mechanical Properties of Soft Woods Grown in United States

      • Table 239. Density in g/cm3 and in Ib/ft3 of Different Kinds of Wood

      • Table 240. Density (g/cm3) of Some Foreign Woods on the American Market

    • Index

  • 028 - 74DEC0E6275E8755911DE6E38B474A6.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 241-253. Temperature, Pressure, Volume, and Weight Relations of Gases and Weight Relations of and Vapors

      • Table 241. Simple Gas Laws

      • Table 242. Volume Conversions, Factor Z, for High Pressures

      • Table 243. Relative Gas Volumes at Various Pressures

      • Table 244. Van Der Waal's Constants for Imperfect Gases

      • Table 245. Correcting Factors: Saturated Gas Volume to Volume at 760 mmHg and 0C

      • Table 246. Compressibility of Gases

      • Table 247. Relative Volumes for O, Air, N, and H at Various Pressures and Temperatures

      • Table 248. Relative Values of pv for Ethylene

      • Table 249. Relative Values of pv for Carbon Dioxide

      • Table 250. Compressibility of Sulfur Dioxide

      • Table 251. Compressibility of Ammonia

      • Table 252. Compressibility of Gases Under High Pressures

      • Table 253. Gage Pressure (Ib/in2) to Atmospheres (Absolute)

    • Index

  • 029 - 4DCBE1C87A2C58DF3FB69FBE170B3.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 254-260. Thermal Properties of Gases

      • Table 254. Properties of Molecular Hydrogen

      • Table 255. Density of Gases and Vapors

      • Table 256. Thermal Properties of Dry Air (Ideal Gas State)

      • Table 257. Thermal Properties of Molecular Nitrogen (Ideal Gas State)

      • Table 258. Thermal Properties of Molecular Oxygen (Ideal Gas State)

      • Table 259. Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities of Gases

      • Table 260. Conversion Factors for Various Pressure Units

    • Index

  • 030 - 878BEF22AFB57EE1EA1D7AA6DD884774.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 261-267. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Fluids

      • Table 261. The Joule-Thomson Effect on Air (Water and Carbon Dioxide Free)

      • Table 262. The Joule-Thomson Effect on Helium

      • Table 263. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Argon

      • Table 264. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Nitrogen

      • Table 265. The Joule-Thomson Effect on Mixtures of Helium and Argon

      • Table 266. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Carbon Dioxide

      • Table 267. The Joule-Thomson Effect in Mixtures of Helium and Nitrogen

    • Index

  • 031 - 2E233246BC20CCF75BE2776834631D60.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 268-280. Compressibility

      • Table 268. Compressibility of Liquids

      • Table 269. Relative Volumes of Water for Different Pressures

      • Table 270. Relative Volumes of Ether for Different Pressures

      • Table 271. Compressibility of Solids

      • Table 272. Compressibility and Thermal Expansion of Petroleum Oils

      • Table 273. Compressibility of the Elements

      • Table 274. Variation (DeltaV/V0) of the Volume of a Number of Metals with Pressure

      • Table 275. Variation of the Volume (DeltaV/V0) for a Number of Compounds with Pressure for Two Temperatures

      • Table 276. Compressibility of Crystals

      • Table 277. Relative Volume of Quartz Crystals and Six Glasses for Different Pressures

      • Table 278. Compressibility of Glasses

      • Table 279. Specific Gravities Corresponding to the Baum Scale

      • Table 280. Degrees API Corresponding to Specific Gravities 60/60 F

    • Index

  • 032 - C3896A569B52EF9E9DFB205FAD1D650.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 281-295. Densities

      • Table 281. Density of the Elements, Liquid or Solid

      • Table 282. Density in g/cm3 and Ib/ft3 of Various Solids

      • Table 283. Density in g/cm3 and Ib/ft3 of Various Alloys

      • Table 284. Physical Properties of Some Light Hydrocarbons

      • Table 285. Density of Various Natural and Artificial Minerals

      • Table 286. Density of Liquids

      • Table 287. Density of Pure Water Free from Air, 0 to 41C

      • Table 288. Volume in cm3 at Various Temperatures of a cm3 of Water Free from Air at the Temperature of Maximum Density, 0 to 36C

      • Table 289. Influence of Pressure on Volume of Water

      • Table 290. Density and Volume of Water -10 to +250C

      • Table 291. Density and Volume of Mercury -10 to +360C

      • Table 292. Density of Aqueous Solutions

      • Table 293. Density of Mixtures of Ethyl Alcohol and Water in g/ml

      • Table 294. Density of Aqueous Mixtures of Methyl Alcohol, Cane Sugar, or Sulfuric Acid

      • Table 295. Density, Brix, and Baum Degrees, of Cane-Sugar Solutions

    • Index

  • 033 - 42F9382AE25D4C809BFB0B2EB28B6E1.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 296-300. Velocity of Sound

      • Table 296. Velocity of Sound in Gases

      • Table 297. Velocity of Sound in Solids

      • Table 298. Velocity of Sound in Liquids

      • Table 299. Velocity of Sound in Sea Water

      • Table 300. Velocity of Sound in Sea Water - Depth = 0

    • Index

  • 034 - A6111A4C2DDDA6D6703640682412D8.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 301-310A. Acoustics

      • Table 301. Relative Power and Frequency of Occurrence of Vowel and Consonant Sounds

      • Table 302. Sound Levels of Noise in Various Locations

      • Table 302A. Speech Power

      • Table 303. Peak Power of Musical Instruments

      • Table 304. Characteristic Resonance Values of Spoken Vowels

      • Table 305. Approximate Range of Fundamental Frequency on Orchestral Instruments

      • Table 306. Frequency Ratios and Intervals for Just and Equally Tempered Scales

      • Table 307. Frequencies of the Tones of the Usual Equally Tempered Scale, Arranged by Corresponding Piano Key Numbers, and Calculated According to American Standard Pitch

      • Table 308. Pressure Field Around the Human Head During Speech

      • Table 309. Sensitivity of the Ear

      • Table 309A. Distribution of Loss of Hearing Acuity

      • Table 310. Architectural Acoustic

      • Table 310A. Optimum Reverberation Time

    • Index

  • 035 - 46F8C723DBAE2AD2E9BA2C5B9E391CC7.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 311-338. Viscosity of Fluids and Solids

      • Table 311. Viscosity of Water in Centipoises

      • Table 312. Viscosity of Alcohol-Water Mixtures in Centipoises

      • Table 313. Viscosity of Glucose

      • Table 314. Viscosity and Density of Glycerol in Aqueous Solution at 20C

      • Table 315. Viscosity and Density of Castor Oil

      • Table 316. Viscosity of Glycerine-Water Mixtures

      • Table 317. Viscosity of Gasoline and Kerosene in Centipoises

      • Table 318. Viscosity of Organic Liquids

      • Table 319. Viscosity of Sodium Silicates

      • Table 320. Viscosity of Dimethysiloxane Polymers

      • Table 321. Viscosity in the System Orthoclase-Albite

      • Table 322. Viscosity of Silicon Dioxide

      • Table 323. Viscosity of Miscellaneous Molten Oxides

      • Table 324. Viscosity of Boron Trioxide

      • Table 325. Viscosity in the System Diopside-Albite-Anorthite

      • Table 326. Viscosity of Molten Metals

      • Table 327. Viscosity of Miscellaneous Liquids

      • Table 328. Ratio of Viscosity at High to That at Atmospheric Pressure

      • Table 329. Viscosity of Liquefied Pure Gases and Vapors

      • Table 330. Viscosity of Pure Hydrocarbons

      • Table 331. Viscosity of Glass

      • Table 332. Viscosity of Gases

      • Table 333. Viscosity of Gases and Vapors

      • Table 334. Pressure Effect on Viscosity of Pure Liquids

      • Table 335. Viscosity of Oils

      • Table 336. Effect of Pressure Upon Viscosity

      • Table 337. Lubricants

      • Table 338. Friction

    • Index

  • 036 - AE8681819082E282CF4E8013F556939E.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 339-346A. Aeronautics

      • Table 339. Dynamic Pressure at Different Air Speeds

      • Table 340. Forces on Thin Flat Plates at Angles to the Wind

      • Table 340A. Values of Drag Coefficient C for Flat Plates of Different Aspect Ratio Normal to the Wind (a=90)

      • Table 340B. Forces on Nonrotating Circular Cylinders

      • Table 340C. Forces on Spheres

      • Table 341. Forces on Miscellaneous Bodies

      • Table 341A. Skin Friction on Flat Plates

      • Table 342. Standard Atmosphere

      • Table 343. Properties of the Standard Atmosphere

      • Table 344. Properties of the Tentative Standard-Atmosphere Extension

      • Table 345. Compressible Flow Tables for Air

      • Table 346. Relation between Mach Number and Various Flow Parameters

      • Table 346A. Forces on Airfoils at Angles to the Wind

    • Index

  • 037 - 13093A43CDBCC59F5FB4E5966F5F.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 347-369. Diffusion, Solubility Surface Tension and Vapor Pressure

      • Table 347. Diffusion of an Aqueous Solution into Pure Water

      • Table 348. Diffusion of Vapors

      • Table 349. Coefficients of Diffusion for Various Gases and Vapors

      • Table 350. Diffusion of Metals into Metals

      • Table 351. Solubility of Inorganic Salts in Water

      • Table 352. Solubility of a Few Organic Salts in Water

      • Table 353. Solubility of Gases in Water

      • Table 354. Change of Solubility Produced by Uniform Pressure

      • Table 355. Commonly Used Organic Solvents

      • Table 356. Absorption of Gases and Vapors by Liquids

      • Table 357. Vapor Pressure of Some Elements

      • Table 358. Surface Tension of Liquids

      • Table 359. Surface Tension of Solutions of Salts in Water

      • Table 360. Surface Tension of Liquids

      • Table 361. Surface Tension of Liquids at Solidifying Point

      • Table 362. Vapor Pressure and Rate of Evaporation

      • Table 363. Evaporation of Metals

      • Table 364. Vapor Pressure of Organic Liquids

      • Table 365. Vapor Pressure at Low Temperatures

      • Table 366. Vapor Pressure of Ethyl Alcohol

      • Table 367. Vapor Pressure of Methyl Alcohol

      • Table 368. Vapor Pressure of a Number of Liquids

      • Table 369. Vapor Pressure of Solutions of Salts in Water

    • Index

  • 038 - ABFE9655DF777E4B33855E354FC9FE0.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 370-406. Various Electrical Characteristics of Materials

      • Table 370. The Effect of Electric Current on the Human Body

      • Table 371. Triboelectricity

      • Table 372. Contact Difference of Potential in Volts

      • Table 373. Thermal Electromotive Force of Aluminum Versus Platinum

      • Table 374. Composition and Electromotive Force of Voltaic Cells

      • Table 375. Difference of Potential between Metals in Solutions of Salts

      • Table 376. Thermoelectric Effect of Alloys

      • Table 377. Thermoelectric Effect

      • Table 378. Thermal Electromotive Force of Metals and Alloys Versus Platinum

      • Table 379. Thermoelectric Properties at Low Temperatures

      • Table 380. Peltier Effect, Fe-Constantan, Ni-Cu, 0 - 560C

      • Table 381. Thomson Effect in Microvolts Per Degree

      • Table 382. Thermoelectric Effects; Pressure Effects

      • Table 383. Peltier and Thomson Heats; Pressure Effects

      • Table 384. Thermal Electromotive Force of Cadmium Versus Platium

      • Table 385. Peltier Effect

      • Table 386. Resistivity of Metals and Some Alloys

      • Table 387. Some Elements Arranged in Order of Increasing Resistivity (ohm-cm8 x 10-4, 20C)

      • Table 388. Thermal Electromotive Force of Platllnum-Rhodium Alloys Versus Platinum

      • Table 389. Effect of Tension on the Resistance of Metals

      • Table 390. Variation of the Electrical Resistance with Pressure for Two Temperatures of a Number of Metals

      • Table 391. Relative Electrical Resistance with Pressure for Two Temperatures of a Number of Metals

      • Table 392. Thermal Electromotive Force of Nickel Versus Platinum

      • Table 393. Average Pressure Coefficients of Electrical Resistance up to 7000 kg/cm2 as a Function of Temperature

      • Table 394. Resistivity of Mercury and Manganiin Under Pressure

      • Table 395. Thermal Electromotive Force of Zinc Versus Platinum

      • Table 396. Conductivity and Resistivity of Miscellaneous Alloys

      • Table 397. Electrical Conductivity of Alloys

      • Table 398. Resistivities at High and Low Temperatures

      • Table 399. Superconductivity of Some Metals

      • Table 400. Superconductivity of Some Alloys and Compounds

      • Table 401. Volume and Surface Resistance of Solid Dielectrics

      • Table 402. Electrical Receptivity of Some Oxides and Miscellaneous Minerals

      • Table 403. Electrical Receptivity of Rocks and Soils

      • Table 404. Resistivity of Soils and Sea Water Measured with High-Frequency Alternating Current

      • Table 405. Electrical Resistivity of Natural Waters

      • Table 406. Resistivity of Some Glasses at Three Temperatures

    • Index

  • 039 - 8DF63975A02B785FBE40853B1F251847.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 407-415. Electrolytic Conduction

      • Table 407. Conductivity of Electrolytic Solutions

      • Table 408. Temperature Coefficients of Conductivity

      • Table 409. Specific Molecular Conductivity of Solutions

      • Table 410. Limiting Values of , the Specific Molecular Conductivity

      • Table 411. The Equivalent Conductivity of the Separate Ions

      • Table 412. Hydrolysis of Ammonium Acetate And Ionization of Water

      • Table 413. The Equivalent Conductivity of Salts, Acids, and Bases in Aqueous Solutions

      • Table 414. The Equivalent Conductivity of Some Additional Salts in Aqueous Solution

      • Table 415. Electrochemical Equivalents

    • Index

  • 040 - 133C325631EEE0364E765DEBD35B5E.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 416-428. Electrical and Mechanical Characteristics of Wire

      • Table 416. Introduction to Wire Tables; Mass and Volume Receptivity of Copper and Aluminum

      • Table 417. Tabular Comparison of Wire Gages

      • Table 418. Temperature Coefficients of Copper for Different Initial Temperatures (Centigrade) and Different Conductivities

      • Table 419. Reduction of Observations to Standard Temperature (Copper)

      • Table 420. Wire Table, Standard Annealed Copper American Wire gage (B. & S.)

      • Table 421. Wire Table, Standard Annealed Copper American Wire Gage (B. & S.). Metric Units

      • Table 422. Wire Table, Aluminum Hard-Drawn Aluminum Wire at 20C (68F) American Wire Gage (B. & S.). English Units

      • Table 423. Wire Table, Aluminum Hard-Drawn Aluminum Wire at 20C (68F) American Wire Gage (B. & S.). Metric Units

      • Table 424. Auxiliary Table for Computing Wire Resistances

      • Table 425. Safe Current-Carrying Capacity of Copper Wire, for Different Conditions, in Amperes Per Conductor

      • Table 426. The Calculation of the High-Frequency Resistance of Conductors

      • Table 427. Ratio of Alternating to Direct Current Resistances for Copper Wires

      • Table 428. Maximum Diameter of Wires for High-Frequency Resistance Ratio of 1.01

    • Index

  • 041 - C1A0E9608AE3BB93817F4A38A6E5F49.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 429-452. Some Characteristics of Dielectrics

      • Table 429. Steady Potential Difference in Volts Required to Produce a Spark in Air with Ball Electrodes (Radius R)

      • Table 430. Alternating-Current Potential Required to Produce a Spark in Air with Various Ball Electrodes

      • Table 431. Potential Necessary to Produce a Spark in Air between More Widely Separated Electrodes

      • Table 432. Effect of the Pressure of the Air on the Dielectric Strength

      • Table 433. Potentials in Volts to Produce a Spark in Kerosene

      • Table 434. Dielectric Strength of Materials

      • Table 435. Dielectric Constant (Specific Inductive Capacity) of Gases

      • Table 436. Variation of the Dielectric Constant with the Temperature

      • Table 437. Variation of the Dielectric Constant of Gases with the Pressure

      • Table 438. Dielectric Constant of Liquids (K). Pressure Effect

      • Table 439. Dielectric Constant of Liquids

      • Table 440. Dielectric Constant of Liquids

      • Table 441. Dielectric Constant of Liquefied Gases

      • Table 442. Dielectric Constant of Rocks

      • Table 443. Dielectric Constant of Solids

      • Table 444. Electrostriction

      • Table 445. Standard Solutions for the Calibration of Apparatus for the Measuring of Dielectric Constant

      • Table 446. Dielectric Constant of Minerals

      • Table 447. The Dielectric Properties of Nonconductors

      • Table 448. Values of Dielectric Constant for Several Electric Insulating Materials at Radio Frequencies

      • Table 449. Comparison of Electrical Properties of Insulating Materials at Room Temperature

      • Table 450. Dielectric Constant of Crystals

      • Table 451. Piezoelectricity

      • Table 452. Values for Power Factor in Percent for Several Electrical Insulating Materials at Radio Frequencies

    • Index

  • 042 - 6E63D41F774B4AA6F59E4E0CEA17B9.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 453-465. Radio Propagation Data

      • Table 453. Dielectric Constant of Nonpolar Gases

      • Table 454. Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent of Dielectric Materials

      • Table 455. Dielectric Constant and Conductivity of Soils

      • Table 456. Electric Dipole Moments

      • Table 457A. Attenuation Coefficients for Very Low Frequency Radio Propagation

      • Table 457B. Attenuation in High Frequency Propagation Over Long Distances

      • Table 458. E-Layer Maximum Usable Frequencies in Mc for 2,000-km Transmission Distance

      • Table 459. Transmission Factors

      • Table 460. Attenuation of Microwaves by Water Vapor in the Atmosphere (in db/km)

      • Table 461. F2-Layer Critical Frequencies and Maximum Usable Frequencies for 4,000-km Transmission Distance in Mc

      • Table 462. Factors for Obtaining F2-Layer MUF, and Combined E, F-Layer MUF at Other Distances, from F2-4,000 km MUF

      • Table 463. Calculated Attenuation of Microwaves by Rain (db/km)

      • Table 464. Attenuation of Millimeter Waves by Atmospheric Oxygen (db/km)

      • Table 465. Extraterrestrial Radio Frequency Radiation

    • Index

  • 043 - 6A28CEDBB69B0FA423697F9043500.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 466-494. Magnetic Properties of Materials

      • Table 466. Definitions, Basic Equations, and General Discussion

      • Table 467. Magnetic Properties of Various Types of Iron and Steel

      • Table 468. Magnetic Properties of Electrical Sheets

      • Table 469. Magnetic Properties of Iron in Very Weak Fields

      • Table 470. Typical Data for Magnetic Materials

      • Table 471. Magnetic Properties of Some Alloys B & H Measured in cgs Units

      • Table 472. Special Transformer Sheet

      • Table 473. Maximum Core Losses in Electrical Steel Sheets

      • Table 474. Magnetic Properties of Metals

      • Table 475. Effect of Temperature on Permeability of Nickel-Iron Alloy (47-50 Ni)

      • Table 476. Heusler Magnetic Alloys

      • Table 477. Permeability of Some Specimens of Iron and Steel

      • Table 478. Magnetic Properties of Soft Iron at 0 and 100C

      • Table 479. Magnetic Properties of Steel at 0 and 100C

      • Table 480. Energy Losses in Transformer Steels

      • Table 481. Energy Losses in Transformer Steels

      • Table 482. Dissipation of Energy in the Cyclic Magnetization of Various Substances

      • Table 483. Curie Constant and Temperature for Paramagnetic Substances

      • Table 484. Temperature Effect (C) on Susceptibility of Diamagnetic Elements

      • Table 485. Temperature Effect (C) on Susceptibility of Paramagnetic Elements

      • Table 486. Magnetic Susceptibility of Some Materials

      • Table 487. Temperature Variation of Resistance of Bismuth in Transverse Magnetic Field (C)

      • Table 488. Increase of Resistance of Nickel Due to a Transverse Magnetic Field, Expressed as % of Resistance at 0C and H=0

      • Table 489. Change of Resistance of Various Metals in a Transverse Magnetic Field

      • Table 490. Magnetic Properties of Iron and Steel

      • Table 491. Cast Iron in Intense Fields

      • Table 492. Corrections for Ring Specimens

      • Table 493. Composition and Magnetic Properties of Iron and Steel

      • Table 494. Demagnetizing Factors for Rods

    • Index

  • 044 - 8D35B123C31AA852E855E4F2AE87073.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 495-512. Geomagnetism

      • Table 495. Elements of the Earth's Magnetic Field

      • Table 496. The First Eight Gauss Coefficients of the Earth's Magnetic Potential (V) Expressed in Units of 10-4 cgs

      • Table 497. Spherical Harmonic Coefficients of the Average Annual Secular Variation Expressed in Units of 10-5 cgs

      • Table 498. Coordinates of North Magnetic Pole

      • Table 499. Coordinates of South Magnetic Pole

      • Table 500. Dip or Inclination, United States

      • Table 501. Secular Change of Dip, United States

      • Table 502. Secular Change of Magnetic Declination in the United States

      • Table 503. Hourly Departure of Magnetic Declination from Normal

      • Table 504. Horizontal Magnetic Intensity, United States

      • Table 505. Secular Change of Horizontal Intensity, United States

      • Table 506. Vertical Magnetic Intensity, United States

      • Table 507. Secular Change of Vertical Intensity, United States

      • Table 508. Total Magnetic Intensity, United States

      • Table 509. Secular Change of Total Intensity, United States

      • Table 510. Mean Annual Values of Magnetic Elements at Observatories

      • Table 511. Geomagnetic Coordinates of Position on the Earth Referred to the Geomagnetic Axis Pole of 1922 for Points in Various Geographical Locations

      • Table 512. Magnetic and Electric Data for Sun and Earth

    • Index

  • 045 - C8739F9FE9D3882AC567162B503D51A4.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 513-521. Magneto-Optic Effects

      • Table 513. Dispersion of Kerr Effect

      • Table 514. Verdet's Constant

      • Table 515. Verdet's Constant for Solutions of Acids and Salts in Water (lambda=0.589)

      • Table 516. Verdet's Constant for Some Gases

      • Table 517. Verdet's and Kundt's Constants for Some Materials

      • Table 518. Values of Kerr's Constant

      • Table 519. Transverse Galvanomagnetic and Thermomagnetic Effects

      • Table 520. Dispersion of Kerr Effect

      • Table 521. Variation of Hall Constant with the Temperature

    • Index

  • 046 - A6C19384C58FF470347C42666747212A.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 522-555. Optical Glass and Optical Crystals

      • Table 522. Radiation Wavelength Units

      • Table 523. Characteristics of American-Made Optical Glasses

      • Table 524. Characteristics of Some Optical Glasses Made at the National Bureau of Standards

      • Table 525. Index of Refraction of Eastman Kodak Co. Nonsilica Glasses (1949)

      • Table 526. Transmission of Optical Glass

      • Table 527. Changes with Temperature in Absolute Index of Refraction (n) at 20C for a Number of Glasses

      • Table 528. Index of Refraction of Glasses Made by Schott and Genoessen, Jena

      • Table 529. Change of Indices of Refraction for 1C in Units of the Fifth Decimal Place

      • Table 530. Transmission of Radiation by Jena Glasses

      • Table 531. Some Artificial Optical Crystals

      • Table 532. nD, Dispersion and Density of Jena Glasses

      • Table 533. Index of Refraction of Quartz (SiO2), 15C

      • Table 534. Index of Refraction of Rock Salt in Air

      • Table 535. Index of Refraction of Sylvite (Potassium Chloride) in Air

      • Table 536. Index of Refraction of Potassium Bromide (22C)

      • Table 537. Index of Refraction of Nitroso-Dimethyl-Aniline (Wood)

      • Table 538. Refractive Index of Silver Chloride (AgCl) at 23.9C

      • Table 539. Index of Refraction of Fluorite (CaF2) in Air

      • Table 540. Refractive Indices of Lithium Fluoride at 23.6C

      • Table 541. Index of Refraction of Iceland Spar (CaCO3) in Air

      • Table 542. Index of Refraction for Various Alums

      • Table 543. Index of Refraction of Selected Monorefringent or Isotropic Minerals

      • Table 544. Index of Refraction of Miscellaneous Monorefringent or Isotropic Solids

      • Table 545. Index of Refraction of Miscellaneous Uniaxial Crystals

      • Table 546. Index of Refraction of Selected Uniaxial Minerals

      • Table 547. Index of Refraction of Miscellaneous Liquids, Liquified Gases, Oils, Fats, and Waxes

      • Table 548. Index of Refraction of Selected Biaxial Minerals

      • Table 549. Index of Refraction of Miscellaneous Biaxial Crystals

      • Table 550. Specific Gravity, Coefficient of Expansion, and Stain Class of Optical Glass

      • Table 551. Index of Refraction of Some Liquids Relative to Air

      • Table 552. Indices of Refraction for Solutions of Salts and Acids Relative to Air

      • Table 553. Index of Refraction of Air (15C, 76 cmHg)

      • Table 554. Index of Refraction of Gases and Vapors

      • Table 555. Physical Properties of Some Special Glasses

    • Index

  • 047 - 30F148165114601716DACEFECC715B68.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 556-573. Transmission of Radiation

      • Table 556. Color Screens

      • Table 557. Light Filters, Narrow Spectrum Regions

      • Table 558. Narrow Band Pass Filters

      • Table 559. Transparency of Water

      • Table 560. Some Bausch & Lomb Light Filters

      • Table 561. Spectral Transmission of Some Red Pyrometer Glasses

      • Table 562. The Effective Wavelength of Corning 50-Percent Red Pyrometer Glass 5 mm Thick for Some Temperature Intervals

      • Table 563. Ultraviolet Transparency of Atmospheric Components

      • Table 564. Transmission of Dyestuff Solutions of "Adjusted" Concentrations

      • Table 565. Transparency of Various Substances

      • Table 566. Transparency of Water Vapor (steam)

      • Table 567. Transmission of Radiation Through Moist Air (percent)

      • Table 568. Infrared Transmission of Various Substances (percent)

      • Table 569. Infrared Transmission, in Percent, of a Number of Materials

      • Table 570. Infrared Transmission of Gases (percent)

      • Table 571. Infrared Transmissions of Solids (percent)

      • Table 572. Infrared Reflection of Solids (percent)

      • Table 573. Absorption of Various Materials Used for Blackening Receivers for Measuring Radiation of Different Wavelengths

    • Index

  • 048 - 984EE58EC14186DFA7938DE1D94315.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 574-592. Reflection and Absorption of Radiation

      • Table 574. Radiation Reflected When i = 0 or Incident Light is Normal to Surface = (n-1)2/(n+1)2

      • Table 575. Radiation Reflected When n = 1.55

      • Table 576. Reflecting Factor of powders (White Light)

      • Table 577. Variation of Reflecting Factor of Surfaces with Angle (Relative Values)

      • Table 578. Ultraviolet Reflecting Factor of Some Metals

      • Table 579. Percentage Reflection from Metals, Violet End of Spectrum

      • Table 580. Percentage Reflecting Factor of Dry Powdered Pigments

      • Table 581. Infrared Diffuse Percentage Reflecting Factors of Dry Pigments

      • Table 582. Reflecting Factor of Metals

      • Table 583. Long-Wave Absorption by Gases

      • Table 584. Reflecting Factor of Building Materials

      • Table 585. Reflection and Transmission of Various Materials for Very Long Wavelengths

      • Table 586. Transparency of Black Absorbers

      • Table 587. Relative Reflectivity of Snow, Sand , and Other Materials

      • Table 588. Percentage Diffuse Reflection from Miscellaneous Substances

      • Table 589. Infrared Reflectivity of Tungsten

      • Table 590. Restrahlung Bands from Various Materials

      • Table 591. Infrared Reflecting Factor of Various Materials

      • Table 592. Infrared Transmission of Various Materials

    • Index

  • 049 - 605F9DB1FB9851E161C40B72F83E256.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 593-597. Rotation of Plane of Polarized Light

      • Table 593. Tartaric Acid, Camphor, Santonin, Santonic Acid, Cane Sugar

      • Table 594. Sodium Chlorate; Quartz

      • Table 595. Reflecting Factor of Metals (See Table 584)

      • Table 596. Optical Constants of Metals

      • Table 597. Optical Constants of Metals (additional data)

    • Index

  • 050 - 5E9DF361C4F5472AC3A91196D6460B3.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 598-601. Media for Determinations of Refractive Indices with the Microscope

      • Table 598. Liquids, nD (0.589) = 1.74 to 1.78

      • Table 599. Resinlike Substances, nD (0.589) = 1.68 to 2.10

      • Table 600. Permanent Standard Resinous Media, nD (0.589) = 1.546 to 1.682

      • Table 601. Substances, nD = 1.39 to 1.75

    • Index

  • 051 - 536C3EBA66D511826D585D7FA1B1915A.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 602-609. Photography

      • Table 602. Sensitometric Constants of Type Plates and Films, Definitions

      • Table 603. Formulas for Developers

      • Table 604. Sensitometric Constants of Type Plates and Film

      • Table 605. Comperison of Nuclear and Optical Emulsions

      • Table 606. Resolving Power and Edge Gradient Values

      • Table 607. Relative Photographic Efficiency of Illuminants

      • Table 608. Spectral Sensitivity of Photographic Materials

      • Table 609. Nuclear Track Plate Specifications

    • Index

  • 052 - CB638F9125D3B0B748AD8CA69D91C3D6.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 610-625A. Standard Wavelengths and Series Relations in Atomic Spectra

      • Table 610. Preliminary Values of Hg Wavelengths in Angstroms

      • Table 611. Neon Secondary Standard Wavelengths in Angstroms

      • Table 612. Values of the Wavelength of the Cadmium Red Line in Terms of the International Meter (Unit = 1x10 -10 m)

      • Table 613. Resultant S Values and Term Multiplicities

      • Table 614. Krypton Secondary Standard Wavelengths in Angstroms

      • Table 615. J Values for Levels in Tems Having Odd and Even Multiplicities

      • Table 616. Terms from Nonequivalent Electrons

      • Table 617. Iron Secondary Standards of Wavelength in Angstroms

      • Table 618. Standard Solar Wavelengths Measured in Air at 15C and 1 Atmosphere Pressure

      • Table 619. Wavelengths (in Angstroms) and Relative Intensities of Prominent Lines in Simple Spectra

      • Table 620. Wavelengths of Fraunhofer Lines

      • Table 621. L Values and Spectral Terms Resulting from Two Electrons

      • Table 622. Terms from Equivalent Electrons

      • Table 623. Spectroscopic Properties of Neutral Atoms

      • Table 624. Spectroscopic Properties of Singly-Ionized Atoms

      • Table 625. Molecular Constants of Diatomic Molecules

      • Table 625A. Molecular Constants for the Ground States of Diatomic Molecules

    • Index

  • 053 - D57779BAA5A3A5BF21C29C897318148.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 626-630. The Atmosphere

      • Table 626. Composition of the Air Near Ground Level

      • Table 627. Composition of the Atmosphere Up to the F2 Layer, Latitude 45

      • Table 628. Standard Atmosphere

      • Table 629. Values of Atmospheric Temperature, Pressure, and Density Up to the F2 Layer

      • Table 630. Values of Atmospheric Temperature, Pressure, and Density Above the F2 Layer (Calculated)

    • Index

  • 054 - E2E3151944DA6E32589A4213BFCE28FA.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 631-640. Densities and Humidities of Moist Air

      • Table 631. Relative Density of Moist Air for Different Pressures and Humidities

      • Table 632. Density of Moist Air, Values of 0.378p

      • Table 633. Maintenance of Air at Definite Humidities

      • Table 634. Pressure of Aqueous Vapor in the Atmosphere

      • Table 635. Pressure of Saturated Water Vapor for Various Conditions of Temperature and Surroundings

      • Table 636. Weight in Grams of a Cubic Meter of Saturated Aqueous Vapor

      • Table 637. Weight in Grains of a Cubic Foot of a Saturated Aqueous Vapor

      • Table 638. Relative Humidity for Various Pressures and Dry-Bulb Temperatures

      • Table 639. Relative Humidity, Wet and Dry Thermometers

      • Table 640. Pressure of Aqeous Vapor in the Atmosphere: Sea Level

    • Index

  • 055 - D4A4BD787F4D7182112B0707245CCD.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 641-648. The Barometer

      • Table 641. Pressure of Columns of Mercury and Water

      • Table 642. Correction of the Barometer for Capillarity

      • Table 643. Volume of Mercury Meniscus in mm3

      • Table 644. Constant alpha for Reduction of Barometric Height to Standard Temperature

      • Table 645. Reduction of Barometer to Standard Gravity for Different Heights

      • Table 646. Reduction of Barometer to Standard Gravity

      • Table 647. Reduction of Barometer to Standard Gravity

      • Table 648. Determination of Heights by the Barometer

    • Index

  • 056 - B23995F49BE6472DA5B6E26EA1DCE0B2.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Table 649-653. Atmospheric Electricity

      • Table 649. Thunderstorm Electricity

      • Table 650. Elements and Constants of Atmospheric Electricity

      • Table 651. Ionic Equilibrium in the Atmosphere

      • Table 652. Charge on Rain and Snow

      • Table 653. Atmospheric-Electric Data

    • Index

  • 057 - B530892A1873B08FB55871161ADB5917.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 654-659. Atomic and Molecular Data

      • Table 654. Conversion Factors for Units of Molecular Energy

      • Table 655. International Atomic Weights

      • Table 656. Atomic Numbers

      • Table 657. Periodic System of the Elememts

      • Table 658. Electron Configurations of the Elements, Normal States

      • Table 659. Radii, in Angstrom Units, of the Electronic Orbits of Lighter Elements

    • Index

  • 058 - 5AC4579E9FE34C4979428B16A3B5390.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 660-668. Abundance of Elements

      • Table 660. Elemental Abundances in the Universe

      • Table 661. Abundance of Elements in our Planet Given in Percentage by Weight

      • Table 662. Chemical Composition of Earth - Meteorites and Solar Atmosphere

      • Table 663. Cosmic Abundances of the Rare Gases

      • Table 664. 66 Known Elements in the Sun's Atmosphere

      • Table 665. Abundances of Light Elements in Early Type Stars

      • Table 666. Gases in Interstellar Space

      • Table 667. The Abundance of Certain Elements in the Nebulae

      • Table 668. Matter in Interstellar Space

    • Index

  • 059 - 5A95D9A4B024E27C5A1657BFC3D93F28.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 669-682. Colloids

      • Table 669. Brownian Movement

      • Table 670. Particle Sizes of Some Individual Dusts

      • Table 671. Protein Molecules

      • Table 672. Influence of Particle Size Upon Solubility

      • Table 673. Heat of Sorption

      • Table 674. Effect of Activation on the Adsorbing Power of Charcoal

      • Table 675. Heats of Adsorption of Vapors on Charcoal

      • Table 676. Spreading Coefficients, S, of Organic Liquids on Water at 20C

      • Table 677. Heats of Adsorption of Gases by Charcoal

      • Table 678. Bond Energies in Kilocalories Per MOL

      • Table 679. Ignition and Proagation Temperatures of Dusts in Air

      • Table 680. Lower Explosive Limits

      • Table 681. Some Measurements of Explosion Pressures

      • Table 682. pH Stability Range of Some Proteins

    • Index

  • 060 - 1F3A72CBEE291B66DB258626989FCF7A.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 683-689. Electron Emission

      • Table 683. Electron Emission for Hot Solids

      • Table 684. Electron Emission Constants for Metals and Carbon

      • Table 685. Electron Emission (I = amp/cm2) and (W = watts/cm2) for a Number of Materials

      • Table 686. Photoelectric Effect

      • Table 687. The Electron Affinity of the Elements, in Volts

      • Table 688. Contact (Volta) Potentials

      • Table 689. Electrode Potentials

    • Index

  • 061 - DCF5256FF53412A1F85FB0DFEABBA92B.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 690-696. Kinetic Theory of Gases

      • Table 690. Pressure and Number of Molecules

      • Table 691. Mean Free Paths, L, Molecular Diameters, delta, and Related Data for Water and Mercury Vapors

      • Table 692. Molecular Velocities and Energies

      • Table 693. Masses, Velocities, and Rates of Incidence of Molecules

      • Table 694. Molecular Velocities

      • Table 695. Mean Free Paths of Molecules

      • Table 696. Viscosity, eta, Mean Free Paths, L, Molecular Diameters, delta, and Related Data for a Number of Gases

    • Index

  • 062 - 189238D323A7B28342037915F68A89B.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 697-712. Atomic and Molecular Dimensions

      • Table 697. Effective Atomic Radii

      • Table 698. Diffusion Coefficients of Gaseous Ions at NTP

      • Table 699. Diffusion Coefficients of Neutral Gases at 0C and 760 mmHg

      • Table 700. Mobilities of Positive Ions in Noble Gases at 760 mmHg and 0C

      • Table 701. Molecular Diameters, delta, for Attractive Spheres

      • Table 702. Mobility of Singly-Charged Gaseous Ions at 760 mmHg and 0C

      • Table 703. Molecular Diameter (Bragg)

      • Table 704. Number of Molecules (Per cm2 at 0C) of Monolayer and Equivalent Volume (cm3)

      • Table 705. Cross Section and Lengths of Some Organic Molecules

      • Table 706. Volumes of Inert Gas Atoms

      • Table 707. Lattice Spacings of Ionic Crystals

      • Table 708. Ionic Radii

      • Table 709. Crystal Structure and Interatomic Distances for Metals (Angstroms)

      • Table 710. Greatest Binding Energy of an Electron - Neutral Atoms

      • Table 711. Greatest Binding Energy of an Electron - Singly-Ionized Atoms

      • Table 712. Constants of Diatomic Molecules

    • Index

  • 063 - 3B61BB32B192985E803A313A71DA4F.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 713-730. Nuclear Physics

      • Table 713. Mass, Energy, and Velocity Relations for the Electron

      • Table 714. Particle Attraction, Velocity, and Mass

      • Table 715. Two Interesting Results of Artificial Disintegration

      • Table 716. Definitions of Some Terms Used in Nuclear Physics

      • Table 717. Table of Isotopes

      • Table 718. Devices for Producing High-Energy Particles

      • Table 719. Atomic Weights and Other Characteristics of Isotopes

      • Table 720. Some Fundamentals Particles of Modern Physics

      • Table 721. Nuclear Reactions

      • Table 722. The Theoretical DeBroglie Wavelengths Associated with Various Particles and Bodies of Gross Matter

      • Table 723. Rates of Nuclear Reactions in Stars and of Energy Production at Various Temperatures

      • Table 724. Times Required for Some Other Reactions

      • Table 725. Slow Neutron Produced Radioactivities of Long Half-Life

      • Table 726. Artificial Disintegration

      • Table 727. Methods of Producing Elements Beyond Uranium

      • Table 728. Pile Yields of Some Isotopes

      • Table 729. Comparative Properties of Ordinary and Heavy Water

      • Table 730. The Mechanical Effects of Radiation

    • Index

  • 064 - 36669EAA363F3AE8EFF443F2976C9865.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 731-758. Radioactivity

      • Table 731. Units for the Rate of Radioactive Disintegration

      • Table 732. Natural Radioactive Materials

      • Table 733. The Original Names of Certain Radioactive Materials

      • Table 734. The Four Radioactive Families

      • Table 735. Variations in the Isotopic Composition of Common Lead

      • Table 736. Lead Ratios of Selected Radioactive Minerals

      • Table 737. Analysis of Thorium C" (Thallium 208) Beta-Ray Spectrum

      • Table 738. Alpha-Ray Spectra of Some Natural Radioactive Materials

      • Table 739. Characteristics of Some High-Speed Alpha-Particles from Natural Radiactive Sources

      • Table 740. Characteristics of Some High-Speed Alpha-Particles from Artificial Radioactive Sources

      • Table 741. Vapor Pressure of the Radium Emanation in cmHg

      • Table 742. Beta-Rays from Radioactive Materials - Both Natural (Marked with *) and Artificial

      • Table 743. Relative Stopping Power of Selected Substances for alpha-Particles

      • Table 744. Analysis of the Beta-Ray Spectrum of Radioactinum (Thorium 227)

      • Table 745. Analysis of Beta-Ray Spectrum of Mesothorium 2 (Actinium 228)

      • Table 746. Analysis of the Beta-Ray Spectrum of Protactinium

      • Table 747. Gamma-Ray Energy of some Heavy Isotopes, Natural and Artificial

      • Table 748. The Gamma-Ray Spectrum of ThC"

      • Table 749. Danger Ranges for Persons Who are Working with Radium, for Different Amounts of Radium...

      • Table 750. Gamma-Ray Energy of Some Artificial Radioactive Isotopes of Low Atomic Weight

      • Table 751. Total Mass Absorption Coefficient, /rho, for gamma-Rays in Various Elements (in cm2/g)

      • Table 752. Gamma Spectrum for some Radioactive Breakdowns

      • Table 753. The Energy Radiated by a Number of Radioactive Materials

      • Table 754. Safe Working Distances for Different Exposure Times to Different Amounts of Radium

      • Table 755. Combination of Lead Shield Thickness and Distance for Adequate Protection for Exposures to Different Amounts...

      • Table 756. Constants for Cathode-Ray Speeds in Matter

      • Table 757. Energy in Calories/Hr Developed by One Gram of Radium in Equilibrium with Its Products

      • Table 758. Cathode Rays

    • Index

  • 065 - 224A97FC7E8990F3121CFA24D467CD56.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 759-784. X-Rays

      • Table 759. X-Ray Production

      • Table 760. Critical Absorption Wavelengths (A), K Series

      • Table 761. Relative Ionization Produced in Various Gases by Heterogeneous X-Rays

      • Table 762. Wavelengths of Fluorescent Radiation Excited by X-Rays

      • Table 763. The Absorption of X-Rays

      • Table 764. Approximate Lead Thickness Required to Reduce Radiation Dosage Rate to 5 Percent of Useful Beam

      • Table 765. Mass-Absorption Coefficients for a Number of Materials for Different Wavelengths

      • Table 766. Exponential Formulae for the Total Mass-Absorption Values, /rho, for Several Elements

      • Table 766A. X-Ray Dosage Units

      • Table 767. Protective Powers of Materials Relative to Lead

      • Table 768. The Minimum Thickness of Lead Redommended for Protection for Various Intensities of X-Rays

      • Table 769. Distance Protection

      • Table 770. Primary Protective-Barrier Requirements for 10 Milliamperes at the Pulsating Potentials and Distances Indicated

      • Table 771. Primary Protective-Barrier Requirements for 400-Kilovolts Peak Pulsating Potential With Reflection Target

      • Table 772. Primary Protective-Barrier Requirements for 1000-Kilovolt Constant Potential With Transmission Target

      • Table 773. Filters for Obtaining Monochromatic X-Rays

      • Table 774. Critical Absorption Wavelengths (A), L Series

      • Table 775. Critical Absorption Wavelengths (A), M Series

      • Table 776. Characteristics Emission Wavelengths (A), K Series

      • Table 777. Wavelengths in Angstroms of K-Series Lines Representing Transitions in the Ordinary X-Ray Energy Level Diagram...

      • Table 778. Wavelengths, Tungsten L Series

      • Table 779. Typical Safe Ratings of Diagnostic X-Ray Tubes

      • Table 780. Wavelengths of the More Prominent L-Group Lines in Angstroms

      • Table 781. Wavelengths of M-Series Lines in Angstroms from 73 Ta to 92 U

      • Table 782. X-Ray Terms for Various Elements

      • Table 783. Critical Absorption Wavelengths in Angstroms

      • Table 784. Calculated Mass Absorption Coefficients

    • Index

  • 066 - BD1151A88343D1EAF7F343DA9D3EDC6.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 785-793. Fission

      • Table 785. Fission Data

      • Table 786. Fission Thresholds

      • Table 787. Estimated Values of the Neutron Binding Energy of the Dividing Nucleus

      • Table 788. The Critical Energy for Fission

      • Table 789. Half-Lives for Spontaneous Fission

      • Table 790. The Energy Released by Fission on Division of Some Atoms into Equal Parts

      • Table 791. Fission Products of Long Half-Life

      • Table 792. Cross Sections of Fissionable Nuclei for Neutrons (In Units of 10-21 cm2)

      • Table 793. Cross Sections of Some Fission Products for Thermal Neutrons

    • Index

  • 067 - F22B72D23F6BDF8CFA0BAECDD881DD.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 794-801. Cosmic Rays

      • Table 794. Probable Characteristics of Cosmic Rays Falling Upon the Top of the Atmosphere at Various Magnetic Latitudes

      • Table 795. Secondary Cosmic Rays

      • Table 796. Mean Ionization Energy of gamma-Ray Necessary to Produce an Ion Pair

      • Table 797. The Critical Energy and the Total Energy of Cosmic Rays Entering the Atmosphere at Four Locations

      • Table 798. Estimated Cosmic Ray Intensities at 50degrees Geomagnetic Latitude

      • Table 799. Some Cosmic-Ray Data

      • Table 800. Radiation at Earth's Surface, Mass and Radiation Density in our Galaxy, and in the Universe

      • Table 801. Composition of Cosmic Radiation at Geomagnetic Latitude 30

    • Index

  • 068 - 32FECA8437947D50C5A5D196E718FABF.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 802-807. Gravitation

      • Table 802. Acceleration of Gravity

      • Table 803. Free-Air Correction of Acceleration of Gravity for Altitude

      • Table 804. Acceleration of Gravity, Various World Stations

      • Table 805. Acceleration of Gravity (g) in the United States

      • Table 806. Length of Seconds Pendulum at Sea Level and for Different Latitudes

      • Table 807. Some Places of Anomalous Gravity

    • Index

  • 069 - D0466BA3786BC8F84F195E3022495B4C.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 808-824. Solar Radiation

      • Table 808. The Solar Constant

      • Table 809. Atmospheric Transmission Coefficients

      • Table 810. The Solar Constant, Monthly and Yearly Means

      • Table 811. Air Masses

      • Table 812. The Amount of Solar Radiation in Different Sections of the Spectrum, Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared

      • Table 813. Spectral Distribution of Solar Radiation Outside the Atmosphere

      • Table 814. Distribution of Intensity (Radiation) Over Solar Disc

      • Table 815. Solar Irradiation at Sea Level with Surface Perpendicular to Sun's Rays m = 2

      • Table 816. The Biolically Effective Component of Ultraviolet, Solar, and Sky Radiation per Month per cm2 (UVQ in Watt Minutes

      • Table 817. Duration of Sunshine

      • Table 818. Relative Distribution in Normal Spectrum of Sunlight and Sky Light at Mount Wilson

      • Table 819. Illumination Due to Direct Sunlight, Sky Light, and Total on Horizontal and Vertical Planes

      • Table 820. Mean Intensity J for 24 Hours of Solar Radiation on a Horizontal Surface at the Top of the Atmosphere...

      • Table 821. Mean Monthly and Yearly Temperatures, C

      • Table 822. Temperature Variation Over Earth's Surface (HANN)

      • Table 823. Temperature Variation with Depth

      • Table 824. Wolf's Sunspot Numbers, Annual Means

    • Index

  • 070 - 98FD9CB4F657879C4CD134F72BB8A.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 825-884. Astronomy and Astrophysics

      • Table 825. The Largest Telescopes in Active Scientific Use (1949)

      • Table 826. Approximate Equation of Time

      • Table 827. Miscellaneous Astronomical Data

      • Table 828. Elements of Solar Motion

      • Table 829. Perpetual Calendar

      • Table 830. Julian Day Calendar

      • Table 831. Physical Data; Planets and Principal Satellites

      • Table 832. Planetary Temperatures

      • Table 833. Planetary Orbits

      • Table 834. Satellite Orbits

      • Table 835. Number of Stars [phi (M)] per Cubic Parsec NEAR THE SUN with Absolute (Photographic and Visual) Magnitudes

      • Table 836. Lunar and Terrestrial Craters

      • Table 837. Albedos

      • Table 838. Precession for 50 Years

      • Table 839. Characteristics of Earth's Interior

      • Table 840. Bulk Moduli of Rock-Forming Minerals

      • Table 841. Elastic Constants of Rock

      • Table 842. Age of Earth, Moon, and Strata

      • Table 842A. Eclipses of the Sun

      • Table 843. Spectrum Class and Proper Motions

      • Table 844. Solar Flares

      • Table 845. Constellation Abbreviations (Astron. Union, 1922)

      • Table 846. Emission Lines in the Solar Corona

      • Table 847. The Cephoid Period-Luminosity Curve

      • Table 848. A list of Nebular Lines

      • Table 849. Stellar Systems

      • Table 850. Stellar Spectra and Related Characteristics

      • Table 851. Stellar Spectra

      • Table 852. Percentage of Stars of Various Spectral Classes

      • Table 853. The Local Family of Galaxies

      • Table 854. Galactic Concentration of Stars of Various Spectral Classes

      • Table 855. Mean Annual Parallax for Stars

      • Table 856. Spectrum Classes and Temperatures of Stars

      • Table 857. Stars Known to be Within 5 Parsecs of the Sun

      • Table 858. Masses of Stars for Binaries within Parsecs from the Sun

      • Table 859. The First-Magnitude Stars Arranged in Order of Brightness

      • Table 860. Stellar Temperatures and Diameters

      • Table 861. Spectrum Type and Mean Visual Absolute Magnitude

      • Table 862. Reduction of Visual to Bolometric Magnitude

      • Table 862A. Russell-Hertsprung Diagram

      • Table 863. Log (No. Stars)/(Sq. Degree) Brighter than Photographic Magnitude, m, at Stated Galactic Latitudes

      • Table 864. Stars of Large Proper Motion

      • Table 865. Numbers and Equivalent Light of the Stars

      • Table 866. Bright or Well-Observed Novae

      • Table 866A. Mass Luminosity Relation

      • Table 867. Classification of Nebulae

      • Table 868. Stellar Radiation Measurements

      • Table 869. Nongalactic Nebulae

      • Table 870. Variable Stars, General Characteristics

      • Table 871. Visual Binary Stars

      • Table 872. White Dwarfs and Degenerate Stars

      • Table 873. Low-Density Stars, Giants

      • Table 874. Giant and Dwarf Stars

      • Table 875. Temperature in Interstellar Space

      • Table 876. Motions of the Stars

      • Table 877. Stars with Large Space Velocity Greater than 200 km/sec, Based on Parallaxes

      • Table 878. Stars with Radial Velocities Greater than 200 km/sec

      • Table 879. Spectroscopic Eclipsing Binaries

      • Table 880. Spectroscopic Binary Stars

      • Table 881. Properties and Classification of Star Clusters

      • Table 882. Our Galaxy, Its Center and Rotation

      • Table 883. Rotation of Stars

      • Table 884. Transmission of Light through Space

    • Index

  • 071 - 8FC483CE469E90D290506C8E33C1A590.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Tables 885-899. Oceanography

      • Table 885. Some Data on the Earth and Its Surface

      • Table 886. Sea-Wave Height in Feet for Various Wind Velocities and Durations

      • Table 887. Approximate Height of Swell in Feet at Various Distances from the Storm Area

      • Table 888. Area, Volume, and Mean Depth of Oceans and Seas

      • Table 889. Percentage Area of Depth Zones in the Oceans

      • Table 890. Physical Properties of Sea Water

      • Table 891. Percentage of Radiation of Given Wavelength Transmitted by 1 M of Water

      • Table 892. Composition of Sea Water

      • Table 893. Geochemistry of the Oceans

      • Table 894. Elements Present in Solution in Sea Water

      • Table 895. Wave Velocity in Very Shallow Water

      • Table 896. Velocity of Earthquake Waves With Depth of Water

      • Table 897. Ocean Currents

      • Table 898. Wave Height in Feet for Various Wind Velocities and Fetches

      • Table 899. Tides, Sea Level, Level Net

    • Index

  • 072 - CA69A0FDA9868B25CB9A3EC22AFB256.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Table 900. The Earth's Rotation: Its Variation

    • Index

  • 073 - BE24C0125A72F4266A7F2F7EA3109165.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Table 901. General Conversion Factors

    • Index

  • 074 - 6CC64E447C2F0725EAB82CAB2C045CD.pdf

    • Front Matter

    • Table of Contents

    • Index

      • Abampere - Avoirdupois

      • Babbitt metal - Bursts

      • c1 - Cyclotron

      • Dalton - Dyne

      • Ear - Eye

      • Factorials - Fusion

      • Gage Pressure to Atmospheres - Graybody

      • h - Hydrolysis

      • Ice Crystals - Isotope

      • Jena Glasses - Jupiter

      • K. Boltzmann Constant - Kundt's Constant

      • L Series - Lux

      • M Series - Mutual Inductance

      • Nebulae - Nylon

      • Obliquity of Ecleptic - Oxygen

      • Packing Fraction - Pyron

      • Quantity of Electricity - Quartz Crystal

      • Radian - Rydberg Constant

      • Sackur-Tetrotle Constant - Synchroton

      • Tangents - Twilight

      • Ultimate Particles - Uranus

      • Valence Electrons - Volume

      • Water - Wolfram

      • X-Rays - X-Unit

      • Year:Anomalistic - Youngs Modulus

      • Zeeman Effect - Zinc

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