MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF TAG QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH WITH THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI TRONG TIẾNG ANH VỚI NHỮNG TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT ) NGUYỄN THỊ NGÂN Hanoi, 2016 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF TAG QUESTION IN ENGLISH WITH THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (NGHIÊN CỨU ĐỐI CHIẾU CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI TRONG TIẾNG ANH VỚI NHỮNG TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT ) NGUYỄN THỊ NGÂN Field: English Language Code: 60220201 Supervisor: Do Kim Phuong, Ph.D Hanoi, 2016 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled A contrastive study of tag questions in English with their Vietnamese equivalents, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‘s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2016 Nguyen Thi Ngan Apporoved by SUPERVISOR Date………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without the help and support from a number of people First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to PhD Do Kim Phuong, my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher A special word of thanks goes to all my classmates and many others, without whose support and encouragement it would never have been possible for me to have this thesis accomplished I am greatly indebted to all my knowledge and understanding I got at Ha Noi Open University for their constant support and encouragement Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family, my husband for the sacrifice they have devoted to the fulfillment of this academic work ii ABSTRACT Questions play an important part in communicative process in any languages People are not able to communicate well without making and answering questions In daily life, people make questions in order to seek information as well as exchange their ideas, knowledge and feelings In reality, however, people sometimes make questions not for the above mentioned purposes They make questions for confirmating or checking information It is obvious that questions cannot be missed in communication Therefore, the study is aimed at characteristics of English Tag questions with their equivalents in Vietnamese by using contrastive analysis as the major method In order to help learners get more understanding of Tag questions and be able to use them correctly and fluently, the study is mainly aimed at making a comparison of English Tag questions with Vietnamese equivalents iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CN Chủ ngữ VN Vị ngữ & and S Subject ANK Anna Karenina – Leo Tolstoy (ibooks) BO Beloved oxford – Dương Thụy TS The lost symbol – Dan Brown IN Inferno – Dan Brown LA Looking for Alaska – John Green PT Paper Town – John Green AK An abundance of Katherines – John Gree AR A walk to remember – Nicholas Sparks DJ Dear John - Nicholas Sparks \ falling intonation / rising intonation iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 1: Four types of tag questions …………………… 11 Type The statement The tag Example Positive Negative It‘s your birthday, isn‘t it? Negative Positive It isn‘t your birthday, is it? Positive Positive It‘s your birthday, is it? Negative Negative It isn‘t your birthday, isn‘t it? Table 2: Form of tag questions ……………………….………12 Form Structure Statement Tag S + Operator + Predication, Operator + S? S +Ordinary verb + Predication, Auxiliary verb + S? An imperative clause, Modal auxiliary + S? v DEFINITION OF KEY TECHNICAL TERMS In this thisis, the key technical termsare to be employed in thesense as stated in the example below: (i) Semantics = Study of the relationship between language signs and what is denoted by those signs (ii) Syntactics = Study of the relationship between language forms and what is denoted by those forms (iii) Equivalents = Study of the relationship between English language forms and what is denoted by Vietnamese forms vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii List of abbreviations .iv List of table and figures v Definition of key technical terms vi Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the research 1.2 Aims of the research 1.3 Objectives of the research 1.4 Scope of the research 1.5 Significance of the research 1.6 Structural organization of the thesis Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Review of previous studies 2.2 Review of theoretical background 2.2.1 Definition of tag questions 2.2.1.1 Definition of questions 2.2.1.2 Definition of tag questions 2.2.2 Syntactic features of tag questions 11 2.2.2.1 Syntactic features of tag questions in English 11 2.2.2.2 Syntactic features of tag questions in Vietnamese 14 2.2.3 Semantic features of tag questions 21 2.2.3.1 Semantic features of tag questions in English 21 2.2.3.2 Semantic features of tag questions in Vietnamese 28 2.3 Summary 29 vii Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY 31 3.1 Research-governing orientations 31 3.1.1 Research questions 31 3.1.2 Research setting 31 3.1.3 Research approach 32 3.1.4 Principles/criteria for intended data collection & data analysis 32 3.2 Research methods 32 3.2.1 Major methods vs supporting methods 32 3.2.2 Data collection techniques 34 3.2.3 Data analysis techniques 34 3.3 Summary 36 Chapter 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 37 4.1 Contrastive analysis of syntactic and semantic features of tag question in English with their Vietnamese equivalents 37 4.1.1 English: S + Operator + Predication, Operator + S? 37 Vietnamese: CN + VN, có phải khơng? Có phải + CN + VN + không? Form 1: S + Operator (be) + Predication, Operator (be) + S? 40 Form 2: S + Operator (have) + Predication, Operator (have) + S? 43 Form 3: S + Operator (can/ will ) + Predication, Operator (can/ will ) + S? 44 4.1.2 English: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, Auxiliary verb + S? 45 Vietnamese: CN + VN, à/ ạ/ nhỉ/ nhỉ/ ư/ ư/ sao/ hả/ hở/ không …? Form 1: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, + S? 49 Form 2: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, don‘t + S? 50 Form 3: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, does + S? 51 Form 4: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, doesn‘t + S? 52 Form 5: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, did + S? 52 Form 6: S + Ordinary verb + Predication, didn‘t + S? 53 viii REFERENCES In English Alexander, L.G (1992), English Grammar, Longman, New York Asher, R A (1994), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol 4, pp 1903 - 1992 Pergamon press Birght, William, Editor-in-chief (1992), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol - 3, O.U.P., New York Cowan, Ron (2008), The teacher's Grammar of English, Cambridge Foreign Language Study Dik, Simon C (1997), Theory of Functional Grammar, Moulton de Gruyter, Berlin, New York Downing, A & Locke, P (1992), A University Course in English Grammar, Prentice Hall International, Ltd Eastwood, John (1994), Oxford Guide to English Grammar, O.U.P Eastwood, John (2000), Oxford Practice Grammar with Answers, O.U.P Fromkin, Victoria A (editor) (2000), Linguistics, An Introduction to Linguistics Theory, Blackwell Publisher Ltd, USA & UK 10 Givón, T Syntax (1990), A functional-typological introduction, Vol.2, John Benjanmins publishing company Amsterdam, Phladenphia 11 Greenbaum, Sidney (1996), The Oxford English Grammar (new), O.U.P, New York 12 Halliday, M A K (1985), An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Edward Annold Publishers Ltd, London 13 Quirk Randolph; Greenbaun, Sidney; Leech; Geoffrey & Svartvik, Jan (1972), A Grammar of Comtemporary of English Longman, London 14 Sinclair, John (editor-in-chief) (1990), English Grammar, Helping the learners with Real English, Collins Cobuild, London 75 15 Holmes, J V (2001), An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Longman, UK 16 Huddleston, R (1995), Introduction to the Grammar of English, Cambridge University Press, UK 17 McGregor, W (1995), the English “tag question”: A new Analysis, is(n’t) it?, in Hasan, R, On subject and Theme A discourse functional perspective, John Benjamins Publishing Company, USA 18 Vo Dai Quang (2004), Discourse Analysis, CFL-VNU, Ha Noi In Vietnamese 19 Cao Xuân Hạo (1991), Tiếng Việt - Sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức năng, 1, Nxb Khoa học xã hội 20 Cao Xuân Hạo (1998), Tiếng Việt: Mấy vấn đề ngữ âm, ngữ pháp, ngữ nghĩa, Nxb Giáo dục 21 Diệp Quang Ban (1996), Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt, tập 2, Nxb Giáo dục 22 Diệp Quang Ban (1998), Một số vấn đề câu tồn Tiếng Việt, Nxb Giáo dục 23 Diệp Quang Ban, Hoàng Văn Thung (2000), Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt tập 1, Nxb Giáo dục 20 Đỗ Hữu Châu, Bùi Minh Toán (1993), Đại cương ngôn ngữ học, tập 2, Nxb Giáo dục 24 Hoàng Trọng Phiến (1980), Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt - câu, Nxb Đại học Trung học chuyên nghiệp 25 Hồ Lê (1976), Tìm hiểu nội dung câu hỏi cách thức thể hỏi tiếng Việt đại, Tạp chí Ngơn ngữ số 26 Lê Cẩn; Cù Đình Tú; Hồng Tuệ (1962), Giáo trình Việt ngữ tập 1, Nxb Giáo dục 27 Lê Đông (1985), Câu trả lời câu đáp câu hỏi, Tạp chí Ngơn ngữ số phụ lục 76 28 Lê Đông (1996), Ngữ nghĩa - ngữ dụng câu hỏi danh (trên ngữ liệu tiếng Việt), Luận án tiến sĩ 29 Nguyễn Đăng Sửu (1998), Một vài đặc điểm chung câu nghi vấn (qua ngữ liệu số ngôn ngữ), Kỷ yếu hội nghị khoa học "Ngữ học trẻ", Hội ngôn ngữ học Việt Nam, Hà Nội 30 Nguyễn Đăng Sửu (2002), Đặc điểm câu hỏi tiếng Anh - Đối chiếu với tiếng Việt, Luận án Tiến sĩ 77 APPENDICES A Survey exercise Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese (Symbol \ represents falling intonation Symbol / represents rising intonation) You‘ve got a car, \haven‘t you? / ………………………………………………………………… A: You haven‘t seen my watch anywhere, have you? / B: It‘s on the bookshelf ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… You couldn‘t lend me a pound, \could you? / ………………………………………………………………… You wanted to take advantage of that, \didn‘t you? \ ………………………………………………………………… A: Why didn‘t you answer the phone? B: I was in the bath, \wasn‘t I? \ ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… He was the best student in the class, \was he? / ………………………………………………………………… Give me a hand, \won‘t somebody? / ………………………………………………………………… Let‘s play another game, \shall we? / ………………………………………………………………… Shut up, \can‘t you? / ………………………………………………………………… 10.How cold it is in here, \isn‘t it? \ ………………………………………………………………… 78 B English tag questions in the study She is beautiful, isn‘t she? She isn‘t beautiful, is she? There are thirty-one day in November, aren‘t there? You missed a lot, didn‘t you? Those boys love food, don‘t they? Give me a hand, will you? Open the door, won‘t you? Do sit down, won‘t you? Let‘s go to the cinema, shall we? You didn't meet him this morning, didn't you? 10 It didn't break down, did it? 11 It broke down, didn't it? 12 You met him this morning, did you? 13 They forgot to attend the lecture, am I right? 14 They didn't forget to attend the lecture, am I right? 15 Open the door, will you? 16 Give me a hand, won't somebody?Don't make a noise, will you? 17 Let's play another game, shall we? 18 How cold it is in here, isn't it? 19 You've got a car, haven‘t you? 20 You understand, don't you? 21 Well, as a matter of fact, I don't 22 You haven't got a pen, have you? 23 You couldn't me a favour, could you? 24 You know why, don't you? 25 You don‘t know why, you? 26 You wanted to take advantage of that, didn't you? 27 You didn't really see a gun in the defendant's hand, did you? 79 28 I was in the bath, wasn't I? 29 That was a bit of a daft thing to do, wasn't it? 30 You haven‘t got a car, have you? 31 Take a seat, won't you? 32 And take care, won't you? 33 Help me, would you? 34 Eat all the chocolates, would you? 35 How cold it is in here, isn't it? 36 You can help me a hand, can‘t you? 37 She is a teacher, isn‘t she? 38 You haven't seen my pen anywhere, have you? 39 You couldn't give me a hand, could you? 40 I have just washed a basket of clothes, haven't I? 41 You have finished the test, have you? 42 You have told him the truth, have you? 43 He works hard - working, does he? 44 You live in America, is that right? 45 How lovely the baby is, isn't she? 46 Please tell me the whole story, will you? 47 Don't come home late at night, will you? 48 Give me the book, can you? 49 Carry the bag for me, could you? 50 Switch the TV off for me, will you? 51 Shut up, can't you? 52 Andrew, this is our new neighbour, Frank, Andrew has just changed jobs, haven't you? DEAR JOHN – NICHOLAS SPARKS 53 ―She is sOmething, isn‘t she?‖ – Page 53 54 ―You liked those expression, didn‘t you?‖ – Page 72 80 55 ―It‘s kind of out of the way,isn‘t it?‖ – Page 78 56 ―I told you my father is quiet, didn‘t I?‖ – Page 107 57 ―Come on Admit it It was kind of funny, wasn‘t it?‖ – Page 190 58 ―You‘re in love, aren‘t you,‖ she whispered - Page 254 59 ―Life is a peach, isn‘t it?‖ she teased - Page 267 60 ―This is the ranch you dreamed of starting, isn‘t it?‖ I asked – Page 268 61 ―Hope and Horses is for autistic kids, isn‘t it?‖ – Page 268 62 ―Wow, ― I commented ―This is really good.‖ 63 ―It is, isn‘t it?‖ she agreed – Page 306 64 ―You are going to eat, aren‘t you?‖ I gestured at her untouched plate – Page 306 65 ―You really would have married me, wouldn‘t you?‖ – Page 316 66 ―It was real, wasn‘t it?‖ Her voice had a tremor – Page 316 67 ―You always knew I was in love with her, too, didn‘t you?‖ – Page 324 A WALK TO REMEMBER – NICHOLAS SPARKS 68 ―You‘ll help me, won‘t you?‖ – Page 24 69 ―Landon,‖ she finally said, ―you didn‘t come here to talk about the weather, did you?‖ – Page 42 70 ―You‘re not learning to anything to … embarrass her, are you?‖ – Page 50 71 ―I really didn‘t have a choice, did I?‖ – Page 77 72 ―You‘d like to that, wouldn‘t you, Landon?‖ he said – Page 89 73 ―It wasn‘t exactly something you could answer no to, was it?‖ – Page 89 74 ―It‘s a beautiful night for strolling, isn‘t it?‖ Eric said – Page 119 75.―You‘re not in a very good mood, are you?‖ she finally asked – Page 124 81 76 ―You don‘t miss a thing, you?‖ I said sacastically without looking at her – Page 124 77 ―But you don‘t want to give it back, you?‖ – Page 166 78 ―People think I‘m strange, don‘t they?‖ she finally said, breaking the silence – Page 186 79 ―You really love her, don‘t you,‖she said – Page 204 80 ―And when I asked you to the home coming dance, you made me promise that I was going to, didn‘t you?‖ – Page 218 AN ABUNDANCE OF KATHERINES – JOHN GREEN 81 ―I‘m bleeding, aren‘t I?‖ Colun asked – Page 33 82 ―Oh, Lindsey darling, I ain‘t seen you in so long It‘s been years, hasn‘t it? Oh, but Lord is good to see you.‖ – Page 184 83 ―Yeah God We could, couldn‘t we? We could just keep going.‖ – Page 215 PAPER TOWN – JOHN GREEN 84 ―Wait, he won‘t know it‘s me, will he?‖ – Page 61 85 ―You never see Ahab wanting anything else in this whole novel, you?‖– Page 159 86 ―You‘re going to be pretty pissed when you hear that the only reason I‘m up in this early is that I really need to go because I have to pick up my tux, aren‘t you?‖ – P163 87 ―This party is so great, isn‘t it?‖ – Page 181 88 ―And he‘s sweet, isn‘t he?‖ – Page 188 89 ―She‘s standing behind me, isn‘t she?‖ – Page 213 90 ―It‘s this, isn‘t it?‖ – Page 277 91 ―You were just playing with us, weren‘t you?‖ – Page 284 LOOKING FOR ALASKA – JOHN GREEN 92 You did go to public school, didn‘t you? – Page 13 93 That‘s the mystery, isn‘t it? – Page 19 82 94 You like this class, don‘t you? – Page 50 95 You‘re out of cigarettes, aren‘t you? – Page 55 96 She sure didn‘t leave any booze, did she? – Page 154 97 And so I never knew you, did I? – Page 173 98 You‘re not dating Lara anymore, are you? – Page 175 99 There‘s no comfort to this grief, is there? – Page 178 100 You can outdrink a girl, aren‘t you? – Page 180 INFERNO – DAN BROWN 101 A skull certainly qualifies, doesn‘t it? – Page 212 102 His ideas on Transhumanism and over population seem to be in conflict, don‘t they? – Page 396 103 You‘re Kobert Langdon, aren‘t you? – Page 438 104 You‘ve been lying to us, haven‘t you? – Page 444 105 I see your concerns, Sienna, I do, but this technology could also be used for good, could‘t it? – Page 591 106 You think you‘re too old for me, don‘t you? – Page 612 THE LOST SYMBOL – DAN BROWN 107 ‗I hate to embarrass you, Professor,‗ the woman said, sounding sheepish, ‗but you are the Robert Landon who writes books about symbols and religion, aren‘t you?‘ – Page 26 108 It really hadn‘t dawned on you yet, has it? – Page 67 109 It‘s called Wet Pod Pretty unusual sight, isn‘t it? – Page 70 110 Peter Solomon is a Mason, is he not? – Page 143 111 That sounds very Masonic, does it not? – Page 144 112 If I‘m not mistaken, pyramids were once considered mystical portal through which the deceased pharaohs could ascend to the gods, were they not? – Page 189 113 You don‘t give up, you? – Page 328 114 It‘s Peter‘s, isn‘t it? – Page 331 83 115 Mr.Bellamy, you have no idea what‘s really going on tonight, you? – page 371 116 ‗Fine‘, Katherine said, ‗but even if this symbol was inscribed there intentionally, it doesn‘t bring us any closer to deciphering the map, does it?‘ – Page 424 117 Let‘s find out, shall we? – Page 445 118 Let‘s ask him, shall we? – Page 494 119 Peter, you recognize this knife, don‘t you? – Page 522 120 Your boy learned this lesson, all right, didn‘t he? – Page 524 BELOVED OXFORD – DƯƠNG THỤY 121 That precious time which you can reserve for reading one more chapter of the book must be useful, isn‘t it? – Page 48 122 Fernando did several pages of your fundamental draft, didn‘t he? – Page 76 123 But being like that wasn‘t useless, was it? – Page 77 124 You said you liked tranquil places, didn‘t you? – Page 128 125 You closely follow me carefully, don‘t you? – Page 148 126 You love Fernando so much, don‘t you? – Page 172 127 You don‘t feel strange, you? – Page 230 128 Don‘t tell me that David Wilson has declared his love for you, has he? – Page 249 129 You naturally lay in this social class, don‘t you? – Page 339 130 It‘s certainly not about the cat, Louisana, is it? – Page 346 ANNA KARENINA – LEO TOLSTOY( IBOOKS) 131 ―Delighted that you‘ve come For some time, is it? How‘s your farming getting on?‖ – Page 108 132 ―You haven‘t seen Mlle Linon, have you?‖ – Page 130 133 ―Now, go and skate, go and skate Our Kitty has learned to skate nicely, hasn‘t she? – Page 132 84 134 ―Surely you must be dull in the country in the winter, aren‘t you?‖ she said – Page 132 135 ―You like turbot, don‘t you?‖ he said to Levin as they were arriving – Page 141 136 ―You don‘t care much for oysters, you?‖ said StepanArkadyevitch, emptying his wine glass, ―or you‘re worried about something Eh?‖ – Page 151 137 ―Shall you be long in Moscow? You‘re busy with the district council, though, aren‘t you, and can‘t be away for long?‖ – Page 212 138 ―He‘s a capital fellow,‖ pursued Oblonsky ―Isn‘t he?‖ – Page 252 139 ―She‘s very sweet, isn‘t she?‖ said the countess of Madame Karenina – Page 265 140 "You have no sort of skeleton, have you?‖ – Page 411 141 ―Before, when I was told to consider him clever, I kept looking for his ability, and thought myself a fool for not seeing it; but directly I said, he's a fool, though only in a whisper, everything's explained, isn't it?‖ – Page 570 142 "No, I shan't come another time; it's too upsetting," said Princess Betsy "Isn't it, Anna?" – Page 886 143 "But it is a pretty sight, isn't it?" – Page 888 144 "You didn't tell a man, who didn't care for you, that you loved him, did you?‖ – Page 943 145 "Maybe so; but anyway it's a pleasure such as I have never known in my life And there's no harm in it, you know Is there?" answered Levin – Page 1093 85 146 "Seryozha," she said, as soon as the governess had left the room, "that was wrong, but you'll never it again, will you?… You love me?" – Page 1233 147 "You won't go either, will you? Who wants to play croquet?" – Page 1277 148 ―Oh, you've not been to see our school, have you?" – Page 1402 149 "I've seen it… The little house covered with ivy, isn't it?" – Page 1402 150 "I have had a good sleep, I'm not in a sweat now Just see, feel my shirt; it's not wet, is it?" – Page 1488 151 Well, Yegor, it's hard work not sleeping, isn't it?" – Page 1702 152 "For Alexey—I am speaking of Alexey Alexandrovitch (what a strange and awful thing that both are Alexey, isn't it?) –Page 1746 153 "Against her will to a fine fellow like that? A prince, isn't he?" – Page 928 154 Eh? that's true, isn't it?" – Page 2346 155 "Really, there's not room Laska, back, Laska! You won't want another dog, will you?" – Page 2443 156 "How splendidly I shot this bird! Didn't I? Well, shall we soon be getting to the real place?" – Page 2444 157 "He really is a capital fellow, isn't he?" said StepanArkadyevitch, when Veslovsky had gone out and the peasant had closed the door after him – Page 2486 158 "It is a nice horse, isn't it? – Page 2594 159 I have the right to that, haven't I? – Page 2599 86 160 Imagine that what Dolly would like best would be a stroll— wouldn't you? And then the boat, perhaps,‖ said Anna – Page 2621 161 "We will come, won't we?" she said, addressing Sviazhsky – Page 2625 162 "I am so glad you like Dolly You do, don't you?" – Page 2703 163 "Oh, damn your acts! I speak from my heart We're all gentlemen, aren't we? Above suspicion." – Page 2763 164 "Why, I suppose you used to pay calls before you were married, didn't you?" – Page 2838 165 "How are you, Konstantin Dmitrievitch? Particularly sculpturesque and plastic, so to say, and richly colored is that passage where you feel Cordelia's approach, where woman, das ewigWeibliche, enters into conflict with fate Isn't it?" – Page 2884 166 "Yes; you've race horses too, haven't you?" – Page 2907 167 "Yes, isn't it extraordinarily fine?" said StepanArkadyevitch, noticing that Levin was scrutinizing the picture "I have never seen a better portrait." "And extraordinarily like, isn't it?" said Vorkuev – Page 2935 168 "You're living, aren't you?" – Page 3068 169 "Oh, by the way," he said at the very moment she was in the doorway, "we're going tomorrow for certain, aren't we?" – Page 3168 170 "Ah, princess! that was something like!" said StepanArkadyevitch, suddenly appearing in the middle of the crowd and beaming upon them with a delighted smile "Capitally, warmly said, wasn't it? – Page 3254 87 C Vietnamese tag questions in the study Cơ đẹp, có khơng? Cơ chẳng đẹp chút nào, phải không? Hãy đưa tay cho nào? Ngồi xuống nào? Hãy mở nhé? Chúng ta tới rạp chiếu phim đi? Có phải anh vẽ tranh khơng? Anh vẽ tranh có phải khơng? Bạn có nhìn thấy bút tớ đâu khơng? 10 Bạn giúp tơi tay không? 11 Bạn giúp tay sao? 12 Anh gọi điện cho em à? 13 Cháu tìm à? 14 Ngài lấy sách ạ? 15 Bạn yêu hả? 16 Con làm vỡ kính khơng? 17 Chị khơng thấy em vừa phải giặt chậu quần áo à? 18 Cậu hoàn thành kiểm tra ư? 19 Em khơng nói thật với tơi sao? 20 Anh mà làm việc chăm á? 21 Đưa cho tơi sách 22 Hãy nói cho mẹ nghe tồn câu chuyện nhé? 23 Đừng có mà khuya nhé? 24 Cô cho em xin sách không ạ? / 25 Em đưa cho sách không? 26 Tắt ti vi giúp mẹ nhé? 27 Còn khơng im mồm hả? 28 Có giỏi uống hết chỗ bia đi? 88 29 Ơ, gái thật đẹp 30 Mở cửa 31 Trời lạnh để lại nhé? 89 ... comprehension and usage of tag questions 1.2 Aims of the research The study is aimed at finding out the features of tag questions in English with their Vietnamese equivalents interms of syntactic and semantic... and carry out contrastive analysis of tag questions in English with their Vietnamese equivalents (ii) Practically, in this thesis, Tag question in English with their Vietnamese equivalents are... rising tone, reverse polarity tag questions with final falling tone, constant, polarity tag questions and invariant tag questions Syntactically, reverse and constant polarity tag questions can