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All process technology equipment and systems in oil & gas industry - Chapter 1 & 2 - Charles E. Thomas
Process Technology Equipment and Systems This page intentionally left blank Process Technology Equipment and Systems Third Edition Charles E Thomas Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Process Technology Equipment and Systems, Third Edition Charles E Thomas Vice President, Editorial: Dave Garza Director of Learning Solutions: Sandy Clark Executive Editor: David Boelio Managing Editor: Larry Main © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher Senior Product Manager: Sharon Chambliss Editorial Assistant: Jillian Borden Vice President, Marketing: Jennifer McAvey Executive Marketing Manager: Deborah S Yarnell Marketing Specialist: Mark Pierro For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-648-7450 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Production Director: Wendy Troeger Production Manager: Mark Bernard Library of Congress Control Number: 2009936916 Production Project Manager: Dewanshu Ranjan ISBN-13: 978-1-4354-9912-6 Production Service/Compositor: Pre-Press PMG ISBN-10: 1-4354-9912-3 Art Director: Benj Gleeksman Technology Project Manager: Christopher Catalina Production Technology Analyst: Thomas Stover Delmar Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions 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instructions The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material Printed in the United States of America 12 11 10 Dedication To Kimberly This page intentionally left blank Preface xv Chapter Introduction to Process Equipment 01 Key Terms 02 Basic Hand Tools 03 Rotary Equipment 04 Stationary Equipment 11 Equipment Checklists 19 Summary .20 Review Questions 22 Chapter Valves .23 Key Terms 24 Valve Applications and Theory of Operation 25 Gate Valves 26 Globe Valves 30 Ball Valves 34 Check Valves .35 Butterfly Valves .37 Plug Valves 37 Diaphragm Valves 38 Relief and Safety Valves 40 Automatic Valves 42 Valve Symbols .45 Summary .46 Review Questions 47 vii Contents Chapter Tanks, Piping, and Vessels 49 Key Terms 50 Tank Farm 51 Piping 58 Vessels 65 Materials: Carbon Steel, Alloys, and Nonferrous Alloys 66 Inspection 70 Vessel Design Sheets 73 Summary 80 Review Questions 82 Chapter Pumps 83 Key Terms 84 Pump Applications and Classification 85 Internal Slip 87 Dynamic Pumps 88 Centrifugal Pumps 89 Axial Pumps 98 Jet Pumps 99 Positive Displacement Pumps 100 Rotary Pumps 100 Reciprocating Pumps 107 Startup, Shutdown, and Troubleshooting 111 Pump Symbols 113 Summary 114 Review Questions .116 Chapter Compressors 117 Key Terms 118 Compressor Applications and Classification .118 Dynamic Compressors 120 Blowers and Fans 124 Positive-Displacement Compressors 125 Rotary Compressors 125 Supporting Equipment in a Compressor System 135 Startup, Shutdown, and Troubleshooting of Compressor Systems 136 viii Contents Compressor Symbols 138 Summary 138 Review Questions 141 Chapter Turbines and Motors 143 Key Terms 144 Kinds of Turbines 145 History of Steam Turbines 145 Operating Principles of Steam Turbines 146 Basic Components of a Steam Turbine 147 Steam Turbine Problems 152 Start Up a Steam Turbine 153 Gas Turbines 154 Electric Motors 155 Turbine and Motor Symbols 157 Summary 159 Review Questions 160 Chapter Heat Exchangers 161 Key Terms 162 Types of Heat Exchangers 163 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow 165 Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger 168 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 170 Reboilers 177 Plate-and-Frame Heat Exchangers 180 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers 182 Heat Exchangers and Systems 183 Heat Exchanger Symbols 187 Summary 187 Review Questions 189 Chapter Cooling Towers 191 Key Terms 192 Cooling Tower Applications and Theory of Operation 193 Basic Components of a Cooling Tower 194 ix ... Problems and Solutions 20 8 Cooling Tower Symbols 21 0 Summary 21 1 Review Questions 21 2 Chapter Boilers 21 3 Key Terms 21 4 Boiler Applications and Basic... 2 21 Steam Generation System 22 3 Steam System Symbols 22 5 Summary 22 6 Review Questions 22 7 Chapter 10 Furnaces 22 9 Key Terms 23 0 Furnace... 21 5 Fire-Tube Boilers 21 5 Water-Tube Boilers 21 5 Main Components 21 7 Boiler Functions 21 9 Steam 22 0 Boiler Operation 22 0 Steam Systems