\ LIFE, Without BREAD How a Can Save Your Diet • Discover how even cure • Learn — how Low-Carbohydrate a Life low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet can prevent — and heart disease, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders to feel better and live longer by changing the way you eat Develop strategies to transition from high- to low-carbohydrate nutrition Christian B Allan, Ph.D & Wolfgang Lutz, M.D / { v LTL ^ BJ-CODRtY-ppBLIC II LIBT ARY w 3'18B 3'(ttttt*ft3» ' LIFE WITHOUT BREAD Life J||||LL Without Bread How a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Can Save Your Life Christian B Allan, Ph.D and Wolfgang Q KEATS PUBLISHING LOS ANGELE NTQContemporary S Publishing Group Lutz, M.D The purpose of this book is to educate It is sold with the understanding that the publisher and author shall have neither liability nor responsibility for any injury caused or alleged to be caused by the information contained in this book While every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, the book's contents should not be construed as medical advice Each person's health needs are unique ommendations appropriate to your particular To obtain rec- situation, please consult a qualified health care provider Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Allan, Christian B Life without bread : how a low-carbohydrate diet can save your life / Christian B Allan, and Wolfgang Lutz cm p Includes bibliographical information and index ISBN 0-658-00170-1 (paper) Low-carbohydrate diet I Lutz, Wolfgang, 1913-11 Title RM237.73 A455 2000 613.2'83— dc21 00-030507 Published by Keats Publishing, A division of NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, 4255 West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood (Chicago), Copyright © 2000 by All rights reserved a retrieval system, Inc Illinois 60646-1975 U.S.A Christian B Allan and Wolfgang Lultz No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of NTC/Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc Design by Robert S Tinnon Design Printed in the United States of America International Standard 00 01 02 03 04 05 Book Number: 0-658-00170-1 DHD 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 HP Contents Foreword by Kilmer S Acknowledgments Introduction McCully, M.D vii xi xiii CHAPTER ONE What Is Low-Carbohydrate Nutrition! CHAPTER TWO An Old Idea: The History of Low- Carbohydrate Nutrition CHAPTER THREE Carbohydrates and Hormones: Balance Your Way to Optimal Health 21 CHAPTER FOUR Diabetes and Insulin Resistance 33 CHAPTER FrVE Energy: Less CHAPTER Is More 55 SIX Heart Disease: From Fat to Fiction 73 CONTENTS CHAPTER SEVEN Qastrointestinal Disorders: Reduction, Relief, and Restoration 111 CHAPTER EIGHT Weight Control 131 CHAPTER NINE Vitamins, Minerals, and Cofactors: The Myths Revealed 147 CHAPTER TEN Cancer: Another Disease of Sugar Metabolism? 163 CHAPTER ELEVEN Evidence from Evolution: The True Fad Diet CHAPTER TWELVE The Low- Carbohydrate Program in Practice: What You Need to Know Appendix: Carbohydrate Table References Index 233 225 195 219 179 — ¥ Foreword The principal nutritional advice of Bread Life Without are correspondingly increased to achieve a balance of calories fresh, whole foods This sensible and reasonable advice made during the observations that Dr Lutz sands of patients with many his different diseases career as an internist in Austria It is also based is and limit dietary carbohydrates In this approach, dietary proteins to fats from based on is treatment of thou- throughout on a large his long amount of current scientific and medical data published throughout the world Observations of the benefit of low-carbohydrate nutrition are explored beginning with Herodotus in the fifth century B.C., continuing with Savarin and Banting in the nineteenthth century, and culminating with Steffanson and Price in the twentieth century Moreover, the approach in Life Without Bread is thoroughly compatible with cur- rent knowledge of nutrition in the Paleolithic era of human evolution The so-called "diseases of Western civilization" —heart obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, dental caries, became pervasive in human disease, and others populations of developed nations dur- ing the twentieth century primarily because of the consumption of a diet sugar rosis containing refined carbohydrates, especially white flour and The development of the homocysteine theory of arterioscle- during the past three decades explains the origin of arte- riosclerosis vitamin B6 , and heart disease folic acid, as a deficiency of three B vitamins: and vitamin B 12 Epidemiological and clinical Framingham Heart Study, the Nurses' Health Canada Study, the Physicians' Health Study, and many more, have proven that deficiencies of these B vitamins studies, such as the Study, the Nutrition FOREWORD Vlll lead to elevation of blood homocysteine levels and increased tality from coronary heart that animal fat is disease not detrimental to dietary deficiencies of these tive vitamins These same human B vitamins is health The reason for destruction of these sensi- during milling of grains into white flour, extraction sugar from plants, and other types of harsh food processing fact that vitamin B 12 is of The only obtained from animal foods suggests that the recent decrease in animal food by high-carbohydrate mor- studies also indicate diets may be consumption accompanied responsible for B 12 deficiencies Consumption of refined carbohydrates and other processed foods B vitamins and micronutrients in developed countries, contributing in a major way to "diseases of Westleads to deficiencies of other ern civilization." Beginning with observations of elevated cholesterol and els lipid lev- of victims of vascular disease and the production of fibrolipid plaques in the arteries of animals fed cholesterol, the cholesterol hypothesis was developed in the early twentieth century to explain the origin of vascular disease As pointed out in Life Without Bread, the hypothesis that dietary cholesterol is responsible for elevation of blood cholesterol has never been proven An unfortunate conse- quence of the unproven and outmoded cholesterol hypothesis has been the misguided dietary advice given to the public by various governmental agencies and professional societies to consume a lowfat low-cholesterol diet By restricting dietary fats, meats, and dairy consuming carbohydrates, as advised by the Food Pyramid promulgated by the U S Department of Agriculture The current epidemic of obesity, diabetes and hyperfoods, the public has turned to tension among adults and children in the United States is a conse- quence of overconsumption of carbohydrates, especially refined grain foods According to the nutritional advice of Life Without Bread, restriction of dietary carbohydrates will counteract the in- creased susceptibility to these "diseases of Western civilization." Decreased dietary carbohydrates cretion and B , insulin resistance folic acid, will decrease excessive insulin se- and amount of vitafrom fresh, whole foods, will increase the and vitamin B 12 REFERENCES 230 Taller, H Calories Don't Count New York: Simon & Schuster, 1961 New York: David McMay, 1972 Atkins, R Dr Atkins' Diet Revolution Jameson, G and E Williams The Drinking Mans co: Cameron & Diet San Francis- Co., 1965 Carise, E Punkt-Diat Editions Indigo Etablissements Vaduz, 5.-6 Auflage (1968) Lutz, W "Das endocrine Syndrom des adiposen jugendlichen" Wien Med Wschr (1964): 451 Chapter Nine U.S Department of Agriculture, The Yearbook ofAgriculture 1959 Allan, C B., G Lacourciere, and T C Stadtman "Responsiveness of Selenoproteins to Dietary Selenium " Annual Reviews of Nutrition 19 (1999): 1-16 Gorlatov, S N., and T C Stadtman from HeLa inhibits ity to cells: enzyme "Human thioredoxin reductase Selective alkylation of selenocysteine in the protein activity and reduction with NADPH influences affin- heparin" Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences USA 95 (1998): 8520-8525 Sinatra, S L-carnitine and the Heart New Canaan, Conn.: Keats Pub- lishing, 1999 Kelly, G "L-carnitine: Therapeutic applications of a conditionally essential amino Singh, R., M acid" Alter Med Review Niaz, P 3, (1998): 345-360 Agarwal, R Beegum, S Rastogi, and D Sachan, "A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of L-carnitine in suspected acute myocardial infarction" Postgrad Med J 72 (1996): 45-50 Mingrove, G., A Greco, et al in type diabetic patients."7 Sinatra, S "Care, cancer "L-carnitine improves glucose disposal Am Coll Nutr 18 (1999): 77-82 and coenzyme Q10." J Am Coll Cardiol 33 (1999): 897-899 Chapter Ten Watson, J., and F Crick "Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid." Nature 171 (1953): 964-967 Warburg, O "On the origin of cancer 309-317 cells." Science, 123 (1956): 231 References Abercrombie, Pederson, M, cells." Progress in and J Heaysman Nature 174 (1954): 697 "Tumor mitochondria and P the bioenergetics of cancer Experimental Tumor Research 22 (1978): 190-274 Gauthier, T., C Denis-Pouxviel, and J Murat "Respiration of mitochondria isolated from differentiated and undifferentiated colon cancer cells in the presence of various substrates and HT29 ADP generating systems." International Journal of Biochemistry 22 (1990): 411-417 Dunn, J S., F G Travlos, R Wilson, and Kari, J French, J Leininger, C Barrett "Dietary restriction reduces insulin-like growth factor which modulates apoptosis, levels, cell proliferation, and tumor pro- gression in p5 -deficient mice" Cancer Research, SI (1997): 4667-4672 Snyder, D., D Clemmons, and L Underwood "Dietary carbohygrowth hormone in ener- drate content determines responsiveness to humans." Journal of Clinical Endocrynology and gy-restricted Metabolism, 69 (1989): 745-752 Caufriez, A., J Golstein, P Lebrun, A Herchuelz, R Furlanetto, and G Copinschi "Relationships between immunoreactive somatomedin-C, insulin and crinology T patterns during fasting in obese subjects." Clinical Endo- 20 (1984): 65-70 Hankinson, S., W Willett, tions of insulin-like factor- et and al "Circulating concentra- risk of breast cancer," The 1393-1396 Lancet, 351(1998): 10 G Colditz, growth Holmes, M., D Hunter, G Colditz "Association of diatary intake of fat and fatty acids with risk of breast cancer." Journal of the American Medical Association 281 (1999): 914-920 11 Gertig, D., S Hankinson, H Hough, et "N-acetyl transferase al genotypes, meat intake and breast cancer risk." International Journal of Cancer 80 (1999): 13-17 12 Holmes, M., M Stampfer, G Colditz, W Willett "Dietary factors B Rosner, D Hunter, and and the survival of women with breast carcinoma." Cancer 86 (1999): 826-835 13 Hankinson, hormone S., levels W Willett, J and Manson, et al risk of breast cancer in "Plasma sex steroid postmenopausal women," Journal of the National Cancer Institute 90 (1998): 1292-1299 14 Lutz, W, and H Iselstoger Munch Med Wschr 102 (1960): 1963 REFERENCES 232 15 Fuchs, C, E Giovannucci, G Colditz, et risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma in al "Dietary fiber and the women" New England Journal ofMedicine 340 (1999): 169-176 16 Muir, J., K Walker, M Kaimakamis, markers relevant to colon cancer et risk: al not generate expected beneficial changes diet ," "Modulation of fecal A high-starch Chinese diet did relative to a western-type American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68 (1998): 372-379 Chapter Eleven Stanford, C The Hunting Apes Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999 M Cannibals and Kings New York: Random House Inc., Harris, Angel, L "Paleoecology, Paleodemography, and Health" In Polgar Lutz, 1977 (ed.)(1975): 167-190 W "The Colonization of Europe and Our Western Diseases," Medical Hypothesis 45 (1995): 115-120 U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization Green, A., E Galke, and C Patterson "The Eurodiabetic ACE Study." The Lancet 339 (1992): 905-909 KurtzkeJ Clinical Microbiology Reviews (1993): 382-427 Chapter Twelve Fallon, S Nourishing Traditions Washington, D.C.: Publishing Inc., 1999 New Trends 3 1 W Index Acetyl-CoA, 66, Acid reflux, 1 68i, and essential amino acids, and vitamins, 149-51 Animal studies, 77 Antioxidant, selenium as, 155 71,72 Adaptation, to dietary changes, 180,181 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 59, 67 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 58, 59i, 58i, 61 in gluconeogenesis, 70 production in mitochondria, 64-67, 65t, 68i Adult-onset diabetes, 36 Aerobic oxidation, 63 Agriculture beginning of, 181, 188 impact on nutrition, Alcohol, in low-carbohydrate program, 212-13 B, Allan, Christian 47, 113 Antioxidants, on low-carbohydrate program, 201-2 Apple-shaped obesity, 141 Appetite, Ardipithecus ramidus, 182 104 Arteriosclerosis, 73, chicken studies, 91-93, 93 and homocysteine, 89 Asthma, and low-carbohydrate program, 207 "Astronaut's Diet," 133 Atherosclerosis, 27, 73 Atkins, Robert, 18,203 and lowcarbohydrate program, 207-8 Atrial fibrillation, Allopurinol, 100 Australopithecus afarensis, 182 Alpha cells, pancreas, 33 American Cancer Society, smoking study, 84 American diet, current, 134-35 American Research Agency, on cholesterol restriction, 86 Autoaggression, 36, 206, 208 Amino acids, 1, Animal foods disease and low- carbohydrate program, 206,211 Autoimmune response, in Type diabetes, 36 69, 88 Anabolism, 24 Anaerobic process, 61 Anderson, Karsten, 16, Androgens, 27 Angel, Lawrence, 190 207 diseases of, Autoimmune Balance, anabolism and catabolism, 17, 161 24, 25, 25i Banting, William, 22 on low-carbohydrate nutrition, Barbecue sauces, 6 i INDEX 234 Beef, Beta grams consumed in average American diet, 137 pancreas, 33, 35 cells, and cholesterol, 76 Bleeding gums, and lowcarbohydrate program, 204 Bloating, and sugar fermentation, 114 Blood clotting, and rapid dietary change, 202, 203 Blood flow problems, 73 Blood glucose levels, 37 Bile, Blood iron levels, in obesity, 142 studies, Beta-oxidation, of fatty acids, 66, 68i hypoglycemic, 43 normal, 38i obese adolescents, kidney stones, 99 49-53 diabetes, 46-49 and ulcerative colitis, 123-25, 124i for underweight, 143^6, 201 Carbohydrates, 3-4 in Type in chicken studies, 92, 93 grams consumed in average American diet, 136 grams needed to normalize insulin, 196, laxative effects, 199 205 in Neolithic times, 89 in Paleolithic times, 190 39i, 41i Crohn's disease, from photosynthesis, 57 as risk factor in Seven Countries Study, 81 120, 121i Carbon Bread units (BUs) of common foods, 220t-224t definition, 6-7, 8t, 214 Breakfast, importance of, dioxide, 66 Cardiopathy, 105 Cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), Seven Countries Study, 79 Breast cancer, 172-73, 174 Carise, Erna, 133 Butter, in low-carbohydrate Catabolism, 24 program, 215 Butyrate, 176 Cell cultures, 165 "Cell lines," 168 Cell membranes, 76 and 45 Calcium, 152-53, 154 Calories Don V Count, 133 Calvin cycle, 57 Cell signals, 170 Cancer Chickens, arteriosclerosis studies, 170 and insulin resistance, 164 carbohydrate theory of, integrity lipids, 2, Chicken pox, 126 91-93, 93t Children consumption Cancer, Disease of Civilization, 15 fruit juice Carbohydrate addiction, 142 Carbohydrate restriction See also Low-carbohydrate program and blood calcium levels, 54i and cardiopathy, 105-108 nutritional habits, 198 and cholesterol, 101^, 102i 38 overweight, 139^-1, 140i Cholesterol, 50, 72, 73, 75-76, 100-4 autopsy studies, 90-91 biosynthesis of, 103 and carbohydrate hemoglobin as risk factor in levels, 95, 96i Chimpanzees, 182, 184, 185 Crohn's disease, 119-23, 120i estrogen levels, 175i hypertension, 96-98, 97i in, 1, restriction, 101-4, 102i Study, 80 Seven Countries 57 235 Index steroid precursor molecule, 76 steroid production, 26 lipoproteins in, 50 Diarrhea, 116 Cholesterol Neurosis, Diastase, 199 Civilization, Diet, current American, 134-35 86 impact on nutrition, Differentiation, cells, 166 11, 15 Clinical trials, 78 116-18 and disease research, 163-64 Diverticulosis, Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQIO), 67, DNA, Drinking Mans Diet, The, 133 Dubois, Eugene, 16 160-61 Cofactors, 156-61 Colds, and low-carbohydrate program, 206 Colon cancer, 126, Eades, Mary, 18 175-76 Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet, The, 18 Eades, Michael, 18 Eat Fat, Get Thin, 19 Eat Fat, Lose Weight, 19 Complex carbohydrates, Egg consumption Constipation, 115-16 Nurses Health Study, 86-87 and vitamins, 151 Electrocardiograms, abnormal and and low-carbohydrate program, 204-5 "Contact inhibition," 166 "Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994-1996," USDA, 136 Cookbook, low-carbohydrate program, 216 Coronary artery disease, and carbohydrates, 53 Coronary Heart Disease: The Dietary Sense and Nonsense, 83 carbohydrate restriction, 105, 106i Electron transport chain, mitochondria, 67 Enemas, for initial constipation, 115-16, 117 Energy cycle, 57 Energy production, 56 in cancer cells, 167-69 in eukaryotic cells, 60, 165 64—67 Correlation coefficient, 80 in mitochondria, Cortisone, 36, 206, 207, 209 in prokaryotic cells, in ulcer treatment, 114, 127 Enterocolitis, 61-63, 165 1 Cow's milk, 196, 197 Enzymes, 44 Crohn's disease, 112, 118-23 Cysteine, 88 Epidemiological studies, 76-77, 173 Dedifferentiation, cancer cells, 167, 170 See also Field studies Eskimos and cancer, diet, 14 Demling, Ludwig, 125 Descartes, Rene, 75 Essential fatty acids, 2, 19, 213 Essential nutrients, 1-2 Diabetes Care, 52 Estrogen levels, and lowcarbohydrate diet, 174, 175i Estrogens, 27 Ethyl alcohol, fermentation, 62 Diabetes, type 1,35 Diabetes, type as 2, 33, 36 epidemic, 34 growth hormone in, 27 Eukaryotic cells, 60, 165 INDEX 236 Evolution and human diet, 180-81, 191 food technology, 185-87 human species, 182, 183t, for infants, 197, 198 in low-carbohvdrate program, 212,215,217 187 Exercise, 134 Fruit juice consumption, 212 in children, 31, 138 Ezrin, Calvin, 19 Fallon, Sally, 216 Fasting blood sugar Gas, and sugar fermentation, 112 test, on low-carbohydrate 44 diet, 47i "Fasting secretion," 113 Fats, 2-3 as antimicrobial agents, 114 storage balance, 23 "Fat-soluble activators," 14 Fat-soluble vitamins, 149t Gastrin, secretion hormone, 14 Gastritis, 113 Gestational diabetes mellitus consumption, and breast cancer, 174 in energy production, 56, 68, 69 metabolism, change over to, 196 and mitochondria, 64 mobilization, 50 as risk factor in Seven Countries Study, 79, 80-81 Fatty acids, grams consumed in average American diet, 138 See also Essential fatty acids (GDM), 49 Ann Louise, Gittleman, Glucose, 23 cancer cell use of, 168, 169, Glucose tolerance test, Glutathione peroxidase, 155 Glycation reactions, 45 Glycemic index, 88 Glyceraldehyde- -phosphate, 61 Glycogen, 23, 33, 51 energy source for heart, 72 Glycolysis, 61, 66, 68i Goiter, 26 Fiber, 117, 176 Field studies, fats restriction and heart disease, 82-86 and low-carbohvdrate program, 206 Folic acid, and homocysteine, 89, 108-109 Flu, 170 69 daily brain use of, use in mitochondria, 65, 69 Fear of fat, 214 Fermentation, 58, 61, 62, 66 cancer cells, 167, 168 18 Glucagon, 23, 33, 70, 134 as catabolic hormone, 25 Glucocorticoids, 26 Gluconeogenesis, 69, 70 Goodalljane, 184 Gorlotov, Sergey, 170 consumed in average American diet, 137 Green leafy vegetables, and Grains, grams vitamins, 151 Groves, Barry, 19 Growth factors, 26, 171 Growth hormone, 26, 27, 104, 155, 172 in adults, 30-31 Food sources in children, L-carnitine, 158t 31-32 minerals, 153t Harnish, vitamins, 150t Framingham Heart Fruit Study, 83 G, 24 Harris, Marvin, 188 Harvard University, diet and disease 237 Index studies, 86, 88 Hatfield, Dolph, 47, 48 Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 86, 88 Heart disease, and insulin resistance, 52 Heart, use of fatty acids by, 72 and colitis, 125-26 and low-carbohydrate program, 205-6, 207, 208 Infant nutrition, 196-98 Infection, and Type diabetes, Inflammation reduction, steroid function, 26 Heartburn, and carbohydrate restriction, 113 nutrition, resistance, 52 irreversibility of, 210 29i, balance, 25-30 25i, 28i, 172 Hormone replacement intestinal disorders, 112, (IDDM), 35 See also Diabetes, type High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 50 High fiber diet, 117 High protein diet, and kidney function, 108 Homocysteine, 88, 108 Hormonal as anabolic 114, 127 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus High blood pressure and insulin 22-23,33,70, 169 hormone, 24—25 and IGF- blood levels, 171 overproduction and gastro- Insulin, and ulcers, 114 Hemoglobin, 45, 94 Heparin, 202 Herodotus, on low-carbohydrate Helicobacter pylori, therapy (HRT), 174 Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), 171 and breast cancer, 173 Insulin resistance, 33 and cancer, 164 and high blood pressure, 52 Iodine, 26 Isoleuciene, In vivo studies, 77 Hormones functions and of, 21-22 Japan, Seven Countries Study lipids, results, 81-82 Human cell line studies, 77-78 Human Genome Project, 164 Juvenile diabetes, 35 Hyperacidity (acid Ketones, 70-71 reflux), 113 Hypercholesterolemia, 52 Ketosis, 19,71 Hyperhomocysteinemia, 89 Kwasniewski, Jan, 19 Hyperinsulinemia, 52, 39i, 40, 41, 200 L-carnitine, 65, 157-60, 158t Hyperlipoproteinemia, 50-5 food sources Hypertension, and carbohydrate restriction, 96-98, 97i supplement of, 158t studies, 159-60 Lactate, 62, 66, 68i Hypertension retinopathy, 98 Lactose intolerance, 153-54 Hypertriglyceridemia, 52 Lessons for Science from the Seven Hypoglycemia, 42-44 Countries Study, 79 Letters on Co?-pulence, Ice age, diet in, 191 Leucine, Immune Lifshitz, system Fima, 31 INDEX 238 food sources Linoleic acid, Lipid Research clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRCCPPT), 85 153t of, Mitral stenosis, and carbohydrate restriction, 106-7, 107i Mitochondria, 63-64, 68i Lipids, 2, 45 coenzyme Q-10 Lipoproteins, 50 L-carnitine transport, 65, 157 and low-carbohydrate program, 208 blood sugar episodes, 42, 43 i, 44 Liver, Low Low fat theory, 19, 53, 75, 82, 83, transport, 67, 160 Mohler, Hans, 86 Mother's milk, 196-97, 199 Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), 83-84 93, 103, 104, 131,132, Multiple sclerosis (MS), 147, 176 Muscle, increase and growth hormone, 30-31 Low-carbohydrate nutrition, current books on, 17-18 Low-carbohydrate program, 195-96,211-14 and appetite, 201-2 and calories, 142-43 in Crohn's disease, study, 121-23, and initial principles, Nonenzymatic chemical reactions, 45 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus also (NIDDM), 36 See Diabetes, type Not by Bread Alone, Nourishing Traditions, 216 122i failures of, 35 209-11 constipation, 115-16 214 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 50,89 Low-fat diet, disappointments of, 10,84 Lutz, Wolfgang, 18, 32, 33, 53, 71, 78,91,97,103,105,109,113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 124, Nufert,Tom, 157,176 Nurses Health Study, 86, 87, 88, 173,175 Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, 14 Nutrition, in medical education, 74 Nuts consumption, Nurses Health Study, 87 and essential fatty acids, 128,139, 165,173,179,203 Lysine, Obesity adolescents, blood glucose levels, Malignant hypertension, 98 Mann, George, 83 Masai warriors, heart disease among, 83 McCully, Kilmer, 89, 90, 148 Meat consumption, and breast cancer, 174 Meat 39i,41i in adults, 141^12 and dietary therapy, failure of program, 210 increase in U.S, 131 Older adults, beginning low- carbohydrate program, eating, in primates, 184, 189 Metabolism, definition, 23-24 Metastasis, of cancer, 173 Methionine, 2, 88 Minerals, 152-56 low-carbohydrate Olive oil, in low-carbohydrate program, 215 "On the origin of cancer cells," 164-65 1 239 Index Study, 87 Oncogenes, 170 synthesis, steroid function, 26 Optimal Nutrition, 19 Organelles, 60, 63 Pyruvate, 62, 66, 68i, 69 Osteoporosis, 154 "Overlap phenomenon," Oxidation, 58, 64 Reaven, Gerald, 51, 52 Receptors, 170 1 Reducing sugars, 45 in saturated fatty acids, "Reductionist approach," cancer Oxidative phosphorylation, 67 Oxygen in research, 163 ATP Respiration, mitochondrial, 63, production, 67 in eukaryotic cell processes, 63 168 Restricted foods, low-carbohydrate nutritional program, 6-7, Pancreas, 33 215,219 overstimulation and gastro- Retinopathy, 105 intestinal disorders, 112, 114-15,127 Pancreatic duct syndrome, Partially 14, hydrogenated trans 115 fats, 135 Rheumatism, and low-carbohydrate program, 208 Roasting vs boiling meats, 213 Pear-shaped obesity, 141 Pederson, Peter, 167 Sallmann, Peter, 24 Permitted foods, low-carbohydrate nutritional program, 5-6, Saturated 215,219 p53 gene, 171 fats, percent consumed in average American Saturated, term, 2-3 Savarin, Anthelme diet, Brillat, 137 on low- carbohydrate nutrition, 12 Phenylalanine, Phosphate, in ATP, 58, 59i, 61 Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP), 61 Schole, Juergen, 24 Photosynthesis, 57 Selenium, essential micronutrient, du gout, 12 Pituitary, 26, 28 Point-Diet, 133-34 Polycythemia, 94-95 155 Physiologie Selenocysteine, 155 Seven Countries study, 78-82, 88 Seven Countries: Coronary Heart Disease, 79 Prednisone, 36, 206, 209 Pregnancy, low-carbohydrate Shingles, 126 program during, 195 Weston A., 13-14, 190 Primitive cell theory, cancer, Sigmoid colon, diverticula Signalers, 167 Processed foods, impact on hormones as, in, 22 Simple carbohydrates, Sinatra, Stephen, 160 Smith, iMelanie, 31 nutrition, 13, 14 Smoking, and health, 84 Stadtman, Thressa C, 155 Progestins, 27 Prokaryotes, 60 energy production A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Polysaccharides, Price, Sears, Barry, 18 in, 61-63, 165 Proteins, 1-2, 44, 69 consumption, Nurses Health Stanford University, low- carbohydrate nutritional program testing, 117 INDEX 240 ketosis in, Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q-10), 160 Ulcerative colitis, 112, 118, 123-25 relapses, 125-26 muscle use for gluconeogenesis, 70 Ulcers, 113 Starch harvesting, 89 Starvation Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 14-17, 161, 179 Steroids, functions of, Stone tools, 26 Unconquerable infection, the, 206-7 Underweight, carbohydrate restriction, 143-46, 145i, 185 201 University of California, Irvine, GDM study, 49 Stroke, 73,98 Unsaturated, term, 2-3 Sugar as, and diabetes type 2, 34 as risk factor in Seven Countries carbohydrates Study, 81 Sugar Busters, 18 Sweet and Dangerous, Sweet-and-sour sauces, Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert, 166 and carbohydrate 99-100, lOli USDAFood Pyramid, 152, 212 "Utilizable" carbohydrate, 4-5, 215 Uric acid Vaccinations, and low-carbohydrate program, 208-9 Valine, Vegetable Herman, 133 Tarnower, Herman, 18 Taller, 143-46, 145i 26, 172 (TCA) cycle, 66 Triglycerides, 23, 51, 52, 103, 169 Triiodothyronine (T4 ), thyroid hormone, 26 theory, Vitamins B /B 12 and homocysteine, 89, 108-9, 148 Vitamin D, 153 Vitamins, 148-52, 149t food sources of, 150t for infants, 197, 198 Warburg, Otto, 164 Water-soluble vitamins, 149t control, low-carbohydrate diet for, 132-33 Western diseases, absence in Eskimos, 15, 16, 17 Whole grains, and vitamins, 151 Willett, Walter, 88 metaboYeast, in fermentation, lism, 24, 172 Type Type diabetes See Diabetes, diabetes See Diabetes, type essential fatty Weight Toxic megacolon, 123 Two-component and , Thioredoxin reductase, 155 Threonine, Thrombosis, and rapid dietary change, 202 Thyroxine (T3 ), thyroid hormone, Tryptophan, oils, acids, Thinness, carbohydrate restriction, Tricarboxylic acid levels, restriction, 99i, Make Zero-calorie diets, 203 70 Zone, The, 18 62-63 You Thin, 19 Yudkinjohn, 18 type Tyrosine phosphorylation, Your Fat Can HEALTH / DIET i "A simpleyet superb approach what and how to A eat -Stephen must read, as T Sinatra, this up all the confusion about book can save your M.D., F.A.C.C, C.B.T., significant contribution to the field of health —Kilmer S life." & Heart Disease and The Coenzyme Q10 Phenomenon author of Heartbreak "A that clears and disease." McCully, M.D., author of The Homocysteine Revolution THE TRUTH ABOUT LOW CARBOHYDRATE NUTRITION you're currently following a low-carbohydrate diet or thinking about Ifchanging the way you eat, Life Without Bread provides powerful evidence that can lead you to optimal lifelong health Based on more than forty years of clinical research conducted on over 10,000 patients, unravels the mysteries of nutrition and shows how a low-carbohydrate in healthy fats can reverse— and possibly testinal disorders, and this illuminating obesity, as well as cure— diabetes, heart how to change your life diet high disease, gastroin- boost strength and endurance easy to alter years of dietary conditioning, but Dr Allan book It isn't and Dr Lutz show you and regain control over your health and nutrition Christian B Allan, Ph.D., has performed research on the chemistry of minerals, biochemistry, and nutrition at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories, the University of Massachusetts works for a Wolfgang in Amherst, and the National biotechnology company in Institutes of Health He currently Maryland Lutz, M.D., has studied low- carbohydrate nutrition on thousands of patients in his clinical practice had great success in He has US $16.95 /CAN alleviating their $24.95 ISBN D-bSfl-DD17D-l ailments and building a comprehensive theory to explain diets improve why low-carbohydrate human health Cover design by Mike Stromberg/The Great American Art Co "780658""001703 695> ... BJ-CODRtY-ppBLIC II LIBT ARY w 3'18B 3'(ttttt*ft3» ' LIFE WITHOUT BREAD Life J||||LL Without Bread How a Low-Carbohydrate Diet Can Save Your Life Christian B Allan, Ph.D and Wolfgang Q KEATS PUBLISHING... title, Life Without Bread Exhibit number of common was lists the foods Bread Units (BUs) and Their Equivalents Bread Units (BUs) this We have adopted this terminology in bread unit (BU) bread. .. initial Life Without Bread His dedication this at me many associates that I have long career Their research and belief in low- carbohydrate nutrition has made a tremendous impact on my life Wolfgang