jj MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI NGA A STUDY OF ENGLISH PROVERBS DENOTING MONEY WITH REFERENCE TO THE VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (TÌM HIỂU TỤC NGỮ TIẾNG ANH VỀ TIỀN TRONG SỰ LIÊN HỆ VỚI TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TIẾNG VIỆT) M.A THESIS Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Supervisor:Asso Prof Le Van Thanh Hanoi, 2016 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled:A study of English proverbs denoting money with reference to the Vietnamese equivalents submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Linguistics Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2016 Nguyen Thi Nga Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Date: i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I could not have been able to complete my thesis without the encouragement and help of my teachers, my parents and my friends First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to supervisor, Mr.Lê Văn Thanh who gave me valuable advice, guidance and suggestions in the process of my writing My sincere acknowledgement also go to all my lecturers and officers of Faculty of Graduate Studies, Hanoi Open University, who have facilitated me with the best possible conditions during my whole course of studying Finally, I am very grateful to my parents and my friends who are always by my side in order to help and courage me ii ABSTRACT The Abstract should include the following points: (i) Major issues presented in the thesis (ii) Contributions made via the research (iii) Related issues/problems left for future research iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS e.g.: For example N: Noun V: Verb Adv: Adverb Adj: Adjective Prep : Preposition Conj.: Conjunction O: Objective NP: Noun Phrases VP: Verb Phrases PP: Preposition Phrases etc.: Et cetera PsDM: Proverbs denoting money EPsDM: English proverbs denoting money VPsDM: Vietnamese proverbs denoting money iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES v TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Chapter INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rational: 1.2 Aims of the research: 1.3 Objectives of research: 1.4 Scop of the research: 1.5 Significance of the research: 1.6 Structure of the research: Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of previous studies: 2.1.1 Previous studies oversea: 2.1.2 Previous studies in Vietnam: 2.2 Theoretical background: 2.2.1 Theoretical framework: 2.2.1.1 Theory of syntax: 2.2.1.2 Theory of semantic: 2.2.2 Overview of proverbs: 2.2.2.1 Definition of English proverbs: 2.2.2.2 Definition of Vietnamese proverbs: 10 2.2.2.3 Features of proverbs: 10 2.2.2.4 Classification of English proverbs: 13 v 2.2.2.5 Distinction between proverbs and idioms: 14 2.2.3 Overview of Money 15 2.2.3.1 Definition of Money 15 2.2.3.2 Proverbs denoting Money: 16 2.3 Summary 17 Chapter METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 Research- governing orientation: 18 3.1.1 Research questions: 18 3.1.2 Research setting: 18 3.1.3 Research approaches: 18 3.1.4 Principles/criteria for intended data collection and data analysis 19 3.2 Research methods: 19 3.2.1 Major methods and supporting methods: 19 3.2.2 Data collection techniques 20 3.2.3 Data analysis techniques 20 3.3 Summary 21 Chapter FINDING AND DISCUSSION 23 4.1 Structural features of English proverbs denoting money: 23 4.1.1 Phrase structures 23 4.1.1.1 Noun Phrases: 23 4.1.2 4.1.2 Sentence Structures 23 4.1.2.1 Simple Sentences 23 4.1.2.2 Compound sentences: 24 4.1.2.3 Complex Sentences 25 4.1.3 Structure similarities and differences of English and Vietnamese proverbs denoting money 25 4.1.3.1 Similarities 25 4.1.3.2 Differences 28 vi 4.2 Semantic features of English and Vietnamese proverbs denoting money 28 4.2.1 Money proverbs about the power of money 29 4.2.2 Money proverbs about money’s effects 31 4.2.3 Money proverbs about money’s drawbacks 33 4.2.4 Money proverbs about money’s relative unimportance 34 4.2.5 Money proverbs about savings 35 4.2.6 Money proverbs about expense 36 4.2.7 Money proverbs about lending and borrowing 37 4.2.8 Money proverbs about the value of time 38 4.2.9 Money proverbs about exchange of goods and services 38 4.2.10 Money proverbs about the rich 38 4.2.11 Money proverbs about money’s sources 39 4.2.12 Money proverbs about the importance of good words 39 4.2.13 Others 40 4.2.13.1 English proverbs 40 4.2.13.2 Vietnamese proverbs 41 4.2.14 Major semantic similarities and differences of English and Vietnamese proverbs referring to money 43 4.2.14.1 Differences 43 4.2.14.2 Similarities 48 Chapter CONCLUSION 53 5.1 Recapitulation 53 5.2 Concluding remarks 54 5.3 Limitations of the current research 55 5.4 Possible implications for teaching and learning English proverbs denoting money 55 5.4.1 For teaching English proverbs denoting money 55 vii 5.4.2 For learning English proverbs denoting money 56 5.5 Suggestions for future research 57 REFERENCES 58 APPENDIXE 1: 62 APPENDIX 68 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table 4.1 Semantics features of English and Vietnamese proverbs referring to money 42 Table 4.2: 45 Table 4.3 English proverbs referring to money and Vietnamese equivalents 49 ix REFERENCES English: Allwood, J, Gardenfords, P (1998), Cognitive Semantics-meaning and cognition, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam Bartlett Jere Whiting (1932),The nature of the proverb: Cambridge, Harvard University Press Collis, H (2003), 101 American English Proverbs (translated and explained by Lê Huy Lâm, Trương Hoàng Duy and Nguyễn Thanh Liêm), Ho Chi Minh City Publishers Furgusson, R (1983) The penguin dictionary of proverbs London: Market House Books Ltd Goddard, Cliff (1998) Semantic Analysis – A Practical Introduction Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-8700166 Galperin, I.R (1971), Stylistics, Higher School Publishing House, Moscow Glucksberg, S (2001), Understanding Figurative Language, Oxford University Press Hornby, A.S (2010), Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition, Oxford University Press Halliday, M.A.K (1994) An introduction to functional grammar London: Oxford university press 10 Honeck, R P (1997), A Proverb in Mind, Lawrence Erbaum Associates Publishers, London 11 Jackendoff, R (1991), Semantic Structures, the MIT Press, London 12 Kramsch, C (2003), Language and Culture, 4th impression, Oxford University Press, China 13 Leech, G (1974), Semantics, Penguin Books Ltd., England 58 14 Mieder, W (2004), Proverbs: A Handbook, Greenwood Press, Westport, the United States of America 15 Meider, W (1996) with George B Bryan Proverbs in World Literature: A Bibliography New York: Peter Lang 16 Mieder, W (2008), “Proverbs Speak Louder than Words”: Folk Wisdom in Art, Culture, Folklore, History, Literature, and Mass Media, Peter Lang Publishing Inc., New York 17 Norrick, N.R (1985), Trends in Linguistics: How Proverbs Mean Semantics Studies in English Proverbs, Moulton Publisher, Amsterdam 18 Nguyễn Thị Phương Thu (2008), An Investigation into Syntactic and Semantic Features of English and Vietnamese Idioms Containing Verbs of Motions, M.A Thesis, University of Da Nang 19 Quirk, R et al (1987), A University Grammar of English, Longman Group Ltd, Hongkong 20 Quirk, R et al (1985), A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language,Vol 1, Longman Group Ltd, London 21 Ridould R., Witting C (1969), English Proverbs Explained, Pan Books Ltd, London 22 Simpson, J (1982).Proverbs London: Oxford University press 23 Smith, W.G (1948), The Oxford Dictionary of English Proverbs, Oxford University Press, London, Great Britain 24 Simpson, J., Speake, J (1998), Oxford Concise Dictionary of Proverbs, Oxford University Press, Oxford 25 Spears, R A., Kirkpatrick B (1993), NTC’s English Idioms Dictionary, National Textbook Company, the United States of America 26 Taylor A (1931), The Proverbs, Cambridge, Havard University Press, Massachusettes, the United States of America Vietnamese: 59 Bùi Phụng (1995), Từ điển thành ngữ - tục ngữ Việt - Anh tường giải, NXB Văn hoá, Hà Nội Dương Quảng Hàm, (1951) Việt Nam thi văn hợp tuyển NXB Giaos Dục Lê Ngọc Tú (2004), Từ điển tục ngữ, thành ngữ, danh ngôn Anh, Pháp, Việt, NXB Khoa học xã hội Nguyễn Đình Hùng (2007), Tuyển tập thành ngữ, tục ngữ, ca dao, NXB Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh Nguyễn Lân (2009), Từ điển thành ngữ, tục ngữ Việt Nam, NXB Văn học, Hà Nội Nguyễn Nhã Bản, (2005) Đặc trưng cấu trúc, ngữ nghĩa thành ngữ tục ngữ ca dao NXB Văn hoá thông tin Nguyễn Tài Cẩn (1996), Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt: Tếng, Từ ghép, Đoản ngữ, NXB Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội Nguyễn Văn Chiến, (1992) Ngôn ngữ đối chiếu đối chiếu ngôn ngữ Đông Nam Á NXB Trường Đại học sư phạm Hà Nội Nguyễn Hữu Dự, Nguyễn Trùng Dương, (2003) Tục ngữ Anh Việt, Việt Anh NXB Tổng hợp Đồng Nai 10 Phạm Văn Bình (1977), Tục ngữ, thành ngữ nước Anh, NXB Hải Phòng 11 Phạm Văn Bình, (2001) Tục ngữ Việt Nam NXB Văn hố thơng tin 12 Trần Văn Phước, Nguyễn Thị Kim Anh (2008), “Phép tỷ dụ tục ngữ Việt Anh”, Tạp chí Khoa học & Cơng nghệ, Đại học Đà Nẵng, 4(27), tr 136-143 13 Võ Như Cầu, (2004) Ngôn ngữ dân gian Việt Nam NXB Văn hố thơng tin 14 Vũ Ngọc Phan (2003), Tục ngữ, ca dao, dân ca Việt Nam, NXBVăn học, Hà Nội 60 Sources from Internet http://www.academia.edu/3629309/Structural_Aspects_of_Proverbs http://vanhoahoc.vn/nghien-cuu/van-hoa-viet-nam/van-hoa-to-chuc-doisong-ca-nhan/637-nguyen-nghia-dan-so-sanh-tuc-ngu-nguoi-viet-voi-tucngu-cac-dan-toc-thieu-so.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proverb https://www.questia.com/library/95880508/the-oxford-dictionary-ofenglish-proverbs http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guide/literature/Far-from-the-MaddingCrowd-Summary-and-Analysis-Chapter-8.id-291, page Num-39.html 61 APPENDIXE 1: English proverbs on money A fool and his money are soon parted A man without money is no man at all All thinga are obedient to money A penny saved is a penny gained A penny saved is a penny earned A penny saved is very grateful A full purse makes the mouth speak A heavy purse makes a light heart A light purse makes a heavy heart 10 A ass laden with gold climbs to the top of the castle 11 A golden key opens every door 12 A silver key can open an iron lock 13 A man’s wealth is his enemy 14 A thousand pounds and a bottle of hay is all one thing at doomsday 15 A full cup must be carried steadily 16 A good name is better than the riches 17 A rich man’s joke is always funny 18 An empty purse causes a full heart 19 Be it for better, be it for worse, you after him that bears the purse? 20 Best is cheapest 21 Better wit than wealth 22 Beauty is potent but money is omnipotent 23 Courtesy costs nothing 24 Cheapest is dearest 25 Don’t get married only because of the money, you can borrow it cheaper 26 Don’t keep all your eggs in the same basket 62 27 Easily earned money is quickly spent 28 Everyone is akin to the rich man 29 Friends are plenty when the purse is full 30 Good words are worth much and cost little 31 Good words cost nought 32 Gold is an orator 33 Gold dust blinds all eyes 34 Gold goes in at any gate except heaven’s 35 He that has not silver in his purse should have silk on his tongue 36 He must pay with his body that can not pay with money 37 He who wants the work badly done has only to pay in advance 38 Health without money is half an ague 39 He that has money in his purse cannot want a head for his shoulders 40 He is rich enough who lacks not bread 41 He that has a full purse never wanted a friend 42 He that serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages 43 He that has gold may buy land 44 Health and money go far 45 It is easy to make money but hard to make a living 46 It takes money to make money 47 In for a penny, in for a pound 48 It is better to be born lucky than rich 49 It is best to neither a borrower nor a lender be 50 If you pay not a servant his wages, he will pay himself 51 Jack would be a gentleman if he had money 52 Knowledge makes one laugh but wealth makes one dance 53 Lend your money and lose your friend 54 Love lasts as long as money endures 63 55 Little and often fill the purse 56 Light gains make heavy purse 57 Love does much, money does everything 58 Look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves 59 Loyalty is worth more than money 60 Money answers all things 61 Money is a passport to everything 62 Money makes the mare go 63 Money makes the man 64 Muck and money go together 65 Money breeds money 66 Money makes money 67 Money talks 68 Money is not everything 69 Money is power 70 Money doesn’t grow on trees 71 Money can’t buy happiness 72 Money for jam 73 Money for old rope 74 Money burns a hole in someone’s pocket 75 Money is a bottomless sea in which honour, conscience and truth may be drawn 76 Money is the best passport 77 Money tempts women, women tempt men 78 Money borrowed is soo n sorrowed 79 Money makes dogs dance 80 Manners and money make a gentleman 81 Money makes the world go around 64 82 Money is an epitome of human power 83 Money burns many 84 Money makes marriage 85 Money is the measure of all things 86 Money taken, freedom forsaken 87 Money travels everywhere without feet 88 Much money makes a country poor for it sets a dearer price on everything 89 Much coin, much care 90 Muck and money go together 91 Near is my shirt but nearer is my skin 92 No money, no friend 93 No penny, no paternoster 94 No money, no piper 95 Never spend your money before you have it 96 No bees no honey, no work no money 97 No money, no justice 98 No lock will hold against the power of gold 99 No penny, no paternoster 100 One law for the rich and another for the poor 101 Out of debt, out of danger 102 Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them 103 Penny wise, pound foolish 104 Put the poor man’s penny and the rich man’s penny in ae purse and they will come out alike 105 Put two pennies in a purse and they will draw together 106 Poverty is the mother of crime 107 Politeness costs little but yields much 108 Pay beforehand was never well served 65 109 Put your money where your mouth is 110 Riches alone make no man happy 111 Rich men’s spots are covered with money 112 Rich men may have what they will 113 Ready money is a ready medicine 114 Riches bring care and fears 115 Rich men’s spots are covered with money 116 Sweet appears sour when we pay 117 Save your pennies for a rainy day 118 Stretch your arm no further 5than your sleeve with reach 119 Sweet appears sour when we pay 120 Trade is the mother of money 121 The money is round to roll 122 The money hammer opens the iron door 123 The love of money and the love of learning rarely meet 124 Talk is but talk, but ‘tis money buy land 125 The abundance of money ruins the youth 126 The poor man’s shilling is but a penny 127 There is no companion like the penny 128 The dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone 129 With Latin, a horse and money you may travel the world 130 Want of money, want of comfort 131 When money speaks, the world is silent 132 What will not money do? 133 Who will not keep a penny shall never have any 134 Where there is muck there is brass 135 Who does not have money in the purse must have honey in the mouth 136 Wisest is who recks not who is rich 66 137 Where wealth is established it is difficult for friendship to find a place 138 When we have gold, we are in fear, when we have none, we are in danger 139 Without wisdom, wise is worthless 140 Who spends more than he should shall not have to spend when he would 141 Who will not keep a penny shall never have any 142 Why keep a cow when you can buy milk 143 You may speak with your gold and make other tongues dumb 144 You pays your money and you takes your chances 145 You get what you pay for 146 You can not force anyone to love you or lend you money 67 APPENDIX Anh em gạo, đạo nghĩa tiền Bà tiền bà thóc, bà cóc Bà tổ tiên khơng phải tiền gạo Bạc ba quan mở bát Bán gia tài, mua danh phận Bố đĩ giãu, bố đĩ tiên, ông tổng không tiền ông tổng tểnh Buôn tàu buôn bè không ăn dè hà tiện Bạc đeo đầy chẳng thơng minh sáng suốt Của cho so đo nhiều 10 Của quan có thần, dân có nọc 11 Của kho không lo hết 12 Của non ăn mòn hết 13 Chợ có phiên, tiền có ngữ 14 Của trăng trăng chơi, có phải trời đâu mà giữ 15 Chứa tiền chứa thóc giàu/ Chứa thằng ăn cướp đầu chơi 16 Có con/ Khơng có để nợ cho 17 Chị em hiền thật hiền/ Lâm đến đồng tiền chị em 18 Của giữ bo bo/ Của người thả cho bò ăn 19 Cắn cơm khơng bể, cắn tiền bể hai 20 Có vay có trả thỏa lòng 21 Cho vay bạn 22 Có thêm vào, chẳng có bào 23 Có lấy che thân, không lấy thân che 24 Có tiền khơn mày mạy, khơng tiền dại đòng đong 25 Có tiền thời hồng cầm hồng kì/ Khơng tiền thời rễ si rễ ngái 26 Còn bạc tiền đệ tử/ Hết cơm hết rượu hết ông 27 Của đồng công nén 68 28 Của lòng nhiều 29 Của bề bề khơng nghề tay 30 Của giàu tám vạn ngàn tư, chết chắp tay lỗ đít 31 Của làm hư nết 32 Của làm hại người 33 Có tiền mua tiên 34 Có tiền chán vạn người hầu/ Có bấc có dầu chán vạn kẻ khêu 35 Có tiền nới cùm, khơng tiền niêm chặt 36 Đồng tiền liền khúc ruột 37 Đồng tiền bé hay cửa quyền 38 Đồng tiền đũa bẻ hai 39 Đồng tiền chúa mn lồi 40 Đồng tiền tiên phật 41 Đã giàu lại giàu thêm, khó lại khó đêm lẫn ngày 42 Đồng bạc tạc nên người 43 Đồng tiền tiết kiệm đồng tiền khôn 44 Đồng tiền trước đồng tiền khôn 45 Đồng người, đồng mười ta 46 Gà chê thóc chẳng bới người chê tiền 47 Góp tiền ăn thịt, góp gạo ăn xôi 48 Giàu điếc sang đui 49 Giàu hay mần, bần hay ăn 50 Giàu lo bạc, khó lo cơm 51 Ho bạc, khạc tiền 52 Hết tiền hết tình 53 Hết tiền hết bạn 54 Hết tiền tài nhân nghĩa tận 55 Hoàng kim hắc nhân tâm 69 56 Hung chi gạo bạo chi tiền 57 Khơng mạnh đồng tiền 58 Khôn tiên không tiền dại 59 Không tiền khơng gạo mạnh bạo xó bếp 60 Khơng tiền nói chẳng khơn 61 Kẻ có tiền chẳng mạnh bạo 62 Ki ca ki cóp cho cọp xơi 63 Khôn xu, ngu bạc vạn 64 Làm trai lấy vợ hiền/ Như củầm đồng tiền mua miếng ngon 65 Lời nói quan tiền gấm lụa 66 Lúa đụn tiền kho 67 Lắm bạc nhiều tiền 68 Làm tiền dễ, sống hồn khó 69 Lời nói chẳng tiền mua/ Lựa lời mà nói cho vừa lòng 70 Lời nói gói bạc 71 Làm lành để giành đau 72 Mặt vng chữ điền đồng tiền khơng có / Mặt mũi méo mó lại có đồng tiền 73 Một đồng kiếm nát đồng cỏ/ Hai đồng kiếm đỏ mắt 74 Những người nghiện ngập bê tha/ Hao tiền hại sức người ta chê cười 75 Một lần ngại tốn, bốn lần khơng xong 76 Miệng người sang có gang có thép 77 Một đồng khoai, hai đồng vỏ 78 Nhiều tiền ăn thịt, tiền ăn nây 79 Nhiều tiền tốt, tiền xấu 80 Nhiều tiền hồng cầm hồng kì, tiền trần bì xác 81 Nhiều tiền mua thịt, tiền mua xương 82 Nhiều tiền đong đầy, tiền đong vơi 70 83 Nhiều tiền thắm, hết tiền phai 84 Người làm của, không làm người 85 Người sống còn, người chết hết 86 Năm tiền có chứng, quan có 87 Người vàng, ngãi 88 Nhất chơi tiên, nhì giỡn tiền 89 Nhiều tiền nhiều bạc tiên trời 90 Ông tiền, ơng thóc, ơng cóc 91 Qua chợ cầm tiền vô duyên khỏi nhẵn má 92 Quan tiền nặng, quan tiền chìm/ Bù nhìn nhẹ, bù nhìn 93 Quỹ cơng khơng xót khơng đau 94 Rẻ tiền mặt đắt tiền chơi 95 Sống chết mặc bay, tiền thầy bỏ túi 96 Tiền lưng gạo bị 97 Tiền có đồng, cá có 98 Tiền vào nhà khó gió vào nhà trống 99 Tiền xỏ khơng lọt chuỗi 100 Tiền rừng bạc bể 101 Tiền tật mang 102 Tiền vàng xỏ lõi lụa 103 Tiền lĩnh quần chị không tiền quần em 104 Tiền cưới trao tay, tiền cheo rấp nước 105 Tiền hết gạo không 106 Trâu trao chạc, bạc trao tay 107 Tiền trả mạ nhổ 108 Tiền trao cháo múc 109 Thời gian vàng bạc 110 Tham vàng phụ nghĩa 71 111 Tiền kiếm dễ dễ 112 Tiết kiệm sẵn có đồng tiền/ Phòng túng nhỡ không phiền lụy 113 Tiền tài phấn thổ, nhân nghĩa tựa thiên kim 114 Tiền rừng bạc bể vui vẻ long 115 Tiền đẻ tiền 116 Tiền bạc làm mờ mắt 117 Tiền lấp lỗ miệng 118 Tiền cha vàng, mẹ bạc, bác đồng đen 119 Tiền thuốc chẳng nặng tiền thang 120 Tiền ngắn, mặt dài 121 Tiền múa chúa cười 122 Tiền nằm nhà tiền chửa/ Tiền khỏi nhà tiền đẻ 123 Vợ yêu tiền chưa có( It’s not easy for a poor man to reach happiness) 124 Việc to đừng lo tốn 125 Vay trả, chạm đền 126 Vay hả, trả hi hi 127 Vi nhân bất phú, vi phú bất nhân 128 Việc nhỏ đắn đo, việc to hoang phí 72 ... they share the same feature: all of them relate to 16 monetary Therefore, money proverbs are the ones that contain the word money or the meanings of which are linked to monetary as the words... usage They are the interaction situation (the situation in which a proverb is actually used), the context situation (the situation to which one refers) and the proverb situation (the situation... for teaching and learning proverbs denoting money English To complete the research thesis, all the material collection of English proverbs denoting money and their equivalents in Vietnamese with