Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition Tortora Test Bank (This is completed downloadable package TEST BANK for Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition by Gerard J Tortora , Bryan H Derrickson) Package Title: Testbank Course Title: PAP 14 Chapter Number: 03 Question type: Multiple Choice 1) What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? a) plasma membrane, organelles, cytoplasm b) plasma membrane, organelles, nucleus c) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles d) plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus e) plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.1 Name and describe the three main parts of a cell Section Reference 1: Sec 3.1 Parts of a Cell Question type: Essay 2) Briefly describe the fluid mosaic model Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane Solution: The fluid mosaic model states that the molecular arrangement of the plasma membrane resembles an ever-moving sea of fluid lipids containing a mosaic of many different proteins Question type: Multiple Choice 3) The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are a) phospholipids, glycoproteins, and water b) proteins, cholesterol, and fatty acids c) cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycolipids d) phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids e) phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 4) What are the nonpolar parts of phospholipids? a) phosphate-containing head groups b) fatty acid tail groups c) Both the head and tail groups are nonpolar d) Neither the head nor tail groups are nonpolar Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 5) The polar portion of a cholesterol molecule, which forms hydrogen bonds with the polar heads of neighboring phospholipids and glycolipids, consists of a a) –OH group b) –CH3 group c) –CH4 group d) –COOH group e) None of these choices is correct Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 6) This type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid a) complement protein b) transmembrane protein c) peripheral protein d) lipoprotein e) All of these choices are correct Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane Question type: Essay 7) Describe five different functions of integral membrane proteins Answer: Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane Solution: Some membrane proteins act as ion channels or carriers that transport substances across the membrane Other membrane proteins act as receptors that allow the cell to respond to various types of ligands Other membrane proteins are enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions Still other membrane proteins act as linker proteins that anchor cells to neighboring structures including other cells Lastly, some membrane proteins serve as cell identity molecules Question type: Multiple Choice 8) This type of membrane protein enables cells to catalyze specific chemical reactions at the inner or outer surface of their plasma membrane a) receptors b) phospholipids c) cholesterol d) enzymes e) ligands Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 9) Which of the following types of membrane proteins function by recognizing and binding to hormones and neurotransmitters? a) transporters b) receptors c) enzymes d) linkers e) cell identification markers Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 10) This type of membrane protein anchors cells to neighboring cells and to protein filaments found outside or inside the cell a) transporters b) receptors c) ligands d) ion channels e) linkers Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 11) Plasma membranes are _, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals not a) selectively permeable b) concentration graded c) electrically graded d) selectively soluble e) electrical insulators Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the plasma membrane structural and functional properties Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.2 Explain the concept of selective permeability Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 12) Which of the following does NOT influence the rate of diffusion of a chemical across a plasma membrane? a) concentration gradient of the chemical across the membrane b) mass of the diffusing chemical c) distance that the chemical has to diffuse d) amount of ATP available e) temperature Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane Question type: Essay 13) Briefly describe the driving force for the movement of water across plasma membranes Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane Solution: Water moves across membranes by osmosis, which is driven by solute concentration differences across the membrane Water moves from the area of low solute concentration to the area of high solute concentrations Question type: Multiple Choice 14) This is a measure of a solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content a) filtration b) normality c) tonicity d) equivalency e) facilitation Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 15) This is the transport process by which gases, like O2 and CO2, move through a membrane a) osmosis b) active transport c) secondary active transport d) simple diffusion e) endocytosis Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 16) In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane a) osmosis b) active transport c) secondary active transport d) facilitated diffusion e) endocytosis Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 17) In this transport process, the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients a) primary active transport b) secondary active transport c) facilitated diffusion d) passive diffusion e) osmosis Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 18) If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis a) into the cell b) out of the cell c) into and out of the cell at the same rate resulting in no net water movement d) All of these answer choices are correct e) None of these answers are correct Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 19) What transport process uses the energy stored in a Na+ or H+ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients? a) primary active transport b) secondary active transport c) facilitated diffusion d) passive diffusion e) osmosis Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 20) Which of the following transport processes uses vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete materials into the extracellular fluid? a) endocytosis b) exocytosis c) facilitated diffusion d) osmosis e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 21) Which of the following transport process uses vesicles formed at the plasma membrane to take up extracellular substances and import them into the cell? a) endocytosis b) exocytosis c) facilitated diffusion d) osmosis e) Both endocytosis and exocytosis Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane Question type: Essay 22) List the steps involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane Solution: The steps involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis include 1)ligand binding, 2)vesicle formation, 3)uncoating of the vesicle, 4)fusion of the vesicle with endosome, 5)recycling of receptors to the plasma membrane, and 6)degradation of the ligand in the lysosome Question type: Multiple Choice 23) During phagocytosis, binding of a particle to a plasma membrane receptor triggers formation of _, which are extensions of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte that eventually surround the particle forming a phagosome a) podocytes b) exterior vesicles c) interior vesicles d) pseudopods e) lysosomes Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 24) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cytosol? a) primarily consists of water b) cation of electron transport chain carrier proteins c) site of many important chemical reactions d) often contains aggregates of triglycerides that form lipid droplets e) contains the enzymes of glycolysis Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm 25) Specialized structures within a cell that have a characteristic shape and perform specific functions in cellular growth, maintenance and reproduction are called a) organelles b) cytoskeletons c) cytoplasm d) cytosol e) nuclei Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm 26) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell’s a) cytoskeleton b) nucleus c) plasma membrane d) flagella e) ribosome Answer: a Difficulty: Easy 53) In the diagram, which panel shows cells that are in interphase? 1A 2C 3F a) only b) only c) only d) and e) 1, 2, and Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.7 Understand the events and processes involved in cell division Study Objective 2: SO 3.7.1 Discuss the stages, events, and significance of somatic and reproductive cell division Section Reference 1: Sec 3.7 Cell Division Question type: Essay 54) Compare and contrast primary and secondary active transport Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane Solution: Both are energy requiring transport processes that are capable of moving substances against their concentration gradients Energy obtained from hydrolysis of ATP drives primary active transport, while energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient drives secondary active transport 55) Compare mitosis to meiosis Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.7 Understand the events and processes involved in cell division Study Objective 2: SO 3.7.1 Discuss the stages, events, and significance of somatic and reproductive cell division Section Reference 1: Sec 3.7 Cell Division Solution: Mitosis is somatic cell division that produces two identical cells with the same number (diploid) and kinds of chromosomes as the original cell Meiosis is reproductive cell division that produces cells in which the number of chromosomes in the nucleus is reduced in half (haploid) Question type: Multiple Choice 56) What structural component of the membrane is labeled (E) in the diagram? a) glycoprotein b) cholesterol c) channel protein d) glycolipid e) phospholipid Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 57) What structural components of the membrane are labeled (C) in the diagram? a) peripheral proteins b) cholesterol molecules c) pores d) integral proteins e) phospholipids Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 58) What structural component of the membrane is labeled (B) in the diagram? a) glycoprotein b) cholesterol c) glycolipid d) channel protein e) phospholipid Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 58) Which of the following represents an ion channel? a) F b) C c) D d) A e) E Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 59) Which of the following shows ligand binding at the cell surface? a) B b) C c) D d) A e) E Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 60) Most intravenous solutions are _ with respect to blood cells? a) tonicity b) isotonic c) hypertonic d) osmotic e) hypotonic Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 61) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in receptor-mediated endocytosis shown in the figure? a) binding > degradation in lysosomes > vesicle formation > uncoating > recycling of receptors to plasma membrane > fusion with endosome b) degradation in lysosomes > fusion with endosome > recycling of receptors to plasma membrane > uncoating > vesicle formation > binding c) degradation in lysosomes > recycling of receptors to plasma membrane > fusion with endosome > uncoating > vesicle formation > binding d) binding > vesicle formation > uncoating > fusion with endosome > recycling of receptors to plasma membrane > degradation in lysosomes e) binding > uncoating > vesicle formation > fusion with endosome > degradation in lysosomes > recycling of receptors to plasma membrane Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 62) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis shown in the figure? a) pseudopods surround particle > phagosome formed > fusion of lysosome and phagosome > digestion by lysosomal enzymes > residual body formed b) phagosome formed > pseudopods surround particle > fusion of lysosome and phagosome > digestion by lysosomal enzymes > residual body formed c) phagosome formed > pseudopods surround particle > fusion of lysosome and phagosome > residual body formed > digestion by lysosomal enzymes d) residual body formed > phagosome formed > pseudopods surround particle > fusion of lysosome and phagosome > digestion by lysosomal enzymes e) fusion of lysosome and phagosome > residual body formed > phagosome formed > pseudopods surround particle > digestion by lysosomal enzymes Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 63) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in bulk-phase endocytosis shown in the figure? a) plasma membrane forms vesicle around extracellular droplets > fusion of lysosome and vesicle > vesicle formed pinches off into cytosol > digestion by enzymes > solutes released b) solutes released > plasma membrane forms vesicle around extracellular droplets > fusion of lysosome and vesicle > vesicle formed pinches off into cytosol > digestion by enzymes c) vesicle formed pinches off into cytosol > solutes released > plasma membrane forms vesicle around extracellular droplets > fusion of lysosome and vesicle > digestion by enzymes d) vesicle formed pinches off into cytosol > plasma membrane forms vesicle around extracellular droplets > fusion of lysosome and vesicle > digestion by enzymes > solutes released e) plasma membrane forms vesicle around extracellular droplets > vesicle formed pinches off into cytosol > fusion of lysosome and vesicle > digestion by enzymes > solutes released Answer: e Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 64) Which of the following transport processes moves substances through cells using endocytosis on one side of a cell and exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell? a) phagocytosis b) secondary active transport c) transcytosis d) osmosis e) simple diffusion Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.3 Describe the processes that transport substances across the plasma membrane Section Reference 1: Sec 3.3 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 65) Which disease below is an inherited condition characterized by the absence of a single lysosomal enzyme called Hex A? a) Tay-Sachs disease b) leukemia c) progeria d) lymphoma e) Werner syndrome Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm 66) Which organelle is responsible for synthesis of steroids, phospholipids and functions as a reservoir for Ca2+? a) mitochondrion b) secretory vesicle c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum d) rough endoplasmic reticulum e) lysosome Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm 67) What other organelle besides the nucleus contain DNA? a) Golgi complex b) lysosome c) ribosomes d) mitochondrion e) centrosome Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm 68) This is the site of synthesis of rRNA and assembly of rRNA and proteins into ribosomal subunits a) nucleus b) nucleolus c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum d) rough endoplasmic reticulum e) Golgi complex Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.5 Describe the structure and function of the nucleus Section Reference 1: Sec 3.5 Nucleus 69) What compound would a cell lacking ribosomes be unable to make? a) lipids b) nucleotides c) proteins d) carbohydrates e) phospholipids Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Study Objective 1: SO 3.6 Describe the sequence of events in protein synthesis Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm Section Reference 1: Sec 3.6 Protein Synthesis 70) The following is a particular sequence of base triplet on a DNA molecule: ATG What is the corresponding codon for the mRNA? a) TAC b) GUA c) GTA d) CTA e) UAC Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.6 Describe the sequence of events in protein synthesis Section Reference 1: Sec 3.6 Protein Synthesis 71) The following is a particular sequence of codon on mRNA: ACU What is the corresponding anti-codon for the tRNA? a) UGA b) UCA c) TGA d) TCA e) AUC Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.6 Describe the sequence of events in protein synthesis Section Reference 1: Sec 3.6 Protein Synthesis Question type: Essay 72) Describe the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.4 Describe the structure and function of cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelles Section Reference 1: Sec 3.4 Cytoplasm Solution: The cytoplasm is all the cellular material (organelles and fluid) between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, while the cytosol is only the fluid portion of the cytoplasm Question type: Multiple Choice 73) The difference in concentration of a specific chemical, like Na+, on the inside and outside of a plasma is referred as a(n) a) electrochemical potential b) membrane potential c) electrical gradient d) concentration gradient e) biological capacitance Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.2 Describe structure and functions of the plasma membrane Study Objective 2: SO 3.2.3 Define the electrochemical gradient and describe its components Section Reference 1: Sec 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 74) An orderly, genetically programmed cell death is referred to as , while disorganized pathological cell death is referred to as a) apoptosis; synapsis b) apoptosis; necrosis c) necrosis; apoptosis d) synapsis; necrosis e) necrosis; synapsis Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 3.9 Describe the cellular changes that occur with aging Section Reference 2: Sec 3.9 Aging and Cells 75) Which of the cells in the diagram contains structural adaptations that increase surface area for absorption? 1B 2C 3D 4E a) and b) only c) only d) only e) only Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 3.8 Describe how cells differ in size and shape Section Reference 2: Sec 3.8 Cellular Diversity Related direct download links: principles of anatomy and physiology 14th edition test bank pdf principles of anatomy and physiology test bank free principles of anatomy and physiology 13th edition test bank free principles of anatomy and physiology test bank download principles of anatomy and physiology 14th edition study guide principles of anatomy and physiology 14th edition test bank free principles of anatomy and physiology 14th edition quizlet test bank for anatomy and physiology 10th edition