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This book is designed to help all students master the basics of English grammar that they need to succeed in their studies. Best of all, when students understand the under-pinnings of our language, learning will be fun- as it should be. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners
Want to learn more? We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you d like and websites, please click her e. DOI Page 6x9 11/12/02 10:11 AM Page 1 more information about this book, its author, or related books , English Grammar for the Utterly Confused 9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page i This page intentionally left blank. English Grammar for the Utterly Confused Laurie Rozakis, Ph.D. McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto 9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page iii Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. 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Under no cir- cumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, conse- quential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatso- ever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071430970 ebook_copyright 7x9.qxd 7/23/03 11:02 AM Page 1 To Robert from Farmingdale .always and forever. 9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page v This page intentionally left blank. I would like to thank Barbara Gilson, the editorial director of Schaum. Barbara, you are a dear friend, and it is always a treat working with you. Thank you also to all the hard-working people at McGraw-Hill who take my manu- scripts and turn them into books. They are Andrew Littell, Maureen B. Walker, and Maureen Harper. You make me look so good! And grateful acknowledgement to the wonderful staff of the Farmingdale Public Library. From reference to circulation, youth services to technical processing, you always manage to get me the material I need. Your experience, expertise, and kindness are much appreciated. Finally, my thanks to my children, Charles and Samantha, and their friends. When “book writing” gets tough, I can always count on the kids for a much- needed break! vvv vii vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv Acknowledgments 9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page vii This page intentionally left blank. [...]... meaning from the noun it stands for The noun is called the antecedent Although Seattle is damp, it is my favorite city antecedent pronoun There are different kinds of pronouns Most of them have antecedents, but a few do not ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 10 Quick Tip The word antecedent comes from a Latin word meaning “to go before.” However, the noun does not have to appear before the pronoun... to describe how words are put together to create meaning The parts of speech are arranged in alphabetical order for easy reference In later chapters, you will learn how to correct errors caused by misusing these parts of speech v v v 3 Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Click Here for Terms of Use ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 4 Get Started English is a very flexible language... had an unbelievably huge appetite for chips adv adj 3 Use an adverb to describe another adverb They sang so clearly adv adv Quick Tip Conjunctive adverbs are used to connect other words and to link ideas and paragraphs accordingly again also besides consequently finally for example furthermore however indeed moreover on the other hand otherwise nevertheless then therefore Parts of Speech 7 Conjunctions... interjections are not linked grammatically to other words in the sentence, they are set off from the rest of the sentence with a comma or an exclamation mark For example: G Oh! What a shock you gave me with that gorilla suit G Wow! That’s not a gorilla suit! ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 8 Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing Nouns come in these varieties: common nouns, proper... in which you need improvement Option 3 G Use the book as a study guide right before and after major tests Read and reread the chapters you need the most G Complete the exercises that directly match the types of tests you are taking now or plan to take in the immediate future v v v xvii This page intentionally left blank English Grammar for the Utterly Confused This page intentionally left blank PART... person who fixed the machine after Jasper washed his sneakers Singular Plural Singular or Plural another anyone each everyone everybody everything much nobody nothing other someone anybody anything either little neither no one one somebody something both few many others several all any more most none some ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 12 7 Interrogative pronouns ask a question They are: what,... v v v v v v I have the world’s nicest students They are polite, earnest, and sweet They are fun to talk to and a delight to teach Unfortunately, many of them are ill-prepared for college They are not ready for the onslaught of work and do not know how to write Many have not been taught grammar, usage, or mechanics After interviewing students across the country—including many at the nation’s top schools—I... transitive, ask yourself “Who?” or “What?” after the verb If you can find an answer in the sentence, the verb is transitive Linking Verbs Linking verbs join the subject and the predicate They do not show action Instead, they help the words at the end of the sentence name or describe the subject As you read earlier in this Parts of Speech 13 chapter, the most common linking verbs include: be, feel,... book: Option 1 G Read through the book from the beginning to the end as you would any book G Complete all the exercises at the end of each chapter to assess your progress This gives you even more practice with grammar Option 2 G Pick and choose the chapters you wish to read, or read them in any order you like G Skim the exercises to find the ones that help you learn more about the areas in which you need... are words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Adverbs answer the questions: When? Where? How? or To what extent? When? left yesterday begin now Where? fell below move up How? happily sang danced badly To what extent? partly finished eat completely ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 6 Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective For example: Adjective Quick Careful Accurate . 11/12/02 10:11 AM Page 1 more information about this book, its author, or related books , English Grammar for the Utterly Confused 9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd. 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page i This page intentionally left blank. English Grammar for the Utterly Confused Laurie Rozakis, Ph.D. McGraw-Hill New York Chicago