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In recent years, tourism and its related economic influences have taken place within a wider context of gay and lesbian tourism that also refer to queering tourism. The World Tourism Organization classifies queering tourism as a type of niche market, target on gay and lesbian, about their sexual preference who seeks to travel to destinations that are LGBTfriendly (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) in order to participate in activities that embraces the homosexual lifestyle. Regarding to special market position, LGBT tourism is increasingly becoming a concentration of many tourist destinations and moreover, there are also a number of advantages that may be derived from gay and lesbian tourism.
Contemporary Issues in Tourism LGBT tourism In recent years, tourism and its related economic influences have taken place within a wider context of gay and lesbian tourism that also refer to queering tourism The World Tourism Organization classifies queering tourism as a type of niche market, target on gay and lesbian, about their sexual preference who seeks to travel to destinations that are LGBT-friendly (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) in order to participate in activities that embraces the homosexual lifestyle Regarding to special market position, LGBT tourism is increasingly becoming a concentration of many tourist destinations and moreover, there are also a number of advantages that may be derived from gay and lesbian tourism [ CITATION Jef07 \l 5129 ] The majority of LGBT community consists of SINKs and DINKs means single or double income with no kids; thus they have more money and time for travelling [CITATION Aus13 \l 5129 ] Moreover, LGBT consumer considered as upper class customers and have high demand in personal service; thus they are often targeted to high end item, including luxury travel, gourmet foods [ CITATION Ken12 \l 5129 ] According to Travel Industry of America, gay and lesbian couples have more travel habitual than straight couples, as 85% of the GLBT community travels for the holiday at least once each year [ CITATION Jef07 \l 5129 ] In addition, a recent study show that the destination choice is very important because they need to travel to the safe place where no discrimination against gay and lesbian tourist As one of the most gay-friendly countries in the world, USA is an attractive destination for gay and lesbian tourists [ CITATION Mel14 \l 5129 ] In early 2014, among the top 20 markets for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender, USA is the most profitable country from LGBT spending, with approximately USD56.5 billion [ CITATION LGB13 \l 5129 ] Another example is about American Airlines, known as the leader in actively Contemporary Issues in Tourism target the LGBT market and now generates a million dollars in revenue from the segment [CITATION Ame13 \l 5129 ] In terms of American Airline’s position, they have significant sustainable competitive advantages compared to other airlines that also adopting a strategy of targeting the LGBT segment thereafter [ CITATION Pur09 \l 5129 ] The lesbian and gay tourism not only impact on the country’s economy, but more specifically, the regional economy also affected The issue will be examined in case of the Castro - San Francisco’s gay and lesbian center The Castro represents for an economic success that brings profit all year around with many events served to the LGBT network along with everyday business Besides, the economic impact of queering tourism is widespread creating a new economic opportunity for local tourism and hospitality For over 40 years, the number of restaurants in the Castro had risen 214%, and a lot of commercial places have opened for people who identify as homosexuality These establishments lead the Castro to higher spending and high tourist traffic, in which not only local residents are going to the streets, but foreigner also come to visit the Castro [ CITATION Boy11 \l 1033 ] Furthermore, according to gaytravel.com, the best event of the LGBT community is Sydney Mardi Gras This event encourages the participation of LGBT community and straight people as well; hence it makes a significant contribution to the local economy and indirect influence on the global economy through tourism suppliers [ CITATION Lyn05 \l 5129 ] There is a fact that the Sydney Mardi Gras event not only is not affected by the economic recession, but conversely, the event is beneficial for the local economy Consequently, Sydney Mardi Gras is getting larger each year and attract a lot of visitors as well as earning profit from growing tourism market [ CITATION Mar02 \l 5129 ] In social terms, the legal recognition of LGBT or the same sex marital as well has not only created a powerful factor on increasing LGBT tourist, but also raise Contemporary Issues in Tourism the awareness of gender issue and the more important is an image of tolerance, respect [CITATION Wor12 \l 5129 ] Indeed, there is a perspective that the LGBT community, not just examine by their sexuality, age, social class but their social responsibility In the world of travel and tourism, LGBT consumer considers as a meaningful market segment [ CITATION Jea13 \l 5129 ] Specifically, as an example of Sydney Mardi Gras event with the bigger scale each year The event is an evidence for Sydney people’s attitude toward gay and lesbian tourist Every year, all visitors come to the event, gather together to celebrate and offering gays and lesbians a chance to express their opinion to societies This kind of tourist activity provides the positive impact not only for Australia’s image, but it is also an opportunity for LGBT to identify themselves and raise the development of the community [CITATION Wor12 \n \l 5129 ] To conclude, LGBT tourism has been marked to play an important role in the socio-economic development Regarding to social impacts of tourism, positive aspects of LGBT tourism are raising conscious efforts on social awareness and the mutual understanding among the societies Even more, beyond social benefit, lesbian and gay tourism as one of the fastest growing niche markets in the world, also quite resistant to economic turbulences and contribute a huge amount of profit to the world economy References Contemporary Issues in Tourism American Airlines (2013) American Airlines LGBT Policies, Practices and Community Recognition at a Glance Retrieved from https://www.aa.com/content/images/promos/aa-lgbt-policies.pdf Australia's gay & lesbian media specialists (2013, 18) Retrieved from Pink media group Web site: http://www.pinkmediagroup.com/uploads/files/pink_media_media_kit_ proof_18_june_2013_v3.pdf Boyd, N A (2011) San Francisco's Castro district: from gay liberation to tourist destination Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 237-248 doi:10.1080/14766825.2011.620122 Guracino, J (2007) Gay and Lesbian Tourism Elsevier/ButterworthHeinemann Jean-Franỗois, R (2013) Report for ITB Berlin ITB Corporate Social Responsibility Retrieved from http://www.itbkongress.de/media/itbk/itbk_media/itbk_pdf/praesentationen_2013/itb _business_travel_day/8_03_13_destination_day_3/gay _lesbian_travel /itb2013lgbt_presentationcmi2013_mixitb.pdf Johnston, L (2005) Queering tourism : paradoxical performances at gay pride parades New York: Routledge Kiesnoski, K (2012, 22) With a big-spending reputation, gay travelers attract suppliers Retrieved from Travel Weekly Web site: http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Travel-Agent-Issues/With-abig-spending-reputation-LGBT-travelers-attract-suppliers/ LGBT Tourism Breaks Through USD$200 Billion in Annual Spending (2013, 11 6) Retrieved from World Travel Market Web site: Contemporary Issues in Tourism http://www.wtmlondon.com/page.cfm/action=press/libID=1/libEntryID= 2343/listID=1 Markwell, K (2002) Mardi Gras Tourism and the Construction of Sydney as an International Gay and Lesbian City A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 8(1-2), 81-99 Melko, J (2014, 30) 10 Gay-Friendly Countries in the World Retrieved from Amerikanki Web site: http://travel.amerikanki.com/gay-friendlycountries-in-the-world/ Purkayastha, D (2009) American Airlines' Rainbow TeAAm and its Strategy to Target the LGBT Segment ICMR Center for Management Research World Tourism Organization (2012) Global Report on LGBT Tourism UNWTO & IGLTA ... Tourism target the LGBT market and now generates a million dollars in revenue from the segment [CITATION Ame13 l 5129 ] In terms of American Airline’s position, they have significant sustainable... compared to other airlines that also adopting a strategy of targeting the LGBT segment thereafter [ CITATION Pur09 l 5129 ] The lesbian and gay tourism not only impact on the country’s economy, but... not only local residents are going to the streets, but foreigner also come to visit the Castro [ CITATION Boy11 l 1033 ] Furthermore, according to gaytravel.com, the best event of the LGBT community