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Bao gồm: + 84 Cấu trúc câu trong tiếng Anh + Cách sử dụng 7 giới từ thông dụng trong tiếng Anh + 51 Cấu trúc câu trong tiếng Anh (bao gồm 16 cấu trúc So Sánh) + [1 số cấu trúc câu khác và IDIOMS] + Câu điều kiện và 1 số cách dùng khác + Phrasal Verb từ A - W
Bao gồm: + 84 Cấu trúc câu tiếng Anh + Cách sử dụng giới từ thông dụng tiếng Anh + 51 Cấu trúc câu tiếng Anh (bao gồm 16 cấu trúc So Sánh) + [1 số cấu trúc câu khác IDIOMS] + Câu điều kiện số cách dùng khác + Phrasal Verb từ A - W [84 CẤU TRÚC CÂU TRONG TIẾNG ANH] S + V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to something: (quá làm ) e.g This structure is too easy for you to remember e.g He ran too fast for me to follow S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V: (quá mà ) e.g This box is so heavy that I cannot take it e.g He speaks so soft that we can’t hear anything It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S + V: (quá mà ) e.g It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it e.g It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to something : (Đủ cho làm ) e.g She is old enough to get married e.g They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English Have/ get + something + done (past participle): (nhờ thuê làm ) e.g I had my hair cut yesterday e.g I’d like to have my shoes repaired It + be + time + S + V (-ed, cột 2) / It’s +time +for someone +to something : (đã đến lúc phải làm ) e.g It is time you had a shower e.g It’s time for me to ask all of you for this question It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to something: (làm thời gian ) e.g It takes me minutes to get to school e.g It took him 10 minutes to this exercise yesterday To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing: (ngăn cản ai/ làm ) e.g He prevented us from parking our car here S + find+ it+ adj to something: (thấy để làm ) e.g I find it very difficult to learn about English e.g They found it easy to overcome that problem 10 To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing (Thích gì/ làm gì/ làm gì) e.g I prefer dog to cat e.g I prefer reading books to watching TV 11 Would rather ('d rather) + V (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive: (thích làm làm gì) e.g She would play games than read books e.g I’d rather learn English than learn Biology 12 To be/get Used to + V-ing: (quen làm gì) e.g I am used to eating with chopsticks 13 Used to + V (infinitive): (Thường làm qk không làm nữa) e.g I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young e.g She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day 14 To be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing: ngạc nhiên e.g I was amazed at his big beautiful villa 15 To be angry at + N/V-ing: tức giận e.g Her mother was very angry at her bad marks 16 to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing: giỏi / e.g I am good at swimming e.g He is very bad at English 17 by chance = by accident (adv): tình cờ e.g I met her in Paris by chance last week 18 to be/get tired of + N/V-ing: mệt mỏi e.g My mother was tired of doing too much housework everyday 19 can’t stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing: Khơng chịu nỗi/khơng nhịn làm e.g She can't stand laughing at her little dog 20 to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing : thích làm e.g My younger sister is fond of playing with her dolls 21 to be interested in + N/V-ing: quan tâm đến e.g Mrs Brown is interested in going shopping on Sundays 22 to waste + time/ money + V-ing: tốn tiền thời gian làm e.g He always wastes time playing computer games each day e.g Sometimes, I waste a lot of money buying clothes 23 To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing: dành thời gian làm e.g I spend hours reading books a day e.g Mr Jim spent a lot of money traveling around the world last year 24 To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dành thời gian vào việc e.g My mother often spends hours on housework everyday e.g She spent all of her money on clothes 25 to give up + V-ing/ N: từ bỏ làm gì/ e.g You should give up smoking as soon as possible 26 would like/ want/wish + to something: thích làm e.g I would like to go to the cinema with you tonight 27 have + (something) to + Verb: có để làm e.g I have many things to this week 28 It + be + something/ someone + that/ who: mà e.g It is Tom who got the best marks in my class e.g It is the villa that he had to spend a lot of money last year 29 Had better + V(infinitive): nên làm e.g You had better go to see the doctor 30 hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing e.g I always practise speaking English everyday 31 It is + tính từ + ( for smb ) + to smt VD: It is difficult for old people to learn English ( Người có tuổi học tiếng Anh khó ) 32 To be interested in + N / V_ing ( Thích / làm ) VD: We are interested in reading books on history ( Chúng tơi thích đọc sách lịch sử ) 33 To be bored with ( Chán làm ) VD: We are bored with doing the same things everyday ( Chúng chán ngày làm công việc lặp lặp lại ) 34 It’s the first time smb have ( has ) + PII smt ( Đây lần làm ) VD: It’s the first time we have visited this place ( Đây lần tới thăm nơi ) 35 enough + danh từ ( đủ ) + ( to smt ) VD: I don’t have enough time to study ( Tôi đủ thời gian để học ) 36 Tính từ + enough (đủ ) + ( to smt ) VD: I’m not rich enough to buy a car ( Tôi không đủ giàu để mua ôtô ) 37 too + tính từ + to smt ( Quá để làm ) VD: I’m to young to get married ( Tơi q trẻ để kết hôn ) 38 To want smb to smt = To want to have smt + PII ( Muốn làm ) ( Muốn có làm ) VD: She wants someone to make her a dress ( Cơ muốn may cho cô váy ) = She wants to have a dress made ( Cơ muốn có váy may ) 39 It’s time smb did smt ( Đã đến lúc phải làm ) VD: It’s time we went home ( Đã đến lúc phải nhà ) 40 It’s not necessary for smb to smt = Smb don’t need to smt ( Ai khơng cần thiết phải làm ) doesn’t have to smt VD: It is not necessary for you to this exercise ( Bạn không cần phải làm tập ) 41 To look forward to V_ing ( Mong chờ, mong đợi làm ) VD: We are looking forward to going on holiday ( Chúng mong nghỉ ) 42 To provide smb from V_ing ( Cung cấp cho ) VD: Can you provide us with some books in history? ( Bạn cung cấp cho số sách lịch sử không?) 43 To prevent smb from V_ing (Cản trở làm ) To stop VD: The rain stopped us from going for a walk ( Cơn mưa ngăn cản dạo ) 44 To fail to smt (Không làm / Thất bại việc làm gì) VD: We failed to this exercise (Chúng làm tập ) 45 To be succeed in V_ing (Thành công việc làm gì) VD: We were succeed in passing the exam (Chúng thi đỗ ) 46 To borrow smt from smb (Mượn ai) VD: She borrowed this book from the liblary ( Cô mượn sách thư viện ) 47 To lend smb smt (Cho mượn gì) VD: Can you lend me some money? ( Bạn cho tơi vay tiền không? ) 48 To make smb smt (Bắt làm gì) VD: The teacher made us a lot of homework ( Giáo viên bắt làm nhiều tập nhà ) 49 CN + be + so + tính từ + that + S + động từ ( Đến mức mà ) CN + động từ + so + trạng từ The exercise is so difficult that noone can it ( Bài tập khó đến mức khơng làm ) He spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand him ( Anh ta nói nhanh đến mức mà tơi khơng thể hiểu ) 50 CN + be + such + ( tính từ ) + danh từ + that + CN + động từ VD: It is such a difficult exercise that noone can it ( Đó tập q khó khơng làm ) 51 It is ( very ) kind of smb to smt ( Ai thật tốt bụng / tử tế làm gì) VD: It is very kind of you to help me ( Bạn thật tốt giúp tơi ) 52 To find it + tính từ + to smt VD: We find it difficult to learn English ( Chúng thấy học tiếng Anh khó ) 53 To make sure of smt ( Bảo đảm điều ) that + CN + động từ VD: I have to make sure of that information ( Tôi phải bảo đảm chắn thơng tin ) You have to make sure that you’ll pass the exam ( Bạn phải bảo đảm bạn thi đỗ ) 54 It takes ( smb ) + thời gian + to smt ( Mất ( ) thời gian để làm gì) VD: It took me an hour to this exercise ( Tôi tiếng để làm ) 55 To spend + time / money + on smt ( Dành thời gian / tiền bạc vào doing smt làm ) VD: We spend a lot of time on TV watching TV ( Chúng dành nhiều thời gian xem TV ) 56 To have no idea of smt = don’t know about smt ( Khơng biết ) VD: I have no idea of this word = I don’t know this word ( TƠI khơng biết từ ) 57 To advise smb to smt ( Khuyên làm not to smt khơng làm ) VD: Our teacher advises us to study hard ( Cô giáo khuyên học chăm ) 58 To plan to smt ( Dự định / có kế hoạch làm ) intend VD: We planed to go for a picnic intended ( Chúng dự định dã ngoại ) 59 To invite smb to smt ( Mời làm ) VD: They invited me to go to the cinema ( Họ mời xem phim ) 60 To offer smb smt ( Mời / đề nghị ) VD: He offered me a job in his company ( Anh ta mời làm việc cho công ty ) 61 To rely on smb ( tin cậy, dựa dẫm vào ) VD: You can rely on him ( Bạn tin anh ) 62 To keep promise ( Gĩư lời hứa ) VD: He always keeps promises 63 To be able to smt = To be capable of + V_ing ( Có khả làm ) VD: I’m able to speak English = I am capable of speaking English ( Tơi nói tiếng Anh ) 64 To be good at ( + V_ing ) smt ( Giỏi ( làm ) ) VD: I’m good at ( playing ) tennis ( Tôi chơi quần vợt giỏi ) 65 To prefer smt to smt ( Thích ) doing smt to doing smt làm làm VD: We prefer spending money than earning money ( Chúng thích tiêu tiền kiếm tiền ) 66 To apologize for doing smt ( Xin lỗi làm ) VD: I want to apologize for being rude to you ( Tơi muốn xin lỗi bất lịch với bạn ) 67 Had ( ‘d ) better smt ( Nên làm ) not smt ( Khơng nên làm ) VD: You’d better learn hard ( Bạn nên học chăm ) You’d better not go out ( Bạn không nên ) 68 Would ( ‘d ) rather smt Thà làm not smt đừng làm VD: I’d rather stay at home I’d rather not say at home 69 Would ( ‘d ) rather smb did smt ( Muốn làm ) VD: I’d rather you ( he / she ) stayed at home today ( Tôi muốn bạn / anh / cô nhà tối ) 70 To suggest smb ( should ) smt ( Gợi ý làm ) VD: I suggested she ( should ) buy this house 71 To suggest doing smt ( Gợi ý làm ) VD: I suggested going for a walk 72 Try to ( Cố làm ) VD: We tried to learn hard ( Chúng cố học chăm ) 73 Try doing smt ( Thử làm ) VD: We tried cooking this food ( Chúng tơi thử nấu ăn ) 74 To need to smt ( Cần làm ) VD: You need to work harder ( Bạn cần làm việc tích cực ) 75 To need doing ( Cần làm ) VD: This car needs repairing ( Chiếc ôtô cần sửa ) 76 To remember doing ( Nhớ làm ) VD: I remember seeing this film ( Tôi nhớ xem phim ) 77 To remember to ( Nhớ làm ) ( chưa làm ) VD: Remember to your homework ( Hãy nhớ làm tập nhà ) 78 To have smt + PII ( Có làm ) VD: I’m going to have my house repainted ( Tôi sơn lại nhà người khác sơn, khơng phải sơn lấy ) = To have smb smt ( Thuê làm ) VD: I’m going to have the garage repair my car = I’m going to have my car repaired 79 To be busy doing smt ( Bận rộn làm ) VD: We are busy preparing for our exam ( Chúng bận rộn chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi ) 80 To mind doing smt ( Phiền làm ) VD: Do / Would you mind closing the door for me? ( Bạn đóng cửa giúp không? ) 81 To be used to doing smt ( Quen với việc làm ) VD: We are used to getting up early ( Chúng quen dậy sớm ) 82 To stop to smt ( Dừng lại để làm ) VD: We stopped to buy some petrol ( Chúng dừng lại để mua xăng ) 83 To stop doing smt ( Thôi khơng làm ) VD: We stopped going out late ( Chúng không chơi khuya ) 84 Let smb smt ( Để làm ) VD: Let him come in ( Để vào ) [CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC GIỚI TỪ] • During = suốt (hoạt động diễn liên tục) • From = từ >< to = đến From to = từ đến (dùng cho thời gian nơi chốn) From time to time = đôi khi, • Out of = khỏi Out of + noun = hết, khơng Out of town = vắng Out of date=cũ, lạc hậu >< up to date = mới, cập nhật Out of work = thất nghiệp, việc Out of the question = Out of order = hỏng, khơng hoạt động • By: Động từ chuyển động + by = ngang qua (walk by the library) Động từ tĩnh + by = gần (your books are by the window) by + thời gian cụ thể = trước lúc, lúc (hành động lúc phải xảy ra) by + phương tiện giao thông = by then = lúc (dùng cho QK TL) by way of= theo đường = via by the way = cách tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên by the way = by the by = nhân đây, by far + so sánh (thường so sánh bậc nhất)=>dùng để nhấn mạnh by accident = by mistake = tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên >< on purose • In = bên In + month/year In time for = In good time for = Đúng (thường kịp làm gì, sớm định chút) In the street = lòng đường In the morning/ afternoon/ evening In the past/future = trước kia, khứ/ tương lai In future = from now on = từ trở In the begining/ end = at first/ last = đầu/ rốt In the way = đỗ ngang lối, chắn lối Once in a while = đôi khi, In no time at all = nháy mắt, thoáng In the mean time = meanwhile = lúc In the middle of (địa điểm)= In the army/ airforce/ navy In + the + STT + row = hàng thứ In the event that = trường hợp mà In case = để phòng khi, Get/ be in touch/ contact with Sb = liên lạc, tiếp xúc với • On = bề mặt: On + thứ tuần/ ngày tháng On + a/the + phương tiện giao thông = chuyến/ lên chuyến On + phố = địa (như B.E : in + phố) On the + STT + floor = tầng thứ On time = vừa (bất chấp điều kiện bên ngoài, nghĩa mạnh in time) On the corner of = góc phố (giữa hai phố) Chú ý: In the corner = góc At the corner = góc ngồi/ góc phố On the sidewalk = pavement = vỉa hè Chú ý: On the pavement (A.E.Biểu tượng cảm xúc frown mặt đường nhựa (Don’t brake quickly on the pavement or you can slice into another car) On the way to: đường đến >< on the way back to: đường trở On the right/left On T.V./ on the radio On the phone/ telephone = gọi điện thoại, nói chuyện điện thoại On the phone = nhà có mắc điện thoại (Are you on the phone?) On the whole= nói chung, đại thể On the other hand = nhiên= however Chú ý: On the one hand = mặt on the other hand = mặt khác (On the one hand, we must learn the basic grammar, and on the other hand, we must combine it with listening comprehension) on sale = for sale = có bán, để bán on sale (A.E.Biểu tượng cảm xúc frown bán hạ giá = at a discount (B.E) on foot = • At = At + số nhà At + thời gian cụ thể At home/ school/ work At night/noon (A.E : at noon = at twelve = trưa (she was invited to the party at noon, but she was 15 minutes late)) At least = chí ít, tối thiểu >< at most = tối đa At once =ngay Die for : thèm ǵìđến chết Die of : chết vt́ì bệnh Do away with : băi bỏ, băi miễn Do up = decorate Do with : làm đc gìnhờ có Do without : làm đc mà khơng cần Draw back : rút lui Drive at : ngụ ý, ám Drop in at SB ‘s house: ghé thăm nhà Drop off : buồn ngủ Drop out of school : bỏ học E End up :kết thúc Eat up : ăn hết Eat out : ăn F Face up to : đương đầu , đối mặt Fall back on : trông cậy , dựa vào Fall in with: mê ( fall in love with SB : yêu say đắm ) Fall behind : chậm so với dự định , rớt lại phía sau Fall through : = put off, cancel Fall off : giảm dần Fall down : thất bại Fell up to : cảm thấy đủ sức làm ǵ Fill in : điền vào Fill up with : đổ đầy Fill out : điền hết , điền Fill in for : đại diện, thay Find out : tt́ìm G Get through to sb : liên lạc với Get through : hoàn tất ( = accomplish ) , vượt qua Biểu tượng cảm xúc smile get over) Get into : vào , lên ( xe) Get in: đến , trúng cử Get off : cởi bỏ , xuống xe , khởi hành Get out of = avoid Get down : xuống, ghi lại Get sb down : làm thất vọng Get down to doing : bắt đầu nghiêm túc làm vịêc ǵì Get to doing : bắt tay vào làm việc ǵì Get round ( to doing) : xoay xở , hoàn tất Get along / on with = come along / on with Get st across : làm cho đc hiểu Get at = drive at Get back : trở lại Get up : ngủ dậy Get ahead : vượt trước Get away with : cuỗm theo Get over : vượt qua Get on one’s nerves:làm phát điên , chọc tức Give away : cho , tống , tiết lộ bí mật Give st back : trả lại Give in : bỏ Give way to : nhượng , đầu hàng( = give oneself up to ), nhường chỗ cho Give up : từ bỏ Give out : phân phát , cạn kịêt Give off : toả , phát ( mùi hương , hương vị) Go out : , lỗi thời Go out with : hẹn ḥò Go through : kiểm tra , thực công việc Go through with : kiên trì bền bỉ Go for : cố gắng giành đc Go in for : = take part in Go with : phù hợp Go without : kiêng nhịn Go off : giận, nổ tung , thối ( thức ăn ) Go off with = give away with : cuỗm theo Go ahead : tiến lên Go back on one ‘ s word : không giữ lời Go down with : mắc bệnh Go over: kiểm tra , xem xét kĩ lưỡng Go up : tăng , lên , vào đại học Go into ; lâm vào Go away : cút , khỏi Go round : đủ chia Go on : tiếp tục Grow out of : lớn vượt khỏi Grow up: trưởng thành H Hand down to = pass on to : truyền lại ( cho hệ sau,,,,) Hand in : giao nộp ( , tội phạm ) Hand back : giao lại Hand over: trao trả quyền lực Hand out : phân phát(= give out) Hang round : lảng vảng Hang on = hold on = hold off : cầm máy (điện thoại ) Hang up ( off) : cúp máy Hang out : treo Hold on off = put off Hold on: cầm máy Hold back : kiềm chế Hold up : cản trở / trấn lột J Jump at a chance /an opportunity chộp lấy hội Jump at a conclusion : vội kết luận Jump at an order : vội vàng nhận lời Jump for joy : nhảy lên sung sướng Jump into ( out of) : nhảy vào ( ra) K Keep away from = keep off : tránh xa Keep out of : ngăn cản Keep sb back from : ngăn cản không làm ǵì Keep sb from = stop sb from Keep sb together : gắn bó Keep up : giữ lại , trì Keep up with : theo kip Keep on = keep ving : tiếp tục làm Knock down = pull down : kéo đổ , sụp đổ, san Knock out : hạ gục L Lay down :ban hành, hạ vũ khí Lay out : xếp, lập dàn ý Leave sb off = to dismiss sb: cho nghỉ việc Leave out = get rid of Let sb down : làm thất vọng Let sb in / out : cho vào / , phóng thích Let sb off : tha bổng cho Lie down : nằm nghỉ Live up to: sống xứng đáng với Live on : sống dựa vào Lock up: khóa chặt Look after : chăm sóc Look at ; quan sát Look back on: nhớ lại hồi tưởng Look round : quay lại nht́n Look for: tt́m kiếm Look forward to ving: mong đợi , mong chờ Look in on : ghé thăm Look up : tra cúư ( từ điển, số điện thoại ) Look into : xem xét , nghiên cứu Look on : đứng nhìn thờ Look out : coi chừng Look out for : cảnh giác với Look over : kiểm tra Look up to : tôn trọng Look dowm on : coi thường M Make up : trang điểm, bịa chuyện Make out : phân biệt Make up for : đền bù, hoà giải với Make the way to : tt́ìm đường đến Mix out :trộn lẫn , lộn xộn Miss out : bỏ lỡ Move away: bỏ đi, Move out : chuyển Move in: chuyển đến O Order SB about ST: sai làm Owe st to sb : có đc ǵì nhờ P Pass away = to die Pass by : - go past : ngang qua , trôi qua Pass on to = hand down to : truyền lại Pass out = to faint : ngất Pay sb back : trả nợ Pay up the dept : trả hết nợ nần Point out : Pull back : rút lui Pull down = to knock down : kéo đổ , san Pull in to :vào( nhà ga ) Pull st out : lấy ǵì Pull over at : đỗ xe Put st aside : cất , để dành Put st away : cất Put through to sb : liên lạc với Put down : hạ xuống Put down to : lí Put on : mặc vào ; tăng cân Put up : dựng lên , tăng giá Put up with : tha thứ, chịu đựng Put up for : xin ngủ nhờ Put out : dập tắt Put st/ sb out : đưa / ngồi Put off : trì hỗn R Run after : truy đuổi Run away/ off from : chạy trốn Run out (of) : cạn kiệt Run over : đè chết Run back : quay trở lại Run down : cắt giảm , ngừng phục vụ Run into : tt́nh cờ gặp , đâm xô , lâm vào Ring after : gọi lại sau Ring off : tắt máy ( điện thoại ) S Save up : để giành See about = see to : quan tâm , để ý See sb off : tạm biệt See sb though : nhận chất See over = go over Send for: yêu cầu , mời gọi Send to :đưa vào ( bệnh viện , nhà tù Send back : trả lại Set out / off : khởi hành , bắt đầu Set in: bắt đầu ( dùng cho thời tiết) Set up :dựng lên Set sb back: ngăn cản Settle down : an cư lập nghiệp Show off: khoe khoang , khoác lác Show up :đến tới Shop round : mua bán loanh quanh Shut down : sập tiệm , phá sản Shut up : ngậm miệng lại Sit round : ngồi nhàn rỗi Sit up for : chờ tận khuya Slown down : chậm lại Stand by: ủng hộ Stand out : bật Stand for : đại diện, viết tắt của, khoan dung Stand in for : chỗ Stay away from : tránh xa Stay behind: lại Stay up :đi ngủ muộn Stay on at: lại trường để học them T Take away from : lấy đi, làm nguôi Take after : giống đúc Take sb / st back to : đem trả laị Take down : lấy xuống Mistake sb for sb else : nhầm với Take in : lừa gạt , hiểu Take on : tuyển thêm , lấy thêm người Take off : cất cánh , cởi tháo bỏ Take over : giành quyền kiểm soát Take up : đảm nhận, chiếm giữ ( không gian ), bắt đầu làm ǵ ( thành thú tiêu khiển) Take to : yêu thích Talk sb into st : thuyết phục Talk sb out of : cản trở Throw away : ném , vứt hẳn Throw out; vứt đi, tống cổ Tie down : ràng buộc Tie in with : buộc chặt Tie sb out = wear sb out = exhaust sb Tell off : mắng mỏ Try on: thử ( quần áo ) Try out : thử ( máy móc ) Turn away= turn down : ;từ chối Turn into : chuyển thành Turn out; sx , hoá Turn on / off: mở, tắt Turn up / down : vặn to , nhỏ ( âm lượng ) Turn up: xuất hịên , đến tới Turn in: ngủ U Use up: sử dụng hết ,cạn kiệt W Wait for: đợi Wait up for: đợi đến tận khuya Watch out /over= look out Watch out for: = look out for Wear off: tác dụng , biến , nhạt dần Wear sb out = exhaust sb Work off: loại bỏ Work out: tt́m cách giải Work up: làm khuấy động Wipe out: huỷ diệt / exhaust sb Write down: viết vào III.6 Một số mẫu câu thường gặp Cấu trúc câu mang nghĩa bao hàm – Đó lối nói gộp hai ý câu làm thông qua số cụm từ Hai thành phần câu phải tương đương mặt từ loại: danh từ với danh từ, tính từ với tính từ, 1.1 Not only but also (khơng mà ) S + verb + not only + noun/adj/adv + but also + noun/adj/adv Hoặc: S + not only verb + but also + verb Robert is not only talented but also handsome He writes not only correctly but also neatly She can play not only the guitar but also the violin She not only plays the piano but also composes music Thành phần sau 'but also' thường định thành phần sau 'not only' Incorrect: He is not only famous in Italy but also in Switzerland Correct: He is famous not only in Italy but also in Switzerland 1.2 As well as (vừa vừa ) – Cũng giống cấu trúc trên, thành phần đằng trước đằng sau cụm từ phải tương đương với S + verb + noun/adj/adv + as well as + noun/adj/adv Hoặc: S + verb + as well as + verb Ví dụ: Robert is talented as well as handsome He writes correctly as well as neatly She plays the guitar as well as the violin Paul plays the piano as well as composes music Chú ý: Không nhầm thành ngữ với as well as tượng đồng chủ ngữ mang nghĩa với The teacher, as well as her students, is going to the concert My cousins, as well as Tim, have a test tomorrow 1.3 Both and (vừa vừa) – Công thức dùng giống hệt not only but also Both dùng với and, không dùng với as well as Robert is both talented and handsome Paul both plays the piano and composes music Một số cấu trúc câu cầu khiến 2.1 To have sb sth = to get sb to sth = khiến ai, bảo làm I’ll have Peter fix my car I’ll get Peter to fix my car 2.2 To have/to get sth done = làm việc cách thuê người khác I have my hair cut (Tơi cắt tóc - khơng phải tự cắt) I have my car washed (Tôi mang xe rửa ngồi dịch vụ - khơng phải tự rửa) Theo khuynh hướng động từ to want would like dùng với mẫu câu vậy: To want/ would like Sth done (ít dùng) I want/ would like my car washed 2.3 To make sb sth = to force sb to sth = Bắt buộc phải làm The bank robbers made the manager give them all the money The bank robbers forced the manager to give them all the money Đằng sau tân ngữ “make” dùng tính từ: To make sb/sth + adj Wearing flowers made her more beautiful Chemical treatment will make this wood more durable 2.4 To make sb + P2 = làm cho bị Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday 2.5 To cause sth + P2 = làm cho bị The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged 2.6 To let sb sth = to permit/allow sb to sth = ai, cho phép làm I let me go At first, she doesn’t allow me to kiss her but Lối nói phụ họa 3.1 Phụ họa câu khẳng định – Khi muốn nói người vật làm việc người, vật khác làm việc vậy, người ta dùng so too Để tránh phải lặp lại từ câu trước (mệnh đề chính), người ta dùng liên từ and thêm câu đơn giản (mệnh đề phụ) có sử dụng so too Ý nghĩa hai từ có nghĩa “cũng thế” John went to the mountains on his vacation, and we did too John went to the mountains on his vacation, and so did we I will be in Vietnam in May, and they will too I will be in Vietnam in May, and so will they He has seen her play, and the girls have too He has seen her play, and so have the girls We are going to the movie tonight, and he is too We are going to the movie tonight, and so is he She will wear a custom to the party, and we will too She will wear a custom to the party, and so will we Picaso was a famous painter, and Rubens was too Picaso was a famous painter, and so was Rubens Tuỳ theo từ dùng mà cấu trúc câu có thay đổi: – Khi mệnh đề có động từ be thời mệnh đề phụ dùng từ be thời Affirmative statement (be) + and + S + verb + too Affirmative statement (be) + and + so + verb + S I am happy, and you are too I am happy, and so are you – Khi mệnh đề có cụm trợ động từ + động từ], ví dụ will go, should do, has done, have written, must consider, trợ động từ mệnh đề dùng lại mệnh đề phụ They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you – Khi mệnh đề khơng phải động từ be, khơng có trợ động từ, bạn phải dùng từ do, does, did làm trợ động từ thay Thời thể trợ động từ phải chia theo chủ ngữ mệnh đề phụ Affirmative statement + and + S + do/does/did + too Affirmative statement + and + so + do/does/did + S Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister 3.2 Phụ hoạ câu phủ định – Cũng giống too so câu khẳng định, để phụ hoạ câu phủ định, người ta dùng 'either' (cũng) 'neither' (cũng không) Ba quy tắc trợ động từ, động từ be do, does, did áp dụng giống Ta gói gọn quy tắc vào công thức sau: Negative statement + and + S + negative auxiliary (or be) + either Negative statement + and + neither + positive auxiliary (or be) + S I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John She won’t be going to the conference, and her friends won’t either She won’t be going to the conference, and neither will her friends John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and I haven’t either John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and neither have I Các cấu trúc khác 4.1 Enough: đủ….để làm • Đi với tính từ trạng từ, enough thường đứng sau: S + verb + adv + enough + (for somebody) + to + verb… S + tobe + adj + enough + (for somebody) + to + verb… Ví dụ: Coffee is hot enough for me to drink This exercise is easy enough for us to This motorbike drives fast enough to Ha Dong • Đi với danh từ, enough thường đứng trước: S + verb + enough + noun (for somebody) + to verb… S + verb + enough + for something Ví dụ: I have enough money to buy a car They grow enough rice to live It’s enough time for us to the exercise Have you got enough vegetable for dinner? Do you have enough sugar for the cake? 4.2 Too…: để làm Cấu trúc điễn tả mức độ vượt q khả để làm Cấu trúc: S + verb + too + adv + (for somebody) + to + verb … S + tobe + too + adj + (for somebody) + to + verb… Ví dụ: The coffee is too hot for me to drink He is too young to love He spoke too quickly for us to understand The bus drives too fast for us to keep pace with 4.3 So/such….that….: mà • So ….that… Cấu trúc: S + tobe + so + adj + that + a clause S + verb + so + adv + that + a clause Ví dụ: The exercise is so difficult that I can’t it The food is so hot that we can’t eat it He spoke so quickly that I can’t hear him The bus drives so fast that they can’t catch it • Such…that… Cấu trúc: S/it + tobe + such + (a/an)+ adj + noun + that + a clause S/it + verb + such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that + a clause Ví dụ: It is such a difficult exercise that we can’t it We bought such a modern car that we couldn’t dream Chú ý: danh từ khơng đếm khơng dùng “a/an” This is such difficult homework that we can’t finish it He invested such much money that we couldn’t imagine 4.4 Adj + to verb Cấu trúc: It + tobe + adj + for somebody + to verb… Ví dụ: It’s necessary for us to protect environment It’s difficult for him to pass the exam 4.5 It’s + adj + of + object + to + verb… Ví dụ: It’s kind of him to help me = He is kind to help me (anh ta thật tốt bụng giúp đỡ tôi) It’s cowardly of him to run away= he is cowardly to run away (anh ta thật hèn nhát bỏ chạy) 4.6 It takes/took + object + khoảng thời gian + to verb… = somebody spend/spent + khoảng thời gian + V-ing…: để làm việc Ví dụ: It takes me 15 minutes to go to school by bike = I spend 15 minutes going to school by bike It took him a year to study English = He spent a year studying English It took her hours to type this document = She spent hours typing this document 4.7 It’s + khoảng thời gian + since + clause (simple past): từ khi…… Ví dụ: It’s a week since I saw Nam It’s a year since they visited me It’s ages since it rained here 4.8 It’s the first time + clause (present perfect): lần đầu tiên… = …… before Ví dụ: It’s the first time I’ve ever visited this town = I’ve never visited this town before It’s the first time he has ever sent me a letter = He has never sent me a letter before It’s the first time she has ever arrived late = She has never arrived late before 4.9 It is/was not until + time + that + clause: khi……… Ví dụ: It was not until 1990 that she became a teacher (mãi đến năm 1990,cô trở thành giáo viên) It was not until 1915 that the cinema really became an industry (mãi đến năm 1915 điện ảnh thực trở thành ngành công nghiệp) Bài tập 1: Phụ họa với câu đây: Ví dụ: Nam likes fish (I) –> Nam likes fish, so I He came early, (she) She knows you quite well, (her husband) My friend lived in Hai Phong, (his sister) These books don’t belong to me, (those) I don’t believe it, (my friend) I don’t like the hot weather, (my wife) Trees don’t grow very well here, (grass) Bài tập 2: Kết hợp hai câu sau, sử dụng "too " or "enough ": It was very dark I couldn`t see the words It was early I couldn`t tell you once more story Dick is very clever He can learn this in a short time My mother is very old She cannot that work That house isn`t large We can`t stay there for the night Daisy was very short She couldn`t reach the picture Jack is very clever He can this work The little girl was so shy She couldn`t tell me the story The driver was very hurried He couldn`t wait for me Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu sau với từ cho sẵn cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi It’s the first time they’ve ever bought me a present –> They……………………………… Peter isn’t tall enough to reach the bookself –> Peter is…………………………………… John worked very carefully It took him a long time to finish his work –> John worked so…………………………………………… Thank you for helping me –> It was very kind ………………… Mrs Green told Alice to take the books home –> Mrs Green had …………………………… You can’t understand those things because you are too young –> You aren’t ……………………………………………… This shirt is too dirty for me to wear –> This shirt isn’t ………………………… Boiling an egg is not difficult –> It’s………………………… We spent hours getting to London –> It took……………………………… 10 They last visited me five years ago –> They haven’t ………………… 11 His briefcase was too full for the zip fastener to close properly –> His briefcase was so full…………………………… 12 The last time I played football was in 1971 –> I haven’t…………………………………… 13 Their dog was so fierce that nobody would visit them –> They had………………………………………… 14 The noise next door didn’t stop until after midnight –> It was not…………………………………… Bài tập 4: Kết hợp câu dùng “not only…but also” “both….and” He is interested in planting orchids He is interested in collecting butterflies (not only….but also…) You can visit the West End in London You can visit the East End in London (both….and ) You can attend the party Your sister can attend the party (both….and…) She can sing beautifully She can play the piano well (not only….but also…) I can drink coffee black I can drink coffee with sugar (both…and…) She is good at maths She is good at English (not only ….but also….) Xem đáp án Bài 1: He came early, so did she/she did too She knows you quite well, her husband does too My friend lived in Hai Phong, so did his sister These books don’t belong to me, those don’t either / neither those I don’t believe it, my friend doesn’t either I don’t like the hot weather, neither does my wife Trees don’t grow very well here, grass does neither Bài 2: It was too dark for me to see the words It was too early for me to tell you once more story Dick is clever enough to learn this in a short time My mother is too old to that work That house isn`t large enough for us to stay there for the night Daisy was too short to reach the picture Jack is clever enough to this work The little girl was too shy to tell me the story The driver was too hurried to wait for me Bài 3: It’s the first time they’ve ever bought me a present –> They have never bought me a present before Peter isn’t tall enough to reach the bookself –> Peter is too short to reach the bookself John worked very carefully It took him a long time to finish his work –> John worked so carefully that it took him a long time to finish his work Thank you for helping me –> It was very kind of you to help me Mrs Green told Alice to take the books home –> Mrs Green had Alice take the books home Hoặc: –> Mrs Green had the books taken home by Alice You can’t understand those things because you are too young –> You aren’t old enough to understand those things This shirt is too dirty for me to wear –> This shirt isn’t clean enough for me to wear Boiling an egg is not difficult –> It’s easy to boil an egg We spent hours getting to London –> It took us hours to get to London 10 They last visited me five years ago –> They haven’t visited me for five years 11 His briefcase was too full for the zip fastener to close properly –> His briefcase was so full that the zip fastener couldn’t close properly 12 The last time I played football was in 1971 –> I haven’t played football since 1971 13 Their dog was so fierce that nobody would visit them –> They had such a fierce dog that nobody would visit them 14 The noise next door didn’t stop until after midnight –> It was not until after midnight that the noise next door stopped Bài 4: He is interested in not only planting orchids but also collecting butterflies You can visit both the West End and the East End in London Both you and your sister can attend the party the party She can not only sing beautifully but also play the piano well I can drink both coffee black and coffee with sugar She is good at not only maths but also English ... office this morning) 22/Cấu trúc : …because + S + V : (Tai was worried because it had started to rain.) …because of/ due to/ + Noun : (Tai was worried because of the rain) 23/Cấu trúc : Although/... Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday ) 33/Cấu trúc : to cause sth P2 = làm cho bị ( The big thunder storm caused waterfront houses damaged ) 34/Cấu trúc : to let sb sth = to permit/allow... làm cho bị Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday 2.5 To cause sth + P2 = làm cho bị The big thunder storm caused many waterfront houses damaged