lirjl-j MINERAL COXCHOLOGY OF GREAT BRITAIX : oa COLOURED FIGURES ^ND DESCRIPTIONS OF rCOSE REMAiyS OF TESTACXOUS jyniALS oa WHICH HAVE BEZN By PEE5ER^-ED AT VAHIOCS TIMS^ A>'D DEPTH' i\ THE Ea£TH JAMES SOWERBY, HONORARY F.L.S GS W S THE PHT«ICAX SOCIETY OF GOTTTXGEN OF THE SOCIETY OF JE>"A, (kc ME:?IBER OF ALTHOS OF BRITISH SITSERALOGY, EXOTIC MIXERAXOGY, TISH MISCELLASY, ENGLISH FUNGI, A EOIASICAL DRAWi:fG BOOS, AND A SETST ELT;CIDATTOX BPJ- OF coLorRs; DESIGXER OF ENGLISH BOTAXY Src Many, O Lord God, are thy Tronderfal works -which tLou hast dose; they cannot be reckoned up in order to thee: if I -R-oiild declare antf 5peak of them; they are more than can be nombered P^.VEM xl J VOL IV LONDON: Priared by W ARDINS, L'.otI's Kott, Si- Joli-'i S tree: E^Jid; And sold by J D C and C E Sotvsrbt.No "ilead Piaee, Lambeth: LosGMAX and Co and Sherwood and Co Patemoster-ReW; Ac Vii MDCCCXSHL AMMONITES Parkinsoni Tx\B CCCVII Discoid, with numerous highly ele^ Spec Char vated radii exposed whorls numerous, the inner ones ; near the radii slightly arched, bifid ; front which is very narrow and plain VotuTiONS numerous, with shghtly convex narrow edges and nearly meet their outer ends, nearly is and flat, in the east an acute angle at upon the front, but not pass over shell sides the arched radii are bent forward at : it the edge pf tha : hollow in conse- it is quence of the removal of the siphuncle the aperture ; is oblong, narrowest towards the front This the is Ammonite so frequently split, polished, and sold at Bath its outer surface is also often ground and polished, shewing ramifying, sinuated, or simply : undulated edges which that it had to the septa, according to the depth to Misled by worked specimens, has been worked lost the flat space in the middle of the edge, I have erroneously referred this species to the ganteus, at page 55 of Vol as are found near given me by I Keynsham, and those Dr Lettsom, all The a stratum not it is known A giganteus Vol IV fine specimens and have more species before us occurs chiefly in Lyas, to contain any consequently never imbedded like the gi- of which are flatter than, even the variety a of the giganteus, whorls Am while speaking of such /3 suspect silicious deposit in it Chert or Flint, also may be found in Ae lower beds of the Ironshot Oolite, as the specimen from near Yeovil, and contains vestiges of ferruginous grains I am indebted to the kind atten- now figured is W tion of Dr E Leach for preserving gothic hands of the mason, who of the essential characters of still is it from the often as destructive fossils, as some dealers continue to be of the natural forms of recent shells, and who rob them without mercy of venerable coats that had resisted with various success the combined efforts of numerous sea-born enemies, whose ravages even, leave marks more worthy of contemplation than the formal beauty betrayed by the file or polishing brush Fig shews a cast of the margin of an outer whorl found at Shotover A section, shewing the chambers crystallized Carbonate of Lyme, is ; it is from a part Hill, near Oxford filled partially with given at tab 12 of It often extends to 18 inches or and when cut thin and viewed by more in diameter, transmitted light, offers a specious excuse for the British Mineralogy Mnscientific mason AMMONITES dentatus TAB CCCVIII Spec Char Discoid, iimbilicate, radiated front ; square* ; radii prominent and forked near their commencement^, terminating upon tlie edffes of the front Am Syn scrratus Parkinson in Trans, GeoL V 57 Soc Although this shell may be described as umbilicated, the inner whorls are in part exposed the radii are they are most prominent at a short ^lightly curved distance from their commencement, where also they are forked ; each branch is slightly enlarged and bent forward upon the edge of the front, where it ends thus the front has two serrated edges, the intermediate space being plain the aperture occupies about two-fifths of the diameter of tlie (Shell in length, and is one-fourtli in width This appears to be A serratus of Parkinson but as it is totally different from the Ammonite, to which that name had been previously given at tab 24 of this work, it has become necessary to change it : ; : : ; AMMONITES laiitus Spec Char Discoid, radiated ; inner whorls half concealed ; front narrow, slightly concave ; principal radii slender, varicose, or tuberculated near their commencement ; shorter radii alternating, united in pairs to form compressed upon the edges of the front tubercles Am SvN Soc lautus Parkinson in Trans GeoL r 58 var a, radii long, elegantly arched, var /3, cles A HE Sast, radii short, and regular irregular, with strong tuber- near their commencement inner whorls are more exposed in this than in the and the sides of the whorls generally more convex, especially in a in var /3 the lesser radii are often joined at the tubercles to the larger ones ; the form of the : aperture approaches to elliptical Figures and are from var * The ^at may siphuiicle deceive< ii nofa^timej a, and fig var decomposed away, and leaves & ; a hollow fig shewing long radii the others are intermediate and figures and irregular radii with large tubercles with undefined tubercles ; ; AMMONITES tuberculatus TAB CCCX,— Figs, 1, 2, and Spec Char Depressed, radiated ; volutions gibbose, half concealed, front rather flat ; radii arising- in threes from large round tubercles and uniting in pairs to form large compressed tubercles upon each edge of the front ; aperture suborbicular HE sides of the whorls are very convex especially in shells which have the aperture transverse, the round tubercles are placed near the middle of the side of the whorl the radii after uniting to form the flat tubercles upon each edge of the fronts, bend forward and continue over it as far as the siphuncle, which they meet the length of the mouth is about twoat nn acute angle iifths the diameter of the last whorl, its width variable JL voung ; ; with age AMMONITES proboscideiis TAB CCCX.— Figs and Depressed, tuberculated ; volutions venfront concave tubercles tricose, partly concealed upon the sides of the last whorl and both edges of Spec Char ; ; the front, subcylindrical ; aperture orbicular, var a, tubercles connected by very irregular and short radii var /3, destitute of radii — A HE orbicular aperture, and elongated nearly cylindrical there are about eight sets of tubercles only upon each whorl, in the preceding species there are 13 or more the front is broad but not well defined, The aperture is about oneand th-e siphuncle very large third the diameter of the shell wide The four species of Ammonites above described are all from a stratum of Marie below the Chalk at Folkstone ; they are also found in a similar stratum at Cambridge and other places It is difficult to divide the species, as there appears to be a regular series from that without tubercles (A dentatus) to one witli large flat tubercles upon the margin (A auritus, M C t 134-,) and to another with cylindrical tubercles at each end of the rays, (A proboscideus) ; the extremes are, however, so distinct, that it is difficult to refuse them the rank of species They are all splendidly pearly shells, but are very apt to be destroyed by the decomposition of the Pyrites, with which they are commonly more or less completely filled; those parts that are not pyritous are in the Folkstone specimens filled with klack tubercles, distinguish this species : indurated Marie : AMMONITES Gulielmii TAB CCCXI Spec Char radiated with Lenticular, ; volutions exposed a narrow front, radii dissimilar, ; terminating' in small tubercles, principal radii furnished with two tubercles near their com- mencement A VERY flat bordered by two rows of tubercles shell, that terminate the radii upon the edges of a flat front the longer radii have each a tubercle at the ment and another they divide and alternate with shorter radii arched and rather acute more than one-third A commence- at about one-third their length, ; the aperture : where they are is elliptical, as wide as long very elegantly marked Ammonite ; the specimen retains part of its pearly shell with the coat over some of it to in the clay me some Dr years ago W ; E Leach kindly pre- I suspect it was found above the Kelloways Rock This elegant shell I have named after one of Oxford friends good, a commemoration which my oldest Dr George WiUian\s, Regius Professor of Botany, an assiduous lover of gratify it volutions are filled with Carbonate of Lime, its others with Iron Pyrites sented all rather science and will, I have no doubt, many, who, when thinking of him, a reviving pleasure and esteem every will feel as I TEREBRATULA coarctata TAB CCCXIL—Figs, Spec Char to Subheptagonal, gibbose^ hispid, and decussated ; lesser valve convex, subtrilobated larger valve biplicated, with a deep angular sulcus SvN between the plaits Terebratulites coarctatus Rem Parkinson Org, III 229 Terebratula reticulata Smith Strut Si/st^ 83 Strata identified 30 fig, 10 would be more correct to describe this shell two of the sides being genethe length is rendered convex and small very rally the projecting beak the two greater than the width by Jl ERHAPs it as five than as seven-sided, : : plaits or ridges upon the larger valve appear up, whence the name : as if pinched the minute bristles that render the surface hispid, are short, often tubular, and are situated upon the angles of intersection of the two sets of lines, of which the longitudinal are elevated and cut by the transverse This is characteristic of the clay upon the Great or I have received it from C W Loscombe, Bath Oolite Esq and other friends from Hinton, near Bath, &c Supposing this to be T coarctatus of Parkinson, I have retained that name for it, and applied Smith's name reticulata to the following, which he either did not know, ; or did not think to be a distinct species Walcott his in his It is figured by Petrefactions found near Bath, No, 28 specimens are from Hampton Down ; TEREBRATULA reticulata TAB CCCXIL— Figs, Spec Char sated Obovate, gibbose, subhispid, decusfront obscurely 3-sided ; convex and ; ; lesser valve larger valve obtusely biplicated, with a shallow channel between the ridges Terebratula reticulata M HE general form of last : ? Sniith much rounder than much elevated, and the this is the ridges are not hardly rise above the surface, but appear as into it ; it is Found if of the spines pressed also a larger species in stone excavated for the alteration and im- provement of the Road between Nunney and Frome, by my kind Friend the Rev John Ireland who firs^ pointed it out as distinct 146 globose, and others more compressed bj' age but tbej generally lose some of the ornaments from their last whorls, and in their infant state are also smooth, or free from tubercles, bearing- some analogy to the higher orders of the animal creation, whose middle ages are generally the most beautiful No species perhaps undergoes a greater change than the one before us, wherefore it is named mutabilis ; AMxMONlTES subarmatus TAB CCCCVIL—>^ Spec Char Depressed, concave, ribed, inner whorls almost wholly exposed ribs ; curved, often united in pairs by smooth spines; aperture transversely oblong, arched Syn Ammonites subarmatus, Younq- and Sird, GeoL of Yorks* p -250 t 1.'), /: U TON the last formed whorls of this shell, the spines disappear, and the ribs which in the former whorls are generally split before they pass over tbe front, are not so often divided the spines continue nearly to the centre, they are hollow, and leave when the shell is removed, a blunt cost, but not a truncated tubercle as in the A- libulatus ; the whorls have convex sides and encrease rather rapidly they are contracted in some parts, in the same ; ; manner as the last It is probable that there are several species allied to this, but it will require numerous specimens of each to prove that they are not varieties the A perarmatusf of Young and llird, is one thus doubtfully situated, but most probably it is a variety of the subarmatus Found at Whitbv : * It is hoped t'nat the latp Mr Sowerby's veracity and credit, need no defence against the attack^ and false surmises of the arrogant, the Autho'-s of the Geoio;Tical Survey of tbe Yorkshire Coast, had not been lavthT noticed, but tha*, 'vhen names are iriven to «hcllo, their Publishers must be quoted, and where any merit exists, it should not be overlooked t We bad t-«s, tiib not seer :'i-j2 was t",).e Hrnl of the Yorksiiire co.im publisiicd , ^v'.iP^ pcrarma- 147 AMMOMTES fibulalu* TAB CCCCVJl.~/7o Spec Char Depressed, ribed almost wholly exposed • inner whorls ; sides of the whorls margins plain their inner liattened, ; ribs numerous, united in pairs by smooth spines , Syn aperture oblong- Ammonites armatus ? Geol of Yorkshire, A HE J) remarkable flatness of Young and 2o0, this t, shell, 13, is f JBird, encreased by the spines filling up at intervals, thecoueave space around the whorls ; tliere are now and tlien, ribs the front without uniting with that pass over spines, these ribs are more numerous in the latter whorls, with the spines ; and even alternate each rib when it leaves the spine is found divided into two, so that there are a greater number passing over the front, than exist upon the sides Found at Whitby, where The smooth spines rence it is not of very rare occur- distinguish it well from A Min Conch, tab 95 but like it they are composed of solid shell, and when broken otF, leave a flatended tubercle, compared, together with the ribs, by Young and Bird^ to a button and loop, whence its name arraatiis of ]48 AMMONITES Smithi TAB CCCCVI Spec Char and keeled inner whorls few, almost wholly exposed ribs Depressed, A curved slightly flattened ; ribed, keel obtuse ; sides ; aperture oblong BEAUTii UL pearly species that seldom acquires a di- ameter of two inches distinguish it, larly figured grows, its ribs umbilicus ; ; appear gradually the keel figs, 2, its last and is whorls, from others simiit wholly is globose, with an umbilicus whorls assume their tent size, in its infancy, (see fig 1.) ; and almost plain the flatness of ; independently of ; as it in short risings near the next formed, and at length the shape, and the ribs their flat full ex- Occurs sparingly dispersed through the same stone as A planicostatus* (tab 73,) and is mentioned at p 168 of Vol This is I named of a Geological in honor of Mr map of W Smith, the Author England, &c whose discovery of the regular succession of the strata, and the means of distinguishing them by laid the foundation for their all organized contents, has our Geological knowledge of England have taken this opportunity of adding a portion of the outer whorl of an old shell of A planicostatus, (see fig 6.) to shew that by age it acquires spines upon the sides of the flattened portion of each rib, a circumstance that ouglit to he noticed in the specific character Figs 5, 6, and 7, are several states of A planicostiitua * So the name should have been spelt INDEX TO VOL, ActeonNo* Ammonites Page 101 71 71 Brodioei 351 350 308 407/ 147 fibulatus •> 311 Gulielmii 309 lautns 80 358 Lewesiensis 145 405 mutabilis Parkiusoni 307 79 peramplus 357 72 perarmatus 352 145 Plicomphalus 359 proboscideus 310/ 4&5 148 406 Smithi 146 subarmatus 407/ tuberculatus 310 /.I— AmpHllaria Am- | g.^2 97 bulacrum S 333 S7 iVndlla subulata 73 353 Astarte obovata 13 315 rugata 109 Aunculapyramidalis379 11 AxiKUS angulatus 315 12 314 obscurus Buceinum junceum 375/ 103 103 375/ Mitnila 375/ 103 sulcatum 89 3(56 cGstellatus BuEmus 46 S37 ellipticus evulsa36l/ 2-4 S4 Casi-^ellaria 84 361/ Iffiviuscula S3 3G0 quadrat a simulataV-2 IGo 64 Cardlum porulosum 340/ 63 turgidum 34f>/ 67 Chama squamosa 34S Cof bula complanata 362 / 7 „„ ,, "* ^^* culatus ; Spirifer ainbiguus 376 minimus 3T7 f 105 105 IV Tab Pa«- e Walcottl 377 / ir i 00 Sphaera corrugata 335 12 Tellina ambigua 403 144 Branderi 14:{ 402/ 14:t filosa 402/ Terebratula acu- ^ „n* ,.> f minata affinis 24 324/ coarctata 312/.lto4 Fimbria 326 27 imbricata 334 /.3&1 40 lineata 334/.1&2 39 resupinata 325 2* i reticulata s 91 131 395/ 132 399/ 135 396/.lio:J 133 396/ 133 312/.SiS.fi Trochus nionilifer 367 Turbo moniliferus 395/ sculptus Voluta ambigua Athleta depauperata geminata 398/ 398/ Luctatorjun 397 nodosa 399/ suspensa Lima — 136 136 134 135 137 Vol 11.115/ CORRIGENDA , We arc indebted to names given Authors ; Mr Farey, for pointing out in the course of this we to us that several Work, had been used before by other therefore are obliged to alter them, which we pi'opose to «lo as follows Cerithiura Melanioides tab 147 to be Potamides^politus Trochus concavus tab 181 T, angulatus granulatus tab 220 T arenosus sulcatus tab 220 T prominen&» bicarinatus tab 221 T Tiara ornatus tab 221 T Pallium concavHS tab 272 T Sedgwicki Fusus acurainatus, tab 274 fig to 3, should be F, acicuIatMs, and Lamarek Env, de Paris, 57 added to the Synonyma CORRIGENDA Page add (tig 4.) md iiftei- hollow, add from the bottom, " Vol I." read *' Vol II." from the bottom, " Lyme" ve;id " Liim\" 1, line 11, after Hat, 1, line 8, 2, lino 5^ (fig 3.) 2," Spec." read " Gen." 9, line " on the 10, line 12, Isle of Wight" iea