... Rocks and mineRals THe ResTless eaRTH Earthquakes and Volcanoes Fossils Layers of the Earth Mountains and Valleys Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans Rocks and Minerals e s l T s s e e aRTh R e h T Rocks and. .. volcanoes as lava When the molecules hit the air, they cool down quickly, stacking as fast as they can to form minerals Because they cool so fast, the minerals are small and close together When this... through the rocks, it chips off molecules from the minerals it touches But as the water cools, the molecules reattach to different rocks When they do, they form new minerals, called hydrothermal minerals